retainingn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈteɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/rəˈteɪnɪŋ/,

/riˈteɪnɪŋ/

Forms: see retain v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retain v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < retain v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare retention n., retainment n., retain n.

The action of retain v. (in various senses); retention; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > [noun]

holding?c1225

keepingc1400

retainment1449

retainer1453

retain1455

retainingc1460

retainder1467

retinue1489

retentivea1500

retention1540

reservation1607

retainal1754

reserval1829

c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 191 (MED) I..relesid..to þe chanons..j acre..with all his pertinences, in the towne And withoute the towne, withoute oony reteynynge to me or to myne heyres.

1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §54. m. 8 Till by reteynyng of the same rent..he or they..be contented.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 257 (MED) Iohn fitȝ Raaf yaf..to William of seynt Eweyn all the londe and tenauntry..without ony reteynyng or with-holding-agayn to hym or to his heires.

c1500 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 97 He neyther can ne may defende them..bycause of the saide reteynyng in warde.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 31^v Here his witte shalbe new set on worke:..his memorie, for sure reteyning, better exercised.

1606 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1605/6/24 Anent the reteyning of the lordis of articlis..during the haill following sessiounes.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 37 Follow not the Italian examples of being captious and retaining of spleene.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 104/2 A kind of vessel ready prepared for the retaining of water.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Suspension, a theoretical expression applied to the retaining in any chord some note or notes of the preceding chord.

1831 Biblical Repository Apr. 340 In the other two passages, the retaining of the original words seems to have been rather accidental than designed.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 July 2/2 The erroneous impression that the retaining of a barrister consists mainly in the retention of the fee by the barrister retained.

1932 Times 21 Mar. 16/3 Every step must be taken..to get the average person to take an interest in the retaining of rural beauty.

1958 Educ. Theatre Jrnl. 10 95/2 The payment of production costs,..and the retaining of net profits, if any, are obligations of the press.

2003 Backwoods Home Mag. Nov.–Dec. 80/1 An overhead cover [for a tipi] used as an adjunct to the liner to help in the retaining of heat in the winter.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

retainingadj.

Brit.

/rᵻˈteɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/rəˈteɪnɪŋ/,

/riˈteɪnɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retain v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < retain v. + -ing suffix².

1. Serving to retain or hold by physical force or resistance. retaining wall n. a wall built to confine and support a mass of earth, water, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > containing or having within > [adjective]

continentive1530

containing?1541

retaining1611

holding1891

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a retaining wall

headwall1659

retaining wall1771

wing-wall1791

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > wall > types of

mud walla1395

ground-wall1712

retaining wall1771

cob wall1790

wing-wall1791

honeycomb wall1850

toe wall1934

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues La Retentive, the retaining force of nature whereby food is held in the stomacke.

1771 T. James Hist. Herculean Straits II. ix. 384 Towards the Mediterranean is a solid retaining wall against the surge.

1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 285 Forming a sort of circular Retaining-bank.

1858 Mechanics' Mag. 4 Sept. 218 The outer end of each bolt extends beyond its retaining nut.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 753/2 Retaining Ring (Railway), a metallic ring which secures the wheel-center to the tire.

1904 E. Wharton Ital. Villas i 42 Behind the villa..is a long grass alley or bowling-green, flanked for part of its length by a lofty retaining-wall set with statues.

1945 C. E. Balleisen Princ. Firearms viii. 82 This is made by taking a flat strip of metal and forming rows of small, curved retaining fingers, whose function is to secure the cartridges.

1985 D. Holloway Which? Bk. Plumbing & Central Heating x. 123/2 (caption) With the retaining nut in place, use the steel drift to shape the ends of the pipe.

2002 P. Miles Robot Sumo vi. 115 Match-drill a set of four holes into the tube so that you can use the same retaining clip that was used to hold the original screwdriver together.

2. Designating money paid to retain a person's (frequently a lawyer's) services; esp. in retaining fee. Cf. retainer n.¹ 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee

bait1578

retaining fee1659

refreshing fee1697

retainer1770

refresher1796

refresher fee1818

1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerperium 175 This is the Time, for my Retaining Fee.

1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer ii. i. 23 While I plead for you, your Aunt has given me a retaining Fee.

1705 S. Centlivre Gamester i. i. 2 I find Dorante, my Masters Uncle, has given you a retaining Fee.

1732 A. Pope True Narr. what passed in London in J. Swift et al. Misc.: 3rd Vol. 273 Imagining a Pension was only an annual retaining Bribe.

1802 E. Parsons Myst. Visit I. 27 A note of twenty pounds, received as a retaining fee.

1842 R. Meeson & W. L. Welsby Rep. Cases Court of Exchequer VIII. 150 Half-pay..was a retaining payment for future services.

1908 Parl. Deb. Commonw. Austral. 37 1757/1 A veterinary surgeon..may be paid a retaining fee, so that he may be called in at any time to make an inspection.

