relyv.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈlʌɪ/, U.S.

/rəˈlaɪ/,

/riˈlaɪ/

Forms: Middle English–1600s relie, Middle English–1600s relye, Middle English– rely; Scottish pre-1700 relay, pre-1700 rele, pre-1700 relie, pre-1700 relye, pre-1700 1700s– rely.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French relier.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman relier to rally, reassemble (12th cent.; also intransitive), to join up (with) (14th cent. or earlier), to base or concentrate (something on something) (14th cent. or earlier), (in legal use) to bind as to consequences, to rebind, warranty (14th cent. or earlier), specific senses (partly as a result of association with ralier , rallier rally v.¹) of Anglo-Norman and Middle French relier to attach or bind together (12th cent. in Old French), to put back together (c1330), to connect, put together (15th cent.) < classical Latin religāre religate v. Compare Old Occitan reliar to attach. With senses 1, 2, and 3 compare later rally v.¹ Senses 4, 5, 6, 8, 7, and 9 (which are all of broadly similar date) probably developed from the earlier senses in English (compare especially sense 3b), although compare also the spec. senses in Anglo-Norman.

†1.

a. transitive (reflexive). To come together for a second or subsequent time; to rally. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3094 (MED) Þe Sarsyns relied hymen ageyn & meteþ with our barouns.

a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 13844 (MED) Þe Romayns perceyued þer bataille hard, & relyed þem [Fr. se rasamblerent] to þe standard.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 468/2 in Chron. I The manfull courage of the earl of Warwike..whereby he caused them to stay, and relie themselves agayne.

1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. ii. ii. 51 A few of the Liegeois after they were put to flight relied themselues togither at their cariage.

b. transitive. To gather (soldiers, followers, etc.) together; to assemble, to rally (others). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (transitive)] > rally

rely?a1400

re-allyc1485

re-enforce1594

retire1596

rally1600

rallier1619

steady1901

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (reflexive)] > specifically of people or animals > again

rely?a1400

reassociatea1513

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 317 (MED) Of knyght & of burgeis an oste he did relie.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 16889 (MED) Pantasalie..hir men relies.

a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 1001 (MED) His folk he relyed hym [v.r. þam] to, ffor to assay eft what þey might do.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxxiii. 186 Rogier relyed his lytil felawship And cam deffendyng hym toward the toun.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 34 His men till him he gan rely.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 553 The Duke..cried his signe with high voyce and relyed his peple [Fr. ralie sa gent] a-boute hym.

1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. E2^v To armes in hast, K. Iohn relyes his men.

1609 T. Heywood tr. Sallust Hist. Warre of Iugurth xv. 50 in tr. Sallust Two Worthy & Notable Hist. He gathered his scattered Troopes into one Battallion: hee relyeth the rankes, and faceth the aduerse footmen.

c. intransitive. To assemble, to rally. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (intransitive)] > rally

recoverc1330

rely?a1400

relievec1425

re-allyc1485

rally1599

reconcentrate1884

regroupa1944

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 224 To Lyncoln þei drowe, & þer þei suld relie.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1882 Thane relyez þe renkez of þe rounde table.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xx. 440 The chasseris turnyt agayn Thai relyit [1487 St. John's Cambr. relevit] with mekill mayn.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 393 (MED) Whan these saugh hem comynge, thei relien and closed hem to-geder.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 2540 The furriouris out at ane syde Togidder relyit was that tyde.

†2. Hunting.

a. intransitive. Perhaps: to rally a hunting-party by means of a horn. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 108 If eny hound hapne to fynde of the kyng, he shuld hue to hym bi his name and saie loude..‘assemble, assemble’, and jopeye and relie.

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 95 (MED) As ofte as he fyndeþ þe fues..he shal..relie wiþ his horn.

b. intransitive. Of hounds: to return to an assembly point or resting place. Cf. sense 3b. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 58 (MED) Thay hunte and halowes, in holttis and hillys, And tille þaire riste raches relyes [v.r. releues] one þaire raye.

