retroflexionn.

Brit.

/ˌrɛtrə(ʊ)ˈflɛkʃn/, U.S.

/ˌrɛtrəˈflɛkʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1700s– retroflection, 1700s– retroflexion.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin retroflexion-, retroflexio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin retroflexion-, retroflexio condition or fact of being bent back (1641 in medical context), retroreflection (1701 in the passage translated in quot. 1708 at sense 1, or earlier) < retroflex- , past participial stem of retroflectere to reflect (see retroflex adj.) + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French rétroflexion (1743 or earlier in sense 2). Compare retroflected adj., retroflexed adj., retroflex adj.

1. Optics. = retroreflection n.

ΚΠ

1708 G. Vaux tr. J. C. Sturm Mathesis Juvenilis II. 416 From which copious Retroflexion [L. retroflexione] of the Rays, Bullialdus, and other Learned Men, have form'd a new Argument against the Solidity of the Orbs.

1884 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 12 129 This retroflection occur in a determinate manner, so that the lights proceeding from different parts of the object may arrive in contiguous directions.

1971 Plant Physiol. 47 662/2 The instrument easily detected the retroflection of red reflector tape.

1996 National Geographic Sept. 145/2 An example of retroflection, a term for light reflected directly back from its source.

2. Chiefly Medicine. The condition or fact of being retroflexed (retroflexed adj. 1); spec. the bending back of the fundus of the uterus on the cervix. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > folding back

replying1548

perplication1656

retroflexion1782

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > backwards

reflection?a1425

reversement1572

recurvation1598

recurvity1669

returning1676

recurvature1729

retroflexion1782

reflexure1840

recurving1845

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > reproductive organ disorders > [noun] > of female > disorders of womb

fallinga1400

retroversion1771

physometra1772

hysteritis1781

anteversion1790

metritis1807

anteflexion1833

uteritisa1836

antroversion1840

metroperitonitis1845

metrophlebitis1845

hydatidiform mole1859

retroflexion1860

parametritis1869

perimetritis1869

cervicitis1889

mesometritis1890

adenomyoma1913

breakthrough bleeding1950

1782 T. Denman Introd. Pract. Midwifery I. 115 Another complaint similar to that of which we have been speaking, and which has been called a retroflexion of the uterus, has occurred in practice.

1838 Lancet 29 Dec. 511/2 In Dr. Fleetwood Churchill's recent and very comprehensive work..the state called retroflexion is not alluded to.

1845 Encycl. Metrop. VI. 541/1 The stratified limestones of these localities are bent into such extraordinary retroflexions, as to imply repeated operations of the most violent Mechanical agency.

1860 T. H. Tanner On Signs & Dis. Pregnancy iii. 136 The patient was suffering from retroversion or retroflexion of the uterus.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 458 Having suffered from symptoms of retroflexion for about a year.

1906 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 20 16/1 If the retroflexion is corrected soon after its inception and the uterus replaced in its normal position, the hyperemia and hypertrophy at once disappear.

1915 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 51 259 In other species [of ant] the retroflexion is less pronounced.

1988 Jrnl. Sex Res. 24 315 Examination revealed slight retroflexion of the uterus, causing no subjective trouble.

1993 Surg. Neurol. 40 314 The radiological findings revealed retroflexion of the cerebrum anchored to the cranial vault between the precerebral space and the dorsal sac.

3. Phonetics. Articulation of a sound with the tongue curled up and back. Cf. retroflex adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual > by parts of tongue > articulation of

precession1843

inverted1879

fronting1886

retraction1890

retroflexion1932

dorsality1951

1932 D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) ii. 11 In many parts..the effect of the r appears as a modification known as ‘retroflexion’ or ‘inversion’ of the preceding vowel.

1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 98 All vowel sounds may be characterized by retroflexion... This retroflexion is one of the characteristics of what is loosely called in Britain ‘an American accent’.

