renaladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈriːnl/, U.S.

/ˈrin(ə)l/

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rénal; Latin renalis.

Etymology: < French rénal (1314 in Middle French) or its etymon post-classical Latin renalis of the kidneys (5th cent.) < classical Latin rēnēs (plural) kidneys (see reins n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹.

A. adj.

Of or relating to the kidney(s).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney

nephritic1580

nephritical1638

renal1656

suprarenal1791

cardiorenal1854

paranephritic1857

adrenal1863

perirenal1867

renovesical1868

perinephritic1877

renopericardial1883

lieno-renal1887

nephric1887

perinephric1890

interrenal1893

paranephric1897

1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Vein Renal veins, the kidney veins.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Renal Artery, is said by some, to come out of the Aorta, and to enter into the Kidneys.

1721 W. Gibson Farriers Dispensatory i. i. 27 By its extraordinary detersive Quality, it scours and cleanses the renal Passages.

1788 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 357 The renal capsules had undergone no change.

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 309 The Renal arteries are two large trunks given off from the sides of the aorta.

1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) v. 105 The renal excretion has naturally an acid reaction.

1928 S. R. Damon Food Infections & Food Intoxications viii. 105 Tests of renal function..should be made.

1963 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 645/2 (heading) Renal transplantation in man: a report of five cases, using cadaveric donors.

1992 Independent 4 Aug. 13/1 Evidence exists that shoemakers and oil refinery workers who come into contact with certain solvents suffer renal damage.

2008 Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 7/2 The group all ate Cortinarius speciosissimus, a rare species..that can cause renal failure.

B. n.

A renal blood vessel; esp. a renal artery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > artery > [noun] > specific artery

arterial vein?c1425

adorthy1525

subethal1525

temporal?1541

veiny artery1543

share artery1545

aorta1594

cephalic artery1599

subclavia1615

venous artery1650

subclavicular1656

pulmonary1707

cœliac artery or axis1713

renal1721

radial1723

carotid1741

ranine1753

femoral1754

hypogastric1774

iliac1782

pudical1803

articular1808

pudic1824

anonyma1832

internal mammary1835–6

iliac artery1840

transverse artery1842

innominate artery1866

innominate1879

thyroid axis1881

hyoid1883

medicerebral1889

coronary1893

1721 tr. L. Heister Compend. Anat. 123 These are large Arteries and Veins, call'd Emulgents and Renals [L. renales].

1839 V. Flood Surg. Anat. Arteries 171 Lastly, Meckel has seen the two renals arise by a common trunk from the front of the aorta.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 274 In ten [cases] the upper extremity lay between the inferior mesenteric and the renals.

1965 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 109 418/1 Linear aortic repairs in the abdominal aorta below the renals were performed using the same nonsuture technic.

2007 Jrnl. Vascular Surg. 45 668/1 Cold perfusion to the renals was used when the hemodynamics of the patient permitted.

Compounds

renal calculus n. see calculus n. 1.

renal colic n. very severe colicky pain caused by the movement of a stone (or, rarely, other material) in the pelvis of the kidney or in the ureter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in kidney

nephralgia1800

renal colic1808

Dietl's crisis1897

1808 Jrnl. Nat. Philos., Chem., & Arts June 104 It is celebrated for the property ascribed to it by the Eastern nations of curing the renal colic.

1901 H. Morris Surg. Dis. Kidney & Ureter II. xxiv. 81 A calculus either may remain fixed in the kidney substance or in a calyx, or may occupy the renal pelvis, within which it can move about, or it may migrate along the ureter towards the bladder. In either of the latter conditions it will probably give rise to renal colic.

2001 J. Le Fanu They don't know what's Wrong xi. 180 My consultant says the pain ‘is entirely consistent with renal colic’.

renal corpuscle n. Anatomy the roughly spherical structure forming the origin of the functional unit (nephron) of the kidney, which consists of a glomerulus surrounded by a cup-like expansion of the proximal part of a tubule, and in which the initial filtration leading to the production of urine occurs.

