repressionn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈprɛʃn/, U.S.

/rəˈprɛʃ(ə)n/,

/riˈprɛʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English represcioun, late Middle English repressioun, late Middle English– repression.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin repression-, repressio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin repression-, repressio suppression (4th cent.), restraint (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin repress- , past participial stem of reprimere repress v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French repression (1482; French répression), Catalan repressió (a1418), Spanish represión (1495 or earlier), Portuguese repressão (1785), Italian repressione (a1498).In sense 2c after German Verdrängung in this sense in the terminology of Sigmund Freud (1895 or earlier).

†I. Capacity to repress something.

1. Capacity to repress something; restraint. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > self-possession or self-control > [noun]

repressiona1413

governailc1425

willc1480

self-rule1532

coldness1548

stay1556

presentness of mind1598

coolness1607

cold blooda1609

temper1611

self-discipline1612

retention?1615

presence of mind?1624

self-governance1630

retentiveness1641

self-command1651

self-mastery1652

self-control1653

self-direction1653

self-restraint1656

self-possession1665

possessednessa1698

self-regulation1698

possession1703

retenue1747

sang-froid1750

self-collection1761

render1768

self-collectedness1805

self-repression1821

self-containedness1835

unimpulsiveness1860

cool-headedness1881

sophrosyne1889

cool1964

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1038 Some [sc. jealousy] so ful of furye is and despit That it sourmounteth his repressioun [c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 represcioun, c1450 Harl. 2280 repression; c1460 Harl. 1239 oppression].

II. The action or result of repressing something.

a. The action of repressing a person or thing (in various senses); an instance of this. Now esp.: cultural or political oppression, esp. when sanctioned or carried out by the state.With quot. ?a1425 cf. repress v.¹ 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun]

havingeOE

holdc1230

withholdingc1386

restrainingc1390

refraininga1398

repression?a1425

repressing1431

bridlingc1443

restraint1443

restrainc1449

repressurec1487

restingc1503

abstention1521

controlling1523

controlment1525

distrain1531

staying1563

control1564

refrain1568

retention1578

check1579

restrainment1579

refranation1583

cohibition1586

withholdment1640

curbing1661

coercion1827

chastenment1882

detent1907

clamp-down1940

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression

suppressingc1400

repression?a1425

oppressionc1430

repressing1431

suppression1487

nithering1489

repressa1500

abolition1529

abolishment1538

abolishing?1540

repressal1593

suppressal1612

compressure1644

repressment1837

crackdown1935

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 145^v (MED) A corrosiue vlcus schal ben heled wiþ repressioun of colde medicynes, þe whiche mowe abate þe acuite of þe blode and þat speciallie aboute þe vlcus.

1533 T. More Apol. xlix, in Wks. 927/1 Any new order concerning heresies, with y^e chaunge of lawes before deuised for the repression of them.

1553 Coll. Rec. No. 56. 221 in G. Burnet Hist. Reformation (1681) II Do such things for the Advancement of Justice, and for the repression and punishment of Malefactors.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xi. 472 Ioue..to Aiax breast diuine repressions droue, And made him shun who shunn'd himself.

1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη 21 No declaration..from My self could take place, For the due repression of these Tumults.

1713 tr. P. Poiret Divine Œconomy IV. i. 4 He will renew..the Repression of Satan, the Blessing of Nature after a particular manner.

1780 G. Stuart Hist. Establishm. Reformation Relig. in Scotl. i. 72 The repression of disorders, and the punishment of crimes.

1797 J. Moser Moral Tales I. xvii. 235 Her resistance of temptation and repression of passion.

1818 J. Bentham Plan Parl. Reform 62 Repression of insolence is, therefore, in his situation prescribed by considerations [etc.].

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xvi. 109 That eastern religion whose essence is the repression of all action.

1905 N.Y. Times 24 Apr. 2 Such spokesmen of reaction as Prince Mestchersky..are again boldly proclaiming the doctrine of repression, characterizing the Constitutionalists and ‘Intelligentsia’ as lunatics.

1955 B. Hill Boss of Britain's Underworld i. 10 The generations of repression, extortion and blackmail were remembered vividly by the sons of men who had spent years in gaol because of the race gangs.

1999 J. Arnott Long Firm v. 287 All forms of deviant behaviour were in some way a challenge to the normalised repression of the state.

†b. Medicine. Perhaps: retention or failure of elimination (of humours). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes i. xxvii. 30 Of the Feuer of Repression [It. febre di riprensione]. This Feuer is an alteration of the bloud, whiche is caused of beeyng ouer hott, and then colde: and this is called a Feuer propter accidens, and is not holpe as the other Feuers are: For thou shalt helpe onely the Repression, and the Feuer wil goe awaie.

c. Psychoanalysis. The action, process, or result of keeping unacceptable thoughts, memories, or desires out of the conscious mind; an instance of this. Cf. suppression n. 10b.Usually considered specifically as an unconscious process, in contrast to conscious suppression.sex, sexual repression: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > repression

suppression1896

resistance1905

repression1909

scotomization1927

1909 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Sel. Papers on Hysteria iv. 88 If I could now make it probable that the idea became pathogenic in consequence of the exclusion and repression, the chain would seem complete.

