retortionn.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈtɔːʃn/, U.S.

/rəˈtɔrʃ(ə)n/,

/riˈtɔrʃ(ə)n/

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retort v.¹, -ion suffix¹.

Etymology: Apparently < retort v.¹ + -ion suffix¹; compare -tion suffix. Compare post-classical Latin retortion- , retortio (1625 or earlier in a British source). Compare distortion n., extortion n., etc., and also retorsion n.

†1.

a. The action of responding to an argument by using it against its originator. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent

retorting1509

retortion1574

recrimination1585

retorsion1624

retortment1649

discriminationa1670

whataboutery1974

whataboutism1978

1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. xvii. 649 Retortion by absurditie.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 422 Deniall, is too hostile,..Retortion, is more wittie than profitable.

1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 181 Answer by Retortion, is when we shew that the mean or proof brought by the adversary maketh for us.

1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 132 'Twas justly charged by way of retortion upon them.

1732 E. Erskine Serm. & Disc. (1761) II. vii. 338 Unto this objection I might answer by way of retortion.

1761 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. III. 333 These gentlemen..had weakened the most sensible argument we have for the being of God,..and gave an opportunity to the Stratonicians to elude it by retortion.

b. A response made to an argument by turning it against its originator. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent > instance of

retortion1600

recrimination1604

recharge1637

tu quoque1671

counter-motion1893

1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 100 Bernardine of Beneuento..obtained..the fauour of a most beautifull ladie, onely for this gentle and wittie retortion [It. botta]: for she saying that it was very hot about his lodging; hee wittily answered:..from Beneuento (which signifieth in Italian good winde) there can not come but fresh and fine cooles!

1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. xviii. 32 The old Rethoricians vsed to dissolue this kinde of Argument..by retorting it, called in greeke ἀντιστροϕὴ, a conuersion, or retortion [L. conuersione].

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vii. 73 There are Syllogismes, long swords; Enthymems, short daggers..Retortions, which are targets with a pike in the midst of them, both to defend and oppose.

1708 Life Mr Bayle 179 in tr. P. Bayle Misc. Refl. Comet II. There was no room for a Retortion from the Stratonists.

1765 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses (ed. 4) IV. v. iv. 314 I..cannot profit by it, the argument lying exposed to so terrible a retortion.

c. Conversion or turning of a person's argument, charge, etc., against him or her, or into an opposite sense. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent > use of

inversion1532

retortion1600

1600 F. Hastings Apol. or Def. Watch-word 5 If I had leasure to stand vpon iust retortion of vniust accusations.

1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists 116 For your retortion of my Zoar and Sodome: I can giue you leaue to be wittie.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. x. 70 Mr. George Herbert..made a most ingenious retortion of this Hexastick.

1763 T. Smollett Contin. Compl. Hist. Eng. (new ed.) II. 381 With a refutation of the arguments adduced, and a retortion of the reproaches levelled against the king.

1853 Brownson's Q. Rev. Oct. 464 We make these remarks with no feelings of harshness or ill-will towards the Canadians, nor are we ignorant that our own country lies greatly exposed to a retortion of the argument.

1865 Christian Remembrancer Apr. 318 A brief and pointed retortion of an argument, producing much the same sort of ‘gay surprise’, as a witty repartee.

d. A sharp reply or riposte. Cf. retort n.² 2a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > a sharp answer, retort

regestion1565

snaphance1598

regest1609

retortion1609

retort1610

retractation1637

riposte1877

comeback1908

answer-back1921

the short answer to (something) is1955

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 304 Neuer could this Censurer haue made a more vntimely and vnfitting retortion then at this instant.

1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 159 Their retortion here upon us is very silly, that we do put Christian infants in as evill a condition as they.

1682 G. Vernon Life P. Heylyn 235 The Retortion that Mr. Selden made to one in the House of Commons.

†2. The action or fact of bending or turning backwards; twisting; an instance of this. Also figurative. Cf. retorsion n. 1 Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [noun] > turning backwards

retorsion1605

retortion1608

retroversion1661

1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) i. iii. 65 Our Sea whose divers-brancht retortions [1605 retorsions] Divide the World in three vnequall Portions.

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 35 Since the beginning of all ages, the Rivers have glyded quietly without retortion towards their Fountaines.

1663 J. Spencer Disc. Prodigies (1665) 253 They will appear (like the Staff of Egypt) either to break under, or, by an easie retortion, to pierce and wound it self.

1701 W. Anstruther Ess., Moral & Divine i. 1 By a certain kind of serpentine Involution and Retortion.

1813 J. Forsyth Remarks Excurs. Italy 234 The age, the expression, the retortion of head [etc.].

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xlv. 497 Some occupation which, by concentrating our attention on external objects, shall divert it from a retortion on ourselves.

