Reynardn.

Brit.

/ˈreɪnɑːd/,

/ˈrɛnəd/, U.S.

/reɪˈnɑrd/,

/ˈreɪˌnɑrd/,

/ˈrɛˌnɑrd/,

/ˈreɪnərd/,

/ˈrɛnərd/

Forms:

α. Middle English Renarde, Middle English Reniarde, Middle English Reygnart, Middle English Reynart, Middle English–1500s Reynarde, Middle English–1700s Raynard, Middle English–1700s Renard, Middle English– Reynard, 1500s Raindardes (transmission error), 1500s Raynarde, 1500s 1700s Reinard, 1500s–1600s Rainard, 1600s Regnard, 1600s Reignard, 1700s–1800s Reiner (in sense 2), 1800s Raneird (in sense 2), 1800s Renar (in sense 2), 1900s– Rennard (English regional); also Scottish pre-1700 Regnart, pre-1700 Rennart; N.E.D. (1908) also records a form Middle English Reygnard.

β. Middle English Renaud, Middle English Renaude, 1500s Raynold, 1500s–1600s Reynold, 1600s Raynald, 1600s Reinold, 1600s Reynald, 1800s Reynolds.

Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French reynard.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reynard, Anglo-Norman and Middle French renard, renart, Middle French regnard, regnart (French renard ) fox (13th cent. in Old French), originally the proper name of the protagonist (a fox) in the Roman de Renard. The name is ultimately of Germanic origin, cognate with the modern German personal name Reinhart (Old High German Raginhart ). The β. forms reflect assimilation to the reflexes of a different Germanic personal name, reflected by the modern English personal names Reginald and Reynold and the surname Reynolds (in the modern form Reynolds punningly after the surname: compare quots. 1815, 1875, 1896 at sense 1β. ); compare the Old High German form Raginald , modern German Reinold . In sense 2 after French Renard (1681 in this sense), after Huron Skenchiohronon , literally ‘people of the red fox’ (1640); compare French Ouagoussac (1673), rendering Meskwaki *wa·kose·haki foxes, given as one of four Meskwaki clans (now wa·koše·haki : compare Meskwaki n.); compare slightly earlier fox n.In Caxton's influential work (see quot. 1481 at sense 1α. ) immediately rendering Middle Dutch Reynaerd-, Reynaert in his original. N.E.D. (1908) also gives the pronunciation (rēⁱ·năɹd) /ˈreɪnəd/.

1. A proper name applied traditionally (chiefly in literature) to: a fox; also occasionally as a common noun. More fully Reynard the Fox.Also formerly (esp. regional in β form) with Master or Mister prefixed.The fable tradition centred on Reynard the Fox is thought to have originated in Alsace-Lorraine and spread to France, the Low Countries, and Germany. The earliest literary treatments of Reynard are the mid-12th cent. Latin Ysengrimus of Nivardus of Ghent and the late 12th cent. Old French Roman de Renart. Caxton's translation of the Middle Dutch version made the stories widely known in England, although earlier familiarity with them is shown by the currency of the name. Cf. bruin n., Isegrim n., Tibert n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes vulpes (fox)

foxc825

toda1200

Reynardc1400

laurence?a1500

lowrie?a1500

tod lowrie?a1500

fleck1567

pug1812

puggy1827

Charley1857

red fox1875

alopecoid1880

redskin1905

α.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1728 (MED) Ofte he watz runnen at when he out rayked, & ofte reled in aȝayn, so Reniarde watz wyle.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 121 (MED) I do as Renard dide that made him ded in the wey for to be cast in to the carte and thanne haue of the heringe.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 6 Alle the beestis grete and smale cam to the courte sauf reynard the fox.

1494 Loutfut MS f. 21^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rennart For the rennart is suttell in takin of prais.

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 142 He beareth Or, a Saltier Sable, betwene fower Raynardes passaunte proper.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 22 Then Master Reignard ransacketh euery corner of his wily skonce.

1679 in J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush (new ed.) iii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher 50 Comedies & Trag. sig. Aa/1 Prick ye the fearefull hare through cross wayes, sheep-walks, And force the crafty Reynard [(ed. 1) Reimald] climb the quicksetts.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 241 Before the break of Day, Saint Reynard through the Hedge had made his way.

1708 O. Dykes Moral Reflexions Eng. Prov. 46 Let Reynard loose after five or six Years taming,..and I would not be a Goose in his Way, for the Kingdom.

