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单词 bill
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billn.1

Brit. /bɪl/, U.S. /bɪl/
Forms: Old English–1600s bil, Middle English–1500s byl, bylle, bille, Old English– bill.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common West Germanic: Old English bil, billes neuter, sword, falchion = Old Saxon bil, the same, Old High German bill neuter (Middle High German bil neuter, modern German bille (feminine), pickaxe) probably < Germanic *biljo-(m (with West Germanic ll for lj), connected by some with Sanskrit bhil to split, cleave. Applied to various cutting weapons and implements, the relations of which to each other are not satisfactorily ascertained. (German beil, Old High German bîhal, is an entirely different word.)
1. A weapon of war mentioned in Old English poetry, a kind of broadsword, a falchion. Obsolete. (Probably passing with modified shape into sense 2.)
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > broadsword
billOE
falchion1303
glaive1488
broadswordc1565
glay1568
foutch1580
Andrew1618
curtan1697
Ferrara1763
claymore1772
OE Beowulf 2060 Æfter billes bíte.
c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 376 Chalibem, bill.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 872 Þer wes bil ibeat [c1300 Otho many dunt] þer wes balu muchel.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 300 The bill here [i.e. in Death of Brihtnoth] spoken of was a sword and not an axe.]
2.
a. An obsolete military weapon used chiefly by infantry; varying in form from a simple concave blade with a long wooden handle, to a kind of concave axe with a spike at the back and its shaft terminating in a spear-head; a halberd.Distinct forms of bills seem to have been painted or varnished in different colours; hence the black bills and brown bills of the 16th and 17th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > halberd > [noun]
weyc1275
poleaxe1294
billc1300
glaivec1450
langue de boeuf1450
halberd1497
budgea1522
brown-bill1589
ox-tongue1611
partisan1611
Lochaber axe1618
feather-staff1622
halberd staff1687
battle-axe1709
ko1923
c1300 K. Alis. 1624 With longe billes..They carve heore bones.
1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 312 The tenauntes..hauyng rusty pollexis and byllys.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 64 Preamble Armours Defensives, as..Bowes, Billes, Hauberts.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 114 Distaffe women mannage rustie bils . View more context for this quotation
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 2 Inveterate opinion..touching blacke bils and bowes.
1619 M. Drayton Barons Warres ii. xxxvii, in Poems (rev. ed.) 23 Wer't with the Speare, or Browne Bill, or the Pike.
1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain i. xiii. 34 Where the gothic gateway frown'd, Glanced neither bill nor bow.
1834 J. R. Planché Hist. Brit. Costume 33.
b. A similar weapon used by constables of the watch till late in the 18th cent. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > halberd > [noun] > watchman's
bill1589
watch-bill1665
1589 Pappe with Hatchet (1844) 28 All weapons from the taylors bodkin, to the watchmans browne bil.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. iii. 40 Haue a care that your billes bee not stolne. View more context for this quotation
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey ii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa4v/2 He was still in quarrels, scorn'd us Peace-makers, And all our bill-authority.
1799 S. Freeman Town Officer (ed. 4) 176 Every watchman carries a staff with a bill fastened thereon.
3. Short for billman n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > halberd
bill1495
bill-hagera1500
halberdier1517
billman1530
halberds1543
glaive1577
halberdman1595
partisan1649
1495 King Henry VII in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 11. I. 21 For..an archer or bille on horsback viijd. by the day.
1513 King Henry VIII in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1822) I. ii. App. i. 4 A hundred able men..wherof threescore to be archers and forty bills on foot.
1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. Househ. (1768) 35 Billes, and archers, the which folowe their capitaynes in good arraye.
1825 W. Scott Talisman x, in Tales Crusaders III. 234 A strong guard of bills and bows.
4. An implement used for pruning, cutting wood, lopping trees, hedges, etc., having a long blade with a concave edge, often ending in a sharp hook (cf. bill-hook n.), and a wooden handle in line with the blade, which may be long as in the hedging-bill, or short as in the hand-bill. (The form of the ‘bill’ varies greatly in different localities.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > bill hook
wood-billc725
billc1000
falsartc1380
wood-hookc1440
falchion1483
forest-bill1488
bush-scythe1552
brush-bill1588
cutting-bill1601
bill-hook1611
hook-bill1613
bush-bill1631
hack1846
snagger1847
slasher1858
bush-hook1860
slash-hook1891
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 106 Falcastrum, siþe, uel bill.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 89 The men..cam out with stauys and byllis, wyth flaylis and pykforkes.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Byl called a forest bil, or bushsithe.
1570 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 334 Ij paire of wood skeles, one bilstaffe iiijs.
a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 103 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Having a forrest Bill on his shoulders.
1643 W. Greenhill Ἀξινη προς την Ῥιζαν 19 It is not Falx a Bill or Hooke, to chop off some Armes or Bowes.
1740 W. Somervile Hobbinol ii. 80 And with his crooked Bill Cut sheer the frail Support.
1862 R. C. Trench Monk & Bird xxxiii. Poems 28 The woodman's glittering bill.
5. A digging implement; a mattock or pickaxe.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > pick
mattockeOE
pickaxe1256
billc1325
pikec1330
pickc1350
peak1454
picker1481
peck1485
beele1671
pix1708
tramp-pick1813
jackass pick1874
mad mick1919
c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 361 Bidubium, marra, bill.]
c1325 Pol. Songs (1839) 151 Thah y sulle mi bil ant my borstax.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 3223 Thai had broght bath bill and spade.
1468 Medulla Gram. Fossorium, a byl or a pykeys.
1483 Cath. Angl. 31 A Bille (a Byll or a pycoss), fossorium, ligo.

Compounds

Also billman n.
bill-hager n. Obsolete (?).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > halberd
bill1495
bill-hagera1500
halberdier1517
billman1530
halberds1543
glaive1577
halberdman1595
partisan1649
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 108 Both bosters and bragers God kepe vs fro..From all byll-hagers With colknyfs that go.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