†3. intransitive. With preposition indicating direction of movement.

a. To rally against an enemy; to attack. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] > rally to attack

relyc1425

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 12620 The Troyens sone that aspied, And to the Gregeis thei..relied.

a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander 3745 The Turkis agane on thame relyid.

b. To rally or retire to one's friends or to a certain place. Also transitive (reflexive). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > cause to move back [verb (transitive)] > withdraw into

relyc1440

resort1471

recoil?1473

society > travel > [verb (reflexive)]

wendeOE

meteOE

drawc1175

flitc1175

do?c1225

kenc1275

teemc1275

movec1300

graitha1325

dightc1330

redec1330

windc1330

yieldc1330

dressa1375

raikc1400

winc1400

pass?a1425

get1492

tirec1540

flitch?1567

frame1576

betake1639

rely1641

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1391 (MED) Than a ryche man of Rome relyede to his byerns.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 281 (MED) Eche hadde a baner wher-to thei sholde relye [Fr. a coi il se ralieront] whan thei were medled with the saisnes.

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 18 [Priests] destitute of all place of relying vnto [errata upon].

1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 148 The King and Queene were perswaded to relie themselves to Killingworth.

1684 C. Cotton Ερωτοπολις 29 If the poor husbandman had not some private Enclosures to relie to, his case were the worst case of all the cases in the world.

†4.

a. intransitive. To trust to or unto a person or thing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)]

hopec888

believeOE

trowc1000

levec1175

strusta1250

trista1250

trestc1275

traista1300

affyc1330

assurec1374

restc1384

sover1488

confidea1525

faith1555

relyc1571

build1573

c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. i. 75 Aboute the yonge Erle were servantes and counselors..to whom he most relied.

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 168 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Cambrensis (whom herein I must relie unto) being then in Ireland.

1617 S. Ward Balme from Gilead 63 In stead of Apologies and Captation of good will, hee relies to this Fort, passeth not for mans day.

b. intransitive. To be devoted to, to relate or belong to. Also transitive (reflexive): to devote oneself to. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > be faithful or loyal to [verb (transitive)]

teemc1275

to bear faithc1300

to hold firm (to)a1340

to stick to ——1531

to stick unto ——1531

to stick by ——1533

rely1582

to summer and winter1602

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 47 Theare stands a plentiful Island Too thee dame of myrmayds, too Neptune Princelye relying.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 52 Anchises..On Gods heunlye cryeth, to ther hest with duitye relying.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1019/1 They wholie relied themselues to the reformed religion.

†5.

a. intransitive. To rest on or upon a support (literal and figurative). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (intransitive)] > be supported

rideOE

restOE

to sit upon ——1481

rely1572

stay1585

to sit on ——1605

seat1607

bottoma1640

step1791

heel1850

bed1875

1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth i. f. 41 Which..doth yet chiefely rest & relie vpon this, y^t she is to marry, or not to marry, as your Q. will, or will not.

1609 J. Davies Holy Roode sig. E1 Ah see how his most holy Hand relies Vpon his knees, to vnder-prop his Charge.

1639 J. Saltmarsh Pract. Policie Ep. Ded. sig. A4^v There your designes, your projects, may rest and relie.

1684 J. Norris Poems & Disc. 36 So to th' unthinking Boy the distant Sky Seems on some Mountain's Surface to relie.

a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 173 The Pillars on which arch'd Heav'ns rely, Were on their sev'ral Bases screw'd awry.

b. transitive. To rest (a proceeding) on something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > in or on something

to stand on ——eOE

fastc1275

found1390

to stand upon ——a1393

build1528

relya1633

found1667

base1776

premise1881

a1633 Visct. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 78 A ground-work on which he might rely his false proceedings.

6. To depend on with full trust or confidence.Now the usual sense.

a. With reference to a person or thing.

(a) intransitive. With on or upon.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)] > rely on

wrethea1225

treousec1275

resta1382

to stand upon ——a1393

hang1393

lengc1440

arrest1523

reckon1547

ground1551

stay1560

depend1563

repose1567

rely1574

count1642

to make stay upon1682

allot1816

tie1867

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)]

to set one's heart on (also (in)c825

littenc1175

leanc1230

fie1340

trusta1382

resta1393

reappose1567

repose1567

lite1570

rely1574

to set (up) one's rest1579

rely1606

to look back1646

recumba1677

to pin one's faith (also hope, etc.) on (also to) a person's sleeve1791

to look to ——1807

bank1884

1574 R. Scot Perfite Platforme of Hoppe Garden 2 I, for my part, relye not upon other mens opinions.

1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. iii. 102 The Iewes relyed much vpon the prayers of the faythfull.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 34 Such as relie too much upon them, imitate..what is worst in their workes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 84 The tender Twig shoots upward to the Skies, And on the Faith of the new Sun relies .

