reverberatev.

Brit.

/rᵻˈvəːbəreɪt/, U.S.

/rəˈvərbəˌreɪt/,

/riˈvərbəˌreɪt/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s reuerberate, 1500s– reverberate, 1600s reuerberat, 1600s reverberat.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin reverberāt-, reverberāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin reverberāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of reverberāre to repel violently from a surface, beat back, in post-classical Latin also to dazzle (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources), to reflect (from 12th cent. in British sources), to cause (sound) to re-echo (c1200 in a British source) < re- re- prefix + verberāre verberate v. Compare Middle French reverberer, French réverbérer to strike again (end of the 14th cent.), to reflect (an image), to reflect (heat or light) (c1400), to repeat (something) (1424), to shine (c1470), Catalan reverberar (15th cent.), Spanish reverberar (15th cent.), Portuguese reverberar (a1557), Italian riverberare, †reverberare (14th cent.).Compare the following isolated attestation of Middle English reverbere, showing borrowing of either Middle French reverberer or classical Latin reverberāre:?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Hunterian) f. 58^v When þei [sc. breasts] ben hette of þe herte þei mowe reuerberen þe hete aȝeine to þe herte þat þe herte mowe be conforted bi þe hete.

†a. transitive. To beat, drive, or force back; to repel, repulse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel > something impinging or advancing

repercuss?a1425

repulse?a1425

reverberatec1487

rebut1490

repel?1529

rebuff1697

wash1697

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 325 The sone bemes ne may have enteres to reuerberate the busshy shade with theire clere aspectes glitteryng as golde.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. Cxii^v Reuerberate nat the cause inward with no oyntment.

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. O^v A strong wall to repulse and reuerberate the violence of the furious waues of the Sea.

1670 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 5 1049 The Exhalation from the Bath, reverberated by the Cupola..and by the Capitals of the Pillars, formeth long Stones like Ice-icles.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 68 By the gusts of wind reverberated from the hill.

1782 V. Knox Ess. (new ed.) II. cxiii. 128 As the billows are reverberated from the rock.

1823 M. Radcliffe Domest. Cookery 635 A child's bed should not be surrounded with close curtains, so as to obstruct the free communication of air, or to reverberate the exhalations from his lungs and body.

†b.

(a) intransitive. With in and reflexive pronoun. To turn or bend back. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > have specific directions [verb (intransitive)] > have backward direction or turn back

reverberate1578

reciprocate1623

1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya i. 23 For the perpendicular beames reflect and reuerberate in themselues, so that the heate is doubled, euery beame striking twice.

1585 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 356 On the top of this fiery trunk, seemeth the fire to be in form of a fiery Globe,..which fire reverberateth and rolleth in it self.

(b) intransitive. With on, upon, to. To recoil, come back on a person, one's feelings, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > respondent

reverberate1608

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > fall to one > fall back upon a person

redound1539

reverberate1608

result1768

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > be affected by impression [verb (intransitive)] > have effect

to pierce one's stomach1509

reverberate1608

impose1625

bite1638

to strike home1694

to cut ice (with someone)1894

register1913

project1933

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > fire [verb (transitive)] > force (flame) back > strike on as result

reverberate1608

1608 Bp. T. Morton Preamble Incounter 108 Therefore must his owne termes of falshood, fraud, treacherie, reuerberate vpon himselfe.

1713 Hist. Grand Reb. ii. 227 Thus does the malice, levell'd at the great By fools, upon themselves reverberate.

1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl I. vii. 192 All the blessings which under heaven he conferred on her reverberated [printed reveberated] on his own feelings.

1839 T. De Quincey Lake Reminiscences in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 6/2 The..sympathy..by which she made all that one could tell her..reverberate..to one's own feelings, by the manifest impression it made upon her.

c. transitive. Originally: †to send (something) back whence it came; to cast back upon something; (obsolete). In later use: spec. to deflect (flames, heat, etc.) (on to or on something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > fall to one > cast back upon something

reverberatea1604

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > fire [verb (transitive)] > force (flame) back

reverberate1758

a1604 R. Hall Life & Death John Fisher (1655) 23 The fire of Love..kindling within his breast, sent such a stream up into his minde, as suddenly distilled into his eyes, which like an overflowing viol reverberates the stream back againe to the heart.

1618 T. Gainsford True Hist. P. Warbeck 111 From a continual melancholy, reuerberating mislike and hate vpon his staggering conceits.

a1632 T. Middleton & J. Webster Any Thing for Quiet Life (1662) sig. G4 Why hark, your own tongue answers you, and reverberates your words into your teeth.

1658 T. St. Serfe tr. M. de Marmet Entertainments of Cours 111 The great coldnesse of the Region reverberates the natural heat inwards, and makes the moisture of their brains..exceed the drought.

1711 Atlas Geographus I. 177/1 They cover the Smoke-hole in the Roof with Ice, which reverberates the Heat into the Room.

1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 71 This calx further calcined by a moderate fire, the flame being reverberated on it, soon grows white.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Madder It would be of great use to reverberate the steam on malt and madder-roots.

1832 A. B. Lambert Descr. Genus Pinus (new ed.) II. 159 The heat and smoke, which are reverberated on the wood, cause the resin and sap to flow from the latter.