1910 S. Freud in Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 21 193 I called this hypothetical process ‘repression’ (Verdrängung), and considered it was proved by the undeniable existence of resistance.

1929 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 673/2 For cultural reasons the most intensive repression falls upon the sexual instincts.

1954 R. F. C. Hull tr. C. G. Jung Devel. Personality in Coll. Wks. XVII. iv. 115 No breaking down of repressions can ever destroy true creativeness.

1978 P. Thompson Voice of Past iv. 104 Recall can be prevented by unwillingness: either a conscious avoidance of distasteful facts or unconscious repression.

1997 I. Jack in Granta Winter 16 Pensioners with ‘stiff upper lips’, reticence and the neurosis brought about by repression.

d. Biochemistry. The inhibition of enzyme synthesis by the action of a repressor on an operon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > inhibition > [noun]

antagonism1859

Pasteur reaction1930

Pasteur effect1935

lipotropism1945

repression1957

1957 H. J. Vogel in W. D. McElroy & B. Glass Chem. Basis Heredity ii. 286 The following terminology will be used hereafter: a relative decrease, resulting from the exposure of cells to a given substance, in the rate of synthesis of a particular apoenzyme is termed ‘enzyme repression’.

1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis v. 108 Ammonia causes the repression of nitrogenase, but whether ammonia is the active corepressor is not completely clear.

2007 Biotechnol. Adv. 25 247/1 High concentrations of appropriate carbon sources lead to repression of α-keto-glutarate dehydrogenase, hence explaining the effect of the sugar concentration and source in terms of enzyme repression.

Derivatives

reˈpressionary adj. characterized by repression; = repressive adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [adjective] > suppressive or repressive

repressivec1425

suppressive1662

repressory1863

repressionary1885

repressful1893

repressionist1906

1885 Brit. Q. Rev. 81 158 The Jamaica insurrection had broken out, and Eyre had carried his repressionary measures beyond what the occasion demanded.

