† revilen.

Forms: see revile v.; also 1600s reveile.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: revile v.

Etymology: < revile v. Compare later revilement n., reviling n.

Obsolete.

1. Abuse, slander; revilement.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [noun] > action of using abuse

ribaldyc1300

chiding1340

ribaldrya1400

revile1439

revilingc1475

vituperation1481

vituper1484

tongue-sore1542

oblatration?1552

thundering1564

wording1564

revilement1590

slabbery1596

invective1602

campling1660

bitching1706

slangwhanging1809

name-calling1819

slanging1856

rough tonguing1916

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [noun]

balec1220

ordurec1390

revile1439

brawlingc1440

railing1466

opprobry?a1475

revilingc1475

vituperation1481

vituper1484

vitupery1489

convicy1526

abusion?1530

blasphemation1533

pelta1540

oblatration?1552

words of mischief1555

abuse1559

inveighing1568

invection1590

revilement1590

invective1602

opprobration1623

invecture1633

thunder and lightning1638

raillery1669

rattlinga1677

blackguarding1742

pillory1770

slang1805

slangwhanging1809

bullyragging1820

slanging1856

bespattering1862

bespatterment1870

bad-mouthing1939

bad mouth1947

slagging1956

flak1968

verbal1970

handbagging1987

pelters1992

1439 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 162 (MED) Yf..eny man..dispise or revyle eny of the seid maistres..and be duly proved before the Maire..schal paye for the dispite or revyle so made or done..iij s. iiij d.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. T3 Neither ye wile of faire words, nor ye reuile of foule writs, could intrept or let his letters.

a1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhemists New Test. (1618) 444 Their reveile of the worthy servant of God, M. Caluin, we will..lay vp with the Lord.

1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 316 Recreation..will always be innocent enough, if it can hinder revile and unchastity.

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. Authors Way sig. A5 Render them not reviling for revile .

1757 E. Perronet Mitre (new ed.) i. ccxxxiii. 52 Alike the scornful empty smile Of saucy flirts, or the revile Of saints invective breath.

1808 C. Thomson tr. Holy Bible Ezek. xxxvi. 15 The revile of nations shall no more be heard against you, nor shall you any more bear the reproaches of peoples.

2. An instance of this; a reviling or abusive speech or remark.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > curse > [noun] > as everyday imprecation

oatha1225

malisonc1300

reproach1485

thunderbolt1559

revilement1577

thunder-crack1577

revile1579

ban1590

wish1597

thunder-clap1610

expletive1647

rapper1675

cuss1771

winze1786

Goddammit1800

goddam1828

dirty word1842

blank1854

emphatic1868

swear1871

sailor's blessing1876

blessing1878

goldarn1879

swear-word1883

rounder1885

curse-word1897

dang1906

sailor's farewell1937

1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus ii. xxviii. 985/2 Hee must heare threates, hee must suffer reuiles [Fr. opprobres] and tauntes.

1602 W. Basse Sword & Buckler xlv. sig. C3^v Whose busie tongues and lothing maw defiles Our honest sort with vomited reuiles.

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon To Parl. sig. A3^v Since he waigh'd so little what a grosse revile that was to give his equall.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

revilev.

Brit.

/rᵻˈvʌɪl/, U.S.

/rəˈvaɪl/,

/riˈvaɪl/

Forms: Middle English reuille, Middle English–1500s reuyle, Middle English–1500s revyle, Middle English–1600s reuile, Middle English– revile; Scottish pre-1700 revyle, pre-1700 1700s– revile.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French revilir.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman revilir, revilier, reviller, Anglo-Norman and Middle French reviler to despise (first half of the 12th cent.), to degrade (end of the 13th cent. or earlier), to insult (end of the 13th cent. or earlier) < re- re- prefix + vil vile adj. Compare French ravilir to degrade, debase (1588 in Middle French), Italian ravvilire to degrade, to humiliate (18th cent.; earlier in sense ‘to weaken the resistance of (a person), to discourage (a person)’ (14th cent.)).

