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单词 retroflexion
释义

retroflexionn.

Brit. /ˌrɛtrə(ʊ)ˈflɛkʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛtrəˈflɛkʃ(ə)n/
Forms: 1700s– retroflection, 1700s– retroflexion.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin retroflexion-, retroflexio.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin retroflexion-, retroflexio condition or fact of being bent back (1641 in medical context), retroreflection (1701 in the passage translated in quot. 1708 at sense 1, or earlier) < retroflex- , past participial stem of retroflectere to reflect (see retroflex adj.) + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix1. Compare French rétroflexion (1743 or earlier in sense 2). Compare retroflected adj., retroflexed adj., retroflex adj.
1. Optics. = retroreflection n.
ΚΠ
1708 G. Vaux tr. J. C. Sturm Mathesis Juvenilis II. 416 From which copious Retroflexion [L. retroflexione] of the Rays, Bullialdus, and other Learned Men, have form'd a new Argument against the Solidity of the Orbs.
1884 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 12 129 This retroflection occur in a determinate manner, so that the lights proceeding from different parts of the object may arrive in contiguous directions.
1971 Plant Physiol. 47 662/2 The instrument easily detected the retroflection of red reflector tape.
1996 National Geographic Sept. 145/2 An example of retroflection, a term for light reflected directly back from its source.
2. Chiefly Medicine. The condition or fact of being retroflexed (retroflexed adj. 1); spec. the bending back of the fundus of the uterus on the cervix. Also: an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > folding back
replying1548
perplication1656
retroflexion1782
the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > backwards
reflection?a1425
reversement1572
recurvation1598
recurvity1669
returning1676
recurvature1729
retroflexion1782
reflexure1840
recurving1845
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > reproductive organ disorders > [noun] > of female > disorders of womb
fallinga1400
retroversion1771
physometra1772
hysteritis1781
anteversion1790
metritis1807
anteflexion1833
uteritisa1836
antroversion1840
metroperitonitis1845
metrophlebitis1845
hydatidiform mole1859
retroflexion1860
parametritis1869
perimetritis1869
cervicitis1889
mesometritis1890
adenomyoma1913
breakthrough bleeding1950
1782 T. Denman Introd. Pract. Midwifery I. 115 Another complaint similar to that of which we have been speaking, and which has been called a retroflexion of the uterus, has occurred in practice.
1838 Lancet 29 Dec. 511/2 In Dr. Fleetwood Churchill's recent and very comprehensive work..the state called retroflexion is not alluded to.
1845 Encycl. Metrop. VI. 541/1 The stratified limestones of these localities are bent into such extraordinary retroflexions, as to imply repeated operations of the most violent Mechanical agency.
1860 T. H. Tanner On Signs & Dis. Pregnancy iii. 136 The patient was suffering from retroversion or retroflexion of the uterus.
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 458 Having suffered from symptoms of retroflexion for about a year.
1906 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 20 16/1 If the retroflexion is corrected soon after its inception and the uterus replaced in its normal position, the hyperemia and hypertrophy at once disappear.
1915 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 51 259 In other species [of ant] the retroflexion is less pronounced.
1988 Jrnl. Sex Res. 24 315 Examination revealed slight retroflexion of the uterus, causing no subjective trouble.
1993 Surg. Neurol. 40 314 The radiological findings revealed retroflexion of the cerebrum anchored to the cranial vault between the precerebral space and the dorsal sac.
3. Phonetics. Articulation of a sound with the tongue curled up and back. Cf. retroflex adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual > by parts of tongue > articulation of
precession1843
inverted1879
fronting1886
retraction1890
retroflexion1932
dorsality1951
1932 D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) ii. 11 In many parts..the effect of the r appears as a modification known as ‘retroflexion’ or ‘inversion’ of the preceding vowel.
1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 98 All vowel sounds may be characterized by retroflexion... This retroflexion is one of the characteristics of what is loosely called in Britain ‘an American accent’.
1993 Eng. Today Apr. 14/2 In particular, retroflexion of consonants like /t/ and /d/ is not the salient characteristic it is in Indian English, and appears to be receding in SAIE [= South African Indian English].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1708
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