单词 | reticulate |
释义 | reticulateadj. 1. Constructed or marked so as to resemble a net or network; reticulated; (Botany) (of leaves) marked by a (prominent) network of secondary veins interconnecting the main veins; (of veins) forming such a network.Also in the names of particular animals and plants. Cf. reticulated adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [adjective] > like a net or network netty1587 network1599 meshed1616 retiform1636 reticulate1658 reticulated1665 verricular1706 reticulary1717 retiformous1718 reticular1722 wide-meshed1724 netted1791 reticulating1795 reticuled1824 reticulose1826 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 147 The like Reticulate grain is observable in some Russia Leather. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 457/1 Reticulate, or Net Worke, walls made Net-wayes or Loseng-wise. 1703 Philos. Trans. 1702–3 (Royal Soc.) 23 1419 The branches of this [coral] run one into another without any reticulate order. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxxii. 502 Morel is a Fungus that is reticulate or netted all over the outside or upper surface. 1826 J. M. Good Bk. Nature II. i. 21 The neuropterous insects, or those with four reticulate or net-work wings. 1864 J. M. Neale Seatonian Poems 86 With light and shade reticulate. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 944 When the inner surface is magnified it appears to be reticulate. 1905 C. S. Sargent Man. Trees N. Amer. 312 Coccolobis laurifolia... Leaves ovate,..with conspicuous pale midribs and 3 or 4 pairs of remote primary veins connected by prominent reticulate veinlets. 1916 W. H. Fitch & W. G. Smith Illustr. Brit. Flora (ed. 4) 233 Salix reticulata, L. Reticulate Willow. 1959 A. Hardy Fish & Fisheries ii. 34 (caption) Reticulate dragonet, Callionymus reticulatus,..male in courtship display. 1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 90/1 A stream or river bed is said to have a braided pattern when the deeper channels form a lacy or reticulate network of divergent and convergent members. 1999 Plant Cell 11 1619/1 To check for allelism, lines were crossed and the F1 and F2 progeny were scored for reticulate leaves. 2. Botany. In tracheary elements of the xylem: designating a type of thickening in which the secondary cell wall is deposited on the primary in such a way as to form a netlike pattern (cf. scalariform adj.); (also) designating a tracheid or vessel in which such thickening occurs. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [adjective] > of xylem or phloem reticulated1832 reticulate1842 concentric1878 interxylary1889 mesarch1891 hadrocentric1900 leptocentric1940 xylary1953 1842 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 26 The formation of such secondary threads is frequently observable in reticulate vessels and in some forms of scalariform vessels. 1873 F. H. Hooker & J. D. Hooker tr. E. Le Maout & J. Decaisne Gen. Syst. Bot. 116 Cells may either be homogeneous, or punctate, or rayed, or reticulate, or spiral. 1907 W. C. Stevens Plant Anat. vii. 109 The tracheids are elongated cells especially adapted to be water carriers by numerous thin places in the walls in the form of bordered pits or associated with spiral, annular, or reticulate thickenings. 1976 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) ii. ii. 304 The [cell] wall becomes thickened, usually by a process of opposition. In the conducting elements, for example, annular, spiral or reticulate thickenings are formed, and lignification sets in. 2002 Systematic Bot. 27 35 (caption) Note also the reticulate tracheids subtending it. 3. Biology. Of evolution: characterized by repeated hybridization between related lineages (such as occurs esp. in plants), so that a diagram of phylogenetic relationships is netlike rather than simply branched. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > cross-breeding or hybridization bigenerous1610 hybridan1623 mongrel1633 hybridous1691 mule1728 hybrid1775 cross-bred1856 hybridizablea1864 paragenesic1864 hybridized1872 cross1886 monohybrid1903 outbred1903 intergeneric1921 polyhybrid1922 reticulate1938 trihybrid1941 inter-strain1950 1928 D. B. Swingle Textbk. Syst. Bot. vi. 59 Whenever it can be established that different members of a group have separate ancestry, the group should be divided and the parts given distinct names if the interests of phylogenetic taxonomy are to be served. Otherwise a reticulate arrangement is formed.] 1938 J. S. Huxley in South-Eastern Naturalist & Antiquary 43 14 Evolution in most animals and plants proceeds by divergent branching: in these forms it has produced a network. Some new method of naming the different types produced by this ‘reticulate evolution’ seems called for. 1971 Madroño 21 206 There is considerable evidence here for a complex pattern of reticulate evolution. 1994 D. J. Merrell Adaptive Seascape ix. 118 Reticulate evolution has clearly been of great importance in the evolution of the higher plants where up to half of all species are estimated to be allopolyploid in origin. Compounds reticulate-leaved adj. Botany (of a plant) having net-veined leaves; esp. in reticulate-leaved willow. ΚΠ 1842 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 42 49 I may here remark, that the reticulate-leaved species..is the Leptoglottis of DeCandolle. 1880 R. Hogg & G. W. Johnson Wild Flowers Great Brit. XI. Pl. 811 Reticulate-leaved willow, Salix Reticulata. 1951 Proc. Alaskan Sci. Conf. 1950 Apr. 92 In summer, however, native green plants, such as the reticulate-leaved willow (Salix reticulata L.)..are eaten raw and unwashed. 1972 Kew Bull. 27 50 This species is closely related to the reticulate-leaved group including G[lochidion] retinerve. reticulate python n. chiefly U.S. = reticulated python n. at reticulated adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1904 Proc. Pathol. Soc. Philadelphia 7 158 A mass of material passed during life from the intestine of a reticulate python. 