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 404 None of the Chinese..employed as Linguists, could be relied on.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxv. 42 Upon what part of your subjects would you rely for assistance?

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ii. 20 Can I rely upon your secresy?

1885 E. Clodd Myths & Dreams i. iv. 65 The only authority on which the Chroniclers relied was tradition.

1938 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 7 I relied not so much on conscious thought, as on what Americans call a ‘hunch’.

1976 National Geographic Mar. 309 Like its North American cousin, the peludo, or hairy armadillo, relies on a portable shield for protection.

2001 K. Sampson Outlaws (2002) 225 I thought I could've relied on Stan, at least.

(b) intransitive. With in. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)]

to set one's heart on (also (in)c825

littenc1175

leanc1230

fie1340

trusta1382

resta1393

reappose1567

repose1567

lite1570

rely1574

to set (up) one's rest1579

rely1606

to look back1646

recumba1677

to pin one's faith (also hope, etc.) on (also to) a person's sleeve1791

to look to ——1807

bank1884

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. v. 24 Those aides and asistances..in which they for the most part trusted and relyed.

1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa II. i. vi. 186 Asdruball plac'd his Gaulls (in whome he least rely'd) in the left wing.

1730 in H. Fielding Temple Beau (Epil.) sig. G Spight of all the Strength which Men rely in, We very rarely fall—without complying.

1875 G. W. Dasent Vikings III. 312 If there was anyone in whom he might think he could rely, it was Kark, his thrall.

1996 K. Sangari & S. Vaid in K. Jayawardena & M. De Alwis Embodied Violence 233 A landed aristocracy..in whose loyalty they could rely in all circumstances.

b. With reference to a fact or statement.

(a) intransitive. With on or upon.

ΚΠ

1641 Arguments Sir R. Hutton & Sir G. Croke i. 18 These are the Statutes whereupon I relie that this charge cannot be laid upon the Subject by this Writ onely without the aide of some act of Parliament.

1796 A. Seward Lett. (1811) IV. 189 She, not aware of his moleism, relied upon it that all was well.

1844 W. E. Gladstone in Q. Rev. Dec. 185 For Mr. Ward may rely upon it that, whether or not he will allow belief to appeal to the understanding, unbelief will appeal to it.

1858 C. Dickens Let. 19 Dec. (1995) VIII. 723 You and it will travel thither in company, rely upon it.

1932 Times 26 Nov. 17/3 The shareholders might rely upon it that the board of directors whom they had elected would spare no endeavours.

2003 E. Noble Reading Group 396 He always got you home—you could rely on that if you wanted to get completely bladdered.

†(b) intransitive. With dependent clause. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1778 S. Deane Let. 15 Sept. in B. Franklin Papers (1987) XXVI. 408 Having sent Duplicates by three different Vessels I rely some one of them will arrive.

1809 Germain Lavie in G. Rose's Diary & Corr. I. 260 You may rely that any communications you may be pleased to make to me shall be held sacred.

1824 J. S. Johnston Let. 16 Sept. in H. Clay Papers (1963) III. 841 I rely they will be faithful.

†7.

a. intransitive. To adhere to another. Also transitive (reflexive): to associate oneself with another. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate for common purpose [verb (reflexive)]

ally?a1400

fellowc1425

accompanya1470

associatea1513

band1530

confederate1531

join1535

rely1577

interleague1590

bandy1597

colleague1599

identify1780

solidarize1888

1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 77/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Kildare cleauing to Yorke, and Ormond relying to Lancaster.