ΚΠ

1872 H. Power tr. C. Ludwig in Stricker's Man. Human & Compar. Histol. II. xxi. 85 Every tubulus uriniferus commences in the labyrinth by means of a spheroidal enlargement, which constitutes the capsule of a renal corpuscle [Ger. Nierenkorn] or glomerulus.

1965 F. Gerrard Macgregor's Struct. Meat Animals (ed. 2) ix. 164 The granular portion of the cortex of each lobe consists almost entirely of convoluted uriniferous tubules, capillary blood-vessels and renal corpuscles.

1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iv. 46/2 The mesonephros consists of a number of renal corpuscles, each composed of a glomerulus surrounded by a Bowman's capsule.

renal dialysis n. dialysis performed as a substitute for kidney function.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > [noun] > dialysis

dialysis1944

peritoneal dialysis1946

haemodialysis1947

renal dialysis1960

maintenance dialysis1966

maintenance haemodialysis1968

1960 Lancet 3 Sept. 527/1 Renal dialysis is only one aspect of the treatment of renal or hepatic failure.

1974 Times 17 Apr. 2/8 If kidneys for transplant were available many people maintained by expensive renal dialysis machines could be given a fuller life.

2000 Econ. Affairs 20 56/3 In such circumstances it may be that interventions like renal dialysis and cancer or cardiac surgery will be less effective.

renal dwarfism n. Medicine renal osteodystrophy; stunting of growth associated with this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > diseases characterized by

glandular fever1725

adenosis1848

Addison's disease1856

Hodgkin's disease1865

Addisonism1906

adrenalism1910

renal infantilism1912

infectious mononucleosis1915

renal dwarfism1919

renal rickets1926

Sjögren's disease or syndrome1938

1919 Lancet 13 Dec. 1111/2 Dr. Hugh Barber: Two cases of Renal Dwarfism, with Genu Valgum.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xvii. 464 Renal rickets is usually associated with fibrotic kidneys and general stunting of growth, or renal dwarfism.

1996 Biol. Neonate 70 328 Five children had major handicaps diagnosed before 3 years of age (4 cerebral palsies following severe neonatal brain lesions and 1 severe retardation with renal dwarfism).

renal infantilism n. Medicine (now rare) = renal dwarfism n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > diseases characterized by

glandular fever1725

adenosis1848

Addison's disease1856

Hodgkin's disease1865

Addisonism1906

adrenalism1910

renal infantilism1912

infectious mononucleosis1915

renal dwarfism1919

renal rickets1926

Sjögren's disease or syndrome1938

1912 O. May in Univ. Coll. Hosp. Mag. 2 99 (heading) A case of ‘renal infantilism’.

1930 Lancet 10 May 1002/2 Cases of cœliac rickets and renal infantilism only occasionally show rickets.

1957 Brit. Med. Bull. 13 57/2 The terms ‘renal dwarfism’, ‘renal infantilism’ and ‘renal rickets’, although obviously not invariably applicable, were apt in their original use.

renal osteodystrophy n. Medicine a disorder of bone resembling rickets, osteomalacia, or osteitis fibrosa, occurring in individuals with chronic renal failure.

ΚΠ

1932 Standard Classified Nomencl. Dis. (National Conf. Nomencl. Dis.) 118 Diseases due to disorders of metabolism, growth or nutrition... Renal osteodystrophy.

1962 Lancet 2 June 1169/1 More common..is the form associated with renal failure which was at one time called ‘renal rickets’..but which is now more elegantly referred to as ‘renal osteodystrophy’.

2002 M. R. London in A. S. Ryan Guide Careers Physical Anthropol. xvi. 273 I learned that people with kidney failure develop pathological conditions of the bones (renal osteodystrophy).

renal papilla n. [after post-classical Latin papillae renales, plural (1734 in the passage translated in quot. 1744)] Anatomy the rounded tip of a pyramid of the kidney.

