retractorn.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈtraktə/, U.S.

/rəˈtræktər/,

/riˈtræktər/

Inflections: Plural retractors, (in names of specific muscles with Latin genitive) retractores.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retract v.¹, -or suffix.

Etymology: < retract v.¹ + -or suffix. Compare French rétracteur that retracts (a statement), that rescinds (1612 or earlier; 1805 in muscle rétracteur).

1. Anatomy and Zoology. More fully retractor muscle. A muscle that serves to pull in a retractile body part, or to move a part downwards or backwards. Frequently with distinguishing scientific Latin word (in the genitive), denoting the part retracted.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [noun]

sphincter1578

raiser1588

in-muscle?1609

oblique1612

abducens1615

abductor1615

adductor1615

antagonist1615

bender1615

depressor1615

extender1615

flexor1615

levator1615

quadratus1615

rectus1615

retractor1615

sphincter-muscle1615

accelerator1638

bicepsa1641

elevator1646

adducent1649

lifter1649

rotator1657

flector1666

contractor1682

dilater1683

orbicularis palpebrarum1694

transverse muscle1696

tensor muscle1704

biventer1706

extensor1713

attollent1728

constrictor1741

dilator1741

risibles1785

orbicularis oculi1797

obliquus1799

erector1828

extensor-muscle1830

compressor1836

trans-muscle1836

antagonizer1844

motor1846

evertor1848

inflector1851

protractor1853

prime mover1860

orbicular1872

transversalis1872

invertor1875

skeletal muscle1877

dilatator1878

occlusor muscle1878

sphincter1879

pilomotor1892

agonist1896

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια x. xv. 759 Therefore also they were made small and thin, round and long, their motion beeing but easie. for the Iaw fals downward with his owne weight, and therefore needed no strong retractor.

1694 W. Cowper Μυοτομια Reformata ix. 55 The Common, are those which move the Alæ together with the Upper Lip, as the Retractores, and Constrictores Alarum Nasi.

1713 P. Blair Osteographia Elephantina 27 Here when the Elevator and Depressor, or Retractor act together on either side, then there is a lateral Motion.

1713 W. Cheselden Anat. Humane Body iii. 47 Retractor Auriculæ, arises by one, two or three small portions from the Temporal Bone above the Mamillary Process, and is inserted into the Ear to pull it Backwards.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 164 It was even at this time generally understood, that the muscles of the ear perform voluntary motion: one of the retractors of this organ was also discovered.

1813 A. Fyfe Outl. Compar. Anat. 292 The Penis [of reptiles] has two Retractor Muscles, which run from the Pelvis to the under side of the Glans.

1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 548 The action of the retractores spiracula muscles necessarily tends to contract the segments and close the spiracles.

1883 D. W. Thompson tr. H. Müller Fertilisation of Flowers 59 The bee by rotating the retractors..draws back the mentum, and with it the tongue.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) vii. 96 Close to the adductors are the smaller protractor and retractor muscles of the foot.

1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iv. 37/1 Pharyngeal muscles, or retractores arcuum branchialium, run from the upper pharyngeal bones to the vertebral column and function in operating the pharyngeal jaws.

2. Surgery. Any of numerous devices (now usually metal instruments of different shapes and sizes) used to hold open an incision or orifice, or to hold structures away from the field of operation. Frequently with distinguishing word denoting the name of the surgeon who developed a specific retractor, or the part of the body on which it is used.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > equipment to retain parts in place

retentive1481

retinaculum1634

remora1674

retractor1758

adjustera1884

pack1916

1758 B. Gooch Cases Surg. 123 In Pl. 8. is the figure of a retractor made of firm strong leather, which I invented and first used in 1739.

1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 288 Instead of passing the retractors under the lids, Guerin prefers in each case applying them on the cutaneous surface.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 482 The upper lid was raised with Noyes's retractor.

1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 217 Harelip, mouth and cleft palate instruments...Mouth Retractor.

1973 Med. Jrnl. Austral. 25 Aug. 367/1 The brain is..divided with a blunt dissector sufficiently to allow introduction of a lighted malleable brain retractor.

1986 D. Koontz Strangers ii. v. 396 As a medical student, she had stood in an operating room and had seen a patient's thorax held open by surgical retractors.

