Riksmåln.

Brit.

/ˈrɪksmɔːl/, U.S.

/ˈrɪksˌmɔl/

Forms: 1900s– Riksmaal, 1900s– Riksmal, 1900s– Riksmål. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Norwegian. Etymon: Norwegian Riksmål.

Etymology: < Norwegian Riksmål (from end of the 19th or beginning of the 20th cent.: see below) < the genitive of rike riche n. + mål language (see mallum n.). Compare Rigsmaal n.Norwegian Riksmål (literally ‘state language’, ‘national language’) was used from c1900 as a designation of the Danish-derived official standard written form of the language, as opposed to Landsmål (the dialect-based standard of written Norwegian); it was earlier used simply in the sense ‘national language’. In 1929 the Norwegian parliament voted new names for the varieties, with Riksmål becoming Bokmål (while Landsmål became Nynorsk ). However, the term Riksmål continued to be used to denote a non-official, but still prestigious, written standard language (championed by the movement fighting for the traditional Dano-Norwegian variety of the language). Today, many of the traditional ‘Riksmål ’ forms have been reintegrated into official ‘Bokmål ’ again, and the term Riksmål is now more rarely used. Compare Bokmål n., Landsmål n., and Nynorsk n. (For a detailed discussion of the relationships between these see further E. I. Haugen Lang. Conflict & Lang. Planning (1966).) O.E.D. Suppl. (1982) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (ri·ksmǫl) /ˈriksmɔl/.

Now chiefly historical.

A written standard form of the Norwegian language based on the Danish written norm of the 19th cent. and south-eastern Norwegian urban speech (see etymological note); spec. = Bokmål n. Cf. Rigsmaal n., Landsmål n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Scandinavian > Norwegian > Riksmål

Dano-Norwegian1892

Rigsmaal1902

Riksmål1913

Bokmål1931

1913 Times 23 Sept. 5/6 The Landsmaal (as the new speech is called, to distinguish it from the official Riksmaal).

1939 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 Aug. 2 b/7 Not only the history of the language struggle between Landsmal and Riksmal, but the reason for that struggle.

1940 P. Grainger Let. 26 Oct. in All-round Man (1994) 169 Likewise I suspect yr middleclass Norwegian university folk, yr embedsmænd—Riksmaal folk—of preferring foreigners to Norwegian peasants.

1966 E. I. Haugen Lang. Conflict & Lang. Planning vi. 257 The choice given in the proposed ballot was between ‘natural Riksmål, Nynorsk, and official Bokmål’.

1993 Independent on Sunday 1 Aug. 16 Most of the texts Grieg chose to set are either in riksmal (high, literary Norwegian) or landsmal (its dialect variant).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	riksmål
释义	Riksmåln. Brit. /ˈrɪksmɔːl/, U.S. /ˈrɪksˌmɔl/ Forms: 1900s– Riksmaal, 1900s– Riksmal, 1900s– Riksmål. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Norwegian. Etymon: Norwegian Riksmål. Etymology: < Norwegian Riksmål (from end of the 19th or beginning of the 20th cent.: see below) < the genitive of rike riche n. + mål language (see mallum n.). Compare Rigsmaal n.Norwegian Riksmål (literally ‘state language’, ‘national language’) was used from c1900 as a designation of the Danish-derived official standard written form of the language, as opposed to Landsmål (the dialect-based standard of written Norwegian); it was earlier used simply in the sense ‘national language’. In 1929 the Norwegian parliament voted new names for the varieties, with Riksmål becoming Bokmål (while Landsmål became Nynorsk ). However, the term Riksmål continued to be used to denote a non-official, but still prestigious, written standard language (championed by the movement fighting for the traditional Dano-Norwegian variety of the language). Today, many of the traditional ‘Riksmål ’ forms have been reintegrated into official ‘Bokmål ’ again, and the term Riksmål is now more rarely used. Compare Bokmål n., Landsmål n., and Nynorsk n. (For a detailed discussion of the relationships between these see further E. I. Haugen Lang. Conflict & Lang. Planning (1966).) O.E.D. Suppl. (1982) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (ri·ksmǫl) /ˈriksmɔl/. Now chiefly historical. A written standard form of the Norwegian language based on the Danish written norm of the 19th cent. and south-eastern Norwegian urban speech (see etymological note); spec. = Bokmål n. Cf. Rigsmaal n., Landsmål n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Scandinavian > Norwegian > Riksmål Dano-Norwegian1892 Rigsmaal1902 Riksmål1913 Bokmål1931 1913 Times 23 Sept. 5/6 The Landsmaal (as the new speech is called, to distinguish it from the official Riksmaal). 1939 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 Aug. 2 b/7 Not only the history of the language struggle between Landsmal and Riksmal, but the reason for that struggle. 1940 P. Grainger Let. 26 Oct. in All-round Man (1994) 169 Likewise I suspect yr middleclass Norwegian university folk, yr embedsmænd—Riksmaal folk—of preferring foreigners to Norwegian peasants. 1966 E. I. Haugen Lang. Conflict & Lang. Planning vi. 257 The choice given in the proposed ballot was between ‘natural Riksmål, Nynorsk, and official Bokmål’. 1993 Independent on Sunday 1 Aug. 16 Most of the texts Grieg chose to set are either in riksmal (high, literary Norwegian) or landsmal (its dialect variant). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1913
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