a. transitive. To subject to insult or abuse; to talk to or criticize in an abusive, angry, or insulting manner; to rail at. Also figurative.In early quots. often with reference to action; later usually referring to speech, writing, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [verb (transitive)] > abuse, scold, or wrangle

chidec1230

revilea1393

to call (rarely to speak) (all) to naught1542

vituperate1542

abuse1592

to speak or look daggers1603

outrage1608

cuss1831

slangwhang1880

strafe1915

slag1958

name-call1960

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > abuse [verb (transitive)]

vilea1300

rebutc1330

revilea1393

arunt1399

stainc1450

brawl1474

vituper1484

rebalk1501

to call (rarely to speak) (all) to naught1542

rattle1542

vituperate1542

bedaub1570

beray1576

bespurt1579

wring1581

misuse1583

caperclaw1589

abuse1592

rail1592

exagitate1593

to shoot atc1595

belabour1596

to scour one's mouth on1598

bespurtle1604

conviciate1604

scandala1616

delitigate1623

betongue1639

bespatter1644

rant1647

palt1648

opprobriatea1657

pelt1658

proscind1659

inveigh1670

clapperclaw1692

blackguard1767

philippize1804

drub1811

foul-mouth1822

bullyrag1823

target1837

barge1841

to light on ——1842

slang1844

villainize1857

slangwhang1880

slam-bang1888

vituperize1894

bad-mouth1941

slag1958

zing1962

to dump on (occasionally all over)1967

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 4635 (MED) His fader and hise brethren..Him hadde beten and reviled.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 11433 Þei..say it is þer heritage, to haf our godes & vs reuyle [a1450 Lamb. reuille].

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §623 Vnnethes may a man pleynly been accorded with hym that hath hym openly reuyled and repreued in disclaundre.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 97 (MED) He revilede moche and detracte seynte Edmunde.

c1500 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1987) 38 457 Thou schuldys not þi mayster reuyle.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 690/1 He is a marvaylouse hastye man in his fume, he revyled me and I had ben a dogge.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 365 The man..with reproachfull tearmes gan them revile.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 126 I read in's looks Matter against me, and his eye reuil'd Me as his abiect obiect.

1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. xi. 69 He did not revile the gods of ingratitude.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 249 [The Arabs] hate the Persians, they revile every thing that concerns them.

1729 R. Savage Wanderer v. 411 They jar, accus'd accuse, revil'd revile, And wrath to wrath oppose.

1780 W. Cowper Love of World 33 Revil'd and lov'd, renounc'd and follow'd, Thus, bit by bit, the world is swallow'd.

1833 H. Martineau Tale of Tyne ii. 40 He reviled heaven and earth when he saw his wife sinking from want.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 177 Ctesippus then says that he is not reviling the two Sophists, he is only contradicting them.

1901 Athenæum 21 Sept. 379/3 The young lady who writes stories and windily reviles the world that will not accept them.

1954 A. Seton Katherine viii. 148 Parson's Molly always defended her mistress when she heard the others reviling her.

1976 J. Bayley Uses of Division iii. i. 197 There are historical records of spectators leaping up to revile Othello for his stupidity.

2006 Daily Tel. 21 June 18/2 Lady Thatcher..was long ago de-feminised by men who wished to revile her.

b. intransitive. To talk abusively; to make abusive or angry criticisms; to rail at a person or thing. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [verb (intransitive)] > abuse, scold, or wrangle

chidec1175

to say or speak (a, no, etc.) villainy1303

scold1377

revilea1460

raila1470

fare1603

extirp1605

camp1606

callet1620

oblatrate1623

cample1628

objurgate1642

reprobate1698

slang1828

vituperate1856

to shoot one's mouth off1864

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 1729 (MED) Let hem revile and gnaste & gomys whette.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Pet. ii. 23 When he was reviled, reviled not agayne.

1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 141 This short Satyre..reuiling at the couetousnesse..of women.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 5 Then said Pliable, Don't revile; if what the good Christian says is true, the things he looks after, are better than ours.

1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator IV. 163 There is a Sort of Smile, Which worse than Anger does revile.

1797 M. Robinson Walsingham III. 65 While the tithe-pamper'd churchman reviles at the poor.

1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. 37 Skillet tongue, Shrilly reviling.

1847 E. Bennett Bandits of Osage iv. ii. 85 The ancient martyrs..who, when hooted and reviled at by a barbarous crowd,..sung psalms and smiled.

1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xvii. 200 How scornfully I once reviled, When some poor maiden was beguiled!

1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey xvii So he reviled; and in passing he back-heeled Odysseus savagely in the rump.

1934 R. Macaulay Milton vi. 100 Milton's familiarity with the tradition [of scurrility] may account for much of his strong language, even when reviling in English.

