repentadj.²

Brit.

/ˈriːp(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ˈripənt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rēpent-, rēpēns, rēpere.

Etymology: < classical Latin rēpent-, rēpēns, present participle of rēpere to crawl, creep, (of plants) to grow along the ground < the same Indo-European base as Latvian rāpties , rāpot to crawl, Lithuanian replioti to go on all fours. Compare slightly earlier reptant adj.

a. Botany and Zoology. Of a plant or part of a plant, or (later also) a sessile animal: prostrate; (esp. of the stem of a plant) creeping along the ground, or just under the surface, and sending out roots at intervals. Cf. reptant adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > climbing, spreading, or creeping

running1548

spreading1560

flat1578

ramping1578

wandering1590

upcreeping1611

gadding1638

rambling1653

obsequious1657

reptant1657

scansive1657

scansory1657

procumbent1668

repent1669

scandenta1682

supine1686

scrambling1688

creeping1697

sarmentous1721

reptile1727

sarmentose1760

prostrate1773

trailing1785

decumbent1789

travelling1822

vagrant1827

sarmentaceous1830

humifuse1854

sarmentiferous1858

amphibryous1866

humistratous1880

climbing1882

clambering1883

1669 J. Rose Eng. Vineyard 16 There is no Plant whatsoever so connatural to the Vine..as this repent, and humble shrub.

1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 94 This had a small repent root.

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. iv. 165 Sarmentose; when they [sc. stems] are Repent and Subnude.

1845 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. i. 74 Holland is said to owe its very existence to certain repent stems, by which its shores are apparently bound together.

1885 W. C. Learmonth Hist. W. Calder xx. 171 It appears therefore to me, that the repent stems of the common Trifolium repens abound in almost all grounds, but it flowers in favourite soils only.

1924 L. H. Bailey Man. Cultivated Plants ii. 697 The shrubs are usually heath-like, the herbs low and mostly cespitose or repent.

1995 P. J. Hayward in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe ii. 30 Attached to various substrata; erect or repent, the body oval, sac-like, [etc.]... Urochordata (sea squirts).

2005 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 92 310/2 All species of Ludwigia sect. Dantia are herbaceous perennials with slender repent stems more or less ascending at the tips.

†b. Zoology. Creeping or crawling, esp. in the manner of a snake. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by locomotion > [adjective] > creeping

reptile1607

repent1838

1838 T. R. Jones in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 394/1 The slow-moving and repent tribes of which we are now speaking.

1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 405/1 The third order, Serpentia, which are defined as having..a repent progression.

†2. In extended use: unable to respond to noble ideas. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [adjective]

rudea1382

roida1400

borel1513

rustical?1532

illiberal1535

waste?1541

rusticc1550

illiterate1556

ruggedc1565

profane1568

unskilful1572

raw?1573

clownish1581

home-born1589

rough-hewn1593

unpolished1594

artless1598

home-bred1602

unbevelled1602

incult1628

museless1644

uncultivated1646

incultivateda1657

uncultivate1659

incultivate1661

unpolite1674

uncult1675

repent1684

uncultivated1725

uncultured1777

unenlightened1792

cultureless1824

sloven1856

philistinic1869

undoctrined1869

Philistine1871

Philistinish1871

roughneck1906

lowbrow1907

low-level1916

no-brow1922

bohunk1957

bakya1960

1684 J. Evelyn Let. 8 June in S. Pepys Corr. (1926) I. 23 He..bravely inlarges the empire of our narrow speculations and repent spirits, whose contemplations extend no farther than their sense.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

repentv.

Brit.

/rᵻˈpɛnt/, U.S.

/rəˈpɛnt/,

/riˈpɛnt/

Forms: Middle English repenti (south.), Middle English repenty (south.), Middle English repentye (south.), Middle English–1500s repente, Middle English– repent, 1500s–1600s repent (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 rapent, pre-1700 reapent, pre-1700 repente, pre-1700 repentt, pre-1700 1700s– repent. Also past tense Middle English rependyd (perhaps transmission error), late Middle English repent, late Middle English repente, late Middle English repenyd (transmission error).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French repentir.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman repenter, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French repentir (French repentir ; now only in reflexive use) (reflexive) to renounce (something) or cease (to do something) (c1100), (reflexive) to feel contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin (c1100 with reference to an action or fault, 1119 in religious context with reference to sin; sometimes also in intransitive and transitive use), (reflexive) to change one's mind (1283) < post-classical Latin repoenitere (9th cent.) < classical Latin re- re- prefix + paenitēre (see penitent adj.). Compare Old Occitan repentir (c1220), Spanish †repentirse (1207; now arrepentirse (a1251)), Portuguese †repender (13th cent. as rrepender ; now arrepender (1344)), Italian ripentirsi (early 13th cent.). Compare earlier repentant adj.

