retainedadj.

Brit.

/rᵻˈteɪnd/, U.S.

/rəˈteɪnd/,

/riˈteɪnd/

Forms: see retain v. and -ed suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retain v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < retain v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare retent adj.¹

a. Medicine. Of a substance, tissue, or object: remaining within the body or an organ, rather than being expelled or excreted; (of a catheter or other device) indwelling; (of a surgical instrument, swab, etc.) unintentionally left within the body.

ΚΠ

1526 Grete Herball sig. f. vi^v For to clense the matryce of cours and gleumy humours, & to prouoke reteyned floures, make fomentacyon of wyne and salt water that hemlokes hath be soden in.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. xliii. 397 The bayes of Laurell powned with Wheat-bran, Iuniper-berries, and Garlicke, heated in a hot frying-panne, sprinkled with wine, and laid to the flankes, doe prouoke the retained vrine.

1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Treat. Dis. Stone ix, in Wks. 923 Because the bladder of children being impatient of the pain conceived from the retained urine, naturally contracts and presseth it self together.

1745 Med. Ess. & Observ. Pract. Physic & Surg. I. 281 He discharges all the retained Urine, without making Water again within the Space of 24 Hours or more.

1784 W. Perfect Cases in Midwifery (ed. 2) II. 255 Sometimes a retained placenta is at length brought forth.

1832 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 11 Index 549/2 Retained foetus and placenta.

1859 N.Y. Jrnl. Med. Mar. 218 The retained catheter was secured by a stout suture.

1893 I. B. Yeo Man. Med. Treatm. iv. v. 89 Avoid a further cause of dyspnoea from the upward pressure of the retained intestinal contents on the diaphragm.

1913 J. E. Adams & M. A. Cassidy Acute Abdominal Dis. v. 204 In the case of the caecum it is supposed to be due mainly to dilatation of some of its lateral pouches by retained faecal matter.

1969 Jrnl. Pediatrics 74 880/1 Calculations are made..for the net protein utilized (NPU), which is an index of retained nitrogen related to the intake for these infants.

1986 J. F. Gracey Meat Hygiene (ed. 8) i. 17/1 The retained testicle, somewhat smaller than normal, can usually be found lying close to one of the kidneys.

2008 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Dec. d2/4 Also new on the list is retained surgical devices—such as a sponge or clamp left in a patient.

b. That is or has been kept in or held in check; prevented from issuing; restrained; repressed.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [adjective] > restrained

bridled1567

retent1568

restrained1578

controlled1581

snubbed1583

retained1592

retentive1599

curbed1600

repressed1606

stifleda1643

suspense1667

light1740

reined-in1740

checked1793

reined-up1835

reticent1877

snaffled1877

directed1891

1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 32^v In the streight passage of the valie betwixt the extensed and highe mounting rockes, the ayre was dim by reason of the retained vapores.

1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise 63 What astonishment was it to those, who had before seen her in her retained course of life.

a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1694) II. 459 Persons that..have not that holy retained bridled way of using their repast.

1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 68/1 The gates are drawn up, and the retained sea-water rushes out.

1812 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude (ed. 2) III. lv. 180 It was but fair she should send another to release or expedite her retained powers.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. xxviii. 301 With her eyes over-full of retained tears.

1912 L. O. Howard et al. Mosquitoes N. & Central Amer. & W. Indies I. 181 Tin boxes and glass vials should be avoided, as the retained moisture causes the specimens to mould.

1999 Irish Times (Nexis) 21 June 8 Retained anger has been linked to an increased level of the stress hormone cortisol.

2. Of a person: engaged in service, employed. Also (of a lawyer): engaged by means of a preliminary fee (cf. retainer n.¹ 3b).

ΚΠ

1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory iii. xiii. sig. h^v As by example yf so be that I do bete thy seruaunte whiche is thyne apprentyse or reteyned seruaunt.

