| 释义 |
ridgen.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hregg (Frisian rēch ), Old Dutch ruggi , rukgi (Middle Dutch rugge , rucge , regge , rucke , ric , rec , Dutch rug ), Old Saxon hruggi- (in compounds; Middle Low German rügge , rüge , ruckge , rucgge , rücke , rük ), Old High German hruggi , ruggi , hrucci , hrucki , rucki , rukke (Middle High German rucke , rücke , rück , ruck , rügge , rugge , German Rücken ), Old Icelandic hryggr , Norwegian rygg , Old Swedish rygger (Swedish rygg ), Old Danish ryg , røg , rug (Danish ryg ), further etymology uncertain; perhaps related to either Early Irish crocenn back or crúach (see rick n.1). Compare post-classical Latin riga raised strip of arable land, measure of land (c1200, 1477 in British sources; < Middle English). Compare rig n.1All the forms reflect palatalization and assibilation of the earlier (geminate) voiced velar plosive /ɡɡ/ in Old English resulting in a voiced palato-alveolar affricate /dʒ/ (usually spelt cg in Old English); the palatalization was caused by the same stem-forming suffix that caused i-mutation of the stem vowel. The division of forms reflects the regular development of the stem vowel (Old English y ) in Middle English: the α. forms (characteristic of the west midlands and the south-west) continue the rounded vowel; the γ. forms (characteristic of the south-east) show unrounding and lowering of y to e ; and the β. forms (characteristic of all other areas, and later of the standard language) show unrounding of y to i . The northern and Scots form is rig n.1 with retention of (degeminated) velar /ɡ/; this is probably the result of analogical levelling within the paradigm from forms where assibilation may not have taken place before a back vowel (as assumed by K. Luick Hist. Gram. der englischen Sprache (1940) I. ii. §690.3), reinforced by the influence of Scandinavian cognates or other language contact influence from early Scandinavian (as argued by A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §438; compare also R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §7.42). Eng. Dial. Dict. (at Rigg) records forms of the word (and its derivatives) reflecting a pronunciation with /ɡ/ from Scotland, Ireland, and the northern and east midland counties of England as far south as Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire, and also from Warwickshire and East Anglia; compare the very similar distribution shown by Ling. Atlas Eng. (1978) (L15, 16). In some instances it is unclear whether Middle English spellings such as rigge , rig , rigg are intended to represent a form with a plosive or an affricate, which in turn presents difficulties in assigning examples to either this entry or rig n.1; wherever possible in such cases the provenance of the source has been taken into account in assigning material to either entry, with forms from Danelaw counties and other areas with significant Scandinavian influence (such as the north-west of England) being assigned to rig n.1; some of these examples may properly belong here, or conversely some of the examples given here may properly belong at rig n.1 The same principle has been followed at ridge v. and rig v.1, and in the entries for other related words. Also attested early in place names (in sense 4a), as Coddanhrycg , Worcestershire (c1025 in a copy of a charter of 963; now Cotheridge), Rigge , Shropshire (1086; now Rudge), Wiriga , Devon (1086; now Witheridge), Langerige , Staffordshire (1199; now Longridge), la Rigge , Hertfordshire (1248; now Ridge), etc. (see further M. Gelling & A. Cole Landscape of Place-names (2000) 190–2). Similarly formed place names from Danelaw counties and from Scotland generally show the equivalent place-name element rig(g) (see rig n.1). †1. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > [noun] the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) i. 29 Ðonne ðam lareowum aðistriað ðæs modes eagan.., ðonne gebigð ðæt folc hira hrycg to hefegum byrðenum manegum. OE Ælfric (St. John's Oxf.) 298 Dorsum, hrycg. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius (Vitell.) (1984) clxii. 206 Gif hors on hricge oððe on þam bogum awyrd sy. ?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 33 Hyt pricaþ innan þan sculdru and on þan hriȝȝe swi[l]ce þar þornas on sy. a1275 in C. Brown (1932) 38 (MED) Iudas, þou most to iurselem oure mete for-to bugge, þritti platen of seluer þou bere up-o þi rugge. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) 957 Corineus..breid Geomagog þat him þe rug for-berst. a1325 in C. Brown (1924) 1 (MED) Loke man to iesu crist..his reg mid scurge i-suunge. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 177 (MED) Þe lengþe of a manis body, þat is, from þe sole of þe foot to þe top of þe heed, be..ten so moche as þe depnesse, þat is, from þe rugge to þe wombe. ?a1425 (a1350) St. Edward (Julius) l. 562 in G. E. Moore (1942) 20 (MED) As he bar him op his reg our lord him grace sente. a1450 Dispute Mary & Cross (Royal) l. 152 in R. Morris (1871) 202 All is rede, Ribbe and rigge, Þe bak bledeþ aȝens þe borde. c1450 Practica Phisicalia John of Burgundy in H. Schöffler (1919) 229 (MED) Or ellis take a frogge in maye and karue þe rugge with a knyff, [etc.]. c1500 ( G. Ashby Prisoner's Refl. l. 27 in (1899) 2 Puttyng on me many fals lesyng, Whyche I must suffyr and bere on my ruge. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens 391 Let the backe or ridge be anoynted therewithal before, or at the first comming of the fittes of the Ague. 1581 R. Mulcaster xxxvii. 157 Neither refusing the saddle on his ridg, to be rid on, neither the bit in his mouth. 1608 E. Topsell 11 Their gall..is forced to the mouth by certaine veines vnder the ridge or backe-bone. 1678 S. Butler iii. iii. 233 They rob'd me, and my Horse, And stole my Saddle,..And made me mount upon the bare-ridge. ?1754 I. xix. 217 Having taken away the Saddle, he recommended the bare Ridge to his Master. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > run away or flee c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1940) l. 234 (MED) Wið oþre unþeawes, me mai stondinde fehten; Ah aȝein lecherie, þu most turne þe rug ȝef þu wult ouercumen, & wið fluht fehten. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) 272 Þa Grickes..wenden him þeo rugges. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 9026 Þo þe frensse iseye þis hii ne couþe oþer won, Bote turnde hom þe rug[c1400 BL Add. þe rygge; B: a1400 Trin. Cambr. to þe rugh, a1450 London Univ. to þe rug; a1425 Pepys to her backe] & bigonne to fle echon. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xlv. 1 I sogete befor his face jentilis & þe reggis of kingis I turne. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > body and parts of > fleece > on particular parts of the body a1325 (c1280) (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 2253 (MED) A ffold ffol of ffale sheep, þey hi were half y-schore, Oþer skabbede in þe pokkes, oþer hare ryg al to-tore. 1429 (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/3) f. 82 j Dyker de Rigges et neckes. 2. The top, upper part, or crest of anything, esp. when long and narrow. Also (esp. in Old English) with genitive. the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > [noun] > crest the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top > of an arched surface OE (2008) 471 Sende ic Wylfingum ofer wæteres hrycg ealde madmas. OE (1932) lxviii. 2 Com ic on sæs hricg [L. in altitudines maris]. a1500 (Sloane) (1890) 47 Þe corne þat is in þe ryge off þe lande. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. xv Make a depe holowe forowe in ye rigge of the lande. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil (1557) ii. sig. Diii Now rose Lucifer aboue the ridge Of lusty Ide, and brought the dawning light. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria iii. iv. f. 110v The rydgies also of these mountaynes are diuided with..valleis. 1597 W. Shakespeare i. i. 64 I would..meete him were I tied to runne afoote, Euen to the frozen ridges of the Alpes. View more context for this quotation 1665 T. Herbert (new ed.) 11 Dancing upon the ridge of dreadful waves. 1669 J. Worlidge 275 The Ridge, the upper edge of a Bank, or other rising Land. 1737 S. Berington 96 We were almost on the Ridge of Africa, which made it cooler than one can well believe. 1788 E. Gibbon V. xlix. 123 The Pentapolis..advanced into the midland country as far as the ridges of the Apennine. 1839 C. Thirlwall (new ed.) II. xiv. 215 They..hastily retraced their march over the ridge of Tmolus. 1879 R. Browning 57 Such my cry as, rapid, I ran over Parnes' ridge. 1906 J. Conrad xxiii. 117 The little vessel..would go on running in a smooth, glassy hollow, a deep valley between two ridges of the sea. 1984 P. O'Brian i. 47 The two of them were sitting high-perched on the very chine or ridge of Gibraltar under an immense, cloudless, gentle blue sky. 1997 A. Warner 56 Along the ridge of the next hill, across the river,..moved the figure. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI sig. T.i Mingle the joyce therof with oyle to anoynte the rigge of the backe. 1580 T. Blundeville (rev. ed.) iii. 24 b Drawe his backe with a hot iron right out on both sides of the ridge of his backe. 1602 J. Marston v. sig. H4v A bush of furs on the ridge of his chinne. a1642 H. Best (1984) 3 Close tuppes are such as have both the stones in the ridge of the backe. 1690 S. Blankaart 339 Isthmus.., the ridg of the nostrils. 1759 J. Reynolds 10 Nov. 353 The line that forms the ridge of the nose. 1774 O. Goldsmith III. 185 The short bristles..gradually encrease in length, as they approach the ridge of the back. 1843 R. T. Lowe i. 31 The more prominent parts, especially the throat, breast-keel, and corresponding ridge of the back are smooth and naked. 1876 A. C. Swinburne 1374 The ridge of their necks as the wind-shaken mane on the ridges of waves. 1888 July 186 I made out the horns, neck, and the ridge of the back of a tremendous old bull. 1942 28 330 The brown color spread downward and laterally from the ridge of his back and top of his head and from base to tip and dorsum to venter of his tail. 2006 K. Elliott i. 15 He touched the ridge of his brow just to the left of his left eye. 1581 R. Mulcaster xli. 250 Socrates that great maister in Plato calleth Logicke the ridge, or toppe of the Mathematicalles. 1642 T. Matthew tr. St. Teresa xx. 257 This kind of Soule, is not then, it self; but rather vpon the verie topp, or ridge, as one may say, therof. 1678 J. Dryden ii. 19 Is this the Man who..drives me before him, To the World's ridge, and sweeps me off like rubbish? 1710 E. Ward II. xiii. 249 Those who at the Ridge of Glory aim, Never want Envy to eclipse their Fame. 1823 Ld. Byron xxiii. 114 Night was on the ridge Of twilight. 1886 C. H. Spurgeon VII. Ps. cxxx. 5 As of one on the ridge of a journey, looking onward on his way. 1907 R. Besier 5 But now upon the ridge of night we stand. 2008 L. L. Berry & K. D. Seltman v. 128 For more than a century, the organization has charted a course along the high ridge of success. 3. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > ridge OE (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 9 Ða lædde he hyne on Hierusalem & gesette hine ofer þæs temples hricg [c1200 Hatton ricg; L. pinnam]. c1390 Gast of Gy (Vernon) in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 295 (MED) He sette summe vppon þe tyles and summe on þe houses rugge and summe in þe wyndouwes and summe in þe gardines. ?1504 S. Hawes sig. ee.v A lytell brydge Not halfe so brode as a hous rydge. 1556 R. Record 114 A three cornered forme like the rygge of an house where tone syde lyeth flatte, and the other two leane a slope. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. i. 208 Leades [are] fill'd, and Ridges hors'd With variable Complexions; all agreeing In earnestnesse to see him. View more context for this quotation 1662 B. Gerbier 9 A Chimney some two Foote higher than the Ridges of the Roof of a Building. 1726 J. Swift I. ii. v. 96 Here I sat for some time,..expecting every moment..to fall..and come tumbling..from the Ridge to the Eeves. 1773 Fairfax Parish Vestry Bk. in C. R. Lounsbury (1994) 308 [The chimneys are] to be seven feet above the ridge. 1833 J. C. Loudon §849 To cover the whole of the roofing with old sound plain tiles.., the hips, ridges, and eaves in mortar. 1876 W. P. Buchan iii. 16 Zinc ridges are made of sheet zinc. 1884 51 161/2 The attachments to buildings were made..by a bolt screwed into the lead of the ridge. 1930 V. Sackville-West ii. 85 Anquetil went up..the sloping tiles. Cautiously he got astride the ridge. 1944 B. S. Townroe in R. Greenhalgh xvi. 424/2 The fire stop consists of a screen of fire-resisting material fixed at right angles to the roof surface from eaves to ridge. 2000 July 86/4 The south side of the roof and the ridge were then re-thatched using locally grown wheat reed. 1553 T. Wilson iii. f. 100v A man maie loue his house wel, and yet not ride vpon the ridge. 1650 W. Beech sig. G8v The saying is, a man may love his house, and yet not ride upon the ridge of it; his child, yet not alwayes be muching of it; his wife, and yet not still be fondling her upon his knee. 1726 11 Can't a Man enjoy in's House what's fit, But he must ride upon the Ridge of it? 1738 J. Swift 179 A Man may love his House very well, without riding on the Ridge. 