a. intransitive. To review one's actions and feel contrition or regret for something one has done or omitted to do; (esp. in religious contexts) to acknowledge the sinfulness of one's past action or conduct by showing sincere remorse and undertaking to reform in the future. Formerly also in weakened sense: †to change one's mind (obsolete). Frequently with of; occasionally with for, at, †on.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)]

rueOE

i-rewOE

ofthinkOE

again-chareOE

reusieOE

overthinkc1175

beetc1200

it athinks me1250

to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300

(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300

repentc1300

forthinkc1380

remordc1450

repoin1523

remorse1530

to take the rue1789

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > be penitent [verb (intransitive)]

i-rewOE

reusieOE

to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300

repentc1300

c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) 104 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 222 Ȝoure on schal atta ende Repenti er he come aȝe, & al quic to helle wende.

a1325 St. Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) 151 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 13 (MED) Hy repentede of hore dede.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 437 (MED) At þe laste he repented [L. ad cor rediens] and resigned up þe riȝt of holy cherche frely to pope Kalixte.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 419 Er ye haue your right of holy cherche Ye may repente of wedded mannes lyf.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 3 Judas..repentide [c1384 E.V. led by penaunce or forthenkynge; L. poenitentia ductus], and brouȝte aȝen the thretti pans to the princis of prestis.

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 58 (MED) Þe deede & þe ende of hastines is to repente.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Diiii Whan so euer any synner repenteth, and is sory for his offences towarde god.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jonah iii. 10 He repented on the euell, which he sayde he wolde do vnto them, and dyd it not.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 4 Well, ile repent and that suddainly.

1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 60 This middlemost mansion is appointed for such Soules whose whole man hath not perfectly repent in this world.

1667 M. Poole Dialogue between Popish Priest & Protestant 10 A thousand of their sins are venial, which, though not repented of, will not exclude them from the favour of God.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 163 None teach Repentance like true Penitents: He wants nothing but to repent.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xii. 77 A scene, in which a mind like yours will find nothing to repent of.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. i. 23 If your purpose is evil, pause a moment, and repent.

1818 S. Parr Wks. (1828) VIII. 640 I repent not at the gift.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 234 No light had we: for that we do repent.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 372 Nor do I now repent of the manner of my defence.

1908 E. M. Forster Room with View ii. 25 You will never repent of a little civility to your inferiors.

1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman xvi. 246 No head, Ger! no head at all! Might even have repented of it as soon as he'd pulled the trigger.

1989 S. Bedford Jigsaw iv. 243 Even my ex-Church regards it as an absolvable sin if you repent.

2005 J. Weyland Saving Kristen viii. 125 Then I think you should take the sacrament. That is what it's for—to help us repent of our mistakes.

b. transitive. With the action, fault, or sin as object.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent (sin, wrongdoing, etc.) [verb (transitive)]

bireusyc1000

birewec1175

ruea1200

repenta1325

sorrya1450

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > make penitent [verb (transitive)] > feel penitent about

repenta1325

a1325 Septuagesima (Corpus Cambr.) l. 12 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 128 (MED) We ssolleþ wiþ sorwe of heorte oure penance lede And aȝen þe time of Leinte repenty oure misdede.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5107 (MED) Oure mis dede we repente ay.

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 235 (MED) Yf stories ben profitable to repent this pride, rede we Titu Liuius.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 418 She..in that gret wrethe out of the paleyce went, Seying to herself that chere shuld þey repent.

c1537 T. Cranmer Let. in Remains (1833) I. 207 Both you and I may repent our dallying.

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 511 To him that intendeth to repent those thinges wherein he hath offended.

1611 W. Sclater Key to Key of Script. 165 If the thing couenanted be lawfull, rashnesse must be repented: but the promise performed.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 146 The soft Napæan Race will soon repent Their Anger, and remit the Punishment.

1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. IV. 95 He declared..they should one day repent their insolence and presumption.

1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. 53 For a few minutes I repented my temerity.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) II. vii. 187 William declared..that he would make the most Christian king repent the outrage.

1901 F. E. Fremantle Impressions Doctor in Khaki v. 272 The Chronicler..says that Manasseh bitterly repented his sin during his captivity at Babylon.