1993 Eng. Today Apr. 14/2 In particular, retroflexion of consonants like /t/ and /d/ is not the salient characteristic it is in Indian English, and appears to be receding in SAIE [= South African Indian English].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retroflexion
释义	retroflexionn. Brit. /ˌrɛtrə(ʊ)ˈflɛkʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛtrəˈflɛkʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1700s– retroflection, 1700s– retroflexion. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin retroflexion-, retroflexio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin retroflexion-, retroflexio condition or fact of being bent back (1641 in medical context), retroreflection (1701 in the passage translated in quot. 1708 at sense 1, or earlier) < retroflex- , past participial stem of retroflectere to reflect (see retroflex adj.) + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French rétroflexion (1743 or earlier in sense 2). Compare retroflected adj., retroflexed adj., retroflex adj. 1. Optics. = retroreflection n. ΚΠ 1708 G. Vaux tr. J. C. Sturm Mathesis Juvenilis II. 416 From which copious Retroflexion [L. retroflexione] of the Rays, Bullialdus, and other Learned Men, have form'd a new Argument against the Solidity of the Orbs. 1884 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 12 129 This retroflection occur in a determinate manner, so that the lights proceeding from different parts of the object may arrive in contiguous directions. 1971 Plant Physiol. 47 662/2 The instrument easily detected the retroflection of red reflector tape. 1996 National Geographic Sept. 145/2 An example of retroflection, a term for light reflected directly back from its source. 2. Chiefly Medicine. The condition or fact of being retroflexed (retroflexed adj. 1); spec. the bending back of the fundus of the uterus on the cervix. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > folding back replying1548 perplication1656 retroflexion1782 the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > backwards reflection?a1425 reversement1572 recurvation1598 recurvity1669 returning1676 recurvature1729 retroflexion1782 reflexure1840 recurving1845 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > reproductive organ disorders > [noun] > of female > disorders of womb fallinga1400 retroversion1771 physometra1772 hysteritis1781 anteversion1790 metritis1807 anteflexion1833 uteritisa1836 antroversion1840 metroperitonitis1845 metrophlebitis1845 hydatidiform mole1859 retroflexion1860 parametritis1869 perimetritis1869 cervicitis1889 mesometritis1890 adenomyoma1913 breakthrough bleeding1950 1782 T. Denman Introd. Pract. Midwifery I. 115 Another complaint similar to that of which we have been speaking, and which has been called a retroflexion of the uterus, has occurred in practice. 1838 Lancet 29 Dec. 511/2 In Dr. Fleetwood Churchill's recent and very comprehensive work..the state called retroflexion is not alluded to. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. VI. 541/1 The stratified limestones of these localities are bent into such extraordinary retroflexions, as to imply repeated operations of the most violent Mechanical agency. 1860 T. H. Tanner On Signs & Dis. Pregnancy iii. 136 The patient was suffering from retroversion or retroflexion of the uterus. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 458 Having suffered from symptoms of retroflexion for about a year. 1906 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 20 16/1 If the retroflexion is corrected soon after its inception and the uterus replaced in its normal position, the hyperemia and hypertrophy at once disappear. 1915 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 51 259 In other species [of ant] the retroflexion is less pronounced. 1988 Jrnl. Sex Res. 24 315 Examination revealed slight retroflexion of the uterus, causing no subjective trouble. 1993 Surg. Neurol. 40 314 The radiological findings revealed retroflexion of the cerebrum anchored to the cranial vault between the precerebral space and the dorsal sac. 3. Phonetics. Articulation of a sound with the tongue curled up and back. Cf. retroflex adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual > by parts of tongue > articulation of precession1843 inverted1879 fronting1886 retraction1890 retroflexion1932 dorsality1951 1932 D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) ii. 11 In many parts..the effect of the r appears as a modification known as ‘retroflexion’ or ‘inversion’ of the preceding vowel. 1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 98 All vowel sounds may be characterized by retroflexion... This retroflexion is one of the characteristics of what is loosely called in Britain ‘an American accent’. 1993 Eng. Today Apr. 14/2 In particular, retroflexion of consonants like /t/ and /d/ is not the salient characteristic it is in Indian English, and appears to be receding in SAIE [= South African Indian English]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1708
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