retardancen.

Brit.

/rᵻˈtɑːd(ə)ns/, U.S.

/rəˈtɑrd(ə)ns/,

/riˈtɑrd(ə)ns/

Forms: 1500s retardaunce, 1500s–1600s 1800s– retardance.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retard v., -ance suffix.

Etymology: < retard v. + -ance suffix. Compare Middle French retardance delay (1358; apparently not found later than the early 15th cent.). Compare earlier retardation n.

†1. The fact or quality of being slow to act; slackness, slowness; hesitancy. Cf. retardation n. 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [noun]

slacknessc1000

hoolinessa1340

latesomeness1357

slothc1380

lateshipc1390

slownessa1398

lateliness?c1400

sluggednessc1425

slugginessc1450

sluggishnessc1450

tardityc1450

lenta1500

ignavy1543

retardance1550

lingering1570

tardiness1608

lentitude1623

languidness1634

tediousness1691

lentora1763

slow-coaching1837

snailishness1905

1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War vii. viii. f. clxxiv ^v Gylippus, by meane of his retardance & slackenes had had time for to bring to Sarragosse, the succours of Peloponese bifore his aryual.

1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. F4 Suche retardance, som fooles and withoute practyse, thinckethe it to proceade of honestey.

1616 T. Gainsford Hist. Trebizond iv. 344 Trezoboro perceiuing..that his retardance gaue libertie for a Russian Armie to helpe his father, he dispatched a messenger to Anzitemus.

2. The action of slowing down or delaying a person or thing, esp. with regard to progress or development; the fact or condition of being delayed or slowed down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]

longingeOE

bideOE

abodec1225

bodea1300

demura1300

dwella1300

litinga1300

delayc1300

delayingc1300

demurrancec1300

but honec1325

without ensoignec1325

abidec1330

dretchingc1330

dwellingc1330

essoinc1330

tarrying1340

litea1350

delaymenta1393

respitea1393

oversettinga1398

delayancea1400

delitea1400

lingeringa1400

stounding?a1400

sunyiea1400

targea1400

train?a1400

deferring14..

dilation14..

dayc1405

prolongingc1425

spacec1430

adjourningc1436

retardationc1437

prolongation?a1439

training1440

adjournment1445

sleuthingc1450

tarry1451

tarriance1460

prorogation1476

oversetc1485

tarriage1488

debaid1489

supersedement1492

superseding1494

off-putting1496

postponing1496

tract1503

dilating1509

sparinga1513

hafting1519

sufferance1523

tracking1524

sticking1525

stay1530

pause1532

protraction1535

tracting1535

protract of time1536

protracting1540

postposition1546

staying1546

procrastination1548

difference1559

surceasing1560

tardation1568

detract1570

detracting1572

tarryment1575

rejourning1578

detraction1579

longness1579

rejournment1579

holding1581

reprieving1583

cunctation1585

retarding1585

retardance1586

temporizing1587

by and by1591

suspensea1592

procrastinatinga1594

tardance1595

linger1597

forslacking1600

morrowing1602

recess1603

deferment1612

attendance1614

put-off1623

adjournal1627

fristing1637

hanging-up1638

retardment1640

dilatoriness1642

suspension1645

stickagea1647

tardidation1647

transtemporation1651

demurragea1656

prolatation1656

prolation1656

moration1658

perendination1658

offput1730

retardure1751

postponement1757

retard1781

traverse1799

tarrowing1832

mañana1845

temporization1888

procrastinativeness1893

deferral1895

traa dy liooar1897

stalling1927

heel-tapping1949

off-put1970

1586 Queen Elizabeth I in J. Bruce Lett. Queen Elizabeth & James VI (1849) 38 I hope that my many waighty affayres..may make my lawful excuse for the retardance of the answer.

1595 L. Lewkenor Disc. Vsage Eng. Fugitives sig. G4^v [Detriments] he receiued by occasion of this mutinie, as the losse of Breda, the retardaunce of the Frenche succours, [etc.].

1618 T. Gainsford True Hist. P. Warbeck 59 As he was preparing his iourney, newes came of Perkins landing in England, which a while diuerted him, and enforced his retardance from his first determination.

1659 W. Montagu Shepheard's Paradise v. 159 My fathers consent shall go along with it, which we may safely expect for the perfection not retardance of our joys.

1877 J. D. Craig Miejour iii. 20 A delay of a couple of minutes has before this saved me, by this apparently accidental retardance on my train's part, from being the victim of a dread catastrophe.

1946 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Mar. a18/1 Widespread unemployment among building trades craftsmen was threatened as retardance of construction approaches the critical stage.