ΚΠ

1744 tr. H. Boerhaave Acad. Lect. Theory Physic III. 98 Now the renal Papillæ..distil the Urine.

1833 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 39 34 This fluid, however, I have also expressed from the renal papillae of persons dead of other diseases.

1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World v. 100 The renal papillae and the urinary bladder can resorb water for recirculation in the animal's body.

2008 Jrnl. Urol. 179 47/2 Calcium oxalate deposits and tissue injury were noted on the renal papillae.

renal pelvis n. Anatomy = pelvis n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney > parts of

pelvis1679

renal pelvis1757

suprarenal1798

Malpighian body1842

Malpighian capsule1842

Malpighian tuft1842

Malpighian corpuscle1848

adrenal1863

zona fasciculata1874

zona glomerulosa1874

zona reticularis1874

Bowman's capsule1882

Malpighian pyramid1889

fore-kidney1892

spongiocyte1930

mesangium1934

lacis1961

lacis cell1962

nephron1965

1757 C. N. Jenty Course Anatomico-physiol. Lect. II. xi. 194 We..see the Representation of the Ureters dilated to above an Inch Diameter near the renal Pelvis.

1849 S. G. Morton Illustr. Syst. Human Anat. 336 The renal pelvis is divided into three compartments called calices.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xiii. 413 Within the substance of the kidney, the ureter..expands into a cavity, the renal pelvis, into which the collecting tubules drain.

renal portal vein n. Zoology (in non-mammalian vertebrates) a large portal vein carrying blood from the posterior part of the body to a network of capillaries surrounding the tubules of the kidney.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > vein passing into kidney

renal portal vein1856

reniportal vein1866

1842 W. Bowman in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 132 65 The comparison between the hepatic and renal portal circulation may be thus drawn.]

1856 N.Y. Jrnl. Med. July 63 In serpents the kidney not only receives a renal artery, but also a large renal portal vein, or veins.

1937 J. S. McDowall Handbk. Physiol. & Biochem. (ed. 35) xxxvi. 554 The kidney [of the frog] is then supplied only by the renal portal vein, a vessel which goes to the tubules only.

2002 Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 54 797/2 Blood from the external iliac vein..can be forced into the renal portal vein when the [renal portal] valve is closed.

renal rickets n. Medicine = renal osteodystrophy n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > diseases characterized by

glandular fever1725

adenosis1848

Addison's disease1856

Hodgkin's disease1865

Addisonism1906

adrenalism1910

renal infantilism1912

infectious mononucleosis1915

renal dwarfism1919

renal rickets1926

Sjögren's disease or syndrome1938

1926 G. V. Ashcroft in Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. 8 279 Renal rickets is a disease not mentioned in medical text-books.

1930 Lancet 10 May 1002/2 Two conditions associated with bone deformities have been differentiated from late rickets—namely, cœliac rickets and renal rickets.

1957 Brit. Med. Bull. 13 57/2 The terms ‘renal dwarfism’, ‘renal infantilism’ and ‘renal rickets’, although obviously not invariably applicable, were apt in their original use.

2008 Cancer Treatm. Rev. 34 631/2 Elevated BALP [= bone-specific alkaline phosphatase] levels occur in Paget's disease, renal rickets, bone cancer, [etc.].

renal tubule n. Anatomy the long, tortuous, tubular structure forming the functional unit (nephron) of the kidney; esp. the portion in which reabsorption, as opposed to filtration, occurs (cf. renal corpuscle n.).

ΚΠ

1847 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 68 485 The infiltration of fat or oil into the epithelial cells of the renal tubules.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 848 The posterior pituitary also has a powerful anti-diuretic action, preventing diuresis and causing an absorption of water from the glomerular filtrate by the renal tubules.

