rilln.²

Brit.

/rɪl/, U.S.

/rɪl/

Forms: 1500s rylle, 1500s–1600s rille, 1600s ril, 1600s rile, 1600s– rill.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps related to Dutch ril natural watercourse, groove, channel, furrow, or German regional (Low German) rill , (Low German: East Friesland) rille , ril groove, furrow, stream ( > German Rille furrow, channel (18th cent.; compare rille n.)), both perhaps ultimately diminutive formations < the Germanic base of rithe n., ultimately < the same Indo-European base as run v. Much earlier currency of the English word is perhaps implied by post-classical Latin rilla stream (12th cent. in a British source), which could alternatively show a shortened form of *rivula , an unattested feminine form corresponding to classical Latin rīvulus (see Rivulus n.) although this seems less likely.In sense 3 after German Rille rille n. In use in phonetics at Compounds 2 after Danish rille ( O. Jespersen Fonetik (1899) §169: see quot. 1912¹).

a. A small stream; a brook; a rivulet. Frequently poetic. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rill

rive1489

purla1552

rilla1552

rilleta1552

strippet1577

prill1603

rillock1893

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 30 There is a rylle that cummith by the Towne.

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 13 Diuers rilles or rillets to the Riuer of Thames.

1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 21 in Justa Edouardo King We..Fed the same flock, by fountain, shade, and rill.

1694 J. Addison tr. Virgil 4th Georgick in Ann. Miscellany 60 And shallow Rills run trickling through the Grass.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 79 Innumerable Rills and Brooks of Water.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 64 Here rills of oily eloquence in soft Meanders lubricate the course they take.

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux II. ii. v. 82 I have some remembrance of the green sod, and the silver rill.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxxvii. 57 Go down beside thy native rill .

1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon I. 85 His was a tiny rill of conversation, not a tidal wave of thought.

1921 E. L. White Andivius Hedulio ii. xiii. 198 We came upon a tiny rill trickling through a fringe of sedge.

1944 Amer. Lit. 16 42 Every rill of fact is traced to its source.

1977 J. McPhee Coming into Country i. 16 The river and every rill that feeds it are in an unmodified natural state.

2001 Audubon May–June 42/2 The icy little rill hurried through a lush hollow.

b. In extended use: a trickle or stream of liquid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > that which flows > quantity > small amount

rill1615

rillet1840

trickle1857

trickling1863

tricklet1880

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 447 The third Sinus which is like a Rill of bloud, called sometimes by Galen a veine..passeth directly forward through the length of the head.

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 107 There must be a continual Rill of these temperate Juices into the Blood.

1738 D. Hartley Acct. Contrib. making Mrs. Stephens's Medicines Public 1/2 A Rill of warm Water passing thro' the urinary Passages would indeed waste all the Stones lying in them by Degrees.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 322 A scanty rill of soap-sudsy water.

1920 tr. ‘R. Dorgelès’ Wooden Crosses (1921) iii. 33 Bouffioux' shining face carried black lines, the mark of his fingers and the rills of sweat running down from his cap.

1970 D. Jacobson Rape of Tamar xi. 134 Rills of tears and blood ran disgustingly back into my nose and mouth, instead of out of them.

2004 S. Krasnoff Krazy Hor xvii. 104 Fazekas wiped away a rill of sweat beading his brow.

c. A small temporary stream of water formed on the surface of the ground, esp. after rain or the retreat of the sea; a channel formed by such a stream.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rill > temporary

rill1843

1843 E. Dieffenbach Trav. N.Z. I. ii. xxiv. 344 In the furrows which the rills had made in the pumiceous soil there was ice.

1883 T. C. Chamberlin Geol. Wisconsin: Surv. of 1873–9 I. 43 Rills, especially those following outgoing tides furrow the sand or mud, particularly in flowing over a pebble, shell or other obstruction.

1925 Water-Supply Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 499. 96 As the supply of débris is small these rills are not fully loaded and are effective eroding agents.