1920 J. M. Camp & C. B. Francis Making, Shaping & Treating of Steel (ed. 2) ii. vi. 419 The roof of the furnace slopes downward toward the middle of the furnace and reverberates the heat of the flame upon the floor.

1921 L. S. Austin Metall. Common Metals (ed. 5) vi. 73 The hearth is covered by an arched roof so as to reverberate or throw down the heat upon the charge placed on the hearth.

1994 C. Bodsworth Extraction & Refining of Metals iv. 163 The reverberatory furnace, so named because the heat is ‘reverberated’ to the charge from the furnace roof.

†d. intransitive. Of a material object: to recoil, rebound, esp. with a reverberating sound. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > rebound > [verb (intransitive)]

to pilt up againa1200

bolt?c1225

rebounda1398

redoundc1500

stot1513

to strike upward1530

band1580

recoil1591

bound1597

result1598

retort1599

resile1641

bandy1658

resiliate1755

ricochet1804

reverberate1817

kick1832

dap1851

bounce1887

bank1962

1817 M. Wilks Hist. Sketches S. India II. xv. 47 Khâkee Shâh was cut in two by a cannon shot... The shot must have reverberated from the other rocks.

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. 282 A stone dropped into one of them reverberated against the sides for apparently a very great depth.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vi. 56 Our rifle-balls reverberated from their hides like cork pellets from a pop-gun target.

†2. transitive. Of light or sound: to fall on or strike; to spread throughout, fill. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > shine [verb (transitive)] > of light

reverberate1561

strikea1586

repercuss1592

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > make sound [verb (transitive)] > fall or strike upon (of sound)

reverberate1561

1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶¶.iii^v His beames reuerberatyng heauen, represente suche a maner of lyght, as we haue in Sommer two houres before the Sunne ryse.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 377 How still your voice with prudent discipline My Prentize eare doth oft re-verberate.

1648 Great Britans Vote 3 United voices even reverberate the aire with this heaven-piercing Eccho.

1670 S. Gott Divine Hist. Genesis World viii. 227 Only the Air as I have said, having the sound Actuated in it, and being Reverberated, doth Return it with the Sound in it.

3. Chemistry and Metallurgy.

a. transitive and †intransitive. To heat (a substance) in such a way that flames are deflected on to or pass over its surface. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > furnace or kiln > subject to heat of reverberatory furnace

reverberate1576

society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (intransitive)] > subject to heat of reverberatory furnace

reverberate1712

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iv. f. 237 If the Salt drawne, be not white, then let it be reuerberated vnto a whitenesse.

1590 J. Hester tr. J. Du Chesne Sclopotarie 91 Then reverberate it with an open fire.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. D4 Sub. Out of that calx, I' ha' wonne the salt of Mercurie. Mam. By pouring on your rectefied water? Sub. Yes, and reuerberating in Athanor.

1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 9 It may be done..By reverberating.

1699 tr. H. de Blancourt Art of Glass xlvii. 92 2 ounces of Crocus Martis Calcined and Reverberated with Sulphur.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 109 Take impalpable Powder,..calcine and reverberate twenty-four Hours.

1778 W. Lewis New Dispensatory (Dublin ed. 4) iii. x. 512/2 Take any quantity of the calx of mercury, and reverberate it in a crucible, with successive degrees of heat.

1845 Astrologer & Oracle of Destiny 2 Aug. 235/2 Taking common salt, and quick or unslaked lime, reverberate them together in a wind furnace with the strongest fire.

1985 M. M. Junius Pract. Handbk. Plant Alchemy xi. 225 Put it back in the pan, reverberate it as before, first with a small fire to let it glow sweetly without getting a taste.

†b. intransitive. Of flame, hot gases, etc.: to impinge on something, to pass over or into something, as a result of being deflected. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) The Chymists say, Make the Flame Reverberate on the Coppel.

1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 60 So that the Fumes of the Coals may reverberate over 'em.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 577 The flame that escapes from the founding or pot-furnace is thus economically brought to reverberate on the raw materials of the bottle glass.

1894 Harper's Mag. Jan. 420 The flames pass over this bridge, and reverberate into the laboratory, where they act on the charge.

c. intransitive. Of a substance: to be heated in such a way that flames pass over its surface. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > actions of furnace [verb (intransitive)] > undergo reverberation

reverberate1738

1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 47 Let them reverberate and calcine in an Earthen Pot in a Furnace for 24 hours.

1985 M. M. Junius Pract. Handbk. Plant Alchemy xi. 207 Take all the feces that have remained in the retort,..set them all together to reverberate..until they become snow-white.

†d. intransitive. Of a kiln or furnace: to heat by reverberation (reverberation n. 3). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > become fire [verb (intransitive)] > cause reverberation

reverberate1763

1763 J. Mills Syst. Pract. Husb. I. 62 Kilns thus built, swelling at or about the middle, and contracting again at the top, reverberate more strongly..than those which grow wider and wider.

a. intransitive. Of a place or object: to ring or vibrate with sound; to re-echo, resound. Frequently with with, to.