1889 J. Stark 36 A man can admire the house he lives in without riding on the ridge of it, is a proverb that applies to the love of art, music, society, and many other things. society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > parapet extended in long slope > highest point of 1746 I. i. 32 Join all the angles of the glacis with those of the covert way..; hereby you will represent the ridges and gutters of the glacis. 1788 C. Crauford & R. Crauford tr. J. G. Tielke II. iii. 307 The trenches were carried forward to the glacis, h, and gabions were placed on the ridge of the Glacis. 1853 J. H. Stocqueler 233/1 Ridge..is the highest part of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way. 1880 F. S. Cashel Hoey tr. H. Havard v. 102 At midnight, they assault, and gain the ridge with five salient angles. 1902 D. Leighton iv. 96 The sappers were subjected to an incessant musketry fire from the covered way, but nevertheless the work progressed, and on the 20th, it reached the ridge of the glacis. 4. the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > undersea ridge OE Bounds (Sawyer 389) in D. Hooke (1994) 134 Þanon on þone norðmystan hrycweg anlang hrycges to ðære eorðburh middeweardre. lOE Bounds (Sawyer 254) in W. de G. Birch (1885) I. 229 Ærest of sæ upp on Hængestes ricg;..swa norð andlang rihges. c1155 ( Bounds (Sawyer 476) in S. E. Kelly (2007) 83 West þonan on þone hrycg. 1538 T. Elyot Iugantinus deus, was amonge paynyms the god, whom they supposed to haue auctoritie ouer the rydges of hylles. a1552 J. Leland (1711) VII. 9 There is a grete Hill, or Rigge, that stretchethe..from Glassenbyry on to within 2. Miles of Bridgewatar. ?1575 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara (new ed.) 380 This hill or ridge ioyneth vnto the Citie. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta iii. xx. 184 There are two ridges of mountaines which runne..in one altitude. 1671 in (1853) III. 195 They saw a Ridge of Mountains lyeing N. and S. a1677 I. Barrow (1678) ix. 79 A certain ridg of separation running between them [sc. Vertue and Vice, Right and Wrong, Duty and Miscarriage], which commonly (being very narrow, thin, and obscure) it is not easy to discern. 1737 S. Berington 167 Vast ridges of Mountains in the Heart of the Country. 1774 O. Goldsmith I. 136 In Holland, which is all a flat, they shew a little ridge of hills, near the sea-side. 1785 W. Cowper iv. 57 Here runs the mountainous and craggy ridge That tempts ambition. 1815 M. Elphinstone i. ii. 96 There are three branches, which stretch from the great ridge at right angles to the inferior ranges. 1847 Ld. Tennyson v. 117 The storm Of galloping hoofs bare on the ridge of spears And riders front to front, until they closed. 1880 S. Haughton v. 208 The Kenia ridge has deprived the Equatorial lakes of fully one-half of their natural rainfall supply. 1944 A. Holmes xv. 319 In the shallower depths, over sub-tropical and tropical submarine banks and ridges, the shells of pteropods become abundant. 1971 ‘A. Burgess’ xiii. 141 Years of wandering over the ridges and through the valleys on foot or muleback..had given her an expert knowledge of the terrain. 2000 C. D. Whiteman ii. 14 Major ridges include the Cumberland Mountains to the west, the Alleghenies, which extend from Virginia northward into Pennsylvania, and the Blue Ridge Mountains. the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > [noun] 1695 (Royal Soc.) 19 35 The Riff or Ridge..descending a little towards the Eastward. 1769 J. Home ii Fast, on a ridge of rocks, a wreck appear'd. 1845 Jan. 48/1 I struck a ridge of rock which ran across the face of the mountain, and felt myself hurled up into the air. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher 572 Ridge, hydrographically means a long narrow stretch of shingle or rocks, near the surface of the sea. 1912 A. H. Atteridge xvii. 319 It had been broken on the British squares like a surf on a ridge of rocks. 1998 R. Redfern (2003) xiv. 147 The reef consists of a 240ft (73m) long ridge. the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > dividing 1773 499 The boundary line [of Georgia]..to extend..from the said source along the ridge between the waters of Broad River and Okonie River. a1816 B. Hawkins Sketch Creek Country 1798 & 1799 in (1848) III. i. 20 On its right bank there are several large creeks, which rise out of the ridge dividing the waters of Flint and Chatahouchee. 1890 M. A. Leeson 904 Dutch hill is the ridge or divide between the waters of Tionesta creek and the Allegheny river. 1939 (Federal Writers' Project) 643 Calhoun County, a long limestone ridge between the Mississippi and the Illinois, is all but divorced from the remainder of the state. 