1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 1102/1 In calm weather, the backwash of the returning water [on a beach] has little energy, creating a diamond pattern of small rills.

1999 Artic, Antarctic, & Alpine Res. 31 414/2 Water was also an important agent of sand and peat movement... Several rills developed during the monitoring period.

a. A small narrow trench or furrow in the earth; (frequently) spec. a drill made for planting seeds. Cf. drill n.⁴ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > [noun] > seed-furrow or drill

seed furrow?1530

rigol1599

rilling1610

cornhole1655

rill1658

drill1727

seed seam1775

seam1799

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 244 Lay them in the bottom of the rills [Fr. la Raye].

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 6 Immediately before you sow, cast, and dispose it [sc. the ground] into Rills, or small narrow Trenches of four, or five inches deep.

1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. iii. 314 To succeed in planting Anemones,..draw a Rill from one End of the Bed to the other.

1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant 431 Their Pulse, Safranon (or Carthamus,) Melons, Sugar Canes &c. (all of which are commonly planted in Rills).

1830 Western Agriculturist (Hamilton County Agric. Soc.) 44 It is the practice of many, to bury their dung in rills or deep furrows, and then plant above them.

1905 C. A. Schenck Biltmore Lect. Sylviculture 77 The seed is put in the rill with the hand.

1928 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 66/3 You have dug up the bed,..planted the seeds in little rills and tapped earth gently over them.

1989 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 17 Oct. Make rills about 1-2cm. deep and sow the tiny peas in pairs for reciprocal support.

b. A groove or narrow channel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun] > making grooves > a groove, channel, or furrow

furrowc1374

groopc1440

regal1458

rat1513

slot?1523

gutter1555

chamfer1601

channel1611

fluting1611

furrowing1611

rita1657

denervation1657

rigol1658

groove1659

riggota1661

rake1672

stria1673

champer1713

cannelure1755

gully1803

channelure1823

flute1842

rill1855

droke1880

1855 Mercersburg Q. Rev. Jan. 4 We likewise see the rills or grooves all along the marble, which were constantly filled with oil, in order to render the atmosphere more humid.

1899 Biol. Bull. 1 20 These rills are very fine grooves in the surface of the wing which run in a sort of radiate manner toward the border.

1959 Language 35 513 As for the actual shape of the tongue in directing the air stream, though a groove (or ‘rill’) is common for (s), quite acceptable s's can be produced with much wider and looser openings.

2006 D. Bahat in J. H. Charlesworth Jesus & Archaeol. 310 It also showed rills in the threshold caused by wheels of heavily laden carts.

3. Astronomy. = rille n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > [noun] > surface of > trench

rille1859

rill1862

1862 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1861 180 Professor Phillips's observations..included drawings of remarkable ‘rills’, and other interesting peculiarities.

1888 J. A. W. Oliver Astron. 70 On the south-east of this bright little crater there is an easy rill.

1919 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 31 135 A study of the so-called lunar rills leads unavoidably..to the conclusion that they are not the results of very oblique meteoric impacts.

1964 Jrnl. Geophysical Res. 69 2423/2 Selenologists attempt to explain only the normal rills, ignoring the sinuous rills and valleys.

2001 ‘D. Gerrold’ Bouncing off Moon 74 It [sc. the sun] would be creeping over that rill for a long time. Sunrise on the moon was fourteen times longer than sunrise on the earth.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive, objective, and instrumental (chiefly in sense 1c).

rill action n.

ΚΠ

1934 Geogr. Rev. 24 579 (caption) Smale-scale soil mottlings on upland near eastern margin of prairie, showing influence of rill action around margins.

1962 L. C. King Morphol. of Earth v. 137 Following the cutting of a steep hillside by rill and gully action.., surface water requires to be discharged across a relatively flat terrain to an adjacent stream channel.