2002 Daily Tel. 23 July 5/2 We have jargon. I might ask the nurse in theatre to pass me the fish slice. We all know that this is a type of retractor.

3. A mechanism or device which pulls something back or in; spec. the part of a breech-loading gun which removes the cartridge after firing. Cf. extractor n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > device to withdraw used cartridge

retractor1850

1850 U.S. Patent 7,026 1/2 The projection..is retracted from the cavity..by the cam..on the compound tumbler and retractor.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1925/2 Retractor, a device by which the metallic cartridge-cases employed in breech-loading guns are withdrawn after firing.

1919 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 187 247 The recoil drives backward the breech-bolt and barrel... The backward motion compresses the retractor and mainsprings.

1972 National Observer (U.S.) 27 May 9/4 The American Safety Belt Council contends that inertia reels are no more expensive than the locking retractors on this year's lap belts.

1994 M. M. Smith Only Forward 145 The retractor in a microcable dispenser is strong enough to handle small loads.

4. Chess. A problem which involves retracting one or more assumed moves before making forward moves to resolve it.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > problems

jeopardyc1369

problem1817

Indian problem1846

mover1868

Indian1878

retractive problem1890

waiting problem1891

retractor1893

help-mate1897

sui1897

miniature1903

waiter1906

grab theme1909

fairy chess1914

King's (or Queen's) Indian1931

1893 Brit. Chess Mag. Christmas 56 Retractor.—No. 7... White to Retract his last move, and mate in two moves.

1902 Brit. Chess Mag. 455 Two-move retractors.

1937 T. R. Dawson Caissa's Wild Roses 14/1 A simple changed-mate retractor theme.

1984 Oxf. Compan. Chess 280/1 The earliest retractor involving retrograde analysis was by the English composer Francis Charles Collins (1843–98).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

retractorn.²

Brit.

/rᵻˈtraktə/, U.S.

/rəˈtræktər/,

/riˈtræktər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retract v.², -or suffix.

Etymology: < retract v.² + -or suffix. In quotations 1656, 1688 after ancient Greek μεταθέμενος (medio-passive participle of μετατιθέναι in sense ‘to change his or her mind’), with reference to Dionysius of Heraclea, who went over from the Stoics to the Cyrenaics.

A person who retracts a statement or accusation, withdraws from an undertaking, etc.; (now) spec. a person who withdraws an accusation of childhood abuse, esp. such an accusation deriving from a recovered memory (cf. recovered memory syndrome at recovered adj. Compounds).

ΚΠ

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. v. 6 To Dionysius sirnamed μεταθέμενος the retractor, who asked him, why he corrected all but himselfe.

1660 To King's most Sacred Majesty & Clemency (single sheet) Consider..whether a Conditional Proviso of strict indispensable execution of the said Penalties upon any perfidious Retractor may not sufficiently answer the Objection.

1688 tr. Diogenes Lives, Opinions & Sayings Anc. Philosophers 480 To one Dionysius, a frequent Retractor of his own Opinions, who ask'd Why he did not correct himself? Because, said he, I do not believe thee.

1753 Parl. Hist. Eng. X. 455 Most of these Subscribers were the Retractors of their Names from that Petition.

1811 F. Plowden Hist. Ireland 1801–10 III. v. 837 The forced apologies for the retractors, viz. that they acted under threat.

1886 Atlantic Reporter 5 841 Much may depend upon the sincerity and earnestness of the retractor's efforts to counteract his fault.

1972 Federal Reporter (Lexis) 2nd Ser. 463 49 If otherwise admissible, the dying statements would present a more substantial discretionary issue... See, e. g., Martin v. United States,..in which the Court held that a youthful retractor had been taken advantage of by reason of his youth and absence from home.

1993 Washington Post (Nexis) 27 June c1 That..suggestions can actually lead someone to falsely believe she was sexually abused may be a hard pill to swallow. Hearing the life stories of scores of ‘retractors’ might help the pill go down more easily.

2005 Social Probl. 52 541 If a potential retractor seeks to end the estrangement with her or his parents for any reason, [etc.].