ΚΠ

1590 T. Fenne Frutes sig. Bb4 No fiend that comes from hell could any more lament..with bounsing blowes and cries, Whereat the caues reuerberate, and Echo roles in skies.

1686 Famous Hist. Seven Champions Christendom: 3rd Pt. vi. 42 The hollow Caverns of the Hills reverberated with such an Eccho, as if Jupiter had spent his thundering Artillery to welcom these English Heroes.

1760 W. Woty Shrubs of Parnassus 43 She..Makes Echo's hall reverberate around, And wakes each note that slept within her lyre.

1786 tr. Marquis de Langle Sentimental Journey through Spain I. 73 Let your walls reverberate with the cries of a child newly born.

1835 W. Irving Newstead Abbey in Crayon Misc. II. 196 The ruined walls would reverberate with their incessant cawings.

1866 J. Gilliss Let. 18 Mar. in So Far from Home (1993) 49 The birds seem nearly wild and the rocks reverberate with their throat-splitting chorus.

1906 M. Wagnalls Stars Opera 51 Its great chandelier vibrated to the sound of a new voice and the marble walls of its ornate halls reverberated to the sound of a new name.

1918 K. Burke Let. 18 Feb. in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 61 Peruse a page of him, and your ear will reverberate with the tintinnabulations of his superabundant Latinity.

1967 B. Took & M. Feldman in B. Took & M. Coward Best of ‘Round The Horne’ (2000) 174/1 The railroad is coming through—Soon the Black Hills will reverberate to the sound of the iron horse.

1981 A. MacLean River of Death (1983) Introd. 11 High above the North Sea the air thundered and reverberated to the throbbing roar of scores of plane engines.

2002 M. Collins Resurrectionists x. 97 The door reverberated as she pulled it hard behind her.

b. intransitive. Of sound: to resound, re-echo. Also figurative: (of reputation, news, etc.) to be much mentioned or repeated; (also) to have consequential effects.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo > of sounds

rebounda1398

redounda1470

echo1563

reverberate1591

remurmur1699

verberate1767

1591 R. Greene Maidens Dreame 326 The groanes are lesse at hels black gate, Then Eccho there did then reuerberate.

1609 T. Morton Catholike Appeale v. xxiv. 650 False accusations (as S. Basil saith) do oftentimes reuerberate, and eccho vpon the Accusers themselues.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 79 That Sound eccho'd and reverberated from innumerable Cavities and Hollows among the Rocks.

1759 O. Goldsmith Enq. Present State Polite Learning v They wait till something new comes out from others;..and reject it, or make it reverberate through the rest of Europe.

1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (new ed.) 23 The shock—the shout—the groan of war—Reverberate along that vale.

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. v. 92 The disturbance of a single nerve-fibre..reverberates throughout the entire nervous system.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xvii. 236 The roar of the stream reverberating through the woods.

1918 A. G. Gardiner Leaves in Wind 212 I..seemed like some strange reminiscence of myself, like an echo that had gone reverberating down countless centuries.

1930 V. Sackville-West Edwardians i. 13 The clock..struck One, and the sound reverberated all round the roofs.

1958 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples IV. x. iii. 47 Cobden and Bright's thundering speeches against the landed classes reverberated through the nation.

1992 Matrix Fall 18/1 Not the shrieking of the saw through bone, reverberating in the concrete well of the hippo pool.

c. transitive. To cause (a sound or noise) to resound or re-echo.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (transitive)] > reverberate or echo

answera1425

redoublea1542

rebound1555

return1557

reply1565

report1589

re-echo1595

repercuss?a1597

render1598

reverberate1603

respeak1604

reverb1608

retort1609

reword1609

revoice1610

refract1621

to give back1889

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xii. 273 The hilles to heav'n reverberate their voyce.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 114 Voice is moved and reverberated from smooth places, as a ball against a Wall.

1685 Roxburghe Ballads (1885) V. 540 Passing..from Sphere to Sphere!.. Which, Hark! reverberates and multiplies the sound!

1743 M. Jones Let. 11 Oct. in Misc. in Prose & Verse 244 The slightest thing, you say in my Favour, strikes sensibly upon my Nature, and makes me long to reverberate the sound.

1774 J. Beattie Minstrel: 2nd Bk. viii. 5 Oft did the cliffs reverberate the sound.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad v. 204 Hellgate rocks reverberate the roar.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. 1033 A canopy or type over a pulpit, to reverberate the voice of the speaker.

1858 N. Hawthorne French & Ital. Note-bks. II. 247 The evening gun thundered from the fortress, and was reverberated from the heights.

1942 N. Cameron in A. Hodge et al. Work in Hand 40 We give him yes-men in a row, Reverberating that self-praise He wearied of a while ago.

1975 Sci. Amer. July 48/2 Signals become convolved when sounds are reverberated or resonated or, in the case of photographs, when images are blurred.

2000 A. Tomatis in D. Campbell Music (ed. 2) i. 24 The walls of the church itself are excited, reverberating the sound.

a. intransitive. Of heat or (less commonly) light: to be reflected, esp. repeatedly (from something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (intransitive)]

rebounda1398

glentc1400

reflect?a1439

reflamec1450

reverberate1598

1598 B. Yong tr. A. Pérez 2nd Pt. Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 171 Diuers colours, which reuerberated from the flowers.