1967 ‘Iceberg Slim’ Pimp xx. 282 She was bugging me to embrace the Holy Ghost and the Fire. She begged me to square up and repent my sins.

1985 A. Kenny Path from Rome i. 29 A voluntary dwelling on a sexual fantasy put one in danger of Hell if not promptly repented and confessed.

2008 London Lite (Nexis) 5 June 15 Perhaps she said 10 Hail Marys and repented her sins for flying British Airways.

a. transitive (reflexive). To feel contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin. Formerly also in weakened sense: †to change one's mind (obsolete). Also with of, for, that. Now (only with objective personal pronoun) archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent [verb (reflexive)]

forthinka1300

repentc1300

resent1618

relent1685

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > be penitent [verb (reflexive)]

repentc1300

c1300 St. Edward Elder (Laud) 173 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 52 (MED) Of hire misdedes heo repentede hire sore.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 39 (MED) For so may man repenti hym, Þat þer uolȝeþ no peyne.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7308 (MED) Ful sare yee sal repent yow.

a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 57 (MED) He repentyd hym þat he had not don aftyr hir cownsel.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xv They that be glad..of the praysynge of flaterers oftyme repente them therof.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 63 (MED) Repent þe noght of þinges passyd, for þat ys a propirte to feble women.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxiii. 68 I repent me that I hadde not beleuyd you.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iv. 273 I repent me that the Duke is slaine.

1619 Visct. Doncaster Let. in S. R. Gardiner Lett. Relations Eng. & Germany (1865) 1st Ser. 207 I now repent me of it, hearing the niewes of Moravia confirmed from all parts.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 187 I formerly was a great companion of his, (for the which I now repent me).

1709 W. King Misc. Prose & Verse 534 Looking round him saw a handsom Room, And did not much repent him he was come.

1767 B. Thornton tr. Plautus Amphitryon iii. ii, in B. Thornton et al. tr. Plautus Comedies II. 81 He repents him it had e'er been said, What he alledg'd against me innocent.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Edward Gray in Poems II. 180 I repent me of all I did.

1881 A. C. Swinburne Mary Stuart ii. ii. 79 I am glad, and I repent me not, to know I have the writing in my bosom sealed.

1954 F. T. Prince Coll. Poems (1993) 72 Yet I do not repent me; I remain in my pain that is.

1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses vii. ii. 420 The matrons stated their conviction that Mr Battuta had honestly repented him of his error.

b. transitive. To cause (a person) to feel contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin. Chiefly with non-referential it as subject (formerly also impersonal). Now rare.

ΚΠ

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 5328 (MED) That was more for likinge, To have his lust, than for weddinge..Which him repenteth ate laste.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1392 (MED) It sall repent vs full sore and we ryde forthire.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) vii. viii. sig. m.vii^v Me repenteth grene knyghte of your dommage.

a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) 896 (MED) Countenaunce of love she wolde non make..And that repent her syth full ille.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxlvij It shall not repent them of y^t seruice.

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxxviii. 123 It repented him that he let go Demetrius.

1664 in G. Miege Relation of Three Embassies (1669) 273 This indeed would repent me, for the World will take more notice of it.

1717 Entertainers No. 11. 72 It can never repent us to endeavour to tread in the Steps of those bright Examples.

1795 C. Anstey Monopolist 9 Soon it did repent Him sore He'd issued such a Warrant.

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 34 It doth repent me: words are quick and vain.

1878 A. C. Swinburne Triumph of Time xxi Will it not one day in heaven repent you?

1907 J. Davidson Triumph of Mammon v. ii. 137 You are now delivered up, Unless it shall repent you, to be quenched As fire is quenched in water.

†c. transitive. In passive. To be filled with contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 71 (MED) They that be confession are clensed and repented..shulde not loke bakwarde ayenne to do synne.

1530 Thorpe's Examinacion 109 I say to thee, that in the turning about of thy hand such a sinner may be verily repented.

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin ix. 513 [He] ended his life within fiftene dayes, expressing deuoutly somewhat affore his death, how greatly he was repented and remorsed of the vexations he had done to the Church.

3. transitive. To view or think of (any action, occasion, or thing) with dissatisfaction and regret, esp. because of unwelcome consequences for oneself; to be sorry for, regret. Formerly also with that-clause as object.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent (sin, wrongdoing, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > repent (an action)

repentc1380

relent1590

resent1618

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 261 (MED) Þan he by-gan repentye sare þat he haþ greued his Eem.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 256 (MED) Do ȝit be..consaile, þou salle not it repent [Fr. ne averez repentaunce].