1798 R. Bloomfield Spring in Farmer's Boy 158 Where prowling Reynard trod his nightly round.

1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 39 After the first Tally-ho, Reynard is rarely seen, till he is run in upon.

1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab ix. 168 A foxhunt after a reynard who started under our horses' feet.

1908 A. J. Dawson Finn x. 168 Reynard picked up the dead rabbit and..trotted leisurely down the run~way towards his own earth.

1922 Q. Rev. July 265 The Reynard of the poem is shown to be a splendid fellow, with such gameness and pluck that, under the illusion of this galloping verse, he wins sympathy and a right ending.

1991 M. Duffy Illuminations (1992) 2 Predatory Reynard has got his comeuppance sneaking down to drowsing henfolk. The snare was meant for rabbit or hare.

β. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1898 (MED) Renaud com richchande þurȝ a roȝe greue, & alle þe rabel in a res, ryȝt at his helez.1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 917 Such as hath a Reynold to his man, That by his shifts his Master furnish can.1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 7 Chanteclere the cocke was caried away by Reynold the Foxe.1667 in J. Playford Musick Comp. 67 Acteon shall eccho my Hounds and my Horn; Ne Reynold shall 'scape, though he run by the way.1815 Zeluca III. vii. 242 Did you not hear Mrs. Hall say, on looking up at the framed and glazed fox-chase, ‘Ah, Master Reynolds, are you there!’ I protest..I thought her apostrophe had been to the artist instead of the animal!1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 94 When I was first told that ‘Mus Reynolds come along last night’ he was spoken of so intimately that I supposed he must be some old friend.1896 E. Rhys Fiddler of Carne 5 Mister Reynolds just leapt cannily from the staithes.

2. In forms Renard, Reynard. A member of the Meskwaki people (see Meskwaki n.). Now historical.Previously also known as Fox (see fox n.) and Outagami (see Outagami n.).Meskwaki is now the preferred term.

ΚΠ

1760 T. Jefferys Nat. & Civil Hist. French Dominions N. & S. Amer. I. 48 A small river..discharges itself into the bottom of the bay, and is known by the name of..the River of Foxes, on account of the neighbourhood of the Outagamis, commonly called Renards, or Foxes.

1762 T. Hutchins Jrnl. 26 June in Michigan Hist. Mag. (1926) 10 369 I delivered the same Message to the Meynomeneys that I had done to the Sax and Reynard Nations.

1791 J. Long Voy. Indian Interpreter 150 As we landed, the Renards took our Indians by the hand, and invited them into their camp.

1811 Z. M. Pike Exploratory Trav. 123 The Reynards reside in three villages... The Sacs, Reynards, and Jowas..claim the land from the entrance of the Jauflione on the western side of the Mississippi, up the latter river to the Jowa,..and westward to the Missouri.

1875 C. R. Tuttle Illustr. Hist. State of Wisconsin iii. 71 We may, with good results, give a list of the different names by which the Indian tribes of Wisconsin have been known:—..Foxes = Reynard = Outagamies.

1911 E. H. Blair tr. N. Perrot Indian Tribes Upper Mississippi & Great Lakes I. xxiii. 245 I learned on the road, before arriving there, that a body of fifteen hundred men from the Bay—Renards, Maskouetechs, Kikapous—who were going to war against the Scioux, intended to pillage my stock of merchandise.

1997 W. J. Eccles in J. L. Allen North Amer. Explor. II. xi. 190 When he strove to make them end their wars with the Sakis, Puants, Sioux, and Renards, it was to no avail.

Derivatives

ˈreynardism n. now rare craftiness, slyness.

ΚΠ

1656 T. Blount Glossographia [after Cotgr.] Regnardism, fox-like subtilty, sliness, craftiness.

1658 tr. B. Pascal Les Provinciales (ed. 2) Additionals 40 An ingenious, but withal a diabolical piece of Reynardisme.

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Regnardism, the subtilty of..a fox.

1877 R. F. Burton Sind Revisited II. xvii. 6 His mind, masterly in Reynardism, knows what your dull dishonesty will be doing, probably before you know it yourself.

1947 S. Sassoon Coll. Poems (1984) 139 (title) Reynardism Revisited.

† reynardize v. Obsolete rare Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1656 T. Blount Glossographia [after Cotgr.] Regnardise, to play the Fox.