1623 W. Traheron & E. Grimeston tr. P. Mexia Imperiall Hist. 304 The sunne-beames might reuerberate from those glasses.

1686 True Fortune-Teller (ed. 2) xli. 176 The Beams being shott direct, reverberate or are beaten back, making a round Circle or Halen.

1770 G. Baretti Journey London to Genoa II. 116 The rage of the sun that reverberated from the continued rocks.

a1785 A. Parsons Trav. (1808) iv. 101 The heat of the sun, which reverberated again from the water.

1908 G. E. Hadow & W. H. Hadow Oxf. Treasury Eng. Lit. III. v. 136 A page of his history is like a sheet of metal: light reverberates from its polished lustre.

1979 J. J. Gibson Ecol. Approach Visual Perception ii. 29 Light reverberates between the sky and the earth and between surfaces.

1987 D. E. Fisher Birth of Earth xi. 86 Trapped under the thick carbon dioxide clouds, the heat reverberates and the planet simply gets hotter and hotter.

2007 M. E. Schlesinger Aluminum Recycling vii. 113 The heat reverberates (bounces) off the walls and impinges on the aluminum in the hearth.

b. transitive. To reflect (light, heat, or other radiation), esp. repeatedly. Now chiefly technical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (transitive)]

rebounda1450

reflexc1536

reflect1555

return1557

repercuss1604

retort1609

refract1621

reverberate1638

to throw back1698

flash1716

to give back1831

glint1844

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 135 Guilded crescents or spires which gallantly reverberate Apollo's yellow flames.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. vi. 101 Fleshy Pillars, wherewith the heat is both more easily preserved and reverberated.

1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 304 These [caps],..by reverberating the Heat, prevent the Spirit from evaporating.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 86 On which the Sun shining.., its Rays were reverberated as from another Sun.

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 18 The far flashing of their starry lances Reverberates the dying light of day.

1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 126 The full glory of a tropical sunset, reverberated from the sea.

1947 U.S. Patent 2,431,962 4/2 The high frequencies will..be reverberated in chamber A and pass through the door to speaker 19.

1978 Nature 31 Aug. 876/2 The intensity of the radiation being reverberated in the cavity is sampled by measuring the power passing through a hole in the wall.

1998 T. J. Mason in M. J. W. Povey & T. J. Mason Ultrasound Food Processing vi. 113 The vibrational energy, before being absorbed by the liquid is reverberated by the opposite plate.

†c. intransitive. To shine on (also upon) something, esp. with reflected beams or rays of light. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (intransitive)] > onto

reverberate1645

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxi. 42 You seem'd to reverberat upon me with the Beams of the Sun.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 234 In regard the rayes of Christianity first reverberated upon her.

c1650 Don Bellianis 223 The sun reverberating on them made the city seem of a burning flame.

†6. transitive. To beat or strike (a thing) frequently or repeatedly. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)]