billn.2

Forms: Old English–Middle English bile, Middle English beele, bil, Middle English bylle, Middle English–1500s bille, 1500s byll, Middle English– bill.
Etymology: Old English bile ? masculine, not found elsewhere in Germanic; probably < Germanic *bili- , and possibly a derivative of the same root as bill n.1
1.
a. The horny beak n.1 of certain birds, especially when slender, flattened, or weak.In Ornithology, beak is the general term applicable to all birds; in ordinary language beak is always used of birds of prey, and generally when striking or pecking is in question; beak and bill are both used of crows, finches, sparrows, perching birds and songsters generally, bill being however more frequent; bill is almost exclusively used of hummingbirds, pigeons, waders, and web-footed birds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > beak or bill
nebeOE
billa1000
beakc1220
snoutc1380
nib1585
pecker1891
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 318 Rostrum, bile.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 49 Duue ne harmeð none fugele ne mid bile ne mid fote.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 421 Þe bryddes woundeþ hem wiþ hire grete beeles.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 36 Bylle of a byrde, rostrum.
1486 Bk. St. Albans A vj b Ye shall say this hauke has a large beke..And call it not bille.
1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. H.viii To moue the Byll & shake the wings.
1607 A. Dent Path-way to Heauen (new ed.) App. sig. Dd As the Eagle reneweth her bill.
1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xix. 231 Noah's dove brought the branch of Olive in her Bill.
1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. I. §454 The duck tribe are distinguished by the breadth and depression of the bill.
1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) II. 3 A peculiar horny incrustment, called the beak or bill. This bill is of very different shape in the various tribes of birds.
b. The horny beak of the Platypus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > [noun] > group Prototheria or Monotremata > duck-billed platypus > beak of
bill1847
1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. I. §317 (Ornithorhynchus) Its muzzle is converted into a bill, closely resembling that of a duck.
c. to hold (one) with his bill in the water: to keep him in suspense. Obsolete = French tenir le bec dans l'eau, Littré.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > keep in suspense [verb (transitive)]
to hold (also keep) (a person) in handa1400
to keep (or hold) in (great or a great) suspense1557
to hold (one) with his bill in the water1579
to hang by the eyelids1587
suspend1605
equipoise1887
to keep (a person) on the edge of his (also her) seat1897
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 1041/1 What meant God to holde the fathers with their billes in the water (as wee say) so long, and sent not the Redeemer sooner?
2. transferred. The beak, muzzle, or snout of other animals; the human mouth or nose (cf. beak n.1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [noun]
noseeOE
naseeOE
nebeOE
billa1000
nesec1175
grunyie?a1513
gnomon1582
nib1585
proboscis1631
handle to (also of, on) one's face1675
snot-gall1685
nozzle1689
bowsprit1690
smeller1699
snitch1699
trunk1699
vessel1813
index1817
conk1819
sneezer1820
scent box1826
snorter1829
snuff-box1829
bugle1847
beak1854
nasal1854
sniffer1858
boko1859
snoot1861
snorer1891
horn1893
spectacles-seat1895
razzo1899
beezer1915
schnozzle1926
schnozzola1929
schnozz1930
snozzle1930
honker1942
hooter1958
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun]
moutheOE
billa1000
munc1400
mussa1529
mouc1540
gan1567
gob1568
bouche1582
oven1593
taster1596
Pipe Office1609
neba1616
gab1681
gam1724
mouthpiece1738
potato-trap1785
potato-jaw1791
fly-trapc1795
trap1796
mouthie1801
mug1820
gin-trap1824
rattletrap1824
box1830
mouf1836
bread trap1838
puss1844
tater-trap1846
gash1852
kissing trap1854
shop1855
north and south1858
mooey1859
kisser1860
gingerbread-trap1864
bazoo1877
bake1893
tattie-trap1894
yap1900
smush1930
gate1937
cakehole1943
motormouth1976
pie hole1983
geggie1985
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > snout > beak
billa1000
peakc1450
rostrum1677
beak1822
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 118 Promuscida, ylpes bile vel wrot.
c1330 Poem temp. Edw. II 353 Ne triste no man to hem, so false theih beth in the bile.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2654 To hewe þe Sarasyns boþe bok & bil.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 184 How she holds vp the Neb? the Byll to him? View more context for this quotation
a1625 J. Boys Wks. (1630) 498 A third most resembled his progenitors, having his fathers bill and his mothers eye.
3. A beaklike projection; a spur, tooth, spike. Applied to some narrow promontories, as Portland Bill, Selsea Bill. Nautical in plural, see quot. 1850.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > [noun]
starteOE
nessOE
snookc1236
head1315
bill1382
foreland?a1400
capec1405
nook?a1425
mull1429
headland?c1475
point?c1475
nese1497
peak1548
promontory1548
arma1552
reach1562
butt1598
promontorea1600
horn1601
naze1605
promonta1607
bay1611
abutment1613
promontorium1621
noup1701
lingula1753
scaw1821
tang1822
odd1869
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > [noun] > a sharp prominence
bill1382
pointa1387
tatter1402
beakc1440
spike1488
neb1578
prong1591
prow1601
taggera1687
tang1688
jog1715
nib1788
tusk1823
spur1872
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Zech. iv. 12 The two eris..of the olyues that ben bysidis the two golden bilis [L. rostra aurea].
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xli. 15 A newe wayn threischynge, hauynge sawynge bilis.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xv. 6407 He braid out a brond with a bill felle.
1770 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 43 Beak, or Bill (rostrum), a long projecting appendage to some seeds like the beak of a bird.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 97 Bills, the ends of compass or knee timber.
4. Nautical. The point of the fluke of an anchor.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > anchoring equipment > [noun] > anchor > fluke > point of
bill1769
peak1793
peac1860
anchor point1877
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Suppl. Bill, the point or extremity of the fluke of an anchor.
1825 H. B. Gascoigne Path to Naval Fame 51 Another tackle on the Bill they place.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. x. 317 The strain is applied..on the palm at a spot which, measured from the extremity of the bill, is one-third of the distance between it and the centre of the crown.

Compounds

C1.
bill-clappering n.
ΚΠ
1937 Brit. Birds 31 239 The weird bill-clappering and strident cries of old and young Herons.
1957 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles VI. 13 One or two days later..courtship [of white storks] begins. This takes the form of bill-clappering and the assumption of curious postures.
bill-fencing n.
ΚΠ
1936 Brit. Birds 29 327 I have had the opportunity of seeing ‘bill-fencing’.
bill-snapping n.
ΚΠ
1949 Brit. Birds 42 286 Bill-snapping: loud snapping of the mandibles is used as a threat when attempting to drive other birds—of any species—from food, or as a prelude to attack.
C2.
bill-board n. a board fastened edgewise to the side of a ship for the bill of the anchor to rest upon; also a board to protect the timbers of the ship from being damaged by the bill when the anchor is weighed.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [noun] > specific protective timbers along side
anchor lining1805
bill-boardc1860
rubbing strake1874
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 70 What are the bill-boards for? For the flukes of the anchors to rest on.
bil-fodur n. Obsolete ? bill-fodder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > food eaten by birds
worma1250
bil-fodura1375
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1858 His bag wiþ his bilfodur wiþ þe best he lafte.
bill-fish n. ( Belone truncata) a small anadromous sea-fish of North America. Also called Sea-pike, Silver Gar-fish, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Atheriniformes > [noun] > member of family Belonidae (gar-fish)
horn-fishOE
hornkeckc1425
garfishc1440
horn-stocka1485
green-bone1525
hornbeak1565
thorn-beak1570
horn-back1598
needlefish1601
spit-fish1601
sea-needle1603
ganefish1611
snacot-fish1611
greenbacka1682
bill-fisha1757
gar1767
sea-pike1769
saury1771
gar-pike1776
sea-snipea1832
mackerel guide1835
long-nose1836
gore-fish1839
gorebill1862
mackerel-scout1880
Long Tom1881
snipe-eel1882
a1757 P. H. Bruce Memoirs (1782) xii. 424 The sea hereabouts [Bahamas, etc.] abounds with fish unknown to us in Europe..bill-fish, hound-fish, etc.
bill-twisted adj. having a twisted bill.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > having beak or bill > of particular shape
long-billed1594
latirostrous1646
bill-twisteda1657
spoon-billed1668
hook-billed1695
slender-billed1769
thick-billed1770
bow-beaked1791
boat-billed1821
slender-beaked1824
tenuirostral1837
broad-billed1839
planirostrate1858
tenuirostrate1860
planirostral1890
a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia in Poems (1878) III. To Rdr. 133 From some Trees Byll-twisted Barnacles, ripen to Geese.

Draft additions December 2003

North American. The peak of a cap.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > projecting front > (peak) of cap
peak1660
shade1818
visor1864
skip1888
bill1935
1935 W. Faulkner in Amer. Mercury Oct. 164/1 Uncle Willy looked fine with a checked cap new except for a big oil stain, with the bill turned round behind and a pair of goggles cocked on the front of it.
1957 J. Agee Death in Family iii. xiv. 249 He..took out the cap... He put it on and yanked the bill down firmly.
1977 M. S. Harper Honorable Amendments 9 He strikes out Josh without touching the bill of his cap.
1994 Vibe Nov. 91 The 26-year-old former UC Davis economics major adjusts the bill of his Padres cap.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

