retroductionn.

Brit.

/ˌrɛtrəˈdʌkʃn/, U.S.

/ˌrɛtrəˈdəkʃ(ə)n/

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin retrōduct- , retrōdūcere , -ion suffix¹; retro- prefix, duction n.

Etymology: Either < classical Latin retrōduct-, past participial stem of retrōdūcere retroduce v. + -ion suffix¹, or < retro- prefix + duction n. In sense 2 after introduction n. 4b. In sense 3 after deduction n. 6a and induction n. 7a, coined as an alternative to abduction n. 3 (see quot. a1914¹ at sense 3). Compare retroductive adj.Blount (compare quot. 1656 at sense 1) records a Latin form retroductio but this is apparently not attested in Latin authors (although it occurs in a work title in 1762).

†1. The action or an act of bringing or drawing someone or something back. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1648 Declar. County of Dorset 2 We demand a speedy retroduction of our imprisoned King, to sit personally in the house of Peers.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Retroduction, a bringing, leading or drawing back.

1799 Monthly Rev. Sept.–Dec. 404 Offering premiums for the general increase of wood is going retrograde, or contributing towards a retroduction of uncultivated nature.

1819 E. Pond Treat. Christian Baptism (ed. 2) ii. v. 123 ‘Believers' baptism’..will be banished; and its restoration will be as little desirable, as the retroduction of the world to a state of comparative darkness.

1863 Macmillan's Mag. May 31/1 Even if there were no doubt that the percentage of such crimes in England had long continued the same, still that fact would prove nothing as to the uniform retroduction of crime.

†2. An afterword or postscript in a book. Cf. introduction n. 4b. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > epilogue, envoy, or conclusion

parclosec1390

envoyc1398

conclusionc1405

l'envoy1430

subscriptionc1450

extraduction1533

epilogue1564

surclose1589

corollary1603

post-face1742

retroduction1786

explicit1849

snapper1857

1786 J. Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems I. p. xxxiii The poor man [sc. Walter Goodall] was writing a retroduction to Fordun, who gives us to know that there was a league between the Britons and Scots for a short time after the arrival of the Saxons, and for ever after!

3. Philosophy. = abduction n. 3b.

ΚΠ

a1914 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1931) I. 28 There are in science three fundamentally different kinds of reasoning, Deduction.., Induction..and Retroduction (Aristotle's ἀπαγωγή, but misunderstood because of corrupt text, and as misunderstood usually translated abduction).

a1914 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1931) I. 29 Retroduction is the provisional adoption of a hypothesis, because every possible consequence of it is capable of experimental verification, so that the persevering application of the same method may be expected to reveal its disagreement with facts.

1917 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 14 429 Retroduction is exceedingly important when considered in connection with..the method of working hypotheses. Observation: F (fact) is observed. Retroduction: H (hypothesis) explains F. Verification: H explains also F₁, F₂, F₃, etc. (other and different fair sample facts), which are sought out and observed. Induction: H is probably true.

1958 N. R. Hanson Patterns of Discov. 217 Retroductions do not always lead to syntheses like those of Newton, Clerk Maxwell, Einstein and Dirac. They sometimes show the first chink in the old armour.

1965 P. Caws Philos. of Sci. xxxii. 243 This is the essential ingredient in what Peirce called retroduction, the intuitive jump from observed facts to hypotheses about them.

2002 Isis 93 313/2 Applied to A la recherche, retroduction aptly describes the main structure of cognition in Proust: intuitions about a singulative event and hypotheses about that event's relationship to a broader law or theory are always co-present.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retroduction
释义	retroductionn. Brit. /ˌrɛtrəˈdʌkʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛtrəˈdəkʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin retrōduct- , retrōdūcere , -ion suffix¹; retro- prefix, duction n. Etymology: Either < classical Latin retrōduct-, past participial stem of retrōdūcere retroduce v. + -ion suffix¹, or < retro- prefix + duction n. In sense 2 after introduction n. 4b. In sense 3 after deduction n. 6a and induction n. 7a, coined as an alternative to abduction n. 3 (see quot. a1914¹ at sense 3). Compare retroductive adj.Blount (compare quot. 1656 at sense 1) records a Latin form retroductio but this is apparently not attested in Latin authors (although it occurs in a work title in 1762). †1. The action or an act of bringing or drawing someone or something back. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1648 Declar. County of Dorset 2 We demand a speedy retroduction of our imprisoned King, to sit personally in the house of Peers. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Retroduction, a bringing, leading or drawing back. 1799 Monthly Rev. Sept.–Dec. 404 Offering premiums for the general increase of wood is going retrograde, or contributing towards a retroduction of uncultivated nature. 1819 E. Pond Treat. Christian Baptism (ed. 2) ii. v. 123 ‘Believers' baptism’..will be banished; and its restoration will be as little desirable, as the retroduction of the world to a state of comparative darkness. 1863 Macmillan's Mag. May 31/1 Even if there were no doubt that the percentage of such crimes in England had long continued the same, still that fact would prove nothing as to the uniform retroduction of crime. †2. An afterword or postscript in a book. Cf. introduction n. 4b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > epilogue, envoy, or conclusion parclosec1390 envoyc1398 conclusionc1405 l'envoy1430 subscriptionc1450 extraduction1533 epilogue1564 surclose1589 corollary1603 post-face1742 retroduction1786 explicit1849 snapper1857 1786 J. Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems I. p. xxxiii The poor man [sc. Walter Goodall] was writing a retroduction to Fordun, who gives us to know that there was a league between the Britons and Scots for a short time after the arrival of the Saxons, and for ever after! 3. Philosophy. = abduction n. 3b. ΚΠ a1914 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1931) I. 28 There are in science three fundamentally different kinds of reasoning, Deduction.., Induction..and Retroduction (Aristotle's ἀπαγωγή, but misunderstood because of corrupt text, and as misunderstood usually translated abduction). a1914 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1931) I. 29 Retroduction is the provisional adoption of a hypothesis, because every possible consequence of it is capable of experimental verification, so that the persevering application of the same method may be expected to reveal its disagreement with facts. 1917 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 14 429 Retroduction is exceedingly important when considered in connection with..the method of working hypotheses. Observation: F (fact) is observed. Retroduction: H (hypothesis) explains F. Verification: H explains also F₁, F₂, F₃, etc. (other and different fair sample facts), which are sought out and observed. Induction: H is probably true. 1958 N. R. Hanson Patterns of Discov. 217 Retroductions do not always lead to syntheses like those of Newton, Clerk Maxwell, Einstein and Dirac. They sometimes show the first chink in the old armour. 1965 P. Caws Philos. of Sci. xxxii. 243 This is the essential ingredient in what Peirce called retroduction, the intuitive jump from observed facts to hypotheses about them. 2002 Isis 93 313/2 Applied to A la recherche, retroduction aptly describes the main structure of cognition in Proust: intuitions about a singulative event and hypotheses about that event's relationship to a broader law or theory are always co-present. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1648
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