1992 J. Gerrard Soil Geomorphol. v. 75 The fine debris washed down by rains is moved forward by rill action.

rill channel n.

ΚΠ

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. iv. iv. 637 A model of this system of erosion is often admirably worked out in the earthy slopes along a road-side,—the little rill having its cascade-head,..and below its flat alluvial plain with the winding rill-channel.

1962 L. C. King Morphol. of Earth v. 138 The water..may be insufficient to form sheets and then passes across the pediment in rills only. Where this occurs frequently, pediments are scored by rill channels.

2000 Jrnl. Coastal Res. 16 1014/1 At the end, there are rill channels flowing into the runnel.

rill-cutting n.

ΚΠ

1925 Water-Supply Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 499. 96 Rill cutting at the foot of mountain slopes.

1962 L. C. King Morphol. of Earth v. 138 The zone of laminar flow..is often elided, and rill-cutting and gullying appear extensively upon many pediments.

rill erosion n.

ΚΠ

1902 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 196. 146 The destruction by recent rill erosion is not confined to the upland valleys.

1997 Agric. Res. Sept. 19/3 As little as 5 to 10 parts per million..almost eliminated rill erosion—the tiny gullies caused by water moving over soil.

rill mark n.

ΚΠ

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 94 Rill-marks, mud-cracks, and rain-drop impressions.

1913 A. W. Grabau Princ. Stratigr. xvii. 708 A different type of rill marks is found where small streams debouch upon a flat, sandy or clayey plain.

2004 O. H. Pilkey et al. How to read N. Carolina Beach 21 One way to tell where the water table is on a beach is to look for rill marks, which look like miniature gullies or small streams crossing the beach in the intertidal zone.

rillway n.

ΚΠ

1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 51 Obviously, the roadside slime has descended the rill-ways from the middle of the street.

1935 Ecology 16 358 Many small check-dams at the heads of small rillways or gullies are far preferable to much larger ones in ravine or barranca.

rill-threaded adj.

ΚΠ

1897 Godey's Mag. May 512/2 Any rock-bound, rill-threaded location offers inducements for the grotto in the plan of a residence.

1933 R. Campbell Flowering Reeds 28 The shimmering beams of a morning that sinewed The lowlands with silver, and trawled to the plains, Rill-threaded, the sweep of its glittering seines.

C2. Phonetics. attributive. Designating a fricative produced by forcing air through a groove-like aperture between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. Esp. in rill spirant.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > spirant or continuant > fricative > type of

rill1912

strident1956

1912 E. Prokosch in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 33 197 Spirants of these places of articulation can be formed in two ways: either, the surface of the tongue is convex, so that the breath passes through a narrow slit, as with þ, χ; or, the tongue forms a more or less distinct rill in its median line, as with s, sh. The former may be called slit sounds, the latter rill sounds. [Note] I use this rather awkward term [sc. rill] in translation of Jespersen's Rille.

1912 E. Prokosch in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 33 198 Nowhere in purely Germanic territory has a rill sound ever been developed from a slit sound or a stop.

1958 C. F. Hockett Course in Mod. Linguistics viii. 72 Both English /sz/ and English /θð/ are normally apico-alveolar, but the former are rill spirants, the latter slit spirants.

1987 P. M. Lloyd From Lat. to Spanish (1989) v. 332 It could be either a narrow rill sibilant or could have a flatter quality with the air striking a broader portion of the predorsum.

C3.

rillwash n. Geology water flowing in rills; erosion caused by such flow; cf. sheet-wash n. at sheet n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1908 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 16 751 (heading) Hypothesis of rill-wash applied to the St. Louis region.

1972 A. Young Slopes vii. 62 Surface flow may be divided into sheetwash, where the ground is entirely or largely covered by a moving layer of water, and rillwash, when the water flows mainly as micro-channels.