billn.3

Brit. /bɪl/, U.S. /bɪl/
Forms: Middle English–1600s byll(e, bille, 1500s–1600s byl, bil, Middle English– bill.
Etymology: Middle English bille, in Anglo-Norman bille, Anglo-Latin billa, an alteration of Latin bulla in its medieval sense. In classical Latin, bulla was ‘a bubble, a boss, a stud, an amulet for the neck’; whence, in medieval Latin, ‘a seal’ especially ‘the seal appended to a charter,’ etc.; thence, transferred ‘a document furnished with a seal’ e.g. a charter, a papal ‘bull’; and, by extension, any official or formal document, ‘a bill, schedule, memorandum, note, paper.’ It was in these latter senses that bulla became in England billa, bille. Being a word of common use (see Du Cange), bulla was probably pronounced with ü, passing into English y, i; though no direct evidence of this has been found.
1.
a. A written document (originally sealed), a statement in writing (more or less formal); a letter, note, memorandum (cf. billet n.1) Obsolete in general sense, but retained in numerous legal and commercial terms: see sense Compounds 1.
a1396 H. Knyghton Chron. iii. i. anno 1272 Decanus Lincolniensis proposuit unam billam excusatoriam.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > official record
libel1297
lettersc1300
rolla1325
billc1374
sealc1380
Parliament Roll1444
enrolment1603
society > law > [noun] > bill
bill1512
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1081 Scripe nor bill..that touchith suche matere, Ne bring me none!
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 304 But eche of hem to make a bille He bad and write his own wille.
1424 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 55 I..declare my last will in þis bille.
1425 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 5 I send yow closed with this bille [the] copie of vn frendly lettre.
c1475 J. Lydgate Stans Puer (Harl. 2251) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 32 Go, litel bille, bareyn of eloquence, Pray yonge children that the shal see or Reede, [etc.].
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII xi Every thing..expressed in this bill of peticion.
1531 W. Tyndale Expos. Fyrste Epist. St. Jhon 10 It is called..an Epistle because it is sent as a letter or a byll.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 320/1 To cast ouer the walles into the campe of the Christians certeine billes written in Hebrue, Greeke, and Latine.
1716 A. Pope Further Acct. E. Curll 10 To whom he gave the following Bill of Directions where to find 'em.
1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances II. 122 A Bill containing the Reasons of the Citation shall be left with the Person that is summoned, or at his House.
b. A letter or ‘bull’ of the Pope. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > papal documents > [noun] > bull
bull1297
brevet1362
bill1450
pontificala1500
bullock1537
legative bull1548
1450 Myrc 709 All þat falsen the popes lettres or billes or seales.
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.iiijv The pope darlaye hath graunted in his byll That euery brother may do what he wyll.
c. A writing circulated reflecting upon any person; the analogue of the later printed pamphlet or lampoon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > lampoon or satire
bill1426
satire1509
squibc1525
pasquil1542
pasquinata1592
cockalane1596
pasquinado1600
Pasquin1611
lampoon1645
pasquinade1658
banter1695
jeu d'esprit1712
Dunciad1728
squiblet1820
squibling1884
satirette1894
spoof1958
1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 8 Manaces of deth..maden..by..billes rymed in partye.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 622/1 By sclaunderous bylles blowe abrode an euyl noughty tale.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes (1877) 273 Augustus had written a great ragmans rewe, or bille, to be soung on Pollio in derision and skorne of hym by name.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1022/2 Many bylles and rimes were set forth in diuers places agaynst them.
d. A deed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > deed
deedc1300
bill1548
fait1562
sanad1743
1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 398 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xcvv And then I dare to this byll sett my hande.
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. C Consummatum est, this Bill is ended.
1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. at Scedule Obligation, or bill of ones hand.
2.
a. A formal document containing a petition to a person in authority; a written petition. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > one who requests or petitions > letter or document
bill1377
petition1414
supplicationc1419
subligationc1600
fire briefa1643
begging-letter1849
slum1851
1321 Liber Custum. (Rolls Ser.) 379 Come ils eient requis par bille a voz Justices eiraunz en la Tour de Loundres remedie dun tort.]
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 247 Hadde iche a clerke þat couthe write I wolde caste hym [the pope] a bille.
1423 Kingis Quair lxxxii A warld of folk..With billis in thaire handis, of one assent Vnto the Iuge thaire playntis to present.
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. v. 56 In the morning..it behoued him to peruse al lettres supplicacions, and billes.
1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 111 That no Parliament should be dismist, till all the Petitions were answered; That is..till all the Bills (which were then styled Petitions) were finished.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 75 All vain petitions..Amus'd he reads, and then returns the bills.
b. A supplicatory address (not necessarily in writing); a prayer, supplication, request. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > invocation or appeal
bodec1175
stevenc1200
crya1300
askingc1330
prayerc1330
beseeching1340
invocationc1384
billc1386
conjuringa1400
pealc1400
conjurationc1450
adjuration?1473
remonstrance?1473
interpellation1526
contestation1548
address1570
vocation1574
imprecation1585
appellation1587
supplantation1590
advocation1598
application1607
invoking1611
inclamation1613
conjurement1643
bespeaking1661
vocative1747
incalling1850
appeal1859
appealing1876
appealingness1876
rogative1882
cri de cœur1897
c1386 G. Chaucer Doctor's Tale 166 Doth me right upon this pitous bille, In which I pleyne upon Virginius.
c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) vi. i. 145 b This was the bille which y John Bochas Made unto Fortune.
1570 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 234 Diligent to heir the pure mannis bill.
c. to put (up) a bill: to present a petition.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > make or present a petition
to put (up) a billa1387
procurea1500
move1638
pray1754
memorial1764
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 141 The bishops at Nicæa, putte up billes to þe emperour.
1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms xxviii. 11 And mekely puttyth to the this bylle.
1450 W. Wayte in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 49 I sende yow a copy of the bylle þat my lord of Yorke putte vn-to þe Kynge.
3. The draft of an Act of Parliament submitted to the legislature for discussion and adoption as an ‘Act.’ Historically, this has passed through the senses of: (a) a petition to the Sovereign, as in sense 2; (b) a petition, containing the draft of the act or statute prayed for; (c) the draft act without the petitionary form, as is now the case with all public bills, or such as affect the interests of the public generally. Private bills, i.e. such as grant relief to or confer privileges upon individuals or corporations, are still introduced in the form of petitions. The nature and scope of a bill is expressed by such phraseology as ‘a bill to reform the representation of the people,’ ‘a Bill of Indemnity,’ a ‘Reform Bill,’ ‘Manchester Waterworks Bill’.
ΚΠ
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. v. 45 Thenne cam pees in-to parlement and putte vp a bylle, How þat wrong wilffullich hadde hus wif for-leyen.
1484 Act 1 Hen. VII (1780) X. App. 103 Item quædam alia Billa..cum cedula eidem annexa exhibita fuit coram Domino Rege in Parliamento prædicto.]
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII viii. Preamble To putte forth certeyn bylles in this present parliament.
1577–87 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. viii. 176 The clerke of the parlement, whose office is to read the billes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. i. 27 Ile Exhibit a Bill in the Parliament for the putting downe of men. View more context for this quotation
1709 London Gaz. No. 4534/1 A Message to the House of Commons..to desire the House to come up..to be present at the passing the said Bills into Acts.
1798 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 217 Congress has nothing of any importance before them, except the bill on foreign intercourse.
1813 Parl. Deb. in Examiner 21 May 328/1 [He] moved, that the Insolvent Debtors' Bill be re-committed.
1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxi. 163 The bill..passed the House of Lords.
1884 W. E. Gladstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/7 We knew..that the Bill must remain a Bill, and could never have become an Act of Parliament.
4.