1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 745 My purpose was to haue relyed my selfe with Menatonon.

b. intransitive. To be a vassal or subject of another. Cf. relieve v. 10a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serve feudal superior [verb (transitive)] > be vassal of

rely1586

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of or hold as tenant [verb (transitive)] > hold of or from another

holdc1275

rely1586

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 622 Princes, Dukes..who possesse..Townes, Castles, with vassals holding and relying of [Fr. releuans de] them by fealtie and homage.

1591 J. Harington Life Ariosto in tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso 418 For countries sake, and of his gratefull nature he was euer relying of the duke of Ferrara.

†8. transitive. With on, upon, in. To entrust (one's faith, soul, etc.) to a person or thing. Also reflexive. Obsolete.Common in the early 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > entrust to another

recommandc1380

putc1390

recommendc1405

lippenc1480

rely1585

recommit1658

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. i. 6 It hath beene the practise of all the defenders of the truth since the beginning to relie their faith onely vpon the Scripture and written word.

1591 W. Perkins Found. Christ. Relig. (new ed.) v. sig. C3^v He may rely himselfe on Gods prouidence for all the meanes of this temporall life.

1612 W. Fennor Cornu-copiæ 96 No faith her husband doth in her relie.

1617 R. Fenton Treat. Church Rome 38 Should wee relye our soules upon so narrow, so new, and so perplexed a divine?

1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Wks. xlviii. 362 I acknowledge.., that I healed none, but deluded as many as relyed themselves on my Ignorance.

†9. intransitive. To rest or consist in something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > exist in or be situated in

standOE

to have placea1398

exist1585

rely1591

subsist1593

to find place1598

seat1604

rulec1654

1591 R. Wilmot Tancred & Gismund ii. iii. sig. C2 In her message doth relie my smart.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xv. 300 The naturall Philosophers..hold, that a man receiueth the conditions of his soule, at the time of his forming..; but not his substance, wherein the whole life relieth.