1990 A. S. Trenhaile Geomorphol. Canada vii. 134 Frost action, mass movement, and rillwash operate on the valley sides.

Derivatives

ˈrill-like adv. and adj. (a) adv. in the manner of a rill (rare); (b) adj. resembling (that of) a rill.

ΚΠ

1816 ‘P. Pindar’ Tales of Hoy in Wks. V. 245 One little lamp..gave a beauteous sparkle to each tear, That rill-like dropp'd.

1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career II. xvi. 283 The ripple, crease, and rill-like descent of the turf.

1979 E. N. Bannister & S. I. Outcalt in E. W. Hanten & J. J. Utano Urban Environment in Spatial Perspective 1 (title) Simulation of rill-like drainage topography.

1997 Times (Nexis) 27 Dec. Another [bridge]..crosses a rill-like tributary.

† rillwise adv. Obsolete rare in the manner of a rill.

ΚΠ

1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 238 The water of a reservoir..enters the fields rillwise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rillv.²

Brit.

/rɪl/, U.S.

/rɪl/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rill n.²

Etymology: < rill n.² Compare earlier rilling adj.

1. intransitive. To flow in a small stream; to trickle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > flow (of river) [verb (intransitive)]

flowa1000

roil?c1400

resorta1552

rill1621

relate1653

put1670

toddle1773

vent1784

tail1889

1621 R. Aylett Brides Ornaments ii. i, in Song of Songs 125 Sundrie Channels flow, First cleare like Spring from which their waters rill, But passing further thicke and miry grow.

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋144 The profuse sweat, that rills through..the pores.

c1709 M. Prior 2nd Hymn Callimachus 153 The wholesome Draught from Aganippe's Spring..gently rilling Adown the Mountains.

1802 R. Warner Tour Northern Counties I. ii. 117 The little brook Weston, which formerly rilled through the park in quiet and insignificance.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 106 May showers never fail.., Nor suns dry the fountain that rills by its side.

1884 G. A. Sala in Illustr. London News 30 Aug. 195 A small fountain rills from the rockwork.

1922 R. M. Hallet Canyon of Fools x. 180 I felt perspiration rilling down my back.

1996 J. Hegland Into Forest (1997) 55 The springwater rilled over our cold hands.

†2. transitive. To make a drill or small trench in. Cf. rill n.² 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant plants [verb (transitive)] > make drill or furrow

rill1658

seed-furrow1664

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 244 For this you may make use of the houe, rilling [Fr. sillonnant] the bed where you would set them.

3. transitive. poetic. To produce by flowing, or in the manner of a stream. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > [verb (transitive)]

rill1826

1826 T. Hood Stag-eyed Lady xiv, in Whims & Oddities 85 Then closed the wave, and then the surface rill'd A ring above her, like a water-knell.

1930 R. Campbell Adamastor 58 And Wisdom in the Python rills A stream of starlight through the ferns.

4. transitive and intransitive. poetic. To sing or utter with a liquid sound; (also) to trill. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > make sound of or like water [verb (transitive)] > ripple