a. Law. A written statement of a case; a pleading by the plaintiff or defendant (but generally by the former), e.g. a bill of complaint in Chancery; an indictment. Obsolete except in certain phrases, chiefly, to find a true bill, to ignore the bill, said of a Grand Jury, whose duty it is, in criminal Assizes, to declare that there is, or is not, sufficient evidence to justify the hearing of a case before the judge and ordinary jury.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > complaint in respect of civil claim > written application to court
billc1400
request1582
petition1872
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > setting forth of plaintiff's case > written
libel1340
billc1400
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xv. 172 Both partyes writen here Causes in 2 Billes.
c1480 Black Bk. Admiralty (Rolls) I. 305 [Les querelles et billes de lappellant et du deffendant seront plaidees a la court.] transl. The quarell and the billes of the appellant and of the defendant shall be pletid in the Court.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 7 Justices..have auctorite..to here and determyn the reherced causes..upon bill before theym.
1531 Act 23 Hen. VIII xv Any accion, bill, or playnt of trespace.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. K2v/2 Bille...is a declaration in writing, that expresseth either the griefe and the wrong that the complaynant hath suffered, by the party complained of, or els some fault, that the party complayned of, hath committed against some lawe or statute of the common wealth.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Nn3/2 Ignoramus, is a word properly vsed by the grand Enquest..and writen vpon the bill.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 33 Anytus,..procur'd Melitus to prefer a bill against him.
1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 485 Sir T. Plumer, M.R...accordingly dismissed the bill.
Categories »
b. Scots Law. Any summary application by way of petition to the Court of Session.
5.
a. A written list or catalogue, an inventory. Obsolete except in specific combinations.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [noun]
tableOE
scorec1325
billa1340
calendar?a1400
legendc1400
librarya1450
Ragmanc1450
Ragman rollc1450
cataloguea1464
repertory1542
scrowa1545
bedroll?1552
roll1565
file1566
state1582
inventory1589
brief1600
series1601
counter-roll1603
list1604
muster roll1605
cense1615
pinax1625
repertoirec1626
diagram1631
recensiona1638
repertorium1667
vocabulary1694
albe1697
enumeration1725
screed1748
album1753
tableau1792
roll-call1833
shopping list1923
laundry list1958
remainder list1977
a1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. (1866) 7 The abbotte tuke þat byll þat þay ware wrettyn in and lukede thareone.
a1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 41 Synne..scrapyth hym out of lyvys bylle, That blyssyd book.
a1500 Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 64 Thay schalle be wryttyne in a bylle.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xviii. 26 Than the knyghtis..made a byll of their horses, and suche other stuffe as they had lost.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. i. 101 Whereby he does receiue Particular addition, from the Bill, That writes them all alike. View more context for this quotation
b. Medicine. A list of drugs, etc. to be mixed to form a medicine, a medical prescription or recipe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > prescription or recipe
receipta1398
recipe1533
billa1535
prescription1568
prescript1583
physic-bill1614
script1887
Rx1911
scrip1917
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. i. sig. A.v After the billes made by the greate phisition God, prescribing the medicines him self.
1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. xliiii. 211 Phisitians bylles not Patients but Apothecaries know.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 46 Like him that took the Doctor's Bill, And swallow'd it instead o' th' Pill.
1754 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery III. 540 The Apothecary..went home to bring the bills.
c. Nautical. A list of persons appointed to duties.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [noun] > list of names or people > for duties
roster1786
bill1830
rota1844
1830 F. Marryat King's Own I. xiii. 185 Turn the hands up to muster by the quarter-bill.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxiii. 69 Each man had his station. A regular tacking and wearing bill was made out.
d. Typography. A scale or list of the proper quantities of each letter required for a fount.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > style of type > [noun] > type face or font > list for font
bill1824
1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 29 We will now give..a regular bill, perfect in all its sorts.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 640 Typefounders have a scale or bill, as it is called, of the proportional quantity of each letter required for a fount.
e. At Harrow School, properly, the list of boys; hence, the calling-over of the list. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > [noun] > reading aloud of names
call1606
absence1753
mustering1769
bill1814
muster roll1834
call-over1863
1814 W. C. Trevelyan Diary 25 Jan. in G. T. Warner Harrow in Prose & Verse (1913) 107 Locked up at 8 o'clock, placed at the 2 bill.
1815 W. C. Trevelyan Diary 2 Mar. in G. T. Warner Harrow in Prose & Verse (1913) 113 Dr. B showed us a bill of Harrow School for 1770.
1818 N. Carlisle Descr. Endowed Gram. Schools Eng. & Wales II. 148 The Absences for Bills..are regularly called every Two hours by The Head Master.
1880 D. Merivale Autobiogr. (1898) 40 The writing of this Bill was entrusted to two of the most meritorious boys, who also wrote good hands.
1894 Harrovian 15 Nov. 103/2 From the Bill-yard to the Old Station.
1894 R. C. Welch Harrow School Reg. 17 Our present Bill Books.
1898 E. W. Howson & G. T. Warner Harrow School 275 The 4 bill in summer is double, part on the cricket-ground (cricket-bill)... At yard-bill the boys pass one by one in bill order before the bill-master of the week, answer their names, touch their hats, and walk on.
f. At Eton College, the punishment-list.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > punishment list
billa1877
a1877 A. C. Swinburne Lesbia Brandon (1952) iii. 53 I and another fellow..were so used to our flogging every after twelve, the praepostor of our division wouldn't have dared show up a bill without our two names in it.
1883 J. Brinsley-Richards Seven Years at Eton v. 46 A perfume which told its tale to their tutors, and caused them to be put in the Bill.
6. A note of charges for goods delivered or services rendered, in which the cost of each item is separately stated; also known as a bill of parcels.In modern use, confined in this sense to the professions and to retail trade, and implying a demand for payment. In wholesale transactions, an ‘invoice,’ containing the usual particulars of a bill, is supplied on delivery of the goods, and the formal demand for payment is made by a ‘statement of account’ sent in when the money is due. Bill is however often loosely used for ‘invoice,’ and vice versa.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > invoice or bill
bill1420
invoice1560
factory1615
invoy1617
facture1668
Williamc1859
check1868
price tab1886
tag1968
1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 53 Þat [they] be paied of their billes for makyng off a liuerey.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xvi. f. ciij Take thy bill..and write fiftie.
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iv. iv. sig. Niiv Farewell good Haberdasher, well now maister Snip let me see your bill . View more context for this quotation
1671 Lex Talionis 10 Apothecaries Bills, which..amount to very great Sums.
1712 London Gaz. No. 5079/3 Several other Notes and Bills of Parcels.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lv. 202 I did myself the pleasure of discharging the bill.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) x. 97 Call a hackney-coach..directly, and bring this lady's bill.
7. A label. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > labelling > [noun] > label, tag, or ticket
bill1474
schedule1523
label?1577
libel1603
tessera1656
check1812
price ticket1830
etiquette1831
sticker1862
tag1864
price tag1880
tab1883
tally1909
mailing label1959
swing-ticket1962
swing label1968
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. viii. 150 I haue put on eche keye a bille & writynge.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 114 Three proper yong men..With bils on their neckes.
8.
a. A written or printed advertisement to be passed from hand to hand (hence also called hand-bill), or posted up or displayed in some prominent place; a poster, a placard.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill
bill1480
placard1560
ticket1567
pancart1577
affix1589
si quis1597
affiche1602
placketa1605
programme1633
programmaa1661
advertisement1692
clap-bill1699
handbill1718
daybill1731
show bill?a1750
notice1766
play-card1778
card1787
posting bill1788
poster1818
sticker1862
flyer1889
paper1896
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > item in > bill of items
bill1666
programme1799
double bill1895
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxiii. 199 The scottes made a bylle that was fastned vpon the chirche dores of seynt petre.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 37 He set vp his bills here in Messina, and challengde Cupid at the Flight. View more context for this quotation