1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 60 Therein relies the very glory of the Godhead of Christ.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rely
释义	relyv.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈlʌɪ/, U.S. /rəˈlaɪ/, /riˈlaɪ/ Forms: Middle English–1600s relie, Middle English–1600s relye, Middle English– rely; Scottish pre-1700 relay, pre-1700 rele, pre-1700 relie, pre-1700 relye, pre-1700 1700s– rely. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French relier. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman relier to rally, reassemble (12th cent.; also intransitive), to join up (with) (14th cent. or earlier), to base or concentrate (something on something) (14th cent. or earlier), (in legal use) to bind as to consequences, to rebind, warranty (14th cent. or earlier), specific senses (partly as a result of association with ralier , rallier rally v.¹) of Anglo-Norman and Middle French relier to attach or bind together (12th cent. in Old French), to put back together (c1330), to connect, put together (15th cent.) < classical Latin religāre religate v. Compare Old Occitan reliar to attach. With senses 1, 2, and 3 compare later rally v.¹ Senses 4, 5, 6, 8, 7, and 9 (which are all of broadly similar date) probably developed from the earlier senses in English (compare especially sense 3b), although compare also the spec. senses in Anglo-Norman. †1. a. transitive (reflexive). To come together for a second or subsequent time; to rally. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3094 (MED) Þe Sarsyns relied hymen ageyn & meteþ with our barouns. a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 13844 (MED) Þe Romayns perceyued þer bataille hard, & relyed þem [Fr. se rasamblerent] to þe standard. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 468/2 in Chron. I The manfull courage of the earl of Warwike..whereby he caused them to stay, and relie themselves agayne. 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. ii. ii. 51 A few of the Liegeois after they were put to flight relied themselues togither at their cariage. b. transitive. To gather (soldiers, followers, etc.) together; to assemble, to rally (others). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (transitive)] > rally rely?a1400 re-allyc1485 re-enforce1594 retire1596 rally1600 rallier1619 steady1901 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (reflexive)] > specifically of people or animals > again rely?a1400 reassociatea1513 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 317 (MED) Of knyght & of burgeis an oste he did relie. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 16889 (MED) Pantasalie..hir men relies. a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 1001 (MED) His folk he relyed hym [v.r. þam] to, ffor to assay eft what þey might do. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxxiii. 186 Rogier relyed his lytil felawship And cam deffendyng hym toward the toun. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 34 His men till him he gan rely. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 553 The Duke..cried his signe with high voyce and relyed his peple [Fr. ralie sa gent] a-boute hym. 1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. E2^v To armes in hast, K. Iohn relyes his men. 1609 T. Heywood tr. Sallust Hist. Warre of Iugurth xv. 50 in tr. Sallust Two Worthy & Notable Hist. He gathered his scattered Troopes into one Battallion: hee relyeth the rankes, and faceth the aduerse footmen. c. intransitive. To assemble, to rally. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (intransitive)] > rally recoverc1330 rely?a1400 relievec1425 re-allyc1485 rally1599 reconcentrate1884 regroupa1944 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 224 To Lyncoln þei drowe, & þer þei suld relie. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1882 Thane relyez þe renkez of þe rounde table. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xx. 440 The chasseris turnyt agayn Thai relyit [1487 St. John's Cambr. relevit] with mekill mayn. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 393 (MED) Whan these saugh hem comynge, thei relien and closed hem to-geder. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 2540 The furriouris out at ane syde Togidder relyit was that tyde. †2. Hunting. a. intransitive. Perhaps: to rally a hunting-party by means of a horn. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 108 If eny hound hapne to fynde of the kyng, he shuld hue to hym bi his name and saie loude..‘assemble, assemble’, and jopeye and relie. c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 95 (MED) As ofte as he fyndeþ þe fues..he shal..relie wiþ his horn. b. intransitive. Of hounds: to return to an assembly point or resting place. Cf. sense 3b. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 58 (MED) Thay hunte and halowes, in holttis and hillys, And tille þaire riste raches relyes [v.r. releues] one þaire raye. †3. intransitive. With preposition indicating direction of movement. a. To rally against an enemy; to attack. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] > rally to attack relyc1425 c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 12620 The Troyens sone that aspied, And to the Gregeis thei..relied. a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander 3745 The Turkis agane on thame relyid. b. To rally or retire to one's friends or to a certain place. Also transitive (reflexive). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > cause to move back [verb (transitive)] > withdraw into relyc1440 resort1471 recoil?1473 society > travel > [verb (reflexive)] wendeOE meteOE drawc1175 flitc1175 do?c1225 kenc1275 teemc1275 movec1300 graitha1325 dightc1330 redec1330 windc1330 yieldc1330 dressa1375 raikc1400 winc1400 pass?a1425 get1492 tirec1540 flitch?1567 frame1576 betake1639 rely1641 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1391 (MED) Than a ryche man of Rome relyede to his byerns. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 281 (MED) Eche hadde a baner wher-to thei sholde relye [Fr. a coi il se ralieront] whan thei were medled with the saisnes. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 18 [Priests] destitute of all place of relying vnto [errata upon]. 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 148 The King and Queene were perswaded to relie themselves to Killingworth. 1684 C. Cotton Ερωτοπολις 29 If the poor husbandman had not some private Enclosures to relie to, his case were the worst case of all the cases in the world. †4. a. intransitive. To trust to or unto a person or thing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)] hopec888 believeOE trowc1000 levec1175 strusta1250 trista1250 trestc1275 traista1300 affyc1330 assurec1374 restc1384 sover1488 confidea1525 faith1555 relyc1571 build1573 c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. i. 75 Aboute the yonge Erle were servantes and counselors..to whom he most relied. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 168 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Cambrensis (whom herein I must relie unto) being then in Ireland. 1617 S. Ward Balme from Gilead 63 In stead of Apologies and Captation of good will, hee relies to this Fort, passeth not for mans day. b. intransitive. To be devoted to, to relate or belong to. Also transitive (reflexive): to devote oneself to. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > be faithful or loyal to [verb (transitive)] teemc1275 to bear faithc1300 to hold firm (to)a1340 to stick to ——1531 to stick unto ——1531 to stick by ——1533 rely1582 to summer and winter1602 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 47 Theare stands a plentiful Island Too thee dame of myrmayds, too Neptune Princelye relying. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 52 Anchises..On Gods heunlye cryeth, to ther hest with duitye relying. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1019/1 They wholie relied themselues to the reformed religion. †5. a. intransitive. To rest on or upon a support (literal and figurative). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (intransitive)] > be supported rideOE restOE to sit upon ——1481 rely1572 stay1585 to sit on ——1605 seat1607 bottoma1640 step1791 heel1850 bed1875 1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth i. f. 41 Which..doth yet chiefely rest & relie vpon this, y^t she is to marry, or not to marry, as your Q. will, or will not. 1609 J. Davies Holy Roode sig. E1 Ah see how his most holy Hand relies Vpon his knees, to vnder-prop his Charge. 1639 J. Saltmarsh Pract. Policie Ep. Ded. sig. A4^v There your designes, your projects, may rest and relie. 1684 J. Norris Poems & Disc. 36 So to th' unthinking Boy the distant Sky Seems on some Mountain's Surface to relie. a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 173 The Pillars on which arch'd Heav'ns rely, Were on their sev'ral Bases screw'd awry. b. transitive. To rest (a proceeding) on something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > in or on something to stand on ——eOE fastc1275 found1390 to stand upon ——a1393 build1528 relya1633 found1667 base1776 premise1881 a1633 Visct. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 78 A ground-work on which he might rely his false proceedings. 6. To depend on with full trust or confidence.Now the usual sense. a. With reference to a person or thing. (a) intransitive. With on or upon. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)] > rely on wrethea1225 treousec1275 resta1382 to stand upon ——a1393 hang1393 lengc1440 arrest1523 reckon1547 ground1551 stay1560 depend1563 repose1567 rely1574 count1642 to make stay upon1682 allot1816 tie1867 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] to set one's heart on (also (in)c825 littenc1175 leanc1230 fie1340 trusta1382 resta1393 reappose1567 repose1567 lite1570 rely1574 to set (up) one's rest1579 rely1606 to look back1646 recumba1677 to pin one's faith (also hope, etc.) on (also to) a person's sleeve1791 to look to ——1807 bank1884 1574 R. Scot Perfite Platforme of Hoppe Garden 2 I, for my part, relye not upon other mens opinions. 1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. iii. 102 The Iewes relyed much vpon the prayers of the faythfull. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 34 Such as relie too much upon them, imitate..what is worst in their workes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 84 The tender Twig shoots upward to the Skies, And on the Faith of the new Sun relies . View more context for this quotation 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 404 None of the Chinese..employed as Linguists, could be relied on. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxv. 42 Upon what part of your subjects would you rely for assistance? 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ii. 20 Can I rely upon your secresy? 1885 E. Clodd Myths & Dreams i. iv. 65 The only authority on which the Chroniclers relied was tradition. 1938 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 7 I relied not so much on conscious thought, as on what Americans call a ‘hunch’. 1976 National Geographic Mar. 309 Like its North American cousin, the peludo, or hairy armadillo, relies on a portable shield for protection. 2001 K. Sampson Outlaws (2002) 225 I thought I could've relied on Stan, at least. (b) intransitive. With in. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] to set one's heart on (also (in)c825 littenc1175 leanc1230 fie1340 trusta1382 resta1393 reappose1567 repose1567 lite1570 rely1574 to set (up) one's rest1579 rely1606 to look back1646 recumba1677 to pin one's faith (also hope, etc.) on (also to) a person's sleeve1791 to look to ——1807 bank1884 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. v. 24 Those aides and asistances..in which they for the most part trusted and relyed. 