research and developmentn.

Brit.

/rᵻˌsəːtʃ (ə)n(d) dᵻˈvɛləpm(ə)nt/, U.S.

/rəˈsərtʃ ən dəˈvɛləpmənt/,

/riˈsərtʃ ən dəˈvɛləpmənt/,

/ˈriˌsərtʃ ən dəˈvɛləpmənt/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: research n.¹, and conj.¹, development n.

Etymology: < research n.¹ + and conj.¹ + development n.

Esp. in industry: work directed on a large scale towards the innovation, introduction, and improvement of products and processes. Abbreviated R and D.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > research > [noun] > research and development

research and development1892

R and D1952

blue-sky research1959

blue skies research1972

1892 Bot. Gaz. 17 345 He..briefly set forth the present state of botanical research and development in America.

1935 Chem. & Engin. News 10 Jan. 15/1 Arthur R. Hitch has resigned from the Ethyl Gasoline Corp. to accept the position of director of research and development with the Nelio-Resin Corp. and the Southern Pine Chemical Co., Jacksonville, Fla.

1952 F. Pohl & C. M. Kornbluth in Galaxy Aug. 129/1 ‘How's Research and Development doing on the Venus question?’.. ‘R. and D. is in there punching.’

1968 J. Sangster Touchfeather xv. 182 Research and development is a notoriously difficult thing to budget for.

1990 I. S. Farkas-Conn From Documentation to Information Sci. 52 A successful company set up by Frederick Cotrell that was funnelling back money earned by the precipitron Cotrell had invented to support research and development on a nonprofit basis.

2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 10 Jan. e3/1 Now, more dentists than ever dabble in research and development to create so-called ‘smile beauty’ lines they hope will make them a mint.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1923 Industr. & Engin. Chem. (News ed.) 20 Jan. 10/1 (advt.) Professorship or assistant professorship in first class college or university desired by chemist, Ph.D., with seven years' experience in university teaching and six years' practical experience in research and development work.

1946 Happy Landings July (verso front cover) It is the latter type of accidents..with which the research and development branches of M.S.A.P. is [sic] primarily concerned.

1979 Arizona Daily Star 5 Aug. b4/5 The research-and-development costs of a new product, when funded by government, artificially reduce the price of the product.

2004 H. Kunzru Transmission (2005) 53 Redmond was the site of their research and development operation, the prestigious Greene Labs. To Arjun r & d was it, the alpha and omega.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	research and development
释义	research and developmentn. Brit. /rᵻˌsəːtʃ (ə)n(d) dᵻˈvɛləpm(ə)nt/, U.S. /rəˈsərtʃ ən dəˈvɛləpmənt/, /riˈsərtʃ ən dəˈvɛləpmənt/, /ˈriˌsərtʃ ən dəˈvɛləpmənt/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: research n.¹, and conj.¹, development n. Etymology: < research n.¹ + and conj.¹ + development n. Esp. in industry: work directed on a large scale towards the innovation, introduction, and improvement of products and processes. Abbreviated R and D. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > research > [noun] > research and development research and development1892 R and D1952 blue-sky research1959 blue skies research1972 1892 Bot. Gaz. 17 345 He..briefly set forth the present state of botanical research and development in America. 1935 Chem. & Engin. News 10 Jan. 15/1 Arthur R. Hitch has resigned from the Ethyl Gasoline Corp. to accept the position of director of research and development with the Nelio-Resin Corp. and the Southern Pine Chemical Co., Jacksonville, Fla. 1952 F. Pohl & C. M. Kornbluth in Galaxy Aug. 129/1 ‘How's Research and Development doing on the Venus question?’.. ‘R. and D. is in there punching.’ 1968 J. Sangster Touchfeather xv. 182 Research and development is a notoriously difficult thing to budget for. 1990 I. S. Farkas-Conn From Documentation to Information Sci. 52 A successful company set up by Frederick Cotrell that was funnelling back money earned by the precipitron Cotrell had invented to support research and development on a nonprofit basis. 2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 10 Jan. e3/1 Now, more dentists than ever dabble in research and development to create so-called ‘smile beauty’ lines they hope will make them a mint. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1923 Industr. & Engin. Chem. (News ed.) 20 Jan. 10/1 (advt.) Professorship or assistant professorship in first class college or university desired by chemist, Ph.D., with seven years' experience in university teaching and six years' practical experience in research and development work. 1946 Happy Landings July (verso front cover) It is the latter type of accidents..with which the research and development branches of M.S.A.P. is [sic] primarily concerned. 1979 Arizona Daily Star 5 Aug. b4/5 The research-and-development costs of a new product, when funded by government, artificially reduce the price of the product. 2004 H. Kunzru Transmission (2005) 53 Redmond was the site of their research and development operation, the prestigious Greene Labs. To Arjun r & d was it, the alpha and omega. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1892
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