biocoenosisbiocenosisn.

1883 H. J. Rice tr. Möbius Oyster & Oyster Culture in Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries 1880 VIII. 723 Science possesses, as yet, no word..for a community where the sum of species and individuals..have, by means of transmission, continued in possession of a certain definite territory. I propose the word Biocœnosis for such a community. Any change in any of the relative factors of a biocönose produces changes in other factors of the same.

1925 I. W. Bailey in Bot. Gaz. 80 93 (title) The ‘Spruce Budworm’ Biocoenose.

1957 Encycl. Brit. VII. 917/2 Such assemblages..have been called biocoenoses, if the interrelations are especially closely knit, and they are known generally as communities.

1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 468 On soft substrata two biocoenoses may be recognized, namely, one on beaches..with quickly-drying wracks and a second where slowly-drying wracks are present.

1998 G. E. Varner In Nature's Interests? 19 Note that Callicott favors the term ‘biocoenosis’ over either ‘biotic community’ or ‘ecosystem’. This term is relatively unfamiliar to American, British, and Australasian readers, although it is commonly used in the European and Russian literature, where it is used synonymously with ‘biotic community’.

2003 Isis 94 556/1 They saw it as ecology's task to determine the kind and levels of human activity that can be pursued without damaging a biocenosis.

1900 Science 14 Dec. 929/1 My theory of a ‘biocœnotic barrier’..was formulated to explain only the Bipolarity of the latter groups.

1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 489 The whole population of the Posidonia meadows..cannot be considered as a single biocoenotic unit or entity.

2005 E.-D. Schulze et al. Plant Ecol. iv. 599/2 Development can lead..to species-rich systems for which a biocenotic equilibrium is assumed.