1971 19 Apr. 56/4 A ridge is a long off-shoot of a range and divides two major tributaries of a river. 2006 B. Sperling & P. Sander v. 182/2 Elkhorn sits in the Platte Valley west of the low ridge dividing it from the Missouri River. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > movements and pressure conditions > [noun] > atmospheric pressure > (area of) high pressure > specific shape or position 1847 15 Jan. 6/4 On comparing these with the Boston observations, we find a ridge of pressure between Boston an the south-eastern angle of our island. 1887 10 Jan. 3/5 A ‘ridge’ lay over that region, and the sky was clear. 1914 (Meteorol. Office) vii. 81 An area of considerably higher barometric pressure.., either as a ridge..or in the more extensive form of an anticyclonic system. 1968 G. M. B. Dobson (ed. 2) vi. 136 Troughs and ridges tend to circulate round the pole from west to east. 2000 S. Heighton i. ii. 28 The weather report: cooler tomorrow, a first autumn front moving down out of the northwest bringing Arctic air in a high-pressure ridge over Manitoba. 1966 T. Armstrong et al. 33 Ridge, a ridge or wall of broken floating ice forced up by pressure. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury iv. 136 These floes..collide with each other, forming ridges. 2008 W. R. Anderson & D. Keith xvii. 261 I spotted through the periscope a sharp-edged ridge of ice projecting about the height of a man above the sea surface. 5. Chiefly Agriculture. the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > broken land > arable or ploughed land > divisions of ploughed land OE Bounds (Sawyer 1314) in D. Hooke (1990) 264 Þæt lytle linland eal butan anan hrycge þam west mæstan. a1170 ( Bounds (Sawyer 605) in S. E. Kelly (2001) 217 Þonne up ondlang broces oð hit cymþ to emnes þam ealdan læg hrycge. c1380 (1879) 1565 (MED) Þay..Ne spared rigges noþer vores, til þay mette þat pray. a1500 (Sloane) (1890) 48 (MED) Yeff your land ly in marysse or in watry grounde, make good depe foroughis þer in so þat þe reges may be delyuered off þe watur. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. vv He seyth nat whyder the plough go in rige or rayne. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach i. f. 23v As we leaue betwixt two Furrowes a Ridge, for the drie keeping of the graine like a Garden bedde. 1649 W. Blith xiv. 79 Consider thy Land how it lyeth, whether round with Ridg and Furrow [etc.]. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil 54 Th' aspiring Off-spring of the Grain O'retops the ridges of the furrow'd Plain. View more context for this quotation 1733 J. Tull xi. 56 This Observation was before I planted my Rows on High Ridges. 1787 G. Winter 276 A few buts or short ridges, which were planted with a proportion of one bushel to an acre. 1844 H. Stephens I. 465 Heavy land is formed into narrow ridges, to allow the rain to flow quickly into the open furrows. 1884 L. F. Allen 103 The depth of the furrow should be about one-half its width, and the land or ridges as wide as can conveniently be made. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland (ed. 2) i. xi. 90 (caption) Fitted with trenching body for making ridges or furrows such as are required for the planting of sugar-cane. 2003 31 129 The lawn in front of the house was an unusual piece of ground because it was never ploughed, was level, and had no ridge and furrow on it. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > other units of land measure 1439 (Brasenose Coll. Oxf. Archives) (Hurst Cal. of Munim. 7, Cropredy 66) 4 rygges of meadow in Cropredy. 1631 3 ridges or butts. 1688 R. Holme ii. ii. §32 Smaller parcells according to that quantity of ground it containeth,..Ridges, Butts, Flats, Stitches or small Butts, Pikes. 1716 No. 5487/4 Also four or five Ridges of Arable Land, and one Ley. 1791 Nov. 300 The poor cottagers..are left without one ridge of land to feed a cow. 1834 Petition to Mayor & Council Newcastle upon Tyne in (1895) I. 270 The Company of Merchants Adventurers claim 94 ridges of land situate on the Castle Leazes. 1875 H. J. S. Maine iv. 114 Such was their numbers that they used not to get but thrice nine ridges for each man. 2008 (Nexis) 5 July 40 As they were ploughed they made furrows and threw up earth which made ridges that divided the strips from each other—hence the three ridges granted to Edith. 1616 R. Betts tr. King James VI & I Pref. sig. C1v I haue no purpose once to touch many prettie toyes which the ridges of his whole booke are sowed withall. 