ripple1890

rill1891

1891 Cent. Mag. June 245/1 The brook is dry; its silver throat Rills song no more.

1899 D. M. Lemon Plays & Poems 174 There's a darkling blackbird rilling In golden ecstasy.

1925 W. de la Mare in Virginia Q. Rev. Oct. 1 It [sc. music] continued on, and at last so rilled and trembled in the air that even Old Nollykins..caught the strains.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rill
释义	† rilln.¹ Forms: late Middle English rylle. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rail n.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps a variant of rail n.¹ Perhaps compare post-classical Latin rella cloth (15th cent. in a British glossarial source), variant of ralla (1440, 1483 in British glossarial sources). Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. A kind of thin cloth, perhaps one used for shaving. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [noun] > thin, light, or delicate valencec1381 Paris crisp1400 rill1440 tuke1477 utter-fine1529 Worcester1551 cypress1577 borato1578 burat1588 quintain1674 tissue1732 zephyrine1820 summer weight1873 Palm Beach1913 sheer1934 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 434 Rylle, thynne clothe, ralla. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 491 Thynne clothe, that ys clepyd a rylle, ralla. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). rilln.² Brit. /rɪl/, U.S. /rɪl/ Forms: 1500s rylle, 1500s–1600s rille, 1600s ril, 1600s rile, 1600s– rill. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps related to Dutch ril natural watercourse, groove, channel, furrow, or German regional (Low German) rill , (Low German: East Friesland) rille , ril groove, furrow, stream ( > German Rille furrow, channel (18th cent.; compare rille n.)), both perhaps ultimately diminutive formations < the Germanic base of rithe n., ultimately < the same Indo-European base as run v. Much earlier currency of the English word is perhaps implied by post-classical Latin rilla stream (12th cent. in a British source), which could alternatively show a shortened form of rivula , an unattested feminine form corresponding to classical Latin rīvulus* (see Rivulus n.) although this seems less likely.In sense 3 after German Rille rille n. In use in phonetics at Compounds 2 after Danish rille ( O. Jespersen Fonetik (1899) §169: see quot. 1912¹). 1. a. A small stream; a brook; a rivulet. Frequently poetic. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rill rive1489 purla1552 rilla1552 rilleta1552 strippet1577 prill1603 rillock1893 a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 30 There is a rylle that cummith by the Towne. 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 13 Diuers rilles or rillets to the Riuer of Thames. 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 21 in Justa Edouardo King We..Fed the same flock, by fountain, shade, and rill. 1694 J. Addison tr. Virgil 4th Georgick in Ann. Miscellany 60 And shallow Rills run trickling through the Grass. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 79 Innumerable Rills and Brooks of Water. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 64 Here rills of oily eloquence in soft Meanders lubricate the course they take. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux II. ii. v. 82 I have some remembrance of the green sod, and the silver rill. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxxvii. 57 Go down beside thy native rill . View more context for this quotation 1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon I. 85 His was a tiny rill of conversation, not a tidal wave of thought. 1921 E. L. White Andivius Hedulio ii. xiii. 198 We came upon a tiny rill trickling through a fringe of sedge. 1944 Amer. Lit. 16 42 Every rill of fact is traced to its source. 1977 J. McPhee Coming into Country i. 16 The river and every rill that feeds it are in an unmodified natural state. 2001 Audubon May–June 42/2 The icy little rill hurried through a lush hollow. b. In extended use: a trickle or stream of liquid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > that which flows > quantity > small amount rill1615 rillet1840 trickle1857 trickling1863 tricklet1880 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 447 The third Sinus which is like a Rill of bloud, called sometimes by Galen a veine..passeth directly forward through the length of the head. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 107 There must be a continual Rill of these temperate Juices into the Blood. 1738 D. Hartley Acct. Contrib. making Mrs. Stephens's Medicines Public 1/2 A Rill of warm Water passing thro' the urinary Passages would indeed waste all the Stones lying in them by Degrees. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 322 A scanty rill of soap-sudsy water. 1920 tr. ‘R. Dorgelès’ Wooden Crosses (1921) iii. 33 Bouffioux' shining face carried black lines, the mark of his fingers and the rills of sweat running down from his cap. 1970 D. Jacobson Rape of Tamar xi. 134 Rills of tears and blood ran disgustingly back into my nose and mouth, instead of out of them. 2004 S. Krasnoff Krazy Hor xvii. 104 Fazekas wiped away a rill of sweat beading his brow. c. A small temporary stream of water formed on the surface of the ground, esp. after rain or the retreat of the sea; a channel formed by such a stream. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rill > temporary rill1843 1843 E. Dieffenbach Trav. N.Z. I. ii. xxiv. 344 In the furrows which the rills had made in the pumiceous soil there was ice. 1883 T. C. Chamberlin Geol. Wisconsin: Surv. of 1873–9 I. 43 Rills, especially those following outgoing tides furrow the sand or mud, particularly in flowing over a pebble, shell or other obstruction. 1925 Water-Supply Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 499. 96 As the supply of débris is small these rills are not fully loaded and are effective eroding agents. 1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 1102/1 In calm weather, the backwash of the returning water [on a beach] has little energy, creating a diamond pattern of small rills. 1999 Artic, Antarctic, & Alpine Res. 31 414/2 Water was also an important agent of sand and peat movement... Several rills developed during the monitoring period. 2. a. A small narrow trench or furrow in the earth; (frequently) spec. a drill made for planting seeds. Cf. drill n.⁴ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > [noun] > seed-furrow or drill seed furrow?1530 rigol1599 rilling1610 cornhole1655 rill1658 drill1727 seed seam1775 seam1799 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 244 Lay them in the bottom of the rills [Fr. la Raye]. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 6 Immediately before you sow, cast, and dispose it [sc. the ground] into Rills, or small narrow Trenches of four, or five inches deep. 1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. iii. 314 To succeed in planting Anemones,..draw a Rill from one End of the Bed to the other. 1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant 431 Their Pulse, Safranon (or Carthamus,) Melons, Sugar Canes &c. (all of which are commonly planted in Rills). 1830 Western Agriculturist (Hamilton County Agric. Soc.) 44 It is the practice of many, to bury their dung in rills or deep furrows, and then plant above them. 1905 C. A. Schenck Biltmore Lect. Sylviculture 77 The seed is put in the rill with the hand. 1928 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 66/3 You have dug up the bed,..planted the seeds in little rills and tapped earth gently over them. 1989 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 17 Oct. Make rills about 1-2cm. deep and sow the tiny peas in pairs for reciprocal support. b. A groove or narrow channel. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun] > making grooves > a groove, channel, or furrow furrowc1374 groopc1440 regal1458 rat1513 slot?1523 gutter1555 chamfer1601 channel1611 fluting1611 furrowing1611 rita1657 denervation1657 rigol1658 groove1659 riggota1661 rake1672 stria1673 champer1713 cannelure1755 gully1803 channelure1823 flute1842 rill1855 droke1880 1855 Mercersburg Q. Rev. Jan. 4 We likewise see the rills or grooves all along the marble, which were constantly filled with oil, in order to render the atmosphere more humid. 1899 Biol. Bull. 1 20 These rills are very fine grooves in the surface of the wing which run in a sort of radiate manner toward the border. 1959 Language 35 513 As for the actual shape of the tongue in directing the air stream, though a groove (or ‘rill’) is common for (s), quite acceptable s's can be produced with much wider and looser openings. 2006 D. Bahat in J. H. Charlesworth Jesus & Archaeol. 310 It also showed rills in the threshold caused by wheels of heavily laden carts. 3. Astronomy. = rille n. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > [noun] > surface of > trench rille1859 rill1862 1862 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1861 180 Professor Phillips's observations..included drawings of remarkable ‘rills’, and other interesting peculiarities. 1888 J. A. W. Oliver Astron. 70 On the south-east of this bright little crater there is an easy rill. 1919 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 31 135 A study of the so-called lunar rills leads unavoidably..to the conclusion that they are not the results of very oblique meteoric impacts. 