1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxxiii. 337 The thiazide diuretics act at a different site on the renal tubule than either the loop diuretics or potassium-sparing diuretics.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	renal
释义	renaladj.n. Brit. /ˈriːnl/, U.S. /ˈrin(ə)l/ Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rénal; Latin renalis. Etymology: < French rénal (1314 in Middle French) or its etymon post-classical Latin renalis of the kidneys (5th cent.) < classical Latin rēnēs (plural) kidneys (see reins n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. A. adj. Of or relating to the kidney(s). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney nephritic1580 nephritical1638 renal1656 suprarenal1791 suprarenal1791 cardiorenal1854 paranephritic1857 adrenal1863 perirenal1867 renovesical1868 perinephritic1877 renopericardial1883 lieno-renal1887 nephric1887 perinephric1890 interrenal1893 paranephric1897 1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Vein Renal veins, the kidney veins. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Renal Artery, is said by some, to come out of the Aorta, and to enter into the Kidneys. 1721 W. Gibson Farriers Dispensatory i. i. 27 By its extraordinary detersive Quality, it scours and cleanses the renal Passages. 1788 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 357 The renal capsules had undergone no change. 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 309 The Renal arteries are two large trunks given off from the sides of the aorta. 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) v. 105 The renal excretion has naturally an acid reaction. 1928 S. R. Damon Food Infections & Food Intoxications viii. 105 Tests of renal function..should be made. 1963 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 645/2 (heading) Renal transplantation in man: a report of five cases, using cadaveric donors. 1992 Independent 4 Aug. 13/1 Evidence exists that shoemakers and oil refinery workers who come into contact with certain solvents suffer renal damage. 2008 Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 7/2 The group all ate Cortinarius speciosissimus, a rare species..that can cause renal failure. B. n. A renal blood vessel; esp. a renal artery. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > artery > [noun] > specific artery arterial vein?c1425 adorthy1525 subethal1525 temporal?1541 veiny artery1543 share artery1545 aorta1594 cephalic artery1599 subclavia1615 venous artery1650 subclavicular1656 pulmonary1707 cœliac artery or axis1713 renal1721 radial1723 carotid1741 ranine1753 femoral1754 hypogastric1774 iliac1782 pudical1803 articular1808 pudic1824 anonyma1832 internal mammary1835–6 iliac artery1840 transverse artery1842 innominate artery1866 innominate1879 thyroid axis1881 hyoid1883 medicerebral1889 coronary1893 1721 tr. L. Heister Compend. Anat. 123 These are large Arteries and Veins, call'd Emulgents and Renals [L. renales]. 1839 V. Flood Surg. Anat. Arteries 171 Lastly, Meckel has seen the two renals arise by a common trunk from the front of the aorta. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 274 In ten [cases] the upper extremity lay between the inferior mesenteric and the renals. 1965 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 109 418/1 Linear aortic repairs in the abdominal aorta below the renals were performed using the same nonsuture technic. 2007 Jrnl. Vascular Surg. 45 668/1 Cold perfusion to the renals was used when the hemodynamics of the patient permitted. Compounds renal calculus n. see calculus n. 1. renal colic n. very severe colicky pain caused by the movement of a stone (or, rarely, other material) in the pelvis of the kidney or in the ureter. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in kidney nephralgia1800 renal colic1808 Dietl's crisis1897 1808 Jrnl. Nat. Philos., Chem., & Arts June 104 It is celebrated for the property ascribed to it by the Eastern nations of curing the renal colic. 1901 H. Morris Surg. Dis. Kidney & Ureter II. xxiv. 81 A calculus either may remain fixed in the kidney substance or in a calyx, or may occupy the renal pelvis, within which it can move about, or it may migrate along the ureter towards the bladder. In either of the latter conditions it will probably give rise to renal colic. 