1465 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 137 For that or for some other cause he repentyth his bargeyn and woll nomore of it.

a1500 (a1400) Sir Cleges (Adv.) (1930) 434 (MED) I repent my grauntetynge That i to þe made.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 297^v Yet do I nothyng repente my first aduise & counsaill.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 117 Content with Hermia? No: I doe repent The tedious minutes, I with her haue spent.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 179 I could hardly keepe him from falling down most steepe mountaines..which made me repent the buying of him.

1640 W. Habington Hist. Edward IV 108 They would sell their lives at so deere a rate, that the King might repent his purchase.

1665 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 151 My ffather shod say and haue cas to repent that he did drive them vp.

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 262 I was so much pleas'd with it, I have not yet repented my seeing it.

1760 G. Washington Diary 7 Mar. (1976) I. 251 The Ground being well sworded over & very heavy plowing I repented putting them [sc. horses] in at all.

1805 T. Harral Scenes of Life I. 49 The landlord began to repent his kindness.

1885 J. Runciman Skippers & Shellbacks 238 Bitterly repented having come out with nothing but his water-ballast.

1912 W. S. Gilbert Sensation Novel I. 11 Unhand me, coward, or my shrieks shall bring those around you who will make you repent the day you laid a hand on old John Grey's daughter.

1914 G. K. Chesterton Wisdom of Father Brown (1992) 184 He began to repent the coat he had left behind him.

1989 I. Taylor George Eliot (1990) ix. 103 Marian came to repent her hasty judgement based on outward appearances.

2001 A. S. Park in A. S. Park & A. L. Nelson Other Side Sin ii. 49 David repented his sin and was forgiven.

†4.

a. intransitive. To mourn. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)]

sorroweOE

sorryeOE

careOE

heavyOE

mournOE

rueOE

murkenOE

dole13..

likec1330

wailc1374

ensorrowc1384

gloppen?a1400

sytea1400

teena1400

grievec1400

angera1425

erme1481

yearna1500

aggrieve1559

discomfort?a1560

melancholyc1580

to eat one's (own) heart1590

repent1590

passion1598

sigh1642

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. viii. sig. Kk8 Dead..thou maist aread Henceforth for euer Florimell to bee, That all the noble knights..May sore repent with mee.

b. transitive. To mourn (a death). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (transitive)]

forthink?a1250

ruea1300

remordc1400

sorrow?a1425

forruec1425

overthinkc1450

regreta1500

deplore1567

grieve1597

unwish1629

repent1631

lament1794

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 33 Whose death..all the world repented.

1662 Duchess of Newcastle Orations Divers Sorts ii. 45 An Oration to Souldiers, which repent the Death of their General.

†5. transitive. With out. To live the rest of one's life feeling deep regret for one's actions. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent (sin, wrongdoing, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > live out in repentance