1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius Liuing Libr. iv. xv. 291 It was cried to be hired or sold, and Bils were set up to that purpose.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 25 Dec. (1972) VII. 420 Walked..to Temple..thinking to have seen a play..but there missing of any Bills, concluded there was none.
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World vi. xxix. §29. 619/2 Bills set upon the Church-doors to inquire for things lost.
1710 J. Strype Hist. E. Grindal i. viii. 82 [They] did then daily, but especially on Holy-Days, set up Bills, inviting to their Plays.
1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 240. ⁋6 To be seen both upon the Sign where he lived, and in the Bills which he distributed.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. ii. 41 Put out Bills in the usual Form, containing an exact Description.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 94 A newly-posted bill informed us that it was again ‘To Let’.
b. An announcement to be publicly read. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > an announcement or proclamation
ban1297
proclamationa1325
pronouncing1442
pronunciationc1455
annunciationa1500
announcement1512
placard1560
placate1567
bando1598
bill1642
declaration1659
advertisement1692
noration1799
pronunciamiento1832
1642 Scots Scouts Disc. in Phœnix (1732) I. 464 One Sunday, at one Mr. Shute's Parish Church, a Bill was delivered that John Commonwealth of England, being sick of the Scots Disease, desires the Prayers of the Congregation.
1716 A. Pope Further Acct. E. Curll 7 She privately put a Bill into several Churches, desiring the Prayers of the Congregation for a wretched Stationer.
c. A list of the items on a (theatre) programme; hence, the entertainment itself; a group of entertaining items. Originally U.S. Cf. quot. 1666 at sense 8a, and programme n. 3 (esp. quot. 1823 at sense 3). So double bill, a programme consisting of two plays, films, etc.; so triple bill; also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > item in > bill of items
bill1666
programme1799
double bill1895
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick i. 6 This part of the bill must have run something like this: ‘Grand Contested Election for the Presidency of the United States. Whaling Voyage by one Ishmael. Bloody Battle in Affghanistan.’
1855 W. B. Wood Pers. Recoll. Stage 155 Warren had prepared..a strong bill..and announced the ‘Foundling of the Forest’, with the ‘Budget of Blunders’.
1875 Chicago Tribune 13 Sept. 7/3 Hooley's Theatre..California Minstrels, in a Bill of Rare Ethiopian Sketches.
1891 G. B. Shaw Quintessence of Ibsenism 147 Mr Thorne..was the first leading manager who ventured to put a play of Ibsen's into his evening bill.
1895 G. B. Shaw in Sat. Rev. 11 May I hope I have not conveyed an impression that the triple bill makes a bad evening's entertainment.
1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 423/1 Theatres widely adopted the ‘double bill policy’, which meant offering two picture dramas on a programme for a single admission.
1956 C. B. Purdom in Shaw's Lett. to Granville Barker 184 The dramatist was proposing that the piece should go with Galsworthy's Eldest Son into the bill at the Kingsway.
1959 T. S. Eliot Elder Statesman ii. 73 It's a very long time since the name of Maisie Mountjoy Topped the bill in revue.
1962 Listener 27 Sept. 495/2 Apple jam by itself can be dull, but there are plenty of variations... For a triple bill there is apple, pear, and quince.
d. to fill the bill: to fulfil the necessary requirements; to come up to the requisite standard. Originally U.S. (Cf. fill v. 7c.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > be suitable, appropriate, or suit [verb (intransitive)] > be adequate for the case or conditions
doa1450
serve1497
to fill the bill1861
1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 471 Austin..Seedling, Dr. W. hopes well from because of its great vigor, but doubts if it fills the bill.
1880 A. A. Hayes New Colorado (1881) ii. 23 With this requirement in view does Colorado ‘fill the Bill’?
1890 Harper's Mag. Feb. 441/1 They filled the bill according to their lights.
1904 W. H. Smith Promoters i. 20 I don't think I ever saw a word used that..filled the bill quite so completely as this word ‘experimentally’ will do for us.
1954 W. S. Maugham Ten Novels iv. 75 He felt that he owed it to himself to have a mistress he could love, and whose position would add to his prestige. He decided that Alexandrine Daru, Pierre's wife, would fill the bill.
e. slang. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport by vehicles plying for hire > [noun] > driving or hiring of cabs > taxi-driver's licence
medallion1925
bill1930
brief1939
1930 ‘A. Armstrong’ Taxi xii. 164 The ‘bill’ is the driver's licence, generally with reference to the original held by the man's proprietor, and to ‘draw your bill’ is to ask your employer for your licence, i.e., leave his employment.
1939 H. Hodge Cab, Sir? xv. 217 ‘The Bill’ is the Metropolitan Police Cab-driver's licence—as distinct from the ordinary County Council driving licence.
9.
a. (More fully bill of exchange). A written order by the writer or ‘drawer’ to the ‘drawee’ (the person to whom it is addressed) to pay a certain sum on a given date to the ‘drawer’ or to a third person named in the bill, known as the ‘payee’.A true bill of exchange is given in consideration of value received (and this is usually stated upon the bill), but a bill is sometimes drawn, not against value received, but merely as a means of raising money on credit, and is then known as an accommodation bill n. at accommodation n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun] > a promissory note or bill of exchange
exchange1485
bill1579
bill1613
hundi1619
assignment1622
cambio1645
note1653
order1673
bank bill1682
banknote1695
assignation1704
promissory note1710
note of hand1728
stiff1823
time bill1842
PO1861
marker1887
1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin vi. 310 The marchands making difficultie..to accept the billes of exchaunge that were sent out of Fraunce.
1661 S. Pepys Diary 27 Mar. (1970) II. 61 I did get him to promise me some money upon a bill of exchange.
1682 J. Scarlett Stile of Exchanges v. 23 A Bill of Exchange is an obligatory Writing, containing (1.) a Time When, (2.) the Place Where the same is dispatched, (3.) the Sum, (4.) agreed on, and ordered, (5.) at a certain Day, (6.) To whom it must be paid [etc.].
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 13 Mar. 1/2 He gave me a Bill upon his Goldsmith in London.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 466.
1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 20 An Inland Bill is when the drawer and person drawn upon live in the same country or kingdom.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xviii. 153 His bills were protested: his act of bankruptcy formal.
1880 B. Price in Fraser's Mag. May 668 Bills impart a valuable convenience to trade..they borrow the goods without payment for a time more or less long.
b. Loosely used for: A promissory note. Obsolete. Hence, bill of debt or bill obligatory: a bill acknowledging a debt and promising to meet it at a specified date. Also applied (with specification) to various promises to pay at a future date, or at sight, issued by Banks, and by the Government; cf. bank bill n., exchequer-bill n. at exchequer n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun] > a promissory note or bill of exchange
exchange1485
bill1579
bill1613
hundi1619
assignment1622
cambio1645
note1653
order1673
bank bill1682
banknote1695
assignation1704
promissory note1710
note of hand1728
stiff1823
time bill1842
PO1861
marker1887
1613 T. Dekker Strange Horse-race sig. F3v Next, came in Bils Obligatory, (a thousand in a cluster).
1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Phil. 19 I here give thee a Bill under my hand, that I will repay all that he oweth thee.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4869/3 Navy, Victualling, Ordnance, and Transport Bills.
1721 King's Speech 19 Oct. in London Gaz. The Navy and Victualling Bills are at very high Discount.
c. = note n.2 21a. Cf. dollar-bill n. at dollar n. Compounds 1. Originally and chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun] > a banknote
bank bill1682
bill1682
note1695
money bill1713
banknote1759
post-note1788
screen1789
stiff1823
flimsy1824
shin-plaster1824
billet1837
pennif1862
toadskin1867
currency note1891
dead president1944
1682 in A. M. Davis Tracts Currency Mass. Bay (1902) 7 Credit pass'd in Fund, by Book, & Bills, (as afore) will fully supply the defect of Money.
1790 Deb. Congress II. 2055 The bills and notes of the bank..shall be receivable in all payments to the United States.
1817 S. R. Brown Western Gazetteer 112 The notes of this bank are in excellent credit, but bills from the neighbouring states..have a free and extensive circulation.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxxix. 264 She unlocked the desk, took from it a roll of bills, which she counted over rapidly.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 49 Bills, bank notes; all kinds of paper money.
1905 N.Y. Evening Post 1 Sept. 7 The coin..is certainly cleaner than the rumpled-up bills that prevail in the out-of-the-way places.
1924 E. O'Neill Welded ii. 145 He takes a bill from his pocket and holds it out to her—contemptuously.
1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh (1947) i. 46 I t'rows down a fifty-dollar bill like it was trash paper.
1953 Manch. Guardian Weekly 29 Oct. 7 This bold proclamation can be found on every dollar bill.