1682 A. Colquitt Mod. Rep. 79 There was an Action brought upon the Statute of Labourers, for retaining one that was the Plaintiffs retained Servant.

1741 R. Cox Charge delivered to Grand-jury 20 Many of you must have experienced the Difficulty there is to prevail even on your own retained Labourers to work.

1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) ii. 45 He is a retained attorney, and these airs of the bench are the emptiest affectation.

1907 Jrnl. Accountancy Dec. 92 The retained accountant should always be his client's best counsellor.

1922 Proc. 45th Ann. Meeting Alabama State Bar Assoc. 119 Most good business men..have their retained counsel to whom they resort from time to time for advice in their business affairs.

2006 C. Gravett Tudor Knight 7 The indenture was a contract cut along a wavy or ‘indented’ line to provide a portion for the retained man.

3. That is or has been kept on or allowed to remain; maintained; preserved; persisting; (also) kept hold of. Originally with modifying adverb, as long retained.In quot. 1615: generally maintained or held.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > [adjective] > retained

retained1568

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [adjective] > preserved in being or use

preserved1552

retained1875

1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 15 So that thy corps and shape be forme, with long retayned name.

1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. 176 The retained opinion..is vaine and friuolous.

1651 P. Armin tr. F. Glisson et al. Treat. Rickets xiv. 146 Dreams..proceed from a various and chanceable agitation and commixture of divers impressions treasured up in the memory, which are now again freshly perceived by reason of a retained Tensity in som parts of the Brain.

1741 Ld. Kames Decisions Court of Session 2 359 The seller [was] seeking annualrent for the retained money, because the buyer was also in possession of the lands.

1837 Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 263 In instances where the new plumage would have been of a diverse hue,..the retained feathers become tinged with the colouring secretions.

1861 M. Arnold Pop. Educ. France 204 Great eagerness was manifested to be nominated one of these retained scholars.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. iv. 55 The alteration of the retained elements of words.

1915 Southeastern Reporter 85 60/2 The retained income on the interest of WL Mauldin to lie paid over to him forthwith.

1956 A. D. Keller in R. D. Dripps Physiol. Induced Hypothermia 74 (caption) The variation in slope may be related to retained resistance to hypothermia.

1977 Cleethorpes News 6 May 32/6 There are unlikely to be any surprises in Grimsby Town's retained list, which is due out today.

2005 Cheshire Life Aug. 63/1 Individually built with many retained period features including beamed and strapped ceilings.

Compounds

retained object n. Grammar (now rare) a direct object whose role is unchanged when another unit is the subject of a passive verb.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > object > specific

dative object1831

cognate object or accusative1874

retained object1875

direct object1879

indirect object1879

recipient1899

person-object1928

1875 E. A. Abbott How to Parse i. v. 92 ‘King’ is not the Retained Object, but the Supplement of an incomplete Verb in :—‘They made him king’.

1941 N. Foerster & J. M. Steadman Writing & Thinking (rev. ed.) xvi. 153 A verb in the passive voice is transitive only if it has a retained object.

1998 I. P. Attarde Encycl. Graded Gram. xix. 617 Retained object e.g...Hirkani was given a reward by Shivaji.

retained profit n. a profit reinvested into a business or put to reserve (reserve n. 2c(b)), as opposed to being distributed to the owners or shareholders; usually in plural.

ΚΠ

1810 Abstr. Contract of Copartnery N.-Brit. Insurance Company 400 Stock,..retained profits, and accumulations, to be invested either in Government Funds,..or lent out on heritable securities.

1930 Accounting Rev. 5 47/1 Private enterprise builds up a real surplus of retained profits and it is this which is available for absorbing the excess of replacement cost.