1964 Jrnl. Geophysical Res. 69 2423/2 Selenologists attempt to explain only the normal rills, ignoring the sinuous rills and valleys. 2001 ‘D. Gerrold’ Bouncing off Moon 74 It [sc. the sun] would be creeping over that rill for a long time. Sunrise on the moon was fourteen times longer than sunrise on the earth. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, objective, and instrumental (chiefly in sense 1c). rill action n. ΚΠ 1934 Geogr. Rev. 24 579 (caption) Smale-scale soil mottlings on upland near eastern margin of prairie, showing influence of rill action around margins. 1962 L. C. King Morphol. of Earth v. 137 Following the cutting of a steep hillside by rill and gully action.., surface water requires to be discharged across a relatively flat terrain to an adjacent stream channel. 1992 J. Gerrard Soil Geomorphol. v. 75 The fine debris washed down by rains is moved forward by rill action. rill channel n. ΚΠ 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. iv. iv. 637 A model of this system of erosion is often admirably worked out in the earthy slopes along a road-side,—the little rill having its cascade-head,..and below its flat alluvial plain with the winding rill-channel. 1962 L. C. King Morphol. of Earth v. 138 The water..may be insufficient to form sheets and then passes across the pediment in rills only. Where this occurs frequently, pediments are scored by rill channels. 2000 Jrnl. Coastal Res. 16 1014/1 At the end, there are rill channels flowing into the runnel. rill-cutting n. ΚΠ 1925 Water-Supply Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 499. 96 Rill cutting at the foot of mountain slopes. 1962 L. C. King Morphol. of Earth v. 138 The zone of laminar flow..is often elided, and rill-cutting and gullying appear extensively upon many pediments. rill erosion n. ΚΠ 1902 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 196. 146 The destruction by recent rill erosion is not confined to the upland valleys. 1997 Agric. Res. Sept. 19/3 As little as 5 to 10 parts per million..almost eliminated rill erosion—the tiny gullies caused by water moving over soil. rill mark n. ΚΠ 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 94 Rill-marks, mud-cracks, and rain-drop impressions. 1913 A. W. Grabau Princ. Stratigr. xvii. 708 A different type of rill marks is found where small streams debouch upon a flat, sandy or clayey plain. 2004 O. H. Pilkey et al. How to read N. Carolina Beach 21 One way to tell where the water table is on a beach is to look for rill marks, which look like miniature gullies or small streams crossing the beach in the intertidal zone. rillway n. ΚΠ 1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 51 Obviously, the roadside slime has descended the rill-ways from the middle of the street. 1935 Ecology 16 358 Many small check-dams at the heads of small rillways or gullies are far preferable to much larger ones in ravine or barranca. b. rill-threaded adj. ΚΠ 1897 Godey's Mag. May 512/2 Any rock-bound, rill-threaded location offers inducements for the grotto in the plan of a residence. 1933 R. Campbell Flowering Reeds 28 The shimmering beams of a morning that sinewed The lowlands with silver, and trawled to the plains, Rill-threaded, the sweep of its glittering seines. C2. Phonetics. attributive. Designating a fricative produced by forcing air through a groove-like aperture between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. Esp. in rill spirant. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > spirant or continuant > fricative > type of rill1912 strident1956 1912 E. Prokosch in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 33 197 Spirants of these places of articulation can be formed in two ways: either, the surface of the tongue is convex, so that the breath passes through a narrow slit, as with þ, χ; or, the tongue forms a more or less distinct rill in its median line, as with s, sh. The former may be called slit sounds, the latter rill sounds. [Note] I use this rather awkward term [sc. rill] in translation of Jespersen's Rille. 1912 E. Prokosch in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 33 198 Nowhere in purely Germanic territory has a rill sound ever been developed from a slit sound or a stop. 1958 C. F. Hockett Course in Mod. Linguistics viii. 72 Both English /sz/ and English /θð/ are normally apico-alveolar, but the former are rill spirants, the latter slit spirants. 1987 P. M. Lloyd From Lat. to Spanish (1989) v. 332 It could be either a narrow rill sibilant or could have a flatter quality with the air striking a broader portion of the predorsum. C3. rillwash n. Geology water flowing in rills; erosion caused by such flow; cf. sheet-wash n. at sheet n.