3. Return for something done; retaliation. Now chiefly: (International Law) lawful retaliation by a state against (the subjects of) another; an instance of this. Cf. retorsion n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [noun]

gain-giving1489

retaliation1546

reciprocation1561

counterchange1586

return1591

paying back1598

revying1610

gratuity1614

quida1616

retreat?1615

retortion1636

retortment1649

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] > retaliation or retribution

yieldinga1340

talion1412

retributiona1425

recompensec1425

recompensationa1513

requitement1548

retaliation1581

lex talionis1597

requital1597

retaling1597

taliationa1601

law of retalion1607

talio1611

retail1615

retorsion1637

repercussion1641

retributing1645

reddition1656

retortion1762

poetical justice1796

utu1828

retort1836

quits1865

poetic justice1991

society > law > administration of justice > [noun] > treatment same as own subjects

retortion1885

society > law > legal right > [noun] > civil rights > reciprocal international treatment

retortion1885

1636 J. Trussell Contin. Coll. Hist. Eng. 182 They were sent empty away, but not without..either foule language or some blowes, & sometimes both, which occasioned retortion & partakers.

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 126 He violated all rights;..And what I have done, was on equall retortion to his merit.

1762 Gentleman's Mag. July 322/2 In natural defence, and necessary retortion, they be treated as aggressors.

1824 H. Wheaton Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 9 5 This act of New-Jersey is called an act of retortion against the illegal and oppressive legislation of New-York.

1885 P. Cobbett Cases Internat. Law 100 Retortion consists in treating the subjects of another State in the same way as that State has treated one's own subjects.

1948 Columbia Law Rev. 48 344 All enforcement actions short of war provided for by international law are limited to the exercise of pressure upon the recalcitrant government, such as diplomatic protests, intervention, retortion, reprisal, blockade, all of which leave the territorial sovereignty of the law-breaking state intact.

1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 Feb. d1/3 If we do not settle the major problems then, we will enter into a cycle of measures and countermeasures, retortions and counterretortions, which will lead quickly to catastrophe.