2004 Daily Tel. 2 Feb. 32/1 The windfall..will come from the retained profits of MGR Capital, a book of 58,000 historic Rover finance deals.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retained
释义	retainedadj. Brit. /rᵻˈteɪnd/, U.S. /rəˈteɪnd/, /riˈteɪnd/ Forms: see retain v. and -ed suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retain v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < retain v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare retent adj.¹ 1. a. Medicine. Of a substance, tissue, or object: remaining within the body or an organ, rather than being expelled or excreted; (of a catheter or other device) indwelling; (of a surgical instrument, swab, etc.) unintentionally left within the body. ΚΠ 1526 Grete Herball sig. f. vi^v For to clense the matryce of cours and gleumy humours, & to prouoke reteyned floures, make fomentacyon of wyne and salt water that hemlokes hath be soden in. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. xliii. 397 The bayes of Laurell powned with Wheat-bran, Iuniper-berries, and Garlicke, heated in a hot frying-panne, sprinkled with wine, and laid to the flankes, doe prouoke the retained vrine. 1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Treat. Dis. Stone ix, in Wks. 923 Because the bladder of children being impatient of the pain conceived from the retained urine, naturally contracts and presseth it self together. 1745 Med. Ess. & Observ. Pract. Physic & Surg. I. 281 He discharges all the retained Urine, without making Water again within the Space of 24 Hours or more. 1784 W. Perfect Cases in Midwifery (ed. 2) II. 255 Sometimes a retained placenta is at length brought forth. 1832 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 11 Index 549/2 Retained foetus and placenta. 1859 N.Y. Jrnl. Med. Mar. 218 The retained catheter was secured by a stout suture. 1893 I. B. Yeo Man. Med. Treatm. iv. v. 89 Avoid a further cause of dyspnoea from the upward pressure of the retained intestinal contents on the diaphragm. 1913 J. E. Adams & M. A. Cassidy Acute Abdominal Dis. v. 204 In the case of the caecum it is supposed to be due mainly to dilatation of some of its lateral pouches by retained faecal matter. 1969 Jrnl. Pediatrics 74 880/1 Calculations are made..for the net protein utilized (NPU), which is an index of retained nitrogen related to the intake for these infants. 1986 J. F. Gracey Meat Hygiene (ed. 8) i. 17/1 The retained testicle, somewhat smaller than normal, can usually be found lying close to one of the kidneys. 2008 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Dec. d2/4 Also new on the list is retained surgical devices—such as a sponge or clamp left in a patient. b. That is or has been kept in or held in check; prevented from issuing; restrained; repressed. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [adjective] > restrained bridled1567 retent1568 restrained1578 controlled1581 snubbed1583 retained1592 retentive1599 curbed1600 repressed1606 stifleda1643 suspense1667 light1740 reined-in1740 checked1793 reined-up1835 reticent1877 snaffled1877 directed1891 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 32^v In the streight passage of the valie betwixt the extensed and highe mounting rockes, the ayre was dim by reason of the retained vapores. 1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise 63 What astonishment was it to those, who had before seen her in her retained course of life. a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1694) II. 459 Persons that..have not that holy retained bridled way of using their repast. 1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 68/1 The gates are drawn up, and the retained sea-water rushes out. 1812 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude (ed. 2) III. lv. 180 It was but fair she should send another to release or expedite her retained powers. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. xxviii. 301 With her eyes over-full of retained tears. 1912 L. O. Howard et al. Mosquitoes N. & Central Amer. & W. Indies I. 181 Tin boxes and glass vials should be avoided, as the retained moisture causes the specimens to mould. 1999 Irish Times (Nexis) 21 June 8 Retained anger has been linked to an increased level of the stress hormone cortisol. 2. Of a person: engaged in service, employed. Also (of a lawyer): engaged by means of a preliminary fee (cf. retainer n.¹ 3b). ΚΠ 1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory iii. xiii. sig. h^v As by example yf so be that I do bete thy seruaunte whiche is thyne apprentyse or reteyned seruaunt. 1682 A. Colquitt Mod. Rep. 79 There was an Action brought upon the Statute of Labourers, for retaining one that was the Plaintiffs retained Servant. 