1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa II. i. vi. 186 Asdruball plac'd his Gaulls (in whome he least rely'd) in the left wing. 1730 in H. Fielding Temple Beau (Epil.) sig. G Spight of all the Strength which Men rely in, We very rarely fall—without complying. 1875 G. W. Dasent Vikings III. 312 If there was anyone in whom he might think he could rely, it was Kark, his thrall. 1996 K. Sangari & S. Vaid in K. Jayawardena & M. De Alwis Embodied Violence 233 A landed aristocracy..in whose loyalty they could rely in all circumstances. b. With reference to a fact or statement. (a) intransitive. With on or upon. ΚΠ 1641 Arguments Sir R. Hutton & Sir G. Croke i. 18 These are the Statutes whereupon I relie that this charge cannot be laid upon the Subject by this Writ onely without the aide of some act of Parliament. 1796 A. Seward Lett. (1811) IV. 189 She, not aware of his moleism, relied upon it that all was well. 1844 W. E. Gladstone in Q. Rev. Dec. 185 For Mr. Ward may rely upon it that, whether or not he will allow belief to appeal to the understanding, unbelief will appeal to it. 1858 C. Dickens Let. 19 Dec. (1995) VIII. 723 You and it will travel thither in company, rely upon it. 1932 Times 26 Nov. 17/3 The shareholders might rely upon it that the board of directors whom they had elected would spare no endeavours. 2003 E. Noble Reading Group 396 He always got you home—you could rely on that if you wanted to get completely bladdered. †(b) intransitive. With dependent clause. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1778 S. Deane Let. 15 Sept. in B. Franklin Papers (1987) XXVI. 408 Having sent Duplicates by three different Vessels I rely some one of them will arrive. 1809 Germain Lavie in G. Rose's Diary & Corr. I. 260 You may rely that any communications you may be pleased to make to me shall be held sacred. 1824 J. S. Johnston Let. 16 Sept. in H. Clay Papers (1963) III. 841 I rely they will be faithful. †7. a. intransitive. To adhere to another. Also transitive (reflexive): to associate oneself with another. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate for common purpose [verb (reflexive)] ally?a1400 fellowc1425 accompanya1470 associatea1513 band1530 confederate1531 join1535 rely1577 interleague1590 bandy1597 colleague1599 identify1780 solidarize1888 1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 77/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Kildare cleauing to Yorke, and Ormond relying to Lancaster. 1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 745 My purpose was to haue relyed my selfe with Menatonon. b. intransitive. To be a vassal or subject of another. Cf. relieve v. 10a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serve feudal superior [verb (transitive)] > be vassal of rely1586 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of or hold as tenant [verb (transitive)] > hold of or from another holdc1275 rely1586 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 622 Princes, Dukes..who possesse..Townes, Castles, with vassals holding and relying of [Fr. releuans de] them by fealtie and homage. 1591 J. Harington Life Ariosto in tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso 418 For countries sake, and of his gratefull nature he was euer relying of the duke of Ferrara. †8. transitive. With on, upon, in. To entrust (one's faith, soul, etc.) to a person or thing. Also reflexive. Obsolete.Common in the early 17th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > entrust to another recommandc1380 putc1390 recommendc1405 lippenc1480 rely1585 recommit1658 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. i. 6 It hath beene the practise of all the defenders of the truth since the beginning to relie their faith onely vpon the Scripture and written word. 1591 W. Perkins Found. Christ. Relig. (new ed.) v. sig. C3^v He may rely himselfe on Gods prouidence for all the meanes of this temporall life. 1612 W. Fennor Cornu-copiæ 96 No faith her husband doth in her relie. 1617 R. Fenton Treat. Church Rome 38 Should wee relye our soules upon so narrow, so new, and so perplexed a divine? 1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Wks. xlviii. 362 I acknowledge.., that I healed none, but deluded as many as relyed themselves on my Ignorance. †9. intransitive. To rest or consist in something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > exist in or be situated in standOE to have placea1398 exist1585 rely1591 subsist1593 to find place1598 seat1604 rulec1654 1591 R. Wilmot Tancred & Gismund ii. iii. sig. C2 In her message doth relie my smart. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xv. 300 The naturall Philosophers..hold, that a man receiueth the conditions of his soule, at the time of his forming..; but not his substance, wherein the whole life relieth. 1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 60 Therein relies the very glory of the Godhead of Christ. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † relyv.² Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymon: French relier. Etymology: Probably < Anglo-Norman or Middle French relier rely v.¹ (compare senses listed at that entry), and hence an etymological doublet of rely v.¹ Derivation < an unattested Middle French form releier < classical Latin relēgāre* relegate v. seems less likely. Obsolete. rare. transitive. Perhaps: to assign. ΚΠ c1440 (?a1400) St. John Evangelist (Thornton) 6 in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 97 (MED) Louede be þou, lufely, lugede in lyghte; To life ay in lykynge þat lorde the relyede, That in Bedleme was borne of a byrde bryghte. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.¹c1380v.²c1440
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† relyv.²