Compounds

C1. With specification. Also bill of attainder, bill of attorney (= letter of attorney), bill of conformity, bill of credit, bill of debt, bill of discharge, bill of exceptions, bill of indictment, bill of payment, bill of receipt, bill of remembrance, bill of review, bill of rights, etc. for which see these words.
bill of costs n. (see quot. 1911).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses > of litigation
cost1340
bill of costs1815
1815 (title) Bills of costs and allowances, in the Court of King's Bench, according to the present scale of allowance; with a precedent for affidavits of increase.
1826 New Monthly Mag. 17 109 [He] made the invitation an item in his bill of costs.
1869 Young Men Great Brit. 14 May 260/2 An attorney, about to furnish a bill of costs.
1911 Encycl. Brit. III. 932/2 A Bill of Costs is an account setting forth the charges and disbursements incurred by a solicitor in the conduct of his client's business. The delivery of a bill of costs is by statute a condition necessary before the solicitor can sue upon it.
bill of fare n. a list of dishes to be served at a banquet, or which may be ordered at a restaurant (in the latter case with the prices attached), a ‘menu’; often figurative a programme.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > menu > [noun]
billet1577
fillet1587
bill of farea1640
carte1818
menu1830
beef chit1911
me-and-you1932
1577–87 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xv. 272 Which bill [of dishes] some doo call a memoriall.]
a1640 P. Massinger Bashful Lover Prol., in 3 New Playes (1655) 'Tis no crime..To please so many with one Bill of Fare.
1733 S. Harrison House-keeper's Pocket-bk. Pref. p. ix The Bill of Fare is a new and admirable Contrivance.
1861 I. M. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. xl. 954 A menu or bill of fare should be laid by the side of each guest.
bill of goods n. originally and chiefly U.S. a consignment of merchandise; so in colloquial phrase to sell (someone) a bill of goods: to persuade (someone) to accept something undesirable; to swindle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > cheat, swindle [phrase]
to pull a finchc1386
to wipe a person's nosea1475
to take (a person) at advantage(s)1523
to play fast and loose1557
to play false1576
to joint a person's nose of?1577
to make a cousin of1580
to sell smoke1589
munge1660
to sell (a person) a packet1886
to beat the count1897
to sell (a person) a pup1901
to hand (someone) a lemon1906
to sell (someone) a bill of goods1927
1927 E. O'Neill Marco Millions i. 41 Selling a big bill of goods hereabouts, I'll wager, you old rascals?
1945 E. Ford Larry Scott xii. 120 Don't let Jim sell you a bill of goods.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 8/3 There was no production bonus... We were sold a bill of goods.
bill of health n. an official certificate given to the master of a vessel sailing from a port liable to infection, stating whether at the time of sailing any infectious disease existed on board or in the port (hence a clean bill: one certifying total absence of infection; suspected bill or touched bill, foul bill); also a similar document required of travellers in some foreign ports.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > certificate or declaration of > for travelling
bill of health1644
1644 J. Evelyn Mem. 12 Oct. Having procur'd a bill of health (without which there is no admission at any towne in Italy) we embarq'd on the 12th.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. i. 3 Upon his giving us a bill of health, I went on board.
1851 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce 1084 Were the said bills of health clean, unclean, or suspected?
bill of lading n. an official detailed receipt given by the master of a merchant vessel to the person consigning the goods, by which he makes himself responsible for their safe delivery to the consignee. This document, being the legal proof of ownership of the goods, is often deposited with a creditor as security for money advanced; cf. charter-party n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > [noun] > cargo > book or list of cargo > bill of lading, etc.
cargason1588
bill of lading1599
cargo1678
book of lading1806
shipping-bill1833
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > receipt > types of
bill of lading1599
note1601
bill of loading1626
tally1626
bank receipt1699
subscription receipt1720
treasury certificate1791
warrant1825
tally of sol1843
stock receipt1901
1599 Hakluyt II. ii. 44 We..caused one of them to fetch vp his bils of lading.
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 25 Come aboard..with your..cocket, or bills of loading.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 207 A bill of lading entitles the legal holder of it to certain cases or packages of goods.
bill of mortality n. (also weekly bill) Obsolete a periodically published official return of the deaths (later, also of the births) in a certain district; such a return began to be published weekly by the London Company of Parish Clerks in 1592 for 109 parishes in and around London; hence this district (the precise limits of which were often modified) became known as ‘within the bills of mortality’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [noun] > death roll
bill of mortality1645
mortality bill1665
burialsa1687
obital1691
obituary1701
necrology1802
death roll1803
obitual1812
1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. v. 26 Pleasure, it dies in the birth, and is not therefore worthy to come into this bill of Mortality.
1681 London Gaz. No. 1651/4 The second of September was taken up within the Bills of Mortality, a Deal Box.
1700 W. Congreve Way of World iii. i. 47 We cou'd have Gazetts..and the weekly Bill.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 54. ⁋7 Living within the Bills of Mortality.
1724 Abstr. Act 10 Geo. I in London Gaz. No. 6270/7 All Chocolate..must be brought to be stamped..within the Weekly Bills in 14 Days.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. viii. 77 He was as scrupulously whited as any sepulchre in the whole bills of mortality.
bill of payment n. Obsolete a receipt, a receipted bill.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > receipt
acquittance1394
quittancea1400
quietus est1427
bill of receipt1434
bill of payment1465
quietus1540
tally1580
receipt1583
counter-bill1598
voucher1696
1465 J. Paston in Paston 1.139 He must inquere..what mony he hath paijd to all men..and see his billes of payment and take therof a titelyng.
bill of peace n. Law (see quot. 1848).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > complaint in respect of civil claim > written application to court > other bills or petitions
petition of right1467
cross-bill1637
bill of privilege1763
bill of suspension1810
bill of peace1848
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 500/2 Peace, bill of, a bill brought by a person to establish and perpetuate a right which he claims, and which from its nature may be controverted by different persons at different times, and by different actions... The obvious design of such a bill is to secure repose from perpetual litigation.
bill of privilege n. a petition of a peer demanding to be tried by his peers.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > complaint in respect of civil claim > written application to court > other bills or petitions
petition of right1467
cross-bill1637
bill of privilege1763
bill of suspension1810
bill of peace1848
1763 C. Churchill Author 8 Who would a bill of privilege prefer, And treat a Poet, like a Creditor.
bill of quantity n. (also bill of quantities) Surveying (see quot. 1964).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > list of work to be done
bill of quantity1877
1877 B. Fletcher Quantities i. 5 The operations necessary to produce the schedule, or bills of quantities, from which builders make up their tenders, are: [etc.].
1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 32 Bill of quantities, a list of numbered items, each of which describes the work to be done in a civil engineering or building contract. Each item shows the quantity of work involved... Those contractors who wish to do the work return the bill, with an extended price opposite each item.
1972 Guardian 20 June 10/6 When the architect and engineer have produced drawings, the quantity surveyor can begin ‘taking off’ (which really means reading the drawings) and ‘working up’ (which means determining the total quantities of the materials and labour requirements)... He can then produce his ‘Bills of Quantity’.
bill of sale n. a written instrument effecting a transfer of personal property; spec. a document given as security for money borrowed, authorizing the lender to seize the property in case of the non-payment of the money by a specified time.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods > document authorizing seizure for debt
bill of sale1608
1608 T. Dekker Belman of London sig. G4v By bils of sale..get the goods of honest Citizens into their hands.
1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 46 He sold the boy to his present master..I saw the bill of sale.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. vi. 181 The Bill of Sale is the instrument by which a Vessel is transferred to a purchaser.
bill of sight n. permission from the custom-house officers to land goods for inspection in their presence, when, from want of precise information, the consignee is unable to enter them accurately.
ΚΠ
1852 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce 147 The East India Company are authorised..to enter goods by bill of sight.