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Regnardise, to practise..the subtilty of..a fox.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	reynard
释义	Reynardn. Brit. /ˈreɪnɑːd/, /ˈrɛnəd/, U.S. /reɪˈnɑrd/, /ˈreɪˌnɑrd/, /ˈrɛˌnɑrd/, /ˈreɪnərd/, /ˈrɛnərd/ Forms: α. Middle English Renarde, Middle English Reniarde, Middle English Reygnart, Middle English Reynart, Middle English–1500s Reynarde, Middle English–1700s Raynard, Middle English–1700s Renard, Middle English– Reynard, 1500s Raindardes (transmission error), 1500s Raynarde, 1500s 1700s Reinard, 1500s–1600s Rainard, 1600s Regnard, 1600s Reignard, 1700s–1800s Reiner (in sense 2), 1800s Raneird (in sense 2), 1800s Renar (in sense 2), 1900s– Rennard (English regional); also Scottish pre-1700 Regnart, pre-1700 Rennart; N.E.D. (1908) also records a form Middle English Reygnard. β. Middle English Renaud, Middle English Renaude, 1500s Raynold, 1500s–1600s Reynold, 1600s Raynald, 1600s Reinold, 1600s Reynald, 1800s Reynolds. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French reynard. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reynard, Anglo-Norman and Middle French renard, renart, Middle French regnard, regnart (French renard ) fox (13th cent. in Old French), originally the proper name of the protagonist (a fox) in the Roman de Renard. The name is ultimately of Germanic origin, cognate with the modern German personal name Reinhart (Old High German Raginhart ). The β. forms reflect assimilation to the reflexes of a different Germanic personal name, reflected by the modern English personal names Reginald and Reynold and the surname Reynolds (in the modern form Reynolds punningly after the surname: compare quots. 1815, 1875, 1896 at sense 1β. ); compare the Old High German form Raginald , modern German Reinold . In sense 2 after French Renard (1681 in this sense), after Huron Skenchiohronon , literally ‘people of the red fox’ (1640); compare French Ouagoussac (1673), rendering Meskwaki wa·kose·haki foxes, given as one of four Meskwaki clans (now wa·koše·haki* : compare Meskwaki n.); compare slightly earlier fox n.In Caxton's influential work (see quot. 1481 at sense 1α. ) immediately rendering Middle Dutch Reynaerd-, Reynaert in his original. N.E.D. (1908) also gives the pronunciation (rēⁱ·năɹd) /ˈreɪnəd/. 1. A proper name applied traditionally (chiefly in literature) to: a fox; also occasionally as a common noun. More fully Reynard the Fox.Also formerly (esp. regional in β form) with Master or Mister prefixed.The fable tradition centred on Reynard the Fox is thought to have originated in Alsace-Lorraine and spread to France, the Low Countries, and Germany. The earliest literary treatments of Reynard are the mid-12th cent. Latin Ysengrimus of Nivardus of Ghent and the late 12th cent. Old French Roman de Renart. Caxton's translation of the Middle Dutch version made the stories widely known in England, although earlier familiarity with them is shown by the currency of the name. Cf. bruin n., Isegrim n., Tibert n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes vulpes (fox) foxc825 toda1200 Reynardc1400 laurence?a1500 lowrie?a1500 tod lowrie?a1500 fleck1567 pug1812 puggy1827 Charley1857 red fox1875 alopecoid1880 redskin1905 α. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1728 (MED) Ofte he watz runnen at when he out rayked, & ofte reled in aȝayn, so Reniarde watz wyle. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 121 (MED) I do as Renard dide that made him ded in the wey for to be cast in to the carte and thanne haue of the heringe. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 6 Alle the beestis grete and smale cam to the courte sauf reynard the fox. 1494 Loutfut MS f. 21^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rennart For the rennart is suttell in takin of prais. 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 142 He beareth Or, a Saltier Sable, betwene fower Raynardes passaunte proper. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 22 Then Master Reignard ransacketh euery corner of his wily skonce. 1679 in J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush (new ed.) iii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher 50 Comedies & Trag. sig. Aa/1 Prick ye the fearefull hare through cross wayes, sheep-walks, And force the crafty Reynard [(ed. 1) Reimald] climb the quicksetts. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 241 Before the break of Day, Saint Reynard through the Hedge had made his way. 1708 O. Dykes Moral Reflexions Eng. Prov. 46 Let Reynard loose after five or six Years taming,..and I would not be a Goose in his Way, for the Kingdom. 