2005 B. A. Boczek Internat. Law ii. 113 Retortion includes such actions as severance of diplomatic relations,..limiting or cutting off trade or economic aid,..and denial of various kinds of rights to the nationals of the offending state.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retortion
释义	retortionn.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈtɔːʃn/, U.S. /rəˈtɔrʃ(ə)n/, /riˈtɔrʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retort v.¹, -ion suffix¹. Etymology: Apparently < retort v.¹ + -ion suffix¹; compare -tion suffix. Compare post-classical Latin retortion- , retortio (1625 or earlier in a British source). Compare distortion n., extortion n., etc., and also retorsion n. †1. a. The action of responding to an argument by using it against its originator. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent retorting1509 retortion1574 recrimination1585 retorsion1624 retortment1649 discriminationa1670 whataboutery1974 whataboutism1978 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. xvii. 649 Retortion by absurditie. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 422 Deniall, is too hostile,..Retortion, is more wittie than profitable. 1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 181 Answer by Retortion, is when we shew that the mean or proof brought by the adversary maketh for us. 1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 132 'Twas justly charged by way of retortion upon them. 1732 E. Erskine Serm. & Disc. (1761) II. vii. 338 Unto this objection I might answer by way of retortion. 1761 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. III. 333 These gentlemen..had weakened the most sensible argument we have for the being of God,..and gave an opportunity to the Stratonicians to elude it by retortion. b. A response made to an argument by turning it against its originator. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent > instance of retortion1600 recrimination1604 recharge1637 tu quoque1671 counter-motion1893 1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 100 Bernardine of Beneuento..obtained..the fauour of a most beautifull ladie, onely for this gentle and wittie retortion [It. botta]: for she saying that it was very hot about his lodging; hee wittily answered:..from Beneuento (which signifieth in Italian good winde) there can not come but fresh and fine cooles! 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. xviii. 32 The old Rethoricians vsed to dissolue this kinde of Argument..by retorting it, called in greeke ἀντιστροϕὴ, a conuersion, or retortion [L. conuersione]. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vii. 73 There are Syllogismes, long swords; Enthymems, short daggers..Retortions, which are targets with a pike in the midst of them, both to defend and oppose. 1708 Life Mr Bayle 179 in tr. P. Bayle Misc. Refl. Comet II. There was no room for a Retortion from the Stratonists. 1765 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses (ed. 4) IV. v. iv. 314 I..cannot profit by it, the argument lying exposed to so terrible a retortion. c. Conversion or turning of a person's argument, charge, etc., against him or her, or into an opposite sense. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent > use of inversion1532 retortion1600 1600 F. Hastings Apol. or Def. Watch-word 5 If I had leasure to stand vpon iust retortion of vniust accusations. 1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists 116 For your retortion of my Zoar and Sodome: I can giue you leaue to be wittie. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. x. 70 Mr. George Herbert..made a most ingenious retortion of this Hexastick. 1763 T. Smollett Contin. Compl. Hist. Eng. (new ed.) II. 381 With a refutation of the arguments adduced, and a retortion of the reproaches levelled against the king. 1853 Brownson's Q. Rev. Oct. 464 We make these remarks with no feelings of harshness or ill-will towards the Canadians, nor are we ignorant that our own country lies greatly exposed to a retortion of the argument. 1865 Christian Remembrancer Apr. 318 A brief and pointed retortion of an argument, producing much the same sort of ‘gay surprise’, as a witty repartee. d. A sharp reply or riposte. Cf. retort n.² 2a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > a sharp answer, retort regestion1565 snaphance1598 regest1609 retortion1609 retort1610 retractation1637 riposte1877 comeback1908 answer-back1921 the short answer to (something) is1955 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 304 Neuer could this Censurer haue made a more vntimely and vnfitting retortion then at this instant. 1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 159 Their retortion here upon us is very silly, that we do put Christian infants in as evill a condition as they. 1682 G. Vernon Life P. Heylyn 235 The Retortion that Mr. Selden made to one in the House of Commons. †2. The action or fact of bending or turning backwards; twisting; an instance of this. Also figurative. Cf. retorsion n. 1 Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [noun] > turning backwards retorsion1605 retortion1608 retroversion1661 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) i. iii. 65 Our Sea whose divers-brancht retortions [1605 retorsions] Divide the World in three vnequall Portions. 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 35 Since the beginning of all ages, the Rivers have glyded quietly without retortion towards their Fountaines. 1663 J. Spencer Disc. Prodigies (1665) 253 They will appear (like the Staff of Egypt) either to break under, or, by an easie retortion, to pierce and wound it self. 1701 W. Anstruther Ess., Moral & Divine i. 1 By a certain kind of serpentine Involution and Retortion. 1813 J. Forsyth Remarks Excurs. Italy 234 The age, the expression, the retortion of head [etc.]. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xlv. 497 Some occupation which, by concentrating our attention on external objects, shall divert it from a retortion on ourselves. 3. Return for something done; retaliation. Now chiefly: (International Law) lawful retaliation by a state against (the subjects of) another; an instance of this. Cf. retorsion n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [noun] gain-giving1489 retaliation1546 reciprocation1561 counterchange1586 return1591 paying back1598 revying1610 gratuity1614 quida1616 retreat?1615 retortion1636 retortment1649 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] > retaliation or retribution yieldinga1340 talion1412 retributiona1425 recompensec1425 recompensationa1513 requitement1548 retaliation1581 lex talionis1597 requital1597 retaling1597 taliationa1601 law of retalion1607 talio1611 retail1615 retorsion1637 repercussion1641 retributing1645 reddition1656 retortion1762 poetical justice1796 utu1828 retort1836 quits1865 poetic justice1991 society > law > administration of justice > [noun] > treatment same as own subjects retortion1885 society > law > legal right > [noun] > civil rights > reciprocal international treatment retortion1885 1636 J. Trussell Contin. Coll. Hist. Eng. 182 They were sent empty away, but not without..either foule language or some blowes, & sometimes both, which occasioned retortion & partakers. 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 126 He violated all rights;..And what I have done, was on equall retortion to his merit. 1762 Gentleman's Mag. July 322/2 In natural defence, and necessary retortion, they be treated as aggressors. 1824 H. Wheaton Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 9 5 This act of New-Jersey is called an act of retortion against the illegal and oppressive legislation of New-York. 1885 P. Cobbett Cases Internat. Law 100 Retortion consists in treating the subjects of another State in the same way as that State has treated one's own subjects. 1948 Columbia Law Rev. 48 344 All enforcement actions short of war provided for by international law are limited to the exercise of pressure upon the recalcitrant government, such as diplomatic protests, intervention, retortion, reprisal, blockade, all of which leave the territorial sovereignty of the law-breaking state intact. 1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 Feb. d1/3 If we do not settle the major problems then, we will enter into a cycle of measures and countermeasures, retortions and counterretortions, which will lead quickly to catastrophe. 2005 B. A. Boczek Internat. Law ii. 113 Retortion includes such actions as severance of diplomatic relations,..limiting or cutting off trade or economic aid,..and denial of various kinds of rights to the nationals of the offending state. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † retortionn.² Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retort n.¹, -ion suffix¹. Etymology: Apparently irregularly < retort n.¹ + -ion suffix¹(compare -tion suffix), probably after retortion n.¹ Obsolete. rare. The process of heating or purifying a substance in a retort. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > miscellaneous other processes redintegrationa1550 decoction1555 fixion1555 cementation1592 fumigation1617 spiritualization1651 retortion1657 rocking1673 phosphorizationa1687 concentration1689 humectation1706 animalization1733 hyperoxygenation1793 bituminization1804 assimilation1830 metamorphosis1843 transformation1857 retorting1858 tincturation1860 regeneration1869 nitrification1880 diagenesis1886 aluminothermy1900 aluminothermics1902 photoprocess1910 olation1931 mass transfer1937 reconcentration1956 tritiation1961 borohydride reduction1965 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. ii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. N2^v It is also called a distillation by retortion [L. destillatio per retortam]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹1574n.²1657
随便看	pre-nuclear pre-objective pre-observational pre-obtain pre-obtaining pre-oedipal pre-oedipus pre-oidium pre-op pre-open pre-open era pre-operate pre-operation pre-operational pre-opinion pre-option pre-oral pre-orally pre-order pre-ordered pre-ordering pre-orders pre-ordinance pre-ordinate pre-ordinately

retortionn.1

† retortionn.2

retortionn.¹

† retortionn.²