†2. transitive. To degrade, abase. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)]

vile1297

supplanta1382

to bring lowa1387

revilea1393

gradea1400

villain1412

abject?a1439

to-gradea1440

vilifyc1450

villainy1483

disparage1496

degradea1500

deject?1521

disgraduate1528

disgress1528

regrade1534

base1538

diminute1575

lessen1579

to turn down1581

to pitch (a person) over the bar?1593

disesteem1594

degender1596

unnoble1598

disrank1599

reduce1599

couch1602

disthrone1603

displume1606

unplume1621

disnoble1622

disworth?1623

villainize1623

unglory1626

ungraduate1633

disennoble1645

vilicate1646

degraduate1649

bemean1651

deplume1651

lower1653

cheapen1654

dethrone1659

diminish1667

scoundrel1701

sink1706

demean1715

abjectate1731

unglorifya1740

unmagnify1747

undignify1768

to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819

dishero1838

misdemean1843

downgrade1892

demote1919

objectify1973

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2806 (MED) Thou hast..thin oghne astat reviled.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11546 God..Vnto hys lykenes..formed þe... Whan þou synnest..Þou dysonourest hym..And reuylyst hys feyre ymage.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 112 (MED) Which wer a grette wodnesse to speke ayeinste divine iustice or to revile the dignite of Goddis yeftis.

1656 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum (new ed.) xxxiv. 213 Then the beastiall spirit in this Monster of false lust and poysonfull concupiscence brake forth, and reviled the pretious heavenly Image.

Derivatives

reˈviled adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [adjective] > abusive > subjected to abuse

reviled1569

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [adjective] > abused

reviled1569

tongue-rent1607

tongue-bitten1615

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 783 She had nothing but a reuyled skynne and bone.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. ii. vi. 43 He forbad to revile any living person at sacred solemnities,..upon penalty of three drach[mas] to be paid to the reviled person.

a1739 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (1747) IV. iii. viii. 46 Prosperity and courage,..the shield and refuge of our reviled and dejected order.

1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 173 Our homage and beatitude is partial and deformed: we must fly for relief to the suspected and reviled Intellect, to the Understanding, [etc.].

1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! vii The Lord's people were always a reviled people and a persecuted people.