1998 L. A. Boorman et al. in K. S. Black et al. Sedimentary Processes in Intertidal Zone 389/2 At low flow velocities the retardance of the water flow by vegetation is proportional to the height of the vegetation.

3. Something which delays or hinders development, progress, etc.; an impediment, an obstacle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

1645 R. Baillie Dissuasive from Errours of Time i. 12 Incontinent the Generation of the Separatists did start up, and put such retardances in the way of that gracious Reformation.

1884 R. F. Burton tr. L. de Camões Lyricks i. clviii. 130 Whate'er retardance may Return delay, One sad companion ne'er fro' me shall part, The yearning grief for Weal that bides with you.

1919 Amer. Architect 27 Aug. 281/1 The only retardance to construction on a big scale comes from the lack of stabilization of labor wages scales.

2004 FD (Fair Disclosure) Wire (Nexis) 29 July We don't see Sarbanes-Oxley as a big retardance in the market today, to be honest with you.

4. The action of impeding or hindering a process or the course of something; (also) the capability of doing this, retardancy. Frequently as the second element in objective compounds, as fire retardance, flame retardance, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > hindering or retarding > capacity to retard fire, etc.

retardance1891

retardency1939

retardancy1947

1891 Electr. Engineer 28 Aug. 211/2 The retardance due to electromagnetic inertia increases directly with the amount of electromagnetic inertia present.

1922 U.S. Patent 1,434,268 2/2 A transparent metallic film on said screen having the property of retardance by reflection of invisible radiations.

1948 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Mar. 400/1 Primary emphasis in fire retardance has been directed to coatings or impregnants which will protect a combustible substrate.

1967 Casa Grande (Arizona) Disp. 11 Dec. 4/5 Well-intentioned pressures [on a child to excel] often backfire into reverse outcomes of social, emotional and educational retardance.

1999 R. J. Campana Arboriculture xvi. 284 The arborists' interests were centered on growth retardance rather than stimulation.

2000 R. B. Hoadley Understanding Wood (rev. ed.) 209 In the case of penetrating finishes, multiple coats are especially crucial to developing moisture retardance.