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retractor
释义	retractorn.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈtraktə/, U.S. /rəˈtræktər/, /riˈtræktər/ Inflections: Plural retractors, (in names of specific muscles with Latin genitive) retractores. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retract v.¹, -or suffix. Etymology: < retract v.¹ + -or suffix. Compare French rétracteur that retracts (a statement), that rescinds (1612 or earlier; 1805 in muscle rétracteur). 1. Anatomy and Zoology. More fully retractor muscle. A muscle that serves to pull in a retractile body part, or to move a part downwards or backwards. Frequently with distinguishing scientific Latin word (in the genitive), denoting the part retracted. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [noun] sphincter1578 raiser1588 in-muscle?1609 oblique1612 abducens1615 abductor1615 adductor1615 antagonist1615 bender1615 depressor1615 extender1615 flexor1615 levator1615 quadratus1615 rectus1615 retractor1615 sphincter-muscle1615 accelerator1638 bicepsa1641 elevator1646 adducent1649 lifter1649 rotator1657 flector1666 contractor1682 dilater1683 orbicularis palpebrarum1694 transverse muscle1696 tensor muscle1704 biventer1706 extensor1713 attollent1728 constrictor1741 dilator1741 risibles1785 orbicularis oculi1797 obliquus1799 erector1828 extensor-muscle1830 compressor1836 trans-muscle1836 antagonizer1844 motor1846 evertor1848 inflector1851 protractor1853 prime mover1860 orbicular1872 transversalis1872 invertor1875 skeletal muscle1877 dilatator1878 occlusor muscle1878 sphincter1879 pilomotor1892 agonist1896 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια x. xv. 759 Therefore also they were made small and thin, round and long, their motion beeing but easie. for the Iaw fals downward with his owne weight, and therefore needed no strong retractor. 1694 W. Cowper Μυοτομια Reformata ix. 55 The Common, are those which move the Alæ together with the Upper Lip, as the Retractores, and Constrictores Alarum Nasi. 1713 P. Blair Osteographia Elephantina 27 Here when the Elevator and Depressor, or Retractor act together on either side, then there is a lateral Motion. 1713 W. Cheselden Anat. Humane Body iii. 47 Retractor Auriculæ, arises by one, two or three small portions from the Temporal Bone above the Mamillary Process, and is inserted into the Ear to pull it Backwards. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 164 It was even at this time generally understood, that the muscles of the ear perform voluntary motion: one of the retractors of this organ was also discovered. 1813 A. Fyfe Outl. Compar. Anat. 292 The Penis [of reptiles] has two Retractor Muscles, which run from the Pelvis to the under side of the Glans. 1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 548 The action of the retractores spiracula muscles necessarily tends to contract the segments and close the spiracles. 1883 D. W. Thompson tr. H. Müller Fertilisation of Flowers 59 The bee by rotating the retractors..draws back the mentum, and with it the tongue. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) vii. 96 Close to the adductors are the smaller protractor and retractor muscles of the foot. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iv. 37/1 Pharyngeal muscles, or retractores arcuum branchialium, run from the upper pharyngeal bones to the vertebral column and function in operating the pharyngeal jaws. 2. Surgery. Any of numerous devices (now usually metal instruments of different shapes and sizes) used to hold open an incision or orifice, or to hold structures away from the field of operation. Frequently with distinguishing word denoting the name of the surgeon who developed a specific retractor, or the part of the body on which it is used. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > equipment to retain parts in place retentive1481 retinaculum1634 remora1674 retractor1758 adjustera1884 pack1916 1758 B. Gooch Cases Surg. 123 In Pl. 8. is the figure of a retractor made of firm strong leather, which I invented and first used in 1739. 1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 288 Instead of passing the retractors under the lids, Guerin prefers in each case applying them on the cutaneous surface. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 482 The upper lid was raised with Noyes's retractor. 1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 217 Harelip, mouth and cleft palate instruments...Mouth Retractor. 1973 Med. Jrnl. Austral. 25 Aug. 367/1 The brain is..divided with a blunt dissector sufficiently to allow introduction of a lighted malleable brain retractor. 