bill of store n. (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > importing and exporting > [noun] > customs documents
cocket1425
transire1599
bill of sight1662
bill of store1670
sufferance1670
passport1714
pricking-note1846
transit pass1862
certificate of origin1886
dandy-note-
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Bill of Store, is a kind of Licence granted at the Custom-house to Merchants, or others, to carry such Stores or Provision as are necessary for their Voyage Custom-free.
1833 Act 3 Will. IV lii It shall be lawful to re-import into the United Kingdom..any goods..which shall have been legally exported..and to enter the same by bill of store.
bill of sufferance n. Obsolete (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Bill of sufferance, is a Licence granted at the Custom-house to a Merchant, to suffer him to trade from one English Port to another, without paying Custom.
C2. attributive and in other combinations.
a.
(a) (In sense 3.)
bill-drafter n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > legislator > [noun] > one who drafts bill
bill-drafter1886
1886 P. Robinson Valley Teetotum Trees 65 The most experienced of bill-draughters.
1894 Westm. Gaz. 6 Feb. 2/2 The kind of mistake for which even a Bill-drafter can hardly be expected to provide.
bill-drafting n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > [adjective] > legislating > drafting bills
bill-drafting1895
1895 Westm. Gaz. 8 Jan. 2/2 Ministers have led..a quiet, if busy and Bill-drafting, existence.
(b) (In sense 8.)
(i)
bill-poster n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > person who
upsetter1567
poster1754
bill-sticker1774
placard bearer1809
placarder1809
placard-carrier1819
placardeer1821
placard man1832
bill-poster1864
1864 Times 24 Dec. A corps of bill-posters, painters, etc., to put advertisements on the prominent rocks.
bill-posting n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing
affixment1639
posting1656
affixion1760
placarding1800
screening1806
bill-sticking1851
paperhanging1851
bill-posting1869
billing1875
fly-posting1903
1869 J. R. Browne Adventures Apache Country 352 Bill-posting is one of the fine arts.
1895 in Notes & Queries (1941) CLXXXI. 159/1 One of the largest Bill-posting Firms in the World.
bill-sticker n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > person who
upsetter1567
poster1754
bill-sticker1774
placard bearer1809
placarder1809
placard-carrier1819
placardeer1821
placard man1832
bill-poster1864
1774 Westm. Mag. 2 323 Bill-stickers, pickpockets, and chimney-sweepers.
1862 J. Skelton Nugæ Criticæ §2. 117 Written in large and prominent type, like that employ'd by bill-stickers.
bill-sticking adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing
affixment1639
posting1656
affixion1760
placarding1800
screening1806
bill-sticking1851
paperhanging1851
bill-posting1869
billing1875
fly-posting1903
1851 C. Dickens Bill-sticking in Househ. Words 22 Mar. 604/1 Several bill-sticking companies have started.
1864 Realm 23 Mar. 6 With..the progress of civilisation, bill-sticking has expanded into bill-posterism.
(ii)
bill-patched adj.
ΚΠ
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. ix. sig. G8 Th' Ape..is as malecontent As a bill-patch'd doore.
(c) (In sense 9.)
bill-book n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book
book of account1444
accounts book1461
counting-book15..
accounting booka1555
account book1590
count-book1607
codicila1704
viewbook1718
bill-book1774
stock book1835
account ledger1879
1774 Henley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 426 A large book..ruled in the manner of a bill-book, used by tradesmen.
bill-broker n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange > one dealing in bills of exchange
banker1484
change broker1683
exchange-broker1704
cambist1809
bill-broker1833
note broker1853
arbitrageur1870
arbitragist1881
arb1983
1833 H. Martineau Messrs. Vanderput & Snoek iv. 58 The bill~brokers can tell how nearly the debts of different countries balance each other.
bill-broking n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange
exchange1485
bill-broking1764
arbitrage1875
1764 J. Wesley Jrnl. 2 July (1827) III. 179 That wretched trade of bill-broking.
1857 Sat. Rev. 3 345 To create a fortune by banking, brewing, or bill~broking.
bill-discounter n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange > one dealing in bills of exchange > discounter
discounter1707
shaver1813
note-shaver1816
discount house1832
discount broker1863
bill-discounter1866
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking 135 A very common custom among bankers..who style themselves bill-discounters.
bill-holder n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange > one dealing in bills of exchange > one who holds bill
bill-holder1830
1830 G. Colman Random Rec. I. viii. 271 The bill-holders..were to be paid.
1847 C. G. Addison Treat. Law Contracts (1883) ii. v. §1 783 Securities..available to the bill-holders if both drawer and acceptor become insolvent.
bill-trade n.
ΚΠ
1791 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) VIII. 309 That base practice of raising money by coining notes (commonly called the bill-trade).
(d) (In sense 2.)
bill-maker n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > in writing
bill-maker1529
addresser1643
addressor1806
1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys i. f. xiiv They had leuer see theyr byll maker burned, then theyr supplycacyon sped.
b.
bill-book n. U.S. a pocket-book.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > place for keeping money > wallet > [noun]
pocketbook1670
reader1718
dummy1785
wallet1843
insider1846
porte-monnaie1850
skin1856
bill-holder1890
bill-book1895
billfold1895
poke1908
billfolder1909
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 101/1 Seal grain leather bill book, size 3½ × 8 inches.
1905 N.Y. Times 3 Feb. 3 In a billbook in an inside pocket were many checks..on Plainfield banks.
bill chamber n. (in sense 4) a department of the Scottish Court of Session, to which suitors may repair at all times (including vacations) in emergencies requiring summary proceeding.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > offices attached to courts > to Scottish Court of Session
bill chamber1699
1699 Ld. Reay Let. 10 Oct. in S. Pepys Private Corr. (1926) I. 190 Direct it to the care of Mr Robert Menzies, to be found att the Bill Chamber in Edinburgh.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 99 By 53 Geo. III. c. 64, §2, it is enacted that the junior judge in the Court of Session shall officiate permanently in the Bill Chamber during the sitting of the court.
bill-clerk n. U.S. a clerk who makes out the bills at a hotel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > [noun] > clerical > dealing with specific type of business
room clerk1867
material clerk1900
bill-clerk1901
correspondence clerk1906
wage clerk1921
1901 Daily Chron. 10 Oct. 3/5 Paying such surplusage to the bill-clerk, or the head-porter.
1909 ‘O. Henry’ Options (1916) 77 Young New Yorkers who might be millionaires or bill clerks.
billfold n. U.S. a note-case or wallet.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > place for keeping money > wallet > [noun]
pocketbook1670
reader1718
dummy1785
wallet1843
insider1846
porte-monnaie1850
skin1856
bill-holder1890
bill-book1895
billfold1895
poke1908
billfolder1909
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 100/3 Pocket books..4 pockets and bill fold.
1914 C. E. Walk Green Seal xxii. 283 Here, perhaps, was a surer passport to my goal than the tickets reposing in my bill~fold.
1919 H. Leverage White Cipher 43 Sir Richard drew from his inner vest-pocket a thin bill-fold.
1951 Festival of Brit.: Catal. Exhibits: South Bank Exhib. (H.M.S.O.) 57/2 Woman's billfold.
1961 J. Steinbeck Winter of our Discontent i. 40 From his side pocket he brought a billfold, a rich and beautiful affair of pin seal.
billfolder n. U.S. = billfold n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > place for keeping money > wallet > [noun]
pocketbook1670
reader1718
dummy1785
wallet1843
insider1846
porte-monnaie1850
skin1856
bill-holder1890
bill-book1895
billfold1895
poke1908
billfolder1909
1909 ‘O. Henry’ Options (1916) 35 He drew out his bill-folder to pay the cabman.
bill-head n. (in sense 6) paper ruled for a tradesman's bills, having his name, etc. printed at the top.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > invoice or bill > paper for
bill-head1845
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper for correspondence > types of
mourning paper1635
bank paper1696
bank post1801
foreign1825
Bath-post1837
bill-head1845
mourning notepaper1846
vellum post1847
bond papera1877
correspondence card1892
notehead1892
airmail paper1933
letterhead1939
notelet1955
bluey1989
1845 J. W. Norris Business Adviser & Gen. Directory Chicago 136 (D.A.E.) Circulars, Bill Heads, Hand Bills.
1910 A. Bennett Clayhanger i. iii. 21 Nobody heard romance in the puffing of the hidden steam-engine multiplying catalogues and billheads.
bill-holder n. (a) a person who holds a bill or acceptance; (b) U.S. a container for bank-notes, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > place for keeping money > wallet > [noun]
pocketbook1670
reader1718
dummy1785
wallet1843
insider1846
porte-monnaie1850
skin1856
bill-holder1890
bill-book1895
billfold1895
poke1908
billfolder1909
1890 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Bill holder,..a device by means of which bills, etc., are held.
1929 E. L. Rice Street Scene ii. 176 He..carries a large black-covered bill-holder.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