1798 R. Bloomfield Spring in Farmer's Boy 158 Where prowling Reynard trod his nightly round. 1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 39 After the first Tally-ho, Reynard is rarely seen, till he is run in upon. 1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab ix. 168 A foxhunt after a reynard who started under our horses' feet. 1908 A. J. Dawson Finn x. 168 Reynard picked up the dead rabbit and..trotted leisurely down the run~way towards his own earth. 1922 Q. Rev. July 265 The Reynard of the poem is shown to be a splendid fellow, with such gameness and pluck that, under the illusion of this galloping verse, he wins sympathy and a right ending. 1991 M. Duffy Illuminations (1992) 2 Predatory Reynard has got his comeuppance sneaking down to drowsing henfolk. The snare was meant for rabbit or hare. β. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1898 (MED) Renaud com richchande þurȝ a roȝe greue, & alle þe rabel in a res, ryȝt at his helez.1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 917 Such as hath a Reynold to his man, That by his shifts his Master furnish can.1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 7 Chanteclere the cocke was caried away by Reynold the Foxe.1667 in J. Playford Musick Comp. 67 Acteon shall eccho my Hounds and my Horn; Ne Reynold shall 'scape, though he run by the way.1815 Zeluca III. vii. 242 Did you not hear Mrs. Hall say, on looking up at the framed and glazed fox-chase, ‘Ah, Master Reynolds, are you there!’ I protest..I thought her apostrophe had been to the artist instead of the animal!1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 94 When I was first told that ‘Mus Reynolds come along last night’ he was spoken of so intimately that I supposed he must be some old friend.1896 E. Rhys Fiddler of Carne 5 Mister Reynolds just leapt cannily from the staithes. 2. In forms Renard, Reynard. A member of the Meskwaki people (see Meskwaki n.). Now historical.Previously also known as Fox (see fox n.) and Outagami (see Outagami n.).Meskwaki is now the preferred term. ΚΠ 1760 T. Jefferys Nat. & Civil Hist. French Dominions N. & S. Amer. I. 48 A small river..discharges itself into the bottom of the bay, and is known by the name of..the River of Foxes, on account of the neighbourhood of the Outagamis, commonly called Renards, or Foxes. 1762 T. Hutchins Jrnl. 26 June in Michigan Hist. Mag. (1926) 10 369 I delivered the same Message to the Meynomeneys that I had done to the Sax and Reynard Nations. 1791 J. Long Voy. Indian Interpreter 150 As we landed, the Renards took our Indians by the hand, and invited them into their camp. 1811 Z. M. Pike Exploratory Trav. 123 The Reynards reside in three villages... The Sacs, Reynards, and Jowas..claim the land from the entrance of the Jauflione on the western side of the Mississippi, up the latter river to the Jowa,..and westward to the Missouri. 1875 C. R. Tuttle Illustr. Hist. State of Wisconsin iii. 71 We may, with good results, give a list of the different names by which the Indian tribes of Wisconsin have been known:—..Foxes = Reynard = Outagamies. 1911 E. H. Blair tr. N. Perrot Indian Tribes Upper Mississippi & Great Lakes I. xxiii. 245 I learned on the road, before arriving there, that a body of fifteen hundred men from the Bay—Renards, Maskouetechs, Kikapous—who were going to war against the Scioux, intended to pillage my stock of merchandise. 1997 W. J. Eccles in J. L. Allen North Amer. Explor. II. xi. 190 When he strove to make them end their wars with the Sakis, Puants, Sioux, and Renards, it was to no avail. Derivatives ˈreynardism n. now rare craftiness, slyness. ΚΠ 1656 T. Blount Glossographia [after Cotgr.] Regnardism, fox-like subtilty, sliness, craftiness. 1658 tr. B. Pascal Les Provinciales (ed. 2) Additionals 40 An ingenious, but withal a diabolical piece of Reynardisme. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Regnardism, the subtilty of..a fox. 1877 R. F. Burton Sind Revisited II. xvii. 6 His mind, masterly in Reynardism, knows what your dull dishonesty will be doing, probably before you know it yourself. 1947 S. Sassoon Coll. Poems (1984) 139 (title) Reynardism Revisited. † reynardize v. Obsolete rare Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1656 T. Blount Glossographia [after Cotgr.] Regnardise, to play the Fox. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Regnardise, to practise..the subtilty of..a fox. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1400
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