2001 J. Le Fanu They don't know what's Wrong xi. 180 My consultant says the pain ‘is entirely consistent with renal colic’. renal corpuscle n. Anatomy the roughly spherical structure forming the origin of the functional unit (nephron) of the kidney, which consists of a glomerulus surrounded by a cup-like expansion of the proximal part of a tubule, and in which the initial filtration leading to the production of urine occurs. ΚΠ 1872 H. Power tr. C. Ludwig in Stricker's Man. Human & Compar. Histol. II. xxi. 85 Every tubulus uriniferus commences in the labyrinth by means of a spheroidal enlargement, which constitutes the capsule of a renal corpuscle [Ger. Nierenkorn] or glomerulus. 1965 F. Gerrard Macgregor's Struct. Meat Animals (ed. 2) ix. 164 The granular portion of the cortex of each lobe consists almost entirely of convoluted uriniferous tubules, capillary blood-vessels and renal corpuscles. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iv. 46/2 The mesonephros consists of a number of renal corpuscles, each composed of a glomerulus surrounded by a Bowman's capsule. renal dialysis n. dialysis performed as a substitute for kidney function. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > [noun] > dialysis dialysis1944 peritoneal dialysis1946 haemodialysis1947 renal dialysis1960 maintenance dialysis1966 maintenance haemodialysis1968 1960 Lancet 3 Sept. 527/1 Renal dialysis is only one aspect of the treatment of renal or hepatic failure. 1974 Times 17 Apr. 2/8 If kidneys for transplant were available many people maintained by expensive renal dialysis machines could be given a fuller life. 2000 Econ. Affairs 20 56/3 In such circumstances it may be that interventions like renal dialysis and cancer or cardiac surgery will be less effective. renal dwarfism n. Medicine renal osteodystrophy; stunting of growth associated with this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > diseases characterized by glandular fever1725 adenosis1848 Addison's disease1856 Hodgkin's disease1865 Addisonism1906 adrenalism1910 renal infantilism1912 infectious mononucleosis1915 renal dwarfism1919 renal rickets1926 Sjögren's disease or syndrome1938 1919 Lancet 13 Dec. 1111/2 Dr. Hugh Barber: Two cases of Renal Dwarfism, with Genu Valgum. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xvii. 464 Renal rickets is usually associated with fibrotic kidneys and general stunting of growth, or renal dwarfism. 1996 Biol. Neonate 70 328 Five children had major handicaps diagnosed before 3 years of age (4 cerebral palsies following severe neonatal brain lesions and 1 severe retardation with renal dwarfism). renal infantilism n. Medicine (now rare) = renal dwarfism n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > diseases characterized by glandular fever1725 adenosis1848 Addison's disease1856 Hodgkin's disease1865 Addisonism1906 adrenalism1910 renal infantilism1912 infectious mononucleosis1915 renal dwarfism1919 renal rickets1926 Sjögren's disease or syndrome1938 1912 O. May in Univ. Coll. Hosp. Mag. 2 99 (heading) A case of ‘renal infantilism’. 1930 Lancet 10 May 1002/2 Cases of cœliac rickets and renal infantilism only occasionally show rickets. 1957 Brit. Med. Bull. 13 57/2 The terms ‘renal dwarfism’, ‘renal infantilism’ and ‘renal rickets’, although obviously not invariably applicable, were apt in their original use. renal osteodystrophy n. Medicine a disorder of bone resembling rickets, osteomalacia, or osteitis fibrosa, occurring in individuals with chronic renal failure. ΚΠ 1932 Standard Classified Nomencl. Dis. (National Conf. Nomencl. Dis.) 118 Diseases due to disorders of metabolism, growth or nutrition... Renal osteodystrophy. 1962 Lancet 2 June 1169/1 More common..is the form associated with renal failure which was at one time called ‘renal rickets’..but which is now more elegantly referred to as ‘renal osteodystrophy’. 2002 M. R. London in A. S. Ryan Guide Careers Physical Anthropol. xvi. 273 I learned that people with kidney failure develop pathological conditions of the bones (renal osteodystrophy). renal papilla n. [after post-classical Latin papillae renales, plural (1734 in the passage translated in quot. 1744)] Anatomy the rounded tip of a pyramid of the kidney. ΚΠ 1744 tr. H. Boerhaave Acad. Lect. Theory Physic III. 98 Now the renal Papillæ..distil the Urine. 