1667 J. Milton vi. 236 Each Warriour..expert When to..turn the sway Of Battel, open when, and when to close The ridges of grim Warr. View more context for this quotation 1763 J. Macpherson vi. 100 The ridges of war melt before him. 1815 W. Wordsworth II. 255 They have learnt to open and to close The ridges of grim War. 1894 R. Barr ix. 135 He recognised in the pile the peculiar brown covers of the ‘Bohn’ edition of classic translations, that were scattered like so many turnips over the top of this ridge of literature. 1895 W. B. Yeats 203 My father dwells among the sea-worn bands, And breaks the ridge of battle with his hands. 1917 H. Warren in L. Raemaekers 70 Canned earthquakes, bottled death, to be broken and to break to-morrow in the storms and on the ridges of war. 1649 W. Blith xiv. 79 Consider thy Land how it lyeth, whether round with Ridg and Furrow, then use your owne discretion for the manner of Ploughing. 1697 (Royal Soc.) 19 528 The firm Ground in some places lay ridge and furrow. 1705 in L. O. Tyson Brit. Mining 82 (2007) 53 The seam of coales 14, 15 or 16 inches high and goeth much Rigg and Furrow. 1727 R. Bradley vi. 133 A field which is ploughed for wheat, is said to lie ridge and furrow. 1770 A. Young I. v. 353 As to the laying arable land down to grass, they do it in the ridge and furrow-way. 1851 22/2 Among other striking examples of the ingenuity of the originators and constructors of the Crystal Palace is the ridge-and-furrow roof. 1871 C. Kingsley I. ii. 47 Gullies sawn in the slopes..giving..a ridge-and-furrow look to this and most other of the Antilles. 1919 J. Masefield 51 Meadows ridge-and-furrow ploughed. 1958 26 40 This is particularly well shown in grasslands in which there are marked variations in the height of the water table, such as the characteristic ridge and furrow grasslands of Britain. 1967 6 July 10/3 The head gardener to the Duke of Devonshire, Joseph Paxton, then invented ridge and furrow roofing, without rafters. 1974 C. Taylor iii. 57 The ridge and furrow ends on a well-marked terrace which was both a trackway through the fields and a headland on which the plough was turned. 2000 Apr. 32/3 There were slips in the approach cuttings during construction, mounds of soil from these being left near the canal in contrast with the ridge and furrow fields. the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > bed in kitchen-garden the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > hotbed 1717 S. Collins 81 I am satisfied it is an usual way to sow and raise these plants till they are fit for a Ridge under frames. 1798 C. Marshall (ed. 2) xiv. 194 The hot-bed, or ridge made in May, for hand-glass, should be sunk in a dry soil. 1806 B. M'Mahon 305 Make hot-bed ridges, about the middle of this month, for the cucumber and melon plants raised last month. 1847 J. W. Loudon 133 The Cucumbers raised from seed last month should now be planted out on ridges. 1899 13 May 296/3 Seed should be sown..and the pots placed in a mild hot-bed or a forcing pit, putting out the plants on ridges under hand-lights when they are large enough. 1910 VII. 610/2 The mounds or ridges should be 4 to 5ft. apart, and one [cucumber] plant is placed in the centre of each. 2001 J. Larkcom (2003) 57/2 The original ‘ridge’ types [of cucumber]—so called as they were grown in Europe on ridges to improve drainage—were short and stubby, with rough, prickly skin. 6. the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > a corrugation > ridge ?a1450 (Stockh.) (1950) 152 (MED) Endiwe..haȝt prykkes in þe regges [v.rr. rigge; bake of þe herbe], and it haȝt a ȝelweȝ flour. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. iii A rest balke is where the plough..leueth a lytell rigge standyng bytwene. 1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia in T. Hariot (new ed.) vi. 43 Their haire is cutt with two ridges aboue their foreheads, the rest is trussed opp on a knott behinde. 1677 A. Yarranton 41 At last I found in the Sea great quantities of Iron Stones lye in a Ridge. 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie ii. v. viii. 94 Strawberries being likewise order'd in double ridges, in Baskets made on purpose. 1757 W. Wilkie vii. 228 A tempest..began to blow And rear in ridges high the deep below. 1796 W. Withering (ed. 3) II. 293 Seeds small, with 5 membranaceous ridges. 1810 G. Crabbe xxii. 301 None could the Ridges on his Back behold. 1846 J. D. Dana 154 In a few species, the cells are confluent also across the ridges. 1872 J. Yeats 347 Dead-smooth files are..of so fine a cut that the unaided eye cannot discern the ridges. 