1939 D. Thomas Let. July (1987) 390 I'm hoping for retaining money from Dent's.

2008 Church Times 15 Feb. 22/3 The committee setting registrars' retaining fees needed ‘a good deal of legal experience’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retaining
释义	retainingn. Brit. /rᵻˈteɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /rəˈteɪnɪŋ/, /riˈteɪnɪŋ/ Forms: see retain v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retain v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < retain v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare retention n., retainment n., retain n. The action of retain v. (in various senses); retention; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > [noun] holding?c1225 keepingc1400 retainment1449 retainer1453 retain1455 retainingc1460 retainder1467 retinue1489 retentivea1500 retention1540 reservation1607 retainal1754 reserval1829 c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 191 (MED) I..relesid..to þe chanons..j acre..with all his pertinences, in the towne And withoute the towne, withoute oony reteynynge to me or to myne heyres. 1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §54. m. 8 Till by reteynyng of the same rent..he or they..be contented. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 257 (MED) Iohn fitȝ Raaf yaf..to William of seynt Eweyn all the londe and tenauntry..without ony reteynyng or with-holding-agayn to hym or to his heires. c1500 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 97 He neyther can ne may defende them..bycause of the saide reteynyng in warde. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 31^v Here his witte shalbe new set on worke:..his memorie, for sure reteyning, better exercised. 1606 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1605/6/24 Anent the reteyning of the lordis of articlis..during the haill following sessiounes. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 37 Follow not the Italian examples of being captious and retaining of spleene. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 104/2 A kind of vessel ready prepared for the retaining of water. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Suspension, a theoretical expression applied to the retaining in any chord some note or notes of the preceding chord. 1831 Biblical Repository Apr. 340 In the other two passages, the retaining of the original words seems to have been rather accidental than designed. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 July 2/2 The erroneous impression that the retaining of a barrister consists mainly in the retention of the fee by the barrister retained. 1932 Times 21 Mar. 16/3 Every step must be taken..to get the average person to take an interest in the retaining of rural beauty. 1958 Educ. Theatre Jrnl. 10 95/2 The payment of production costs,..and the retaining of net profits, if any, are obligations of the press. 2003 Backwoods Home Mag. Nov.–Dec. 80/1 An overhead cover [for a tipi] used as an adjunct to the liner to help in the retaining of heat in the winter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). retainingadj. Brit. /rᵻˈteɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /rəˈteɪnɪŋ/, /riˈteɪnɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retain v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < retain v. + -ing suffix². 1. Serving to retain or hold by physical force or resistance. retaining wall n. a wall built to confine and support a mass of earth, water, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > containing or having within > [adjective] continentive1530 containing?1541 retaining1611 holding1891 the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a retaining wall headwall1659 retaining wall1771 wing-wall1791 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > wall > types of mud walla1395 ground-wall1712 retaining wall1771 cob wall1790 wing-wall1791 honeycomb wall1850 toe wall1934 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues La Retentive, the retaining force of nature whereby food is held in the stomacke. 1771 T. James Hist. Herculean Straits II. ix. 384 Towards the Mediterranean is a solid retaining wall against the surge. 1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 285 Forming a sort of circular Retaining-bank. 1858 Mechanics' Mag. 4 Sept. 218 The outer end of each bolt extends beyond its retaining nut. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 753/2 Retaining Ring (Railway), a metallic ring which secures the wheel-center to the tire. 1904 E. Wharton Ital. Villas i 42 Behind the villa..is a long grass alley or bowling-green, flanked for part of its length by a lofty retaining-wall set with statues. 1945 C. E. Balleisen Princ. Firearms viii. 82 This is made by taking a flat strip of metal and forming rows of small, curved retaining fingers, whose function is to secure the cartridges. 1985 D. Holloway Which? Bk. Plumbing & Central Heating x. 123/2 (caption) With the retaining nut in place, use the steel drift to shape the ends of the pipe. 2002 P. Miles Robot Sumo vi. 115 Match-drill a set of four holes into the tube so that you can use the same retaining clip that was used to hold the original screwdriver together. 2. Designating money paid to retain a person's (frequently a lawyer's) services; esp. in retaining fee. Cf. retainer n.¹ 3. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee bait1578 retaining fee1659 refreshing fee1697 retainer1770 refresher1796 refresher fee1818 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerperium 175 This is the Time, for my Retaining Fee. 1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer ii. i. 23 While I plead for you, your Aunt has given me a retaining Fee. 1705 S. Centlivre Gamester i. i. 2 I find Dorante, my Masters Uncle, has given you a retaining Fee. 1732 A. Pope True Narr. what passed in London in J. Swift et al. Misc.: 3rd Vol. 273 Imagining a Pension was only an annual retaining Bribe. 1802 E. Parsons Myst. Visit I. 27 A note of twenty pounds, received as a retaining fee. 1842 R. Meeson & W. L. Welsby Rep. Cases Court of Exchequer VIII. 150 Half-pay..was a retaining payment for future services. 1908 Parl. Deb. Commonw. Austral. 37 1757/1 A veterinary surgeon..may be paid a retaining fee, so that he may be called in at any time to make an inspection. 1939 D. Thomas Let. July (1987) 390 I'm hoping for retaining money from Dent's. 2008 Church Times 15 Feb. 22/3 The committee setting registrars' retaining fees needed ‘a good deal of legal experience’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1460adj.1611
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