1905 Daily Chron. 24 Nov. 8/2 That..was the distinct result of her own repressionary warnings.

2004 V. Voronkov & J. Wielgohs in D. Pollack & J. Wielgohs Dissent & Opposition in Communist E. Europe v. 103 The final wave of repressionary measures against the entire human rights movement.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	repression
释义	repressionn. Brit. /rᵻˈprɛʃn/, U.S. /rəˈprɛʃ(ə)n/, /riˈprɛʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English represcioun, late Middle English repressioun, late Middle English– repression. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin repression-, repressio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin repression-, repressio suppression (4th cent.), restraint (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin repress- , past participial stem of reprimere repress v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French repression (1482; French répression), Catalan repressió (a1418), Spanish represión (1495 or earlier), Portuguese repressão (1785), Italian repressione (a1498).In sense 2c after German Verdrängung in this sense in the terminology of Sigmund Freud (1895 or earlier). †I. Capacity to repress something. 1. Capacity to repress something; restraint. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > self-possession or self-control > [noun] repressiona1413 governailc1425 willc1480 self-rule1532 coldness1548 stay1556 presentness of mind1598 coolness1607 cold blooda1609 temper1611 self-discipline1612 retention?1615 presence of mind?1624 self-governance1630 retentiveness1641 self-command1651 self-mastery1652 self-control1653 self-direction1653 self-restraint1656 self-possession1665 possessednessa1698 self-regulation1698 possession1703 retenue1747 sang-froid1750 self-collection1761 render1768 self-collectedness1805 self-repression1821 self-containedness1835 unimpulsiveness1860 cool-headedness1881 sophrosyne1889 cool1964 a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1038 Some [sc. jealousy] so ful of furye is and despit That it sourmounteth his repressioun [c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 represcioun, c1450 Harl. 2280 repression; c1460 Harl. 1239 oppression]. II. The action or result of repressing something. 2. a. The action of repressing a person or thing (in various senses); an instance of this. Now esp.: cultural or political oppression, esp. when sanctioned or carried out by the state.With quot. ?a1425 cf. repress v.¹ 3b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun] havingeOE holdc1230 withholdingc1386 restrainingc1390 refraininga1398 repression?a1425 repressing1431 bridlingc1443 restraint1443 restrainc1449 repressurec1487 restingc1503 abstention1521 controlling1523 controlment1525 distrain1531 staying1563 control1564 refrain1568 retention1578 check1579 restrainment1579 refranation1583 cohibition1586 withholdment1640 curbing1661 coercion1827 chastenment1882 detent1907 clamp-down1940 society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression suppressingc1400 repression?a1425 oppressionc1430 repressing1431 suppression1487 nithering1489 repressa1500 abolition1529 abolishment1538 abolishing?1540 repressal1593 suppressal1612 compressure1644 repressment1837 crackdown1935 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 145^v (MED) A corrosiue vlcus schal ben heled wiþ repressioun of colde medicynes, þe whiche mowe abate þe acuite of þe blode and þat speciallie aboute þe vlcus. 1533 T. More Apol. xlix, in Wks. 927/1 Any new order concerning heresies, with y^e chaunge of lawes before deuised for the repression of them. 1553 Coll. Rec. No. 56. 221 in G. Burnet Hist. Reformation (1681) II Do such things for the Advancement of Justice, and for the repression and punishment of Malefactors. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xi. 472 Ioue..to Aiax breast diuine repressions droue, And made him shun who shunn'd himself. 1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη 21 No declaration..from My self could take place, For the due repression of these Tumults. 1713 tr. P. Poiret Divine Œconomy IV. i. 4 He will renew..the Repression of Satan, the Blessing of Nature after a particular manner. 1780 G. Stuart Hist. Establishm. Reformation Relig. in Scotl. i. 72 The repression of disorders, and the punishment of crimes. 1797 J. Moser Moral Tales I. xvii. 235 Her resistance of temptation and repression of passion. 1818 J. Bentham Plan Parl. Reform 62 Repression of insolence is, therefore, in his situation prescribed by considerations [etc.]. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xvi. 109 That eastern religion whose essence is the repression of all action. 1905 N.Y. Times 24 Apr. 2 Such spokesmen of reaction as Prince Mestchersky..are again boldly proclaiming the doctrine of repression, characterizing the Constitutionalists and ‘Intelligentsia’ as lunatics. 1955 B. Hill Boss of Britain's Underworld i. 10 The generations of repression, extortion and blackmail were remembered vividly by the sons of men who had spent years in gaol because of the race gangs. 1999 J. Arnott Long Firm v. 287 All forms of deviant behaviour were in some way a challenge to the normalised repression of the state. †b. Medicine. Perhaps: retention or failure of elimination (of humours). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes i. xxvii. 30 Of the Feuer of Repression [It. febre di riprensione]. This Feuer is an alteration of the bloud, whiche is caused of beeyng ouer hott, and then colde: and this is called a Feuer propter accidens, and is not holpe as the other Feuers are: For thou shalt helpe onely the Repression, and the Feuer wil goe awaie. c. Psychoanalysis. The action, process, or result of keeping unacceptable thoughts, memories, or desires out of the conscious mind; an instance of this. Cf. suppression n. 10b.Usually considered specifically as an unconscious process, in contrast to conscious suppression.sex, sexual repression: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > repression suppression1896 resistance1905 repression1909 scotomization1927 1909 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Sel. Papers on Hysteria iv. 88 If I could now make it probable that the idea became pathogenic in consequence of the exclusion and repression, the chain would seem complete. 1910 S. Freud in Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 21 193 I called this hypothetical process ‘repression’ (Verdrängung), and considered it was proved by the undeniable existence of resistance. 1929 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 673/2 For cultural reasons the most intensive repression falls upon the sexual instincts. 1954 R. F. C. Hull tr. C. G. Jung Devel. Personality in Coll. Wks. XVII. iv. 115 No breaking down of repressions can ever destroy true creativeness. 1978 P. Thompson Voice of Past iv. 104 Recall can be prevented by unwillingness: either a conscious avoidance of distasteful facts or unconscious repression. 1997 I. Jack in Granta Winter 16 Pensioners with ‘stiff upper lips’, reticence and the neurosis brought about by repression. d. Biochemistry. The inhibition of enzyme synthesis by the action of a repressor on an operon. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > inhibition > [noun] antagonism1859 Pasteur reaction1930 Pasteur effect1935 lipotropism1945 repression1957 1957 H. J. Vogel in W. D. McElroy & B. Glass Chem. Basis Heredity ii. 286 The following terminology will be used hereafter: a relative decrease, resulting from the exposure of cells to a given substance, in the rate of synthesis of a particular apoenzyme is termed ‘enzyme repression’. 1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis v. 108 Ammonia causes the repression of nitrogenase, but whether ammonia is the active corepressor is not completely clear. 2007 Biotechnol. Adv. 25 247/1 High concentrations of appropriate carbon sources lead to repression of α-keto-glutarate dehydrogenase, hence explaining the effect of the sugar concentration and source in terms of enzyme repression. Derivatives reˈpressionary adj. characterized by repression; = repressive adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [adjective] > suppressive or repressive repressivec1425 suppressive1662 repressory1863 repressionary1885 repressful1893 repressionist1906 1885 Brit. Q. Rev. 81 158 The Jamaica insurrection had broken out, and Eyre had carried his repressionary measures beyond what the occasion demanded. 1905 Daily Chron. 24 Nov. 8/2 That..was the distinct result of her own repressionary warnings. 2004 V. Voronkov & J. Wielgohs in D. Pollack & J. Wielgohs Dissent & Opposition in Communist E. Europe v. 103 The final wave of repressionary measures against the entire human rights movement. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1413
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