1996 Time 19 Feb. 55/1 A telecommunications bill, which contains easily the most reviled piece of legislation in cyberspace, the Communications Decency Act.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	revile
释义	† revilen. Forms: see revile v.; also 1600s reveile. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: revile v. Etymology: < revile v. Compare later revilement n., reviling n. Obsolete. 1. Abuse, slander; revilement. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [noun] > action of using abuse ribaldyc1300 chiding1340 ribaldrya1400 revile1439 revilingc1475 vituperation1481 vituper1484 tongue-sore1542 oblatration?1552 thundering1564 wording1564 revilement1590 slabbery1596 invective1602 campling1660 bitching1706 slangwhanging1809 name-calling1819 slanging1856 rough tonguing1916 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [noun] balec1220 ordurec1390 revile1439 brawlingc1440 railing1466 opprobry?a1475 revilingc1475 vituperation1481 vituper1484 vitupery1489 convicy1526 abusion?1530 blasphemation1533 pelta1540 oblatration?1552 words of mischief1555 abuse1559 inveighing1568 invection1590 revilement1590 invective1602 opprobration1623 invecture1633 thunder and lightning1638 raillery1669 rattlinga1677 blackguarding1742 pillory1770 slang1805 slangwhanging1809 bullyragging1820 slanging1856 bespattering1862 bespatterment1870 bad-mouthing1939 bad mouth1947 slagging1956 flak1968 verbal1970 handbagging1987 pelters1992 1439 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 162 (MED) Yf..eny man..dispise or revyle eny of the seid maistres..and be duly proved before the Maire..schal paye for the dispite or revyle so made or done..iij s. iiij d. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. T3 Neither ye wile of faire words, nor ye reuile of foule writs, could intrept or let his letters. a1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhemists New Test. (1618) 444 Their reveile of the worthy servant of God, M. Caluin, we will..lay vp with the Lord. 1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 316 Recreation..will always be innocent enough, if it can hinder revile and unchastity. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. Authors Way sig. A5 Render them not reviling for revile . View more context for this quotation 1757 E. Perronet Mitre (new ed.) i. ccxxxiii. 52 Alike the scornful empty smile Of saucy flirts, or the revile Of saints invective breath. 1808 C. Thomson tr. Holy Bible Ezek. xxxvi. 15 The revile of nations shall no more be heard against you, nor shall you any more bear the reproaches of peoples. 2. An instance of this; a reviling or abusive speech or remark. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > curse > [noun] > as everyday imprecation oatha1225 malisonc1300 reproach1485 thunderbolt1559 revilement1577 thunder-crack1577 revile1579 ban1590 wish1597 thunder-clap1610 expletive1647 rapper1675 cuss1771 winze1786 Goddammit1800 goddam1828 dirty word1842 blank1854 emphatic1868 swear1871 sailor's blessing1876 blessing1878 goldarn1879 swear-word1883 rounder1885 curse-word1897 dang1906 sailor's farewell1937 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus ii. xxviii. 985/2 Hee must heare threates, hee must suffer reuiles [Fr. opprobres] and tauntes. 1602 W. Basse Sword & Buckler xlv. sig. C3^v Whose busie tongues and lothing maw defiles Our honest sort with vomited reuiles. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon To Parl. sig. A3^v Since he waigh'd so little what a grosse revile that was to give his equall. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020). revilev. Brit. /rᵻˈvʌɪl/, U.S. /rəˈvaɪl/, /riˈvaɪl/ Forms: Middle English reuille, Middle English–1500s reuyle, Middle English–1500s revyle, Middle English–1600s reuile, Middle English– revile; Scottish pre-1700 revyle, pre-1700 1700s– revile. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French revilir. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman revilir, revilier, reviller, Anglo-Norman and Middle French reviler to despise (first half of the 12th cent.), to degrade (end of the 13th cent. or earlier), to insult (end of the 13th cent. or earlier) < re- re- prefix + vil vile adj. Compare French ravilir to degrade, debase (1588 in Middle French), Italian ravvilire to degrade, to humiliate (18th cent.; earlier in sense ‘to weaken the resistance of (a person), to discourage (a person)’ (14th cent.)). 1. a. transitive. To subject to insult or abuse; to talk to or criticize in an abusive, angry, or insulting manner; to rail at. Also figurative.In early quots. often with reference to action; later usually referring to speech, writing, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [verb (transitive)] > abuse, scold, or wrangle chidec1230 revilea1393 to call (rarely to speak) (all) to naught1542 vituperate1542 abuse1592 to speak or look daggers1603 outrage1608 cuss1831 slangwhang1880 strafe1915 slag1958 name-call1960 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > abuse [verb (transitive)] vilea1300 rebutc1330 revilea1393 arunt1399 stainc1450 brawl1474 vituper1484 rebalk1501 to call (rarely to speak) (all) to naught1542 rattle1542 vituperate1542 bedaub1570 beray1576 bespurt1579 wring1581 misuse1583 caperclaw1589 abuse1592 rail1592 exagitate1593 to shoot atc1595 belabour1596 to scour one's mouth on1598 bespurtle1604 conviciate1604 scandala1616 delitigate1623 betongue1639 bespatter1644 rant1647 palt1648 opprobriatea1657 pelt1658 proscind1659 inveigh1670 clapperclaw1692 blackguard1767 philippize1804 drub1811 foul-mouth1822 bullyrag1823 target1837 barge1841 to light on ——1842 slang1844 villainize1857 slangwhang1880 slam-bang1888 vituperize1894 bad-mouth1941 slag1958 zing1962 to dump on (occasionally all over)1967 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 4635 (MED) His fader and hise brethren..Him hadde beten and reviled. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 11433 Þei..say it is þer heritage, to haf our godes & vs reuyle [a1450 Lamb. reuille]. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §623 Vnnethes may a man pleynly been accorded with hym that hath hym openly reuyled and repreued in disclaundre. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 97 (MED) He revilede moche and detracte seynte Edmunde. c1500 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1987) 38 457 Thou schuldys not þi mayster reuyle. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 690/1 He is a marvaylouse hastye man in his fume, he revyled me and I had ben a dogge. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 365 The man..with reproachfull tearmes gan them revile. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 126 I read in's looks Matter against me, and his eye reuil'd Me as his abiect obiect. View more context for this quotation 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. xi. 69 He did not revile the gods of ingratitude. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 249 [The Arabs] hate the Persians, they revile every thing that concerns them. 1729 R. Savage Wanderer v. 411 They jar, accus'd accuse, revil'd revile, And wrath to wrath oppose. 1780 W. Cowper Love of World 33 Revil'd and lov'd, renounc'd and follow'd, Thus, bit by bit, the world is swallow'd. 1833 H. Martineau Tale of Tyne ii. 40 He reviled heaven and earth when he saw his wife sinking from want. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 177 Ctesippus then says that he is not reviling the two Sophists, he is only contradicting them. 1901 Athenæum 21 Sept. 379/3 The young lady who writes stories and windily reviles the world that will not accept them. 1954 A. Seton Katherine viii. 148 Parson's Molly always defended her mistress when she heard the others reviling her. 1976 J. Bayley Uses of Division iii. i. 197 There are historical records of spectators leaping up to revile Othello for his stupidity. 2006 Daily Tel. 21 June 18/2 Lady Thatcher..was long ago de-feminised by men who wished to revile her. b. intransitive. To talk abusively; to make abusive or angry criticisms; to rail at a person or thing. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [verb (intransitive)] > abuse, scold, or wrangle chidec1175 to say or speak (a, no, etc.) villainy1303 scold1377 revilea1460 raila1470 fare1603 extirp1605 camp1606 callet1620 oblatrate1623 cample1628 objurgate1642 reprobate1698 slang1828 vituperate1856 to shoot one's mouth off1864 a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 1729 (MED) Let hem revile and gnaste & gomys whette. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Pet. ii. 23 When he was reviled, reviled not agayne. 1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 141 This short Satyre..reuiling at the couetousnesse..of women. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 5 Then said Pliable, Don't revile; if what the good Christian says is true, the things he looks after, are better than ours. View more context for this quotation 1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator IV. 163 There is a Sort of Smile, Which worse than Anger does revile. 1797 M. Robinson Walsingham III. 65 While the tithe-pamper'd churchman reviles at the poor. 1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. 37 Skillet tongue, Shrilly reviling. 1847 E. Bennett Bandits of Osage iv. ii. 85 The ancient martyrs..who, when hooted and reviled at by a barbarous crowd,..sung psalms and smiled. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xvii. 200 How scornfully I once reviled, When some poor maiden was beguiled! 1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey xvii So he reviled; and in passing he back-heeled Odysseus savagely in the rump. 1934 R. Macaulay Milton vi. 100 Milton's familiarity with the tradition [of scurrility] may account for much of his strong language, even when reviling in English. †2. transitive. To degrade, abase. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] vile1297 supplanta1382 to bring lowa1387 revilea1393 gradea1400 villain1412 abject?a1439 to-gradea1440 vilifyc1450 villainy1483 disparage1496 degradea1500 deject?1521 disgraduate1528 disgress1528 regrade1534 base1538 diminute1575 lessen1579 to turn down1581 to pitch (a person) over the bar?1593 disesteem1594 degender1596 unnoble1598 disrank1599 reduce1599 couch1602 disthrone1603 displume1606 unplume1621 disnoble1622 disworth?1623 villainize1623 unglory1626 ungraduate1633 disennoble1645 vilicate1646 degraduate1649 bemean1651 deplume1651 lower1653 cheapen1654 dethrone1659 diminish1667 scoundrel1701 sink1706 demean1715 abjectate1731 unglorifya1740 unmagnify1747 undignify1768 to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819 dishero1838 misdemean1843 downgrade1892 demote1919 objectify1973 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2806 (MED) Thou hast..thin oghne astat reviled. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11546 God..Vnto hys lykenes..formed þe... Whan þou synnest..Þou dysonourest hym..And reuylyst hys feyre ymage. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 112 (MED) Which wer a grette wodnesse to speke ayeinste divine iustice or to revile the dignite of Goddis yeftis. 1656 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum (new ed.) xxxiv. 213 Then the beastiall spirit in this Monster of false lust and poysonfull concupiscence brake forth, and reviled the pretious heavenly Image. Derivatives reˈviled adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [adjective] > abusive > subjected to abuse reviled1569 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [adjective] > abused reviled1569 tongue-rent1607 tongue-bitten1615 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 783 She had nothing but a reuyled skynne and bone. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. ii. vi. 43 He forbad to revile any living person at sacred solemnities,..upon penalty of three drach[mas] to be paid to the reviled person. a1739 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (1747) IV. iii. viii. 46 Prosperity and courage,..the shield and refuge of our reviled and dejected order. 1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 173 Our homage and beatitude is partial and deformed: we must fly for relief to the suspected and reviled Intellect, to the Understanding, [etc.]. 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! vii The Lord's people were always a reviled people and a persecuted people. 1996 Time 19 Feb. 55/1 A telecommunications bill, which contains easily the most reviled piece of legislation in cyberspace, the Communications Decency Act. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1439v.a1393
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