1986 D. Koontz Strangers ii. v. 396 As a medical student, she had stood in an operating room and had seen a patient's thorax held open by surgical retractors. 2002 Daily Tel. 23 July 5/2 We have jargon. I might ask the nurse in theatre to pass me the fish slice. We all know that this is a type of retractor. 3. A mechanism or device which pulls something back or in; spec. the part of a breech-loading gun which removes the cartridge after firing. Cf. extractor n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > device to withdraw used cartridge retractor1850 1850 U.S. Patent 7,026 1/2 The projection..is retracted from the cavity..by the cam..on the compound tumbler and retractor. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1925/2 Retractor, a device by which the metallic cartridge-cases employed in breech-loading guns are withdrawn after firing. 1919 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 187 247 The recoil drives backward the breech-bolt and barrel... The backward motion compresses the retractor and mainsprings. 1972 National Observer (U.S.) 27 May 9/4 The American Safety Belt Council contends that inertia reels are no more expensive than the locking retractors on this year's lap belts. 1994 M. M. Smith Only Forward 145 The retractor in a microcable dispenser is strong enough to handle small loads. 4. Chess. A problem which involves retracting one or more assumed moves before making forward moves to resolve it. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > problems jeopardyc1369 problem1817 Indian problem1846 mover1868 Indian1878 retractive problem1890 waiting problem1891 retractor1893 help-mate1897 sui1897 miniature1903 waiter1906 grab theme1909 fairy chess1914 King's (or Queen's) Indian1931 1893 Brit. Chess Mag. Christmas 56 Retractor.—No. 7... White to Retract his last move, and mate in two moves. 1902 Brit. Chess Mag. 455 Two-move retractors. 1937 T. R. Dawson Caissa's Wild Roses 14/1 A simple changed-mate retractor theme. 1984 Oxf. Compan. Chess 280/1 The earliest retractor involving retrograde analysis was by the English composer Francis Charles Collins (1843–98). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). retractorn.² Brit. /rᵻˈtraktə/, U.S. /rəˈtræktər/, /riˈtræktər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retract v.², -or suffix. Etymology: < retract v.² + -or suffix. In quotations 1656, 1688 after ancient Greek μεταθέμενος (medio-passive participle of μετατιθέναι in sense ‘to change his or her mind’), with reference to Dionysius of Heraclea, who went over from the Stoics to the Cyrenaics. A person who retracts a statement or accusation, withdraws from an undertaking, etc.; (now) spec. a person who withdraws an accusation of childhood abuse, esp. such an accusation deriving from a recovered memory (cf. recovered memory syndrome at recovered adj. Compounds). ΚΠ 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. v. 6 To Dionysius sirnamed μεταθέμενος the retractor, who asked him, why he corrected all but himselfe. 1660 To King's most Sacred Majesty & Clemency (single sheet) Consider..whether a Conditional Proviso of strict indispensable execution of the said Penalties upon any perfidious Retractor may not sufficiently answer the Objection. 1688 tr. Diogenes Lives, Opinions & Sayings Anc. Philosophers 480 To one Dionysius, a frequent Retractor of his own Opinions, who ask'd Why he did not correct himself? Because, said he, I do not believe thee. 1753 Parl. Hist. Eng. X. 455 Most of these Subscribers were the Retractors of their Names from that Petition. 1811 F. Plowden Hist. Ireland 1801–10 III. v. 837 The forced apologies for the retractors, viz. that they acted under threat. 1886 Atlantic Reporter 5 841 Much may depend upon the sincerity and earnestness of the retractor's efforts to counteract his fault. 1972 Federal Reporter (Lexis) 2nd Ser. 463 49 If otherwise admissible, the dying statements would present a more substantial discretionary issue... See, e. g., Martin v. United States,..in which the Court held that a youthful retractor had been taken advantage of by reason of his youth and absence from home. 1993 Washington Post (Nexis) 27 June c1 That..suggestions can actually lead someone to falsely believe she was sexually abused may be a hard pill to swallow. Hearing the life stories of scores of ‘retractors’ might help the pill go down more easily. 2005 Social Probl. 52 541 If a potential retractor seeks to end the estrangement with her or his parents for any reason, [etc.]. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1615n.²1656
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retractorn.1

retractorn.2

retractorn.¹

retractorn.²