¹ Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1908 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 16 751 (heading) Hypothesis of rill-wash applied to the St. Louis region. 1972 A. Young Slopes vii. 62 Surface flow may be divided into sheetwash, where the ground is entirely or largely covered by a moving layer of water, and rillwash, when the water flows mainly as micro-channels. 1990 A. S. Trenhaile Geomorphol. Canada vii. 134 Frost action, mass movement, and rillwash operate on the valley sides. Derivatives ˈrill-like adv. and adj. (a) adv. in the manner of a rill (rare); (b) adj. resembling (that of) a rill. ΚΠ 1816 ‘P. Pindar’ Tales of Hoy in Wks. V. 245 One little lamp..gave a beauteous sparkle to each tear, That rill-like dropp'd. 1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career II. xvi. 283 The ripple, crease, and rill-like descent of the turf. 1979 E. N. Bannister & S. I. Outcalt in E. W. Hanten & J. J. Utano Urban Environment in Spatial Perspective 1 (title) Simulation of rill-like drainage topography. 1997 Times (Nexis) 27 Dec. Another [bridge]..crosses a rill-like tributary. † rillwise adv. Obsolete rare in the manner of a rill. ΚΠ 1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 238 The water of a reservoir..enters the fields rillwise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rillv.¹ Forms: late Middle English ryll. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: rail v.⁴, roil v.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps a variant of or transmission error for rail v.⁴ or roil v.¹ Perhaps compare Middle French riller to glide, to flow (1475). Obsolete. rare. intransitive. Perhaps: to run here and there. ΚΠ a1500 (?c1400) Song of Roland (1880) l. 421 (MED) Your knyghtis be-hind haue som bores fond, or Among the holtis I-herd ryll som hertis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rillv.² Brit. /rɪl/, U.S. /rɪl/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rill n.² Etymology: < rill n.² Compare earlier rilling adj. 1. intransitive. To flow in a small stream; to trickle. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > flow (of river) [verb (intransitive)] flowa1000 roil?c1400 resorta1552 rill1621 relate1653 put1670 toddle1773 vent1784 tail1889 1621 R. Aylett Brides Ornaments ii. i, in Song of Songs 125 Sundrie Channels flow, First cleare like Spring from which their waters rill, But passing further thicke and miry grow. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋144 The profuse sweat, that rills through..the pores. c1709 M. Prior 2nd Hymn Callimachus 153 The wholesome Draught from Aganippe's Spring..gently rilling Adown the Mountains. 1802 R. Warner Tour Northern Counties I. ii. 117 The little brook Weston, which formerly rilled through the park in quiet and insignificance. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 106 May showers never fail.., Nor suns dry the fountain that rills by its side. 1884 G. A. Sala in Illustr. London News 30 Aug. 195 A small fountain rills from the rockwork. 1922 R. M. Hallet Canyon of Fools x. 180 I felt perspiration rilling down my back. 1996 J. Hegland Into Forest (1997) 55 The springwater rilled over our cold hands. †2. transitive. To make a drill or small trench in. Cf. rill n.² 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant plants [verb (transitive)] > make drill or furrow rill1658 seed-furrow1664 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 244 For this you may make use of the houe, rilling [Fr. sillonnant] the bed where you would set them. 3. transitive. poetic. To produce by flowing, or in the manner of a stream. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > [verb (transitive)] rill1826 1826 T. Hood Stag-eyed Lady xiv, in Whims & Oddities 85 Then closed the wave, and then the surface rill'd A ring above her, like a water-knell. 1930 R. Campbell Adamastor 58 And Wisdom in the Python rills A stream of starlight through the ferns. 4. transitive and intransitive. poetic. To sing or utter with a liquid sound; (also) to trill. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > make sound of or like water [verb (transitive)] > ripple ripple1890 rill1891 1891 Cent. Mag. June 245/1 The brook is dry; its silver throat Rills song no more. 1899 D. M. Lemon Plays & Poems 174 There's a darkling blackbird rilling In golden ecstasy. 1925 W. de la Mare in Virginia Q. Rev. Oct. 1 It [sc. music] continued on, and at last so rilled and trembled in the air that even Old Nollykins..caught the strains. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1440n.²a1552v.¹a1500v.²1621
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