2006 Boston Globe (Nexis) 12 Aug. h3 Technological advances in materials have led to mitts and gloves that promise improved heat resistance, flame retardance, and cleanability.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retardance
释义	retardancen. Brit. /rᵻˈtɑːd(ə)ns/, U.S. /rəˈtɑrd(ə)ns/, /riˈtɑrd(ə)ns/ Forms: 1500s retardaunce, 1500s–1600s 1800s– retardance. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retard v., -ance suffix. Etymology: < retard v. + -ance suffix. Compare Middle French retardance delay (1358; apparently not found later than the early 15th cent.). Compare earlier retardation n. †1. The fact or quality of being slow to act; slackness, slowness; hesitancy. Cf. retardation n. 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [noun] slacknessc1000 hoolinessa1340 latesomeness1357 slothc1380 lateshipc1390 slownessa1398 lateliness?c1400 sluggednessc1425 slugginessc1450 sluggishnessc1450 tardityc1450 lenta1500 ignavy1543 retardance1550 lingering1570 tardiness1608 lentitude1623 languidness1634 tediousness1691 lentora1763 slow-coaching1837 snailishness1905 1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War vii. viii. f. clxxiv ^v Gylippus, by meane of his retardance & slackenes had had time for to bring to Sarragosse, the succours of Peloponese bifore his aryual. 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. F4 Suche retardance, som fooles and withoute practyse, thinckethe it to proceade of honestey. 1616 T. Gainsford Hist. Trebizond iv. 344 Trezoboro perceiuing..that his retardance gaue libertie for a Russian Armie to helpe his father, he dispatched a messenger to Anzitemus. 2. The action of slowing down or delaying a person or thing, esp. with regard to progress or development; the fact or condition of being delayed or slowed down. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun] longingeOE bideOE abodec1225 bodea1300 demura1300 dwella1300 litinga1300 delayc1300 delayingc1300 demurrancec1300 but honec1325 without ensoignec1325 abidec1330 dretchingc1330 dwellingc1330 essoinc1330 tarrying1340 litea1350 delaymenta1393 respitea1393 oversettinga1398 delayancea1400 delitea1400 lingeringa1400 stounding?a1400 sunyiea1400 targea1400 train?a1400 deferring14.. dilation14.. dayc1405 prolongingc1425 spacec1430 adjourningc1436 retardationc1437 prolongation?a1439 training1440 adjournment1445 sleuthingc1450 tarry1451 tarriance1460 prorogation1476 oversetc1485 tarriage1488 debaid1489 supersedement1492 superseding1494 off-putting1496 postponing1496 tract1503 dilating1509 sparinga1513 hafting1519 sufferance1523 tracking1524 sticking1525 stay1530 pause1532 protraction1535 tracting1535 protract of time1536 protracting1540 postposition1546 staying1546 procrastination1548 difference1559 surceasing1560 tardation1568 detract1570 detracting1572 tarryment1575 rejourning1578 detraction1579 longness1579 rejournment1579 holding1581 reprieving1583 cunctation1585 retarding1585 retardance1586 temporizing1587 by and by1591 suspensea1592 procrastinatinga1594 tardance1595 linger1597 forslacking1600 morrowing1602 recess1603 deferment1612 attendance1614 put-off1623 adjournal1627 fristing1637 hanging-up1638 retardment1640 dilatoriness1642 suspension1645 stickagea1647 tardidation1647 transtemporation1651 demurragea1656 prolatation1656 prolation1656 moration1658 perendination1658 offput1730 retardure1751 postponement1757 retard1781 traverse1799 tarrowing1832 mañana1845 temporization1888 procrastinativeness1893 deferral1895 traa dy liooar1897 stalling1927 heel-tapping1949 off-put1970 1586 Queen Elizabeth I in J. Bruce Lett. Queen Elizabeth & James VI (1849) 38 I hope that my many waighty affayres..may make my lawful excuse for the retardance of the answer. 1595 L. Lewkenor Disc. Vsage Eng. Fugitives sig. G4^v [Detriments] he receiued by occasion of this mutinie, as the losse of Breda, the retardaunce of the Frenche succours, [etc.]. 1618 T. Gainsford True Hist. P. Warbeck 59 As he was preparing his iourney, newes came of Perkins landing in England, which a while diuerted him, and enforced his retardance from his first determination. 1659 W. Montagu Shepheard's Paradise v. 159 My fathers consent shall go along with it, which we may safely expect for the perfection not retardance of our joys. 1877 J. D. Craig Miejour iii. 20 A delay of a couple of minutes has before this saved me, by this apparently accidental retardance on my train's part, from being the victim of a dread catastrophe. 1946 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Mar. a18/1 Widespread unemployment among building trades craftsmen was threatened as retardance of construction approaches the critical stage. 1998 L. A. Boorman et al. in K. S. Black et al. Sedimentary Processes in Intertidal Zone 389/2 At low flow velocities the retardance of the water flow by vegetation is proportional to the height of the vegetation. 3. Something which delays or hinders development, progress, etc.; an impediment, an obstacle. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 1645 R. Baillie Dissuasive from Errours of Time i. 12 Incontinent the Generation of the Separatists did start up, and put such retardances in the way of that gracious Reformation. 1884 R. F. Burton tr. L. de Camões Lyricks i. clviii. 130 Whate'er retardance may Return delay, One sad companion ne'er fro' me shall part, The yearning grief for Weal that bides with you. 1919 Amer. Architect 27 Aug. 281/1 The only retardance to construction on a big scale comes from the lack of stabilization of labor wages scales. 2004 FD (Fair Disclosure) Wire (Nexis) 29 July We don't see Sarbanes-Oxley as a big retardance in the market today, to be honest with you. 4. The action of impeding or hindering a process or the course of something; (also) the capability of doing this, retardancy. Frequently as the second element in objective compounds, as fire retardance, flame retardance, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > hindering or retarding > capacity to retard fire, etc. retardance1891 retardency1939 retardancy1947 1891 Electr. Engineer 28 Aug. 211/2 The retardance due to electromagnetic inertia increases directly with the amount of electromagnetic inertia present. 1922 U.S. Patent 1,434,268 2/2 A transparent metallic film on said screen having the property of retardance by reflection of invisible radiations. 1948 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Mar. 400/1 Primary emphasis in fire retardance has been directed to coatings or impregnants which will protect a combustible substrate. 1967 Casa Grande (Arizona) Disp. 11 Dec. 4/5 Well-intentioned pressures [on a child to excel] often backfire into reverse outcomes of social, emotional and educational retardance. 1999 R. J. Campana Arboriculture xvi. 284 The arborists' interests were centered on growth retardance rather than stimulation. 2000 R. B. Hoadley Understanding Wood (rev. ed.) 209 In the case of penetrating finishes, multiple coats are especially crucial to developing moisture retardance. 2006 Boston Globe (Nexis) 12 Aug. h3 Technological advances in materials have led to mitts and gloves that promise improved heat resistance, flame retardance, and cleanability. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1550
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