abeatOE

beatc1000

dingc1300

dintc1300

bulka1400

batc1440

hampera1529

pommel1530

lump1546

pummel1548

bebatter1567

filch1567

peal-pelt1582

reverberate1599

vapulate1603

over-labour1632

polt1652

bepat1676

flog1801

quilt1822

meller1862

tund1885

massage1924

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 45/1 Reverberate the same dilligentlye with the Spatula [Ger. darnach schlag sie vast], and it will be the better.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	reverberate
释义	reverberateadj. Brit. /rᵻˈvəːbərət/, U.S. /rəˈvərbərət/, /riˈvərbərət/ Forms: 1500s–1600s reuerberate, 1600s reverberat, 1600s 1800s– reverberate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin reverberātus, reverberāre. Etymology: < classical Latin reverberātus, past participle of reverberāre reverberate v. Compare reverberated adj., reverberating adj. I. As past participle. 1. Reverberated. rare after 17th cent. ΚΠ 1589 T. Lodge Scillaes Metamorphosis sig. D3 The aire..Which once reuerberate, straight yeelds a noice. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. L2 That his teare-thyrsty and vnquenched hate, May be vpon himselfe reuerberate. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1161 A man may see in the Moone the great ocean, without, not in the very place where it is situate: but from whence the reflexion by touching the light reverberat and sent backe, maketh a sight and apparition thereof. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §261 Both of them [sc. visibles and audibles] will be Reverberate; as in Mirrors, and in Echoes. 1841 J. Dunlop South Sea Islanders 227 To be reverberate still in heavenly mansions high, And by responsive angels 'mid the joyous sky. 1998 C. Hellier in C. Carson Becoming Americans (1999) 159 It continues to be reverberate in contemporary society. II. As adjective. 2. That has been reverberated; re-echoed. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [adjective] > reverberating or echoing > reverberated echoed1590 reverberate1595 reverberated1678 reverbed1975 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > of the nature of or resembling flame > forced back (of flames) reverberate1595 reverberatory1605 reverbering1690 reverberating1694 1595 G. Chapman Ouids Banquet of Sence sig. C3 ^v As doe the sun-beames gainst the earth protected, With their reuerberate vigor mount in flames. 1604 T. Dekker Magnificent Entertainm. sig. I With reuerberate shoutes our Globe shall ring. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ix. 134 Such ecchoing shoutes (which..With the reverberate sound the spacious ayre did fill). 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Reverberatory, a Furnace used by Chymists for the Calcining of their Minerals..by a Reverberate flame. 1867 A. C. Swinburne in Fortn. Rev. Oct. 432 Steady surges, regular in resonance, not fitful or gusty but antiphonal and reverberate. 1994 A. Sinclair In Love & Anger vi. 127 A long roar, a reverberate clapping, no noise, a bleach of space, an end of the world. 3. poetic. Reverberating. rare.In later use with allusion to Shakespeare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [adjective] > reverberating or echoing rebounding1555 rolling1575 repercussive1604 doubling1605 reverberate1608 reparable echo1616 revoicing1631 reverberating1632 rewording1657 re-echoing1668 repeating1685 phonocamptic1694 echoing1702 anacamptic1706 anacamptical1706 reactive1712 rebellowing1712 redoubling1717 repulsive1744 reverberative1807 reverbering1822 reboant1830 echoy1841 reverberant1847 reboantic1853 verberant1864 1608 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Characters Two Royall Masques sig. B3^v Which skill Pithagoras First taught to men, by a reuerberate glasse. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 261 Hallow your name to the reuerberate hilles. 1814 E. Thurlow Doge's Daughter ii, in Moonlight 191 Thrice his horse neigh'd, and the reverberate hills Gave back the image of his voice. 1938 M. Rukeyser U.S. 1 52 Down the reverberate channels of the hills The suns declare midnight, go down, cannot ascend, No ladder back. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reverberatev. Brit. /rᵻˈvəːbəreɪt/, U.S. /rəˈvərbəˌreɪt/, /riˈvərbəˌreɪt/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s reuerberate, 1500s– reverberate, 1600s reuerberat, 1600s reverberat. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin reverberāt-, reverberāre. Etymology: < classical Latin reverberāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of reverberāre to repel violently from a surface, beat back, in post-classical Latin also to dazzle (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources), to reflect (from 12th cent. in British sources), to cause (sound) to re-echo (c1200 in a British source) < re- re- prefix + verberāre verberate v. Compare Middle French reverberer, French réverbérer to strike again (end of the 14th cent.), to reflect (an image), to reflect (heat or light) (c1400), to repeat (something) (1424), to shine (c1470), Catalan reverberar (15th cent.), Spanish reverberar (15th cent.), Portuguese reverberar (a1557), Italian riverberare, †reverberare (14th cent.).Compare the following isolated attestation of Middle English reverbere, showing borrowing of either Middle French reverberer or classical Latin reverberāre:?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Hunterian) f. 58^v When þei [sc. breasts] ben hette of þe herte þei mowe reuerberen þe hete aȝeine to þe herte þat þe herte mowe be conforted bi þe hete. 1. †a. transitive. To beat, drive, or force back; to repel, repulse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel > something impinging or advancing repercuss?a1425 repulse?a1425 reverberatec1487 rebut1490 repel?1529 rebuff1697 wash1697 c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 325 The sone bemes ne may have enteres to reuerberate the busshy shade with theire clere aspectes glitteryng as golde. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. Cxii^v Reuerberate nat the cause inward with no oyntment. 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. O^v A strong wall to repulse and reuerberate the violence of the furious waues of the Sea. 1670 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 5 1049 The Exhalation from the Bath, reverberated by the Cupola..and by the Capitals of the Pillars, formeth long Stones like Ice-icles. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 68 By the gusts of wind reverberated from the hill. 1782 V. Knox Ess. (new ed.) II. cxiii. 128 As the billows are reverberated from the rock. 1823 M. Radcliffe Domest. Cookery 635 A child's bed should not be surrounded with close curtains, so as to obstruct the free communication of air, or to reverberate the exhalations from his lungs and body. †b. (a) intransitive. With in and reflexive pronoun. To turn or bend back. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > have specific directions [verb (intransitive)] > have backward direction or turn back reverberate1578 reciprocate1623 1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya i. 23 For the perpendicular beames reflect and reuerberate in themselues, so that the heate is doubled, euery beame striking twice. 1585 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 356 On the top of this fiery trunk, seemeth the fire to be in form of a fiery Globe,..which fire reverberateth and rolleth in it self. (b) intransitive. With on, upon, to. To recoil, come back on a person, one's feelings, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > respondent reverberate1608 the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > fall to one > fall back upon a person redound1539 reverberate1608 result1768 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > be affected by impression [verb (intransitive)] > have effect to pierce one's stomach1509 reverberate1608 impose1625 bite1638 to strike home1694 to cut ice (with someone)1894 register1913 project1933 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > fire [verb (transitive)] > force (flame) back > strike on as result reverberate1608 1608 Bp. T. Morton Preamble Incounter 108 Therefore must his owne termes of falshood, fraud, treacherie, reuerberate vpon himselfe. 1713 Hist. Grand Reb. ii. 227 Thus does the malice, levell'd at the great By fools, upon themselves reverberate. 1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl I. vii. 192 All the blessings which under heaven he conferred on her reverberated [printed reveberated] on his own feelings. 1839 T. De Quincey Lake Reminiscences in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 6/2 The..sympathy..by which she made all that one could tell her..reverberate..to one's own feelings, by the manifest impression it made upon her. c. transitive. Originally: †to send (something) back whence it came; to cast back upon something; (obsolete). In later use: spec. to deflect (flames, heat, etc.) (on to or on something). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > fall to one > cast back upon something reverberatea1604 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > fire [verb (transitive)] > force (flame) back reverberate1758 a1604 R. Hall Life & Death John Fisher (1655) 23 The fire of Love..kindling within his breast, sent such a stream up into his minde, as suddenly distilled into his eyes, which like an overflowing viol reverberates the stream back againe to the heart. 1618 T. Gainsford True Hist. P. Warbeck 111 From a continual melancholy, reuerberating mislike and hate vpon his staggering conceits. a1632 T. Middleton & J. Webster Any Thing for Quiet Life (1662) sig. G4 Why hark, your own tongue answers you, and reverberates your words into your teeth. 1658 T. St. Serfe tr. M. de Marmet Entertainments of Cours 111 The great coldnesse of the Region reverberates the natural heat inwards, and makes the moisture of their brains..exceed the drought. 1711 Atlas Geographus I. 177/1 They cover the Smoke-hole in the Roof with Ice, which reverberates the Heat into the Room. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 71 This calx further calcined by a moderate fire, the flame being reverberated on it, soon grows white. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Madder It would be of great use to reverberate the steam on malt and madder-roots. 1832 A. B. Lambert Descr. Genus Pinus (new ed.) II. 159 The heat and smoke, which are reverberated on the wood, cause the resin and sap to flow from the latter. 1920 J. M. Camp & C. B. Francis Making, Shaping & Treating of Steel (ed. 2) ii. vi. 419 The roof of the furnace slopes downward toward the middle of the furnace and reverberates the heat of the flame upon the floor. 1921 L. S. Austin Metall. Common Metals (ed. 5) vi. 73 The hearth is covered by an arched roof so as to reverberate or throw down the heat upon the charge placed on the hearth. 1994 C. Bodsworth Extraction & Refining of Metals iv. 163 The reverberatory furnace, so named because the heat is ‘reverberated’ to the charge from the furnace roof. †d. intransitive. Of a material object: to recoil, rebound, esp. with a reverberating sound. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > rebound > [verb (intransitive)] to pilt up againa1200 bolt?c1225 rebounda1398 redoundc1500 stot1513 to strike upward1530 band1580 recoil1591 bound1597 result1598 retort1599 resile1641 bandy1658 resiliate1755 ricochet1804 reverberate1817 kick1832 dap1851 bounce1887 bank1962 1817 M. Wilks Hist. Sketches S. India II. xv. 47 Khâkee Shâh was cut in two by a cannon shot... The shot must have reverberated from the other rocks. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. 282 A stone dropped into one of them reverberated against the sides for apparently a very great depth. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vi. 56 Our rifle-balls reverberated from their hides like cork pellets from a pop-gun target. †2. transitive. Of light or sound: to fall on or strike; to spread throughout, fill. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > shine [verb (transitive)] > of light reverberate1561 strikea1586 repercuss1592 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > make sound [verb (transitive)] > fall or strike upon (of sound) reverberate1561 1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶¶.iii^v His beames reuerberatyng heauen, represente suche a maner of lyght, as we haue in Sommer two houres before the Sunne ryse. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 377 How still your voice with prudent discipline My Prentize eare doth oft re-verberate. 1648 Great Britans Vote 3 United voices even reverberate the aire with this heaven-piercing Eccho. 1670 S. Gott Divine Hist. Genesis World viii. 227 Only the Air as I have said, having the sound Actuated in it, and being Reverberated, doth Return it with the Sound in it. 3. Chemistry and Metallurgy. a. transitive and †intransitive. To heat (a substance) in such a way that flames are deflected on to or pass over its surface. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > furnace or kiln > subject to heat of reverberatory furnace reverberate1576 society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (intransitive)] > subject to heat of reverberatory furnace reverberate1712 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iv. f. 237 If the Salt drawne, be not white, then let it be reuerberated vnto a whitenesse. 1590 J. Hester tr. J. Du Chesne Sclopotarie 91 Then reverberate it with an open fire. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. D4 Sub. Out of that calx, I' ha' wonne the salt of Mercurie. Mam. By pouring on your rectefied water? Sub. Yes, and reuerberating in Athanor. View more context for this quotation 1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 9 It may be done..By reverberating. 1699 tr. H. de Blancourt Art of Glass xlvii. 92 2 ounces of Crocus Martis Calcined and Reverberated with Sulphur. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 109 Take impalpable Powder,..calcine and reverberate twenty-four Hours. 1778 W. Lewis New Dispensatory (Dublin ed. 4) iii. x. 512/2 Take any quantity of the calx of mercury, and reverberate it in a crucible, with successive degrees of heat. 1845 Astrologer & Oracle of Destiny 2 Aug. 235/2 Taking common salt, and quick or unslaked lime, reverberate them together in a wind furnace with the strongest fire. 1985 M. M. Junius Pract. Handbk. Plant Alchemy xi. 225 Put it back in the pan, reverberate it as before, first with a small fire to let it glow sweetly without getting a taste. †b. intransitive. Of flame, hot gases, etc.: to impinge on something, to pass over or into something, as a result of being deflected. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) The Chymists say, Make the Flame Reverberate on the Coppel. 1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 60 So that the Fumes of the Coals may reverberate over 'em. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 577 The flame that escapes from the founding or pot-furnace is thus economically brought to reverberate on the raw materials of the bottle glass. 1894 Harper's Mag. Jan. 420 The flames pass over this bridge, and reverberate into the laboratory, where they act on the charge. c. intransitive. Of a substance: to be heated in such a way that flames pass over its surface. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > actions of furnace [verb (intransitive)] > undergo reverberation reverberate1738 1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 47 Let them reverberate and calcine in an Earthen Pot in a Furnace for 24 hours. 1985 M. M. Junius Pract. Handbk. Plant Alchemy xi. 207 Take all the feces that have remained in the retort,..set them all together to reverberate..until they become snow-white. †d. intransitive. Of a kiln or furnace: to heat by reverberation (reverberation n. 3). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > become fire [verb (intransitive)] > cause reverberation reverberate1763 1763 J. Mills Syst. Pract. Husb. I. 62 Kilns thus built, swelling at or about the middle, and contracting again at the top, reverberate more strongly..than those which grow wider and wider. 4. a. intransitive. Of a place or object: to ring or vibrate with sound; to re-echo, resound. Frequently with with, to. ΚΠ 1590 T. Fenne Frutes sig. Bb4 No fiend that comes from hell could any more lament..with bounsing blowes and cries, Whereat the caues reuerberate, and Echo roles in skies. 1686 Famous Hist. Seven Champions Christendom: 3rd Pt. vi. 42 The hollow Caverns of the Hills reverberated with such an Eccho, as if Jupiter had spent his thundering Artillery to welcom these English Heroes. 1760 W. Woty Shrubs of Parnassus 43 She..Makes Echo's hall reverberate around, And wakes each note that slept within her lyre. 1786 tr. Marquis de Langle Sentimental Journey through Spain I. 73 Let your walls reverberate with the cries of a child newly born. 1835 W. Irving Newstead Abbey in Crayon Misc. II. 196 The ruined walls would reverberate with their incessant cawings. 1866 J. Gilliss Let. 18 Mar. in So Far from Home (1993) 49 The birds seem nearly wild and the rocks reverberate with their throat-splitting chorus. 1906 M. Wagnalls Stars Opera 51 Its great chandelier vibrated to the sound of a new voice and the marble walls of its ornate halls reverberated to the sound of a new name. 1918 K. Burke Let. 18 Feb. in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 61 Peruse a page of him, and your ear will reverberate with the tintinnabulations of his superabundant Latinity. 1967 B. Took & M. Feldman in B. Took & M. Coward Best of ‘Round The Horne’ (2000) 174/1 The railroad is coming through—Soon the Black Hills will reverberate to the sound of the iron horse. 1981 A. MacLean River of Death (1983) Introd. 11 High above the North Sea the air thundered and reverberated to the throbbing roar of scores of plane engines. 2002 M. Collins Resurrectionists x. 97 The door reverberated as she pulled it hard behind her. b. intransitive. Of sound: to resound, re-echo. Also figurative: (of reputation, news, etc.) to be much mentioned or repeated; (also) to have consequential effects. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo > of sounds rebounda1398 redounda1470 echo1563 reverberate1591 remurmur1699 verberate1767 1591 R. Greene Maidens Dreame 326 The groanes are lesse at hels black gate, Then Eccho there did then reuerberate. 1609 T. Morton Catholike Appeale v. xxiv. 650 False accusations (as S. Basil saith) do oftentimes reuerberate, and eccho vpon the Accusers themselues. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 79 That Sound eccho'd and reverberated from innumerable Cavities and Hollows among the Rocks. 1759 O. Goldsmith Enq. Present State Polite Learning v They wait till something new comes out from others;..and reject it, or make it reverberate through the rest of Europe. 1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (new ed.) 23 The shock—the shout—the groan of war—Reverberate along that vale. 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. v. 92 The disturbance of a single nerve-fibre..reverberates throughout the entire nervous system. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xvii. 236 The roar of the stream reverberating through the woods. 