billn.4

Etymology: For beel, beeal, dialect form of bell n.4, bellow n.
rare.
Bellowing; the boom of the bittern.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > member of genus Botaurus (bittern) > cry of
bumpa1529
bill1793
1793 W. Wordsworth Evening Walk 21 When first the bittern's hollow bill Was heard.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

Billn.5

Etymology: Shortened < Old Bill n. 2.
slang.
The police-force; a policeman. Frequently preceded by the.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun]
police1798
police force1820
constabulary1837
the force1851
John Law1903
button1921
fuzz1929
law1929
Babylon1943
monaych1961
filth1967
heat1967
Bill1969
Old Bill1970
beast1978
blues and twos1985
dibble1990
po-po1994
1939 H. Hodge Cab, Sir? xv. 217 ‘Old Bill’ is an extraordinarily profitable fare—someone who not only wants to go a long way, but also gives a big tip... ‘The Bill’ is the Metropolitan Police Cab-driver's licence—as distinct from the ordinary County Council driving licence.]
1969 Daily Mirror 10 Oct. 18/3 Bill, the police.
1975 Daily Express 4 Apr. 6/8 I listened to this banging and I said: ‘That's no cat, that's the Bill’.
1979 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 1 June 523/1 There wasn't going to be no questions asked in the House about some working-class kid getting hisself duffed up by the Bill if said Bill got his old man too chicken-shit to say a dicky-bird about it.
1986 Telegraph (Brisbane) 31 July 35/3 ‘The Bill’ takes place in the tough streets of Wapping, where..a policeman's day may begin catching a pickpocket and end up saving a life.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

billv.1

Brit. /bɪl/, U.S. /bɪl/
Etymology: < bill n.1
transitive. To work at or on with a bill; to hoe, hack, chop, lop.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > hoe
billc1440
paddle1556
sarculate1623
hoe1712
hack1732
hand-hoe1733
hoe-plough1733
scuffle1766
small-hoe1786
shim1797
horse-hoe1830
nidget1843
first1860
prong-hoe1892
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 36 Byllen wythe mattokys, ligonizo, marro.
1647 H. More Philos. Poems 319 Busily billing the rough outward rinde.
1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. viii. 372 A small footpath that had been billed in the bush.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

billv.2

Forms: Middle English billen, Middle English bilen, Middle English byll-en, byllyn, ( bollyn), 1600s bile, 1500s– bill.
Etymology: < bill n.2
1.
a. intransitive. To strike with the bill; to peck. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > peck
billc1220
beak?c1225
pecka1398
joba1500
neba1819
peggle1854
stock1893
c1220 Bestiary 82 in Old Eng. Misc. 3 Ðanne goð he [the eagle] to a ston, and he billeð ðer on, billeð til his bec biforn haueð ðe wrengðe forloren.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xii. xxxii The sparow..biteþ and bileth [1535 byllyth] for to haue nestes of swalowes.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 36 Bollyn or jowyn [v.r. byllen or iobbyn] wythe the bylle as byrdys, rostro.
a1678 A. Marvell Unfort. Lover 51 As one cormorant fed him, still Another on his heart did bill.
b. transitive with out, away, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (transitive)] > peck
beak?c1225
pecka1382
to pick at ——a1449
bill1496
stock1653
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) iv. iii. 163/1 She [the Pellycane] beteth & bylleth and casteth them out of her company.
2. To stroke bill with bill (as doves).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > other actions of dove
bill1593
neba1819
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Ciiijv Like two siluer doues that sit a billing . View more context for this quotation
1637 T. Heywood Dial. 309 I observ'd but late Two Turtles bill, and either court it's mate.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 126 Voracious Birds, that hotly Bill and breed.
1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 21 Two doves billing upon the roof above.
3. transferred. To caress, make show of affection; usually (of reciprocal action) to bill and coo.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > action of caressing > caress or make a show of affection [verb (intransitive)]
ingle1599
bill1609
smug1813
canoodle1864
mush1919
goo1941
the mind > emotion > love > action of caressing > caress or make a show of affection [verb (intransitive)] > converse caressingly or amorously
to bill and coo1609
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. ii. 56 What billing again. View more context for this quotation
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 40 Still Amorous, and Fond, and Billing, Like Philip and Mary, on a Shilling.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 300. ⁋1 Tom Faddle and his pretty spouse wherever they come are billing at such a Rate.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xxx. 295 Jenny and Jessamy..billing and cooing in an arbour.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

billv.3

Etymology: < bill n.3
1.
a. transitive. To enter (in a bill, book, catalogue, account, or reckoning). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)] > enter in list
billc1305
enrolc1350
putc1436
rollc1440
inbill1461
book1548
cataloguize1609
billet1610
enschedulea1616
catalogize1632
catalogue1635
list1658
schedule1862
handlist1888
c1305 Leg. Holy Rood (1871) 138 Pardoun in book is billed.
1615 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. (1645) 58 There is none of all our cates here, but must be billed up.
1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel 52 The Authours billed and catalogued by Brierly.
1652 W. Jenkyn Expos. Jude: 1st Pt. iv. 300 The..impenitent are bill'd and book'd by God, and at length God will call in his debts.
b. U.S. To enter in a railway book or way-bill; to ‘book’.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > [verb (transitive)] > convey by railway > enter in a railway book or way-bill
bill1867
1867 Vermont Rep. XL. 326 The station agent..billed the plaintiff's goods through to C.
1881 Chicago Times 16 Apr. There were four hundred cars of grain billed to St. Louis.
1883 St. James's Gaz. 15 Mar. It was a young lady..about nineteen years of age, and billed from Selma, Alabama, to New York.
2. To enter (a person) in a list (e.g. of soldiers for service), to enrol. Obsolete exc. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)] > enter in list > enter name or person in list
billa1464
to write upa1500
inscribe1607
to string up1854
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 219 And officeres inquired whi he was so bold for to bille hem.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 190 There was one persone bewraied, that had billed hymself in the noumbre of the sickefolkes.
1567 E. Grindal Remains (1843) (modernized text) 292 He might bill three or four grave men, whereof her Majesty might make choice.
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 3) 485 As if they were booked, enrolled, and billed to this confusion.
1910 J. Masefield Pompey 22 Send out your press. Bill every able-bodied man. Bill the women if the men won't come.
3. To make (one) the subject or object of a bill; to libel, lampoon; to indict; to petition. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)]
wrayc725
forwrayOE
beclepec1030
challenge?c1225
indict1303
appeachc1315
aditea1325
appeal1366
impeachc1380
reprovea1382
arraigna1400
calla1400
raign?a1425
to put upa1438
present?a1439
ditec1440
detectc1449
articlec1450
billc1450
peach1465
attach1480
denounce1485
aret1487
accusea1500
filea1500
delate1515
crimea1550
panel1560
articulate1563
prosecute1579
impleada1600
to have up1605
reprosecute1622
tainta1625
criminatea1646
affect1726
to pull up1799
rap1904
run1909
society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > be the author of or write (a work) [verb (transitive)] > express in written work or write about > satirize or lampoon
billc1450
pistle1589
canvass1590
satirize1619
squib1631
pasquila1648
lampoona1657
pasquin1683
parodize1768
pasquinade1779
besquib1813
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > petition
procurea1387
motion1476
solicit1530
supplication1593
supplicate1601
petition1607
petitionate1624
move1633
address1698
bill1722
c1450 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 228 Yt is myche lesse harme to bylle thanne to kylle.
1537 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 547 We haue neither billed any suche nomber of persounes..ne purpose to call uppe any oon persoune.
1722 A. Ramsay Twa Cats & Cheese in Fables & Tales i. ix Poor Pousies..bill'd the Judge that he wad please To give them the remaining Cheese.
4. To announce or advertise by bill. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill
posta1640
bill1692
placarda1713
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cccci. 375 A Composition that he Bill'd about, under the Name of a Sovereign Antidote.
1871 Daily News 21 Mar. At the Opera to-night Flick und Flock is ‘billed.’
1884 Manch. Examiner 1 Oct. 5/5 The leading feature of the Pall Mall Gazette ‘special’..so loudly billed to-night.
1934 E. Bowen Cat Jumps 159 She was billed, it appeared, for yet another confession.
1963 Listener 21 Mar. 484/2 He [sc. Kenyatta] is so much more the Kikuyu, and the older Kikuyu, than the national leader he is billed to become.
5. To plaster over, occupy, or crowd with bills.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill > put up placard, notice, or bill on
screena1664
placard1813
bill1821
post1854
fly-post1903
paper1908
1821 P. Egan Real Life in London I. ix. 158 The practice of advertising and billing the town has become so common.
1851 Househ. Words II. 601 All traces of the broken windows were billed out, the doors were billed across.
1884 Harper's Mag. Sept. 509/2 The..agent thought this town..would be a good place for his man, and so he ‘billed’ it.
6. To send a bill or account to; to charge.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > demand payment > send bill or account > send bill or invoice to
invoice1698
bill1867
1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. xxxii. 273 As for billing my first-cousin, which your wife is, I should as soon think of sending in an account to my own.
1953 ‘S. Ransome’ Hear No Evil (1954) vi. 65 If the money doesn't come through, please bill me.
1956 ‘N. Shute’ Beyond Black Stump 40 If there's a scratch on it, I'll bill you for it.
1960 Times 12 Aug. 14/4 It [sc. photocopying] is used by doctors to bill their patients.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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