1741 R. Cox Charge delivered to Grand-jury 20 Many of you must have experienced the Difficulty there is to prevail even on your own retained Labourers to work. 1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) ii. 45 He is a retained attorney, and these airs of the bench are the emptiest affectation. 1907 Jrnl. Accountancy Dec. 92 The retained accountant should always be his client's best counsellor. 1922 Proc. 45th Ann. Meeting Alabama State Bar Assoc. 119 Most good business men..have their retained counsel to whom they resort from time to time for advice in their business affairs. 2006 C. Gravett Tudor Knight 7 The indenture was a contract cut along a wavy or ‘indented’ line to provide a portion for the retained man. 3. That is or has been kept on or allowed to remain; maintained; preserved; persisting; (also) kept hold of. Originally with modifying adverb, as long retained.In quot. 1615: generally maintained or held. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > [adjective] > retained retained1568 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [adjective] > preserved in being or use preserved1552 retained1875 1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 15 So that thy corps and shape be forme, with long retayned name. 1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. 176 The retained opinion..is vaine and friuolous. 1651 P. Armin tr. F. Glisson et al. Treat. Rickets xiv. 146 Dreams..proceed from a various and chanceable agitation and commixture of divers impressions treasured up in the memory, which are now again freshly perceived by reason of a retained Tensity in som parts of the Brain. 1741 Ld. Kames Decisions Court of Session 2 359 The seller [was] seeking annualrent for the retained money, because the buyer was also in possession of the lands. 1837 Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 263 In instances where the new plumage would have been of a diverse hue,..the retained feathers become tinged with the colouring secretions. 1861 M. Arnold Pop. Educ. France 204 Great eagerness was manifested to be nominated one of these retained scholars. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. iv. 55 The alteration of the retained elements of words. 1915 Southeastern Reporter 85 60/2 The retained income on the interest of WL Mauldin to lie paid over to him forthwith. 1956 A. D. Keller in R. D. Dripps Physiol. Induced Hypothermia 74 (caption) The variation in slope may be related to retained resistance to hypothermia. 1977 Cleethorpes News 6 May 32/6 There are unlikely to be any surprises in Grimsby Town's retained list, which is due out today. 2005 Cheshire Life Aug. 63/1 Individually built with many retained period features including beamed and strapped ceilings. Compounds retained object n. Grammar (now rare) a direct object whose role is unchanged when another unit is the subject of a passive verb. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > object > specific dative object1831 cognate object or accusative1874 retained object1875 direct object1879 indirect object1879 recipient1899 person-object1928 1875 E. A. Abbott How to Parse i. v. 92 ‘King’ is not the Retained Object, but the Supplement of an incomplete Verb in :—‘They made him king’. 1941 N. Foerster & J. M. Steadman Writing & Thinking (rev. ed.) xvi. 153 A verb in the passive voice is transitive only if it has a retained object. 1998 I. P. Attarde Encycl. Graded Gram. xix. 617 Retained object e.g...Hirkani was given a reward by Shivaji. retained profit n. a profit reinvested into a business or put to reserve (reserve n. 2c(b)), as opposed to being distributed to the owners or shareholders; usually in plural. ΚΠ 1810 Abstr. Contract of Copartnery N.-Brit. Insurance Company 400 Stock,..retained profits, and accumulations, to be invested either in Government Funds,..or lent out on heritable securities. 1930 Accounting Rev. 5 47/1 Private enterprise builds up a real surplus of retained profits and it is this which is available for absorbing the excess of replacement cost. 2004 Daily Tel. 2 Feb. 32/1 The windfall..will come from the retained profits of MGR Capital, a book of 58,000 historic Rover finance deals. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1526
随便看	cloqué clorded clos vougeot closable close close a bargain close a gap close about close about, on, round, upon close an account close an eye close as wax close battle close borough close bracket close but no cigar close by a wind close call close combat close communion close communionist close criticism close crown close cut close distance