repenta1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 247 My offences being many, I would repent out the remainder of Nature.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	repent
释义	† repentn. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: repent v. Etymology: < repent v. Compare earlier repentance n., repenting n. Obsolete. Repentance; an act of repentance. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] reusingeOE rueeOE ruenessOE bireusingc1000 penitencea1200 rutha1200 after-charc1220 again-charc1220 ruesomenessa1225 ofthinkingc1225 forthinkinga1250 repentancec1300 penancea1325 pityc1330 compunctiona1340 agenbite1340 repentingc1350 athinking1382 contritionc1386 repentaillec1390 rueinga1400 remorse of conscience (also mind)c1410 conscience?a1425 remorsea1425 penitencya1500 penitudea1538 resipiscency?c1550 penancy?1567 resipiscence1570 repent1573 brokennessa1617 remorsefulnessa1617 synteresy1616 synderesis1639 heart-searching1647 synteresis1650 remordency1658 contriteness1692 resentment1705 penitentness1727 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > [noun] reusingeOE deedbotec1000 sin-bootc1175 penitencea1200 repentancec1300 penancea1325 compunctiona1340 repentingc1350 contritionc1386 repentaillec1390 remorse of conscience (also mind)c1410 penitencya1500 penitudea1538 penancy?1567 repent1573 metanoia1577 remorsefulnessa1617 synteresy1616 synderesis1639 synteresis1650 remordency1658 sermon-sicknessa1665 contriteness1692 penitentness1727 1573 G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 339 I must and will endure, thy spite without repent. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xii. sig. Oo4^v Reproch the first, Shame next, Repent behinde. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. H2^v For this I scourge my selfe with sharpe repents. 1601 Passion Discontented Minde sig. Bi^v My soule..In deepe repent, her former folly hates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2018). † repentadj.¹ Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: repent v.; repentant adj. Etymology: Either < repent v., or shortened < repentant adj. for the purposes of rhyme (see quot. 1598). Compare French †repent (a1615). Obsolete. rare. Repentant. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > [adjective] under or in shriftc1175 repentantc1230 contritea1340 penitent1341 contrited1483 penitentiala1538 repentable1571 remorsed1579 remorseful1590 repent1598 remording1614 repentive1620 contritional1648 penitentiary1795 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [adjective] > penitent or contrite rueingOE repentantc1230 contritea1340 penitent1341 compunctc1384 repentingc1405 compuncteda1425 contrited1483 repentful1561 repentable1571 relenting1576 remorsed1579 remorseful1590 repent1598 remording1614 compunctiousa1616 repentive1620 compunctionate1681 resipiscent1872 1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 363/2 The queen, forthwith hire leue Toke at them all that were present Of her defauts fully repent. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2018). repentadj.² Brit. /ˈriːp(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈripənt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rēpent-, rēpēns, rēpere. Etymology: < classical Latin rēpent-, rēpēns, present participle of rēpere to crawl, creep, (of plants) to grow along the ground < the same Indo-European base as Latvian rāpties , rāpot to crawl, Lithuanian replioti to go on all fours. Compare slightly earlier reptant adj. 1. a. Botany and Zoology. Of a plant or part of a plant, or (later also) a sessile animal: prostrate; (esp. of the stem of a plant) creeping along the ground, or just under the surface, and sending out roots at intervals. Cf. reptant adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > climbing, spreading, or creeping running1548 spreading1560 flat1578 ramping1578 wandering1590 upcreeping1611 gadding1638 rambling1653 obsequious1657 reptant1657 scansive1657 scansory1657 procumbent1668 repent1669 scandenta1682 supine1686 scrambling1688 creeping1697 sarmentous1721 reptile1727 sarmentose1760 prostrate1773 trailing1785 decumbent1789 travelling1822 vagrant1827 sarmentaceous1830 humifuse1854 sarmentiferous1858 amphibryous1866 humistratous1880 climbing1882 clambering1883 1669 J. Rose Eng. Vineyard 16 There is no Plant whatsoever so connatural to the Vine..as this repent, and humble shrub. 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 94 This had a small repent root. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. iv. 165 Sarmentose; when they [sc. stems] are Repent and Subnude. 1845 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. i. 74 Holland is said to owe its very existence to certain repent stems, by which its shores are apparently bound together. 1885 W. C. Learmonth Hist. W. Calder xx. 171 It appears therefore to me, that the repent stems of the common Trifolium repens abound in almost all grounds, but it flowers in favourite soils only. 1924 L. H. Bailey Man. Cultivated Plants ii. 697 The shrubs are usually heath-like, the herbs low and mostly cespitose or repent. 1995 P. J. Hayward in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe ii. 30 Attached to various substrata; erect or repent, the body oval, sac-like, [etc.]... Urochordata (sea squirts). 2005 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 92 310/2 All species of Ludwigia sect. Dantia are herbaceous perennials with slender repent stems more or less ascending at the tips. †b. Zoology. Creeping or crawling, esp. in the manner of a snake. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by locomotion > [adjective] > creeping reptile1607 repent1838 1838 T. R. Jones in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 394/1 The slow-moving and repent tribes of which we are now speaking. 