1918 A. G. Gardiner Leaves in Wind 212 I..seemed like some strange reminiscence of myself, like an echo that had gone reverberating down countless centuries. 1930 V. Sackville-West Edwardians i. 13 The clock..struck One, and the sound reverberated all round the roofs. 1958 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples IV. x. iii. 47 Cobden and Bright's thundering speeches against the landed classes reverberated through the nation. 1992 Matrix Fall 18/1 Not the shrieking of the saw through bone, reverberating in the concrete well of the hippo pool. c. transitive. To cause (a sound or noise) to resound or re-echo. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (transitive)] > reverberate or echo answera1425 redoublea1542 rebound1555 return1557 reply1565 report1589 re-echo1595 repercuss?a1597 render1598 reverberate1603 respeak1604 reverb1608 retort1609 reword1609 revoice1610 refract1621 to give back1889 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xii. 273 The hilles to heav'n reverberate their voyce. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 114 Voice is moved and reverberated from smooth places, as a ball against a Wall. 1685 Roxburghe Ballads (1885) V. 540 Passing..from Sphere to Sphere!.. Which, Hark! reverberates and multiplies the sound! 1743 M. Jones Let. 11 Oct. in Misc. in Prose & Verse 244 The slightest thing, you say in my Favour, strikes sensibly upon my Nature, and makes me long to reverberate the sound. 1774 J. Beattie Minstrel: 2nd Bk. viii. 5 Oft did the cliffs reverberate the sound. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad v. 204 Hellgate rocks reverberate the roar. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. 1033 A canopy or type over a pulpit, to reverberate the voice of the speaker. 1858 N. Hawthorne French & Ital. Note-bks. II. 247 The evening gun thundered from the fortress, and was reverberated from the heights. 1942 N. Cameron in A. Hodge et al. Work in Hand 40 We give him yes-men in a row, Reverberating that self-praise He wearied of a while ago. 1975 Sci. Amer. July 48/2 Signals become convolved when sounds are reverberated or resonated or, in the case of photographs, when images are blurred. 2000 A. Tomatis in D. Campbell Music (ed. 2) i. 24 The walls of the church itself are excited, reverberating the sound. 5. a. intransitive. Of heat or (less commonly) light: to be reflected, esp. repeatedly (from something). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (intransitive)] rebounda1398 glentc1400 reflect?a1439 reflamec1450 reverberate1598 1598 B. Yong tr. A. Pérez 2nd Pt. Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 171 Diuers colours, which reuerberated from the flowers. 1623 W. Traheron & E. Grimeston tr. P. Mexia Imperiall Hist. 304 The sunne-beames might reuerberate from those glasses. 1686 True Fortune-Teller (ed. 2) xli. 176 The Beams being shott direct, reverberate or are beaten back, making a round Circle or Halen. 1770 G. Baretti Journey London to Genoa II. 116 The rage of the sun that reverberated from the continued rocks. a1785 A. Parsons Trav. (1808) iv. 101 The heat of the sun, which reverberated again from the water. 1908 G. E. Hadow & W. H. Hadow Oxf. Treasury Eng. Lit. III. v. 136 A page of his history is like a sheet of metal: light reverberates from its polished lustre. 1979 J. J. Gibson Ecol. Approach Visual Perception ii. 29 Light reverberates between the sky and the earth and between surfaces. 1987 D. E. Fisher Birth of Earth xi. 86 Trapped under the thick carbon dioxide clouds, the heat reverberates and the planet simply gets hotter and hotter. 2007 M. E. Schlesinger Aluminum Recycling vii. 113 The heat reverberates (bounces) off the walls and impinges on the aluminum in the hearth. b. transitive. To reflect (light, heat, or other radiation), esp. repeatedly. Now chiefly technical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (transitive)] rebounda1450 reflexc1536 reflect1555 return1557 repercuss1604 retort1609 refract1621 reverberate1638 to throw back1698 flash1716 to give back1831 glint1844 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 135 Guilded crescents or spires which gallantly reverberate Apollo's yellow flames. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. vi. 101 Fleshy Pillars, wherewith the heat is both more easily preserved and reverberated. 1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 304 These [caps],..by reverberating the Heat, prevent the Spirit from evaporating. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 86 On which the Sun shining.., its Rays were reverberated as from another Sun. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 18 The far flashing of their starry lances Reverberates the dying light of day. 1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 126 The full glory of a tropical sunset, reverberated from the sea. 1947 U.S. Patent 2,431,962 4/2 The high frequencies will..be reverberated in chamber A and pass through the door to speaker 19. 1978 Nature 31 Aug. 876/2 The intensity of the radiation being reverberated in the cavity is sampled by measuring the power passing through a hole in the wall. 1998 T. J. Mason in M. J. W. Povey & T. J. Mason Ultrasound Food Processing vi. 113 The vibrational energy, before being absorbed by the liquid is reverberated by the opposite plate. †c. intransitive. To shine on (also upon) something, esp. with reflected beams or rays of light. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (intransitive)] > onto reverberate1645 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxi. 42 You seem'd to reverberat upon me with the Beams of the Sun. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 234 In regard the rayes of Christianity first reverberated upon her. c1650 Don Bellianis 223 The sun reverberating on them made the city seem of a burning flame. †6. transitive. To beat or strike (a thing) frequently or repeatedly. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] abeatOE beatc1000 dingc1300 dintc1300 bulka1400 batc1440 hampera1529 pommel1530 lump1546 pummel1548 bebatter1567 filch1567 peal-pelt1582 reverberate1599 vapulate1603 over-labour1632 polt1652 bepat1676 flog1801 quilt1822 meller1862 tund1885 massage1924 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 45/1 Reverberate the same dilligentlye with the Spatula [Ger. darnach schlag sie vast], and it will be the better. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1589v.c1487
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reverberateadj.

reverberatev.