1833 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 39 34 This fluid, however, I have also expressed from the renal papillae of persons dead of other diseases. 1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World v. 100 The renal papillae and the urinary bladder can resorb water for recirculation in the animal's body. 2008 Jrnl. Urol. 179 47/2 Calcium oxalate deposits and tissue injury were noted on the renal papillae. renal pelvis n. Anatomy = pelvis n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney > parts of pelvis1679 renal pelvis1757 suprarenal1798 Malpighian body1842 Malpighian capsule1842 Malpighian tuft1842 Malpighian corpuscle1848 adrenal1863 zona fasciculata1874 zona glomerulosa1874 zona reticularis1874 Bowman's capsule1882 Malpighian pyramid1889 fore-kidney1892 spongiocyte1930 mesangium1934 lacis1961 lacis cell1962 nephron1965 1757 C. N. Jenty Course Anatomico-physiol. Lect. II. xi. 194 We..see the Representation of the Ureters dilated to above an Inch Diameter near the renal Pelvis. 1849 S. G. Morton Illustr. Syst. Human Anat. 336 The renal pelvis is divided into three compartments called calices. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xiii. 413 Within the substance of the kidney, the ureter..expands into a cavity, the renal pelvis, into which the collecting tubules drain. renal portal vein n. Zoology (in non-mammalian vertebrates) a large portal vein carrying blood from the posterior part of the body to a network of capillaries surrounding the tubules of the kidney. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > vein passing into kidney renal portal vein1856 reniportal vein1866 1842 W. Bowman in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 132 65 The comparison between the hepatic and renal portal circulation may be thus drawn.] 1856 N.Y. Jrnl. Med. July 63 In serpents the kidney not only receives a renal artery, but also a large renal portal vein, or veins. 1937 J. S. McDowall Handbk. Physiol. & Biochem. (ed. 35) xxxvi. 554 The kidney [of the frog] is then supplied only by the renal portal vein, a vessel which goes to the tubules only. 2002 Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 54 797/2 Blood from the external iliac vein..can be forced into the renal portal vein when the [renal portal] valve is closed. renal rickets n. Medicine = renal osteodystrophy n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > diseases characterized by glandular fever1725 adenosis1848 Addison's disease1856 Hodgkin's disease1865 Addisonism1906 adrenalism1910 renal infantilism1912 infectious mononucleosis1915 renal dwarfism1919 renal rickets1926 Sjögren's disease or syndrome1938 1926 G. V. Ashcroft in Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. 8 279 Renal rickets is a disease not mentioned in medical text-books. 1930 Lancet 10 May 1002/2 Two conditions associated with bone deformities have been differentiated from late rickets—namely, cœliac rickets and renal rickets. 1957 Brit. Med. Bull. 13 57/2 The terms ‘renal dwarfism’, ‘renal infantilism’ and ‘renal rickets’, although obviously not invariably applicable, were apt in their original use. 2008 Cancer Treatm. Rev. 34 631/2 Elevated BALP [= bone-specific alkaline phosphatase] levels occur in Paget's disease, renal rickets, bone cancer, [etc.]. renal tubule n. Anatomy the long, tortuous, tubular structure forming the functional unit (nephron) of the kidney; esp. the portion in which reabsorption, as opposed to filtration, occurs (cf. renal corpuscle n.). ΚΠ 1847 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 68 485 The infiltration of fat or oil into the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 848 The posterior pituitary also has a powerful anti-diuretic action, preventing diuresis and causing an absorption of water from the glomerular filtrate by the renal tubules. 1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxxiii. 337 The thiazide diuretics act at a different site on the renal tubule than either the loop diuretics or potassium-sparing diuretics. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1656
随便看	θ234990 θ234991 θ234992 θ234993 θ234994 θ234995 θ234996 θ234997 θ234998 θ234999 θ235 θ2350 θ23500 θ235000 θ235001 θ235002 θ235003 θ235004 θ42875 θ42876 θ42877 θ42878 θ42879 θ4288 θ42880