1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 405/1 The third order, Serpentia, which are defined as having..a repent progression. †2. In extended use: unable to respond to noble ideas. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [adjective] rudea1382 roida1400 borel1513 rustical?1532 illiberal1535 waste?1541 rusticc1550 illiterate1556 ruggedc1565 profane1568 unskilful1572 raw?1573 clownish1581 home-born1589 rough-hewn1593 unpolished1594 artless1598 home-bred1602 unbevelled1602 incult1628 museless1644 uncultivated1646 incultivateda1657 uncultivate1659 incultivate1661 unpolite1674 uncult1675 repent1684 uncultivated1725 uncultured1777 unenlightened1792 cultureless1824 sloven1856 philistinic1869 undoctrined1869 Philistine1871 Philistinish1871 roughneck1906 lowbrow1907 low-level1916 no-brow1922 bohunk1957 bakya1960 1684 J. Evelyn Let. 8 June in S. Pepys Corr. (1926) I. 23 He..bravely inlarges the empire of our narrow speculations and repent spirits, whose contemplations extend no farther than their sense. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). repentv. Brit. /rᵻˈpɛnt/, U.S. /rəˈpɛnt/, /riˈpɛnt/ Forms: Middle English repenti (south.), Middle English repenty (south.), Middle English repentye (south.), Middle English–1500s repente, Middle English– repent, 1500s–1600s repent (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 rapent, pre-1700 reapent, pre-1700 repente, pre-1700 repentt, pre-1700 1700s– repent. Also past tense Middle English rependyd (perhaps transmission error), late Middle English repent, late Middle English repente, late Middle English repenyd (transmission error). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French repentir. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman repenter, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French repentir (French repentir ; now only in reflexive use) (reflexive) to renounce (something) or cease (to do something) (c1100), (reflexive) to feel contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin (c1100 with reference to an action or fault, 1119 in religious context with reference to sin; sometimes also in intransitive and transitive use), (reflexive) to change one's mind (1283) < post-classical Latin repoenitere (9th cent.) < classical Latin re- re- prefix + paenitēre (see penitent adj.). Compare Old Occitan repentir (c1220), Spanish †repentirse (1207; now arrepentirse (a1251)), Portuguese †repender (13th cent. as rrepender ; now arrepender (1344)), Italian ripentirsi (early 13th cent.). Compare earlier repentant adj. 1. a. intransitive. To review one's actions and feel contrition or regret for something one has done or omitted to do; (esp. in religious contexts) to acknowledge the sinfulness of one's past action or conduct by showing sincere remorse and undertaking to reform in the future. Formerly also in weakened sense: †to change one's mind (obsolete). Frequently with of; occasionally with for, at, †on. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)] rueOE i-rewOE ofthinkOE again-chareOE reusieOE overthinkc1175 beetc1200 it athinks me1250 to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300 (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300 repentc1300 forthinkc1380 remordc1450 repoin1523 remorse1530 to take the rue1789 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > be penitent [verb (intransitive)] i-rewOE reusieOE to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300 repentc1300 c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) 104 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 222 Ȝoure on schal atta ende Repenti er he come aȝe, & al quic to helle wende. a1325 St. Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) 151 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 13 (MED) Hy repentede of hore dede. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 437 (MED) At þe laste he repented [L. ad cor rediens] and resigned up þe riȝt of holy cherche frely to pope Kalixte. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 419 Er ye haue your right of holy cherche Ye may repente of wedded mannes lyf. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 3 Judas..repentide [c1384 E.V. led by penaunce or forthenkynge; L. poenitentia ductus], and brouȝte aȝen the thretti pans to the princis of prestis. a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 58 (MED) Þe deede & þe ende of hastines is to repente. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Diiii Whan so euer any synner repenteth, and is sory for his offences towarde god. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jonah iii. 10 He repented on the euell, which he sayde he wolde do vnto them, and dyd it not. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 4 Well, ile repent and that suddainly. View more context for this quotation 1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 60 This middlemost mansion is appointed for such Soules whose whole man hath not perfectly repent in this world. 1667 M. Poole Dialogue between Popish Priest & Protestant 10 A thousand of their sins are venial, which, though not repented of, will not exclude them from the favour of God. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 163 None teach Repentance like true Penitents: He wants nothing but to repent. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xii. 77 A scene, in which a mind like yours will find nothing to repent of. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. i. 23 If your purpose is evil, pause a moment, and repent. 1818 S. Parr Wks. (1828) VIII. 640 I repent not at the gift. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 234 No light had we: for that we do repent. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 372 Nor do I now repent of the manner of my defence. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View ii. 25 You will never repent of a little civility to your inferiors. 