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单词 retinal
释义

retinaln.

Brit. /ˈrɛtᵻnal/, U.S. /ˈrɛtnˌæl/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retinol n.2, -al suffix2.
Etymology: < retin- (in retinol n.2) + -al suffix2. Compare retinaldehyde n. and earlier retinene n.
Biochemistry.
The aldehyde of retinol (vitamin A1), a yellow carotenoid compound which occurs in the retina combined with opsin as the visual pigment rhodopsin. Also: the analogous aldehyde of vitamin A2. Sometimes with following numeral.Formulae: (vitamin A1 aldehyde) C20H28O; (vitamin A2 aldehyde) C20H26O. Also called retinaldehyde, retinene.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > yellow > retinal
retinene1934
retinal1960
retinaldehyde1963
1944 R. A. Morton & T. W. Goodwin in Nature 1 Apr. 406/1 The elegance and accuracy of Wald's work on retinal extracts makes us hesitate to suggest that the term retinene is inappropriate. Unfortunately, it suggests a retinal carotenoid... Perhaps retinaldehyde is more appropriate than retinal.]
1960 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 82 5581/1 The pure substance hitherto known as retinene shall be designated retinal.
1963 Nature 30 Mar. 1279/1 In accordance with recent recommendations of the Committee on Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, we shall use hereafter the following terminology:..for vitamin A aldehyde (retinene), ‘retinal’ or ‘retinaldehyde’.
1967 Nature 12 Aug. 765/1 Several stereoisomers of retinal1..are known and their interconversions can easily be promoted by the action of light.
1976 Sci. Amer. June 42/2 Retinal, complexed with various proteins, or opsins, is the chromophore of all visual pigments in animals.
2001 P. Ball Bright Earth ii. 49 All photopigments contain a light-absorbing molecular unit called retinal, which has a zigzagging, smeared cloud of electrons very similar to that in the carotenoid pigments of plants.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

retinaladj.

Brit. /ˈrɛtᵻnl/, U.S. /ˈrɛtn̩l/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retina n.1, -al suffix1.
Etymology: < retina n.1 + -al suffix1.
1. Of or relating to the retina.
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the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [adjective] > retina
retinal1798
retinian1849
retinochoroidal1864
retinocerebral1891
retinotectal1911
retinotopic1961
1798 T. Brown Observ. Zoonomia Erasmus Darwin v. 130 If it be a contraction of the retinal fibres, it must be unknown to the blind.
1838 Penny Cycl. X. 138/2 There is no doubt of the existence of the retinal membrane, which was discovered by Dr. Jacob of Dublin.
1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) ix. 223 The red lines are the retinal blood-vessels.
1920 Jrnl. Gen. Physiol. 2 499 The phenomenon of retinal adaptation is one of the most familiar facts of sensory physiology.
1950 Sci. News 15 10 There must be three kinds of retinal light receptor for coloured light, namely those for red rays, those for green rays, and those for blue rays.
1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. xvi. 498/1 A vertical straight line, the vertical meridian, passing through the center of the fovea separates the retinal surface into a temporal and a nasal half.
2008 Independent 7 Oct. 11/2 Wet macular degeneration..occurs when the blood vessels in the retina begin leaking, damaging retinal cells and destroying central vision.
2. Designating or relating to a biometric method of identifying individuals employing the unique patterns formed by blood vessels in the retina.
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1984 U.S. Banker Mar. 18/1 Alternatives to signature dynamics are fingerprint recognition, voice analysis and the retinal scan.
1986 Pop. Sci. June 113/1 $3,500 per terminal for a fingerprint reader to $12,000 for a retinal scanner.
1999 R. Hill in A. Jain et al. Biometrics vi. 123 Retinal identification (RI) is an automatic method that provides true identification of the person by acquiring an internal body image.
2004 N.Y. Mag. 22 Aug. 136/2 From thumbprinting, retinal scanning, and face-recognition to snapshooting space satellites.

Compounds

retinal detachment n. Medicine separation of the sensory layer of the retina from its pigment epithelium, typically producing a visual defect in the form of a scotoma; an instance of this; cf. detached retina n. at detached adj. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > disorders of retina
retinitis1821
retinitis pigmentosa1859
retinal detachment1860
detached retina1863
choroido-retinitis1869
neuroretinitis1878
chorioretinitis1880
pseudoglioma1884
macular degeneration1918
retinoblastoma1924
pseudofovea1925
retinopathy1930
RP1975
Rb1976
1860 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 8 Mar. 114 It may be well briefly to allude to the present state of knowledge regarding retinal detachment.
1965 Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 60 191/1 The introduction of scleral buckling procedures opened new avenues of approach in the treatment of retinal detachments previously considered of unfavorable prognosis.
1987 Investigative Ophthalmol. & Visual Sci. 28 2038/1 Little is known of the effects of retinal detachment upon the physiology and metabolism of the neural retina.
2001 J. Le Fanu They don't know what's Wrong iii. 63 I have had a retinal detachment in the past. Quite frequently there is the appearance of several short parallel black lines, nine or ten in number, close together.
retinal image n. an image formed on the retina.A retinal image is inverted with respect to the object which it represents.
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1819 Philos. Mag. 54 50 I now placed a plano-convex lens between the candle and the cornea... The retinal image remained inverted.
1912 H. French Index Differential Diagnosis Main Symptoms 199 The amount of dissimilarity of the retinal images gives the impression of space and distance.
2003 Prospect Sept. 8/2 The brain confabulates a world from two tiny, upside-down retinal images, which constantly change as the eyes saccade from one point to another.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1960adj.1798
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