1958 Charleston (West Virginia) Gaz. 21 July 19/1 This reticulate python of Asia also claims the title of World's Largest Snake. 2002 N. Rothfels Savages & Beasts 245 A reticulate python, 22–24 feet in length. reticulate-veined adj. Botany (of a leaf) having a network of interconnecting veins (as in most dicotyledons); net-veined; frequently contrasted with parallel-veined. ΚΠ 1817 Curtis's Bot. Mag. 44 1919 Nerve and large veins red, interstices reticulate-veined. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 377 Stem with 1–2 whorls of reticulate-veined leaves. 1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 148 Leaves—Alternate..acute or rarely rounded at the apex. Conspicuously reticulate-veined, midrib broad and primary veins prominent. 2002 M. A. Dirr Trees & Shrubs for Warm Climates 65/1 The lustrous dark green, serrated, reticulate-veined leaves, 2 to 4½in. long, are beautiful. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). reticulatev. 1. a. transitive. To divide, mark, or interconnect in such a way as to resemble a network. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > intersect [verb (transitive)] > make like a net or network reticulate1754 1754 J. Kirby Dr. B. Taylor's Method Perspective ii. vi. 79 By reticulating the whole..we may transfer the Part peculiar to each Scene, in the same Manner as one Picture is copied from another by the common Method of Net-work. 1787 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Apr. in Papers (1955) XI. 284 Spurs or ramifications of high mountains,..as it were, reticulating these provinces. 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 356 The granite, in this locality, often sends forth so many veins as to reticulate the limestone and schist. 1871 H. Alabaster Wheel of Law 252 The numerous canals and branches of the river which reticulate the flat alluvial plain. 1969 V. Nabokov Ada i. xii. 72 The hammock, a comfortable oblong nest, reticulated his naked body. 1971 Nature 17 Dec. 394/1 We mentally reticulate the system into subsystems, each of which either stores energy reversibly or dissipates energy without storage. 2006 Developmental Biol. 296 340 Halteres lack stout sensory bristles of the wing margin and veins that reticulate the wing blade. b. intransitive. To divide so as to form a network, or something that resembles one. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > intersect [verb (intransitive)] > form a network reticulate1830 1830 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 46 It was intersected in every direction by laminar veins of great tenuity, reticulating in an intricate manner. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 26 After pursuing the great stream for some miles it reticulated into..many rivulets. 1888 R. von Lendenfeld Descr. Catal. Sponges Austral. Mus., Sydney 173 Near the margin they run parallel to each other longitudinally, and they do not anastomose in the marginal zone; further down, however, they reticulate. 1917 Exhib. Painter Etchings & Engravings 19th Cent. p. x. In aquatint..a ground is used which reticulates, so that when looked at under the microscope it resembles a cracked, sun-dried mud flat. 1994 L. Simpson et al. in S. J. Higgins & B. D. Hames RNA Processing II. iii. 70 This network..is contained within the single mitochondrion which reticulates throughout the entire cell. 2. transitive. To construct (a net). Chiefly figurative. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > net knitc1290 net1681 reticulate1822 mesh1882 1822 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening ii. iii. i. 330 The Straw Net is reticulated from straw ropes. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 244 Access to it was..prevented by a horrible net of cobweb, and a band of the hideous artificers by which it had been reticulated. a1943 H. Zimmer King & Corpse (1947) ii. i. 259 Such a metamorphosis into the opposite, into the absolutely alien, is what throws the knots that reticulate the net of the living whole and mesh the individual alive into the fabric. 3. transitive. Chiefly Australian, New Zealand, and South African. To provide (an area, town, etc.) with water via a network of pipes; to distribute (a water supply) via such a network. Also in extended use: to distribute (a public utility) to a town. ΚΠ 1876 Melbourne Rev. 1 289 A water company was..formed for the purpose of reticulating Melbourne with water pipes. 1890 Southland (N.Z.) Times 20 May 2/4 The immense saving in the cost of reticulating electricity as compared with gas. 1908 Jrnl. Dept. Agric. Victoria 6 378 Some of the water pipes for reticulating the various buildings are also on hand. 1968 Esperance Advertiser (Albany, Austral.) 21 June 10/2 Drainage could become a big problem, now that water was being reticulated at Ravensthorpe. 2000 Business Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 24 Sept. 17 The municipalities charge about R1 to reticulate the water in the city to individual consumers. Derivatives reˈticulating adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [adjective] > like a net or network netty1587 network1599 meshed1616 retiform1636 reticulate1658 reticulated1665 verricular1706 reticulary1717 retiformous1718 reticular1722 wide-meshed1724 netted1791 reticulating1795 reticuled1824 reticulose1826 1795 A. H. Haworth Observ. Genus Mesembryanthemum ii. 404 All the leaves are..every way bespotted, with very minute, semipellucid irregularly confluent, or as it were reticulating zigzag, or maplike impunctations. 1841 E. Forbes Hist. Brit. Starfishes 102 The disk and rays are covered with oblong reticulating tubercles. 1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) iii. 54 Showing a thousand reticulating fissures. 1908 Jrnl. & Proc. Royal Soc. New South Wales 42 378 The use of large mains and reticulating pipes. 2005 Taxon 54 1004/1 The evolution of polyploid groups has not been divergent but reticulating. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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