1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman xvi. 246 No head, Ger! no head at all! Might even have repented of it as soon as he'd pulled the trigger. 1989 S. Bedford Jigsaw iv. 243 Even my ex-Church regards it as an absolvable sin if you repent. 2005 J. Weyland Saving Kristen viii. 125 Then I think you should take the sacrament. That is what it's for—to help us repent of our mistakes. b. transitive. With the action, fault, or sin as object. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent (sin, wrongdoing, etc.) [verb (transitive)] bireusyc1000 birewec1175 ruea1200 repenta1325 sorrya1450 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > make penitent [verb (transitive)] > feel penitent about repenta1325 a1325 Septuagesima (Corpus Cambr.) l. 12 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 128 (MED) We ssolleþ wiþ sorwe of heorte oure penance lede And aȝen þe time of Leinte repenty oure misdede. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5107 (MED) Oure mis dede we repente ay. c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 235 (MED) Yf stories ben profitable to repent this pride, rede we Titu Liuius. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 418 She..in that gret wrethe out of the paleyce went, Seying to herself that chere shuld þey repent. c1537 T. Cranmer Let. in Remains (1833) I. 207 Both you and I may repent our dallying. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 511 To him that intendeth to repent those thinges wherein he hath offended. 1611 W. Sclater Key to Key of Script. 165 If the thing couenanted be lawfull, rashnesse must be repented: but the promise performed. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 146 The soft Napæan Race will soon repent Their Anger, and remit the Punishment. View more context for this quotation 1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. IV. 95 He declared..they should one day repent their insolence and presumption. 1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. 53 For a few minutes I repented my temerity. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) II. vii. 187 William declared..that he would make the most Christian king repent the outrage. 1901 F. E. Fremantle Impressions Doctor in Khaki v. 272 The Chronicler..says that Manasseh bitterly repented his sin during his captivity at Babylon. 1967 ‘Iceberg Slim’ Pimp xx. 282 She was bugging me to embrace the Holy Ghost and the Fire. She begged me to square up and repent my sins. 1985 A. Kenny Path from Rome i. 29 A voluntary dwelling on a sexual fantasy put one in danger of Hell if not promptly repented and confessed. 2008 London Lite (Nexis) 5 June 15 Perhaps she said 10 Hail Marys and repented her sins for flying British Airways. 2. a. transitive (reflexive). To feel contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin. Formerly also in weakened sense: †to change one's mind (obsolete). Also with of, for, that. Now (only with objective personal pronoun) archaic. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent [verb (reflexive)] forthinka1300 repentc1300 resent1618 relent1685 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > be penitent [verb (reflexive)] repentc1300 c1300 St. Edward Elder (Laud) 173 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 52 (MED) Of hire misdedes heo repentede hire sore. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 39 (MED) For so may man repenti hym, Þat þer uolȝeþ no peyne. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7308 (MED) Ful sare yee sal repent yow. a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 57 (MED) He repentyd hym þat he had not don aftyr hir cownsel. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xv They that be glad..of the praysynge of flaterers oftyme repente them therof. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 63 (MED) Repent þe noght of þinges passyd, for þat ys a propirte to feble women. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxiii. 68 I repent me that I hadde not beleuyd you. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iv. 273 I repent me that the Duke is slaine. View more context for this quotation 1619 Visct. Doncaster Let. in S. R. Gardiner Lett. Relations Eng. & Germany (1865) 1st Ser. 207 I now repent me of it, hearing the niewes of Moravia confirmed from all parts. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 187 I formerly was a great companion of his, (for the which I now repent me). View more context for this quotation 1709 W. King Misc. Prose & Verse 534 Looking round him saw a handsom Room, And did not much repent him he was come. 1767 B. Thornton tr. Plautus Amphitryon iii. ii, in B. Thornton et al. tr. Plautus Comedies II. 81 He repents him it had e'er been said, What he alledg'd against me innocent. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Edward Gray in Poems II. 180 I repent me of all I did. 1881 A. C. Swinburne Mary Stuart ii. ii. 79 I am glad, and I repent me not, to know I have the writing in my bosom sealed. 1954 F. T. Prince Coll. Poems (1993) 72 Yet I do not repent me; I remain in my pain that is. 1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses vii. ii. 420 The matrons stated their conviction that Mr Battuta had honestly repented him of his error. b. transitive. To cause (a person) to feel contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin. Chiefly with non-referential it as subject (formerly also impersonal). Now rare. ΚΠ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 5328 (MED) That was more for likinge, To have his lust, than for weddinge..Which him repenteth ate laste. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1392 (MED) It sall repent vs full sore and we ryde forthire. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) vii. viii. sig. m.vii^v Me repenteth grene knyghte of your dommage. a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) 896 (MED) Countenaunce of love she wolde non make..And that repent her syth full ille. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxlvij It shall not repent them of y^t seruice. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxxviii. 123 It repented him that he let go Demetrius. 1664 in G. Miege Relation of Three Embassies (1669) 273 This indeed would repent me, for the World will take more notice of it. 1717 Entertainers No. 11. 72 It can never repent us to endeavour to tread in the Steps of those bright Examples. 1795 C. Anstey Monopolist 9 Soon it did repent Him sore He'd issued such a Warrant. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 34 It doth repent me: words are quick and vain. 1878 A. C. Swinburne Triumph of Time xxi Will it not one day in heaven repent you? 1907 J. Davidson Triumph of Mammon v. ii. 137 You are now delivered up, Unless it shall repent you, to be quenched As fire is quenched in water. †c. transitive. In passive. To be filled with contrition or regret for an action, fault, or sin. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 71 (MED) They that be confession are clensed and repented..shulde not loke bakwarde ayenne to do synne. 1530 Thorpe's Examinacion 109 I say to thee, that in the turning about of thy hand such a sinner may be verily repented. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin ix. 513 [He] ended his life within fiftene dayes, expressing deuoutly somewhat affore his death, how greatly he was repented and remorsed of the vexations he had done to the Church. 3. transitive. To view or think of (any action, occasion, or thing) with dissatisfaction and regret, esp. because of unwelcome consequences for oneself; to be sorry for, regret. Formerly also with that-clause as object. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent (sin, wrongdoing, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > repent (an action) repentc1380 relent1590 resent1618 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 261 (MED) Þan he by-gan repentye sare þat he haþ greued his Eem. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 256 (MED) Do ȝit be..consaile, þou salle not it repent [Fr. ne averez repentaunce]. 1465 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 137 For that or for some other cause he repentyth his bargeyn and woll nomore of it. a1500 (a1400) Sir Cleges (Adv.) (1930) 434 (MED) I repent my grauntetynge That i to þe made. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 297^v Yet do I nothyng repente my first aduise & counsaill. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 117 Content with Hermia? No: I doe repent The tedious minutes, I with her haue spent. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 179 I could hardly keepe him from falling down most steepe mountaines..which made me repent the buying of him. 1640 W. Habington Hist. Edward IV 108 They would sell their lives at so deere a rate, that the King might repent his purchase. 1665 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 151 My ffather shod say and haue cas to repent that he did drive them vp. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 262 I was so much pleas'd with it, I have not yet repented my seeing it. 1760 G. Washington Diary 7 Mar. (1976) I. 251 The Ground being well sworded over & very heavy plowing I repented putting them [sc. horses] in at all. 1805 T. Harral Scenes of Life I. 49 The landlord began to repent his kindness. 1885 J. Runciman Skippers & Shellbacks 238 Bitterly repented having come out with nothing but his water-ballast. 1912 W. S. Gilbert Sensation Novel I. 11 Unhand me, coward, or my shrieks shall bring those around you who will make you repent the day you laid a hand on old John Grey's daughter. 1914 G. K. Chesterton Wisdom of Father Brown (1992) 184 He began to repent the coat he had left behind him. 1989 I. Taylor George Eliot (1990) ix. 103 Marian came to repent her hasty judgement based on outward appearances. 2001 A. S. Park in A. S. Park & A. L. Nelson Other Side Sin ii. 49 David repented his sin and was forgiven. †4. a. intransitive. To mourn. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)] sorroweOE sorryeOE careOE heavyOE mournOE rueOE murkenOE dole13.. likec1330 wailc1374 ensorrowc1384 gloppen?a1400 sytea1400 teena1400 grievec1400 angera1425 erme1481 yearna1500 aggrieve1559 discomfort?a1560 melancholyc1580 to eat one's (own) heart1590 repent1590 passion1598 sigh1642 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. viii. sig. Kk8 Dead..thou maist aread Henceforth for euer Florimell to bee, That all the noble knights..May sore repent with mee. b. transitive. To mourn (a death). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (transitive)] forthink?a1250 ruea1300 remordc1400 sorrow?a1425 forruec1425 overthinkc1450 regreta1500 deplore1567 grieve1597 unwish1629 repent1631 lament1794 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 33 Whose death..all the world repented. 1662 Duchess of Newcastle Orations Divers Sorts ii. 45 An Oration to Souldiers, which repent the Death of their General. †5. transitive. With out. To live the rest of one's life feeling deep regret for one's actions. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent (sin, wrongdoing, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > live out in repentance repenta1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 247 My offences being many, I would repent out the remainder of Nature. View more context for this quotation This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1573adj.¹1598adj.²1669v.c1300
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† repentn.

† repentadj.1

repentadj.2

repentv.

† repentadj.¹

repentadj.²