1919 141 182 Defendant ran a snow-plow over its tracks after each snow storm which piled the snow in a hard ridge along each side of the track. 1972 M. J. Ursin 68 (caption) The ribbed mussel is easily identified by the sharp ridges running the length of the shell. 1996 A. Walker & P. Shipman iv. 61 The back or tongue-side surface of the teeth had a ridge along the gumline. the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > quality of being raised or elevated > raised or elevated part > line, bank, or strip 1630 J. Smith vii. 12 On his shoulders were fixed a paire of great wings, compacted of Eagles feathers within a ridge of silver, richly garnished with gold and precious stones. 1726 J. Swift II. iv. i. 7 They had Beards like Goats, and a long ridge of Hair down their Backs. 1763 J. Mills IV. 364 The French vine-dressers..lay along that side of the vineyard..a ridge of dry litter. 1800 W. Wordsworth 31 The snow-white ridge Of carded wool which the old man had piled. 1852 H. B. Stowe I. xiv. 213 Deep blue eyes peered out upon him from behind some dusky cotton-bale, or..over some ridge of packages. 1878 T. H. Huxley (ed. 2) 168 A ridge of chalk runs across the island. 1934 A ridge of sand and gravel built up along the beach by wave action. 1968 A. K. Armah iii. 26 The tracks went over a small ridge of concrete and cement. 2007 J. LoCicero iii. x. 130 To hold your filling in place and prevent oozing, pipe a thick ridge of frosting around the outside edge. the world > life > the body > skin > protuberance > [noun] 1684 (Royal Soc.) 14 566 If any one will..survey the Palm of his Hand very well washed with a Ball; he may perceive..innumberable little Ridges, of equal bigness and distance, and every where running parallel one with another. 1779 W. Cruickshank 73 If one presses his finger about the middle in hot weather, or applies a ligature, the perspirable matter will be forced out at the pores on the tops of the fingers, in round drops, at regular distances, on the spiral ridges. 1842 XXII. 86/2 Each such ridge shows on its summit a little furrow dotted with minute apertures. 1866 VIII. 756/1 The cross grooves that intersect the ridges and papillæ on the hands and feet. 1892 F. Galton i. 1 Let no one despise the ridges on account of their smallness, for they are in some respects the most important of all anthropological data. 1920 E. Wallace xxviii. 220 Compare them!.. Line for line, ridge for ridge,..it is Milburgh's thumb-print. 1940 R. Morrish x. 89 The ridges (‘papillary’ ridges as they are called) are formed by the mouths of the ducts of the sweat-glands. 1966 C. R. Leeson & T. S. Leeson xiii. 250/1 Ridges are absent on the forehead, external ear, perineum, and scrotum. 2000 37 317/1 Finger ridge count is determined by drawing a line from the triradius..through the center of the finger print pattern and counting each ridge which crosses the line. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > mouth or type of > part of palate 1696 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel i. vi. 25 Those Ridges which in the Palats of young Horses are pretty high and plump, do by degrees diminish as they increase in Age. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) It is commonly in the third or fourth Ridge that the Farriers strike, in order to bleed a Horse whose Mouth is over heated. 1775 W. Kenrick & J. Murdoch tr. Comte de Buffon II. ii. ii. 392 We may also know..the age of a horse by the ridges of the palate, which are effaced in proportion to his age. ?1847 T. Brown 198 The palate, divided into ridges and bars. 1895 W. H. Carter viii. 170 If the horse is harassed by a very tight curb chain or strap pressing against his under jaw, or by a high port rasping the tender ridges of his palate, he cannot properly take the bit. 1910 S. Sisson 332 A central raphé (Raphé palati) divides the surface into two equal portions. Each of these presents about eighteen transverse curved ridges (Rugæ palatini) which have their concavity and their free edges directed backward. 1981 J. W. Evans v. 168 The hard palate, the upper part of the mouth, is a bony plate covered with a mucous membrane crossed by many ridges. Compounds C1. a. General use as a modifier (in sense 3a or related uses). See also ridge piece n., ridge pole n., ridge tile n., ridge tree n. (a) 1578 J. Banister i. f. 17v (margin) The composition of the Vertebres compared to the ridgbeame of a shippe. 1798 P. J. Laborie i. 16 Two forked stakes, twelve or fifteen feet high, sunk three feet into the ground, support a ridge beam. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1939/1 Ridge-beam, a beam at the upper ends of the rafters beneath the ridge. 1987 O. S. Card (1988) vi. 36 Right up against the building, most of the men were tying ropes to the north half of the ridgebeam. 1770 C. Varlo I. vi. 106 A ridge board..must go across the middle of the house, and support the middle of the spars, in order to strengthen them. 1881 F. Young §970 The rafters may abut after the manner of rafters against the ridge-board or pole of a span roof. 1993 (new ed.) iii. 122/2 Pitched (sloping) roofs comprise angled rafters fixed to a ridge board. 1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in II. 387 Roofing, the ridge-cap of thatched roofs. 1852 1 May 1/5 (advt.) Nails, Wire, Ridge Cap, Gas and Water Pipes. 2007 (Nexis) 4 Nov. 12 He was almost killed when the moving vehicle dragged him up the roof, over the ridge cap, down the other side and onto the driveway. 1799 E. Hasted (ed. 2) VIII. 228 At the west end is a square tower, having a tiled ridge roof on it, which disfigures the rest of the building much. 1883 T. F. Hardwich & J. T. Taylor (ed. 9) xv. 299 Many operators prefer to work in what is called a ridge-roof studio. 1992 R. Castleden 79 The house was 7.5m by 4.7m in plan and had a gabled ridge roof carried on a ridge pole. 1833 J. C. Loudon 1130/1 Ridge-spikes, nails with broad heads for fastening on lead. 1990 A. Goldhammer tr. IV. iii It gave rise to bastard creations with pent roofs and huge gables supported by braces, ridge spikes, and..an indescribable belvedere. 1535 Ezek. xlvi. 23 There went a rygge wall rounde aboute them all foure. 1885 3 51 That each ridge wall terminated an antefix is more than probable. 1919 23 162 We did not mean to imply that the grills were fastened into a round cover tile,..but that they were built into a ridge wall against which the roof tiles abutted. 2011 M. Sato tr. N. Kondo et al. iii. 183 The ridge wall cultivation technique involves planting two rows of strawberry plants on each raised bed so that fruits are set on the slopes of the ridge. (b) 1688 R. Holme iii. xiii. 470/1 A Tower covered, or Arched over; which is always taken to be Round Roofed, if it be otherwise Covered then to be mentioned, whither it be Ridg Roofed, Spiral Roofed, Square Roofed, or Sexagon Roofed. 1872 28 Oct. 10/1 A stretch of rough arable, with a ridge-roofed farmhouse and buildings in the hollow. 1963 H. N. Savory in I. L. Foster & L. Alcock iii. 34 A small rectangular, ridge-roofed house. 2005 (Nexis) 17 Feb. 23 Mrs C McNeile wants to move the structure from one part of the garden at Turleigh House to another, with the ridge-roofed structure being repositioned by a matter of yards. b. (In sense 5). See also ridge and furrow at sense 5d.1799 A. Macmillan tr. I. 38 The sword flew thence, a ridge breadth, o'er the land. a1860 J. Younger (1881) xxiii. 295 I have sat behind a low hedge for an imagined long space of time,..keeping little George down and quiet, watching that bull grazing a ridge-breadth or two in the field on the opposite side. 1894 H. J. Webb & J. Lister ii. i. 283 The first line..set out is one ridge breadth (5 or 5½ yards) from the hedge. 1967 W. E. Tate ii. 37 Pace out the ridge breadth in yards, from crest to crest, or better, from furrow to furrow. 1789 J. Adam I. iii. 224 The common ridge-furrows should be slid out with a double mould-board plough. 1866 15 Mar. 82/3 In some cases, where the land is ridged, and heavily manured in the ridge furrow, the rows may be 30 inches apart, which will admit a cultivator between them. 2004 N. F. Gray (ed. 2) 831 The sludge is allowed to flow down the ridge furrows and by using earth stops, it overflows and floods different sections of the ploughed field. 1770 A. Young I. ii. i. 299 Harrowed in three pecks of the same seed with common ridge harrows. 1851 12 402 A triangular expanding ridge-harrow. 1953 2 July 7/4 (advt.) Flex. Ridge Harrow, 5½ ft. single section, leaves set to six angles. 1830 11 Sept. 1/2 Important Agricultural and Stock Sale, at Dennington... The First Day's Sale comprises..3 gangs of iron and wood harrows, ridge hoe, beet drill, wheel chaff engine, 2 sets horse hoes. 1913 49/1 Ridge Hoes. 1993 22 One method used a combi-ridger with goose-foot coulter, ridge hoe and harrow. 1805 R. W. Dickson II. 687 In setting the plants out, in the ridge method, it is necessary to have them placed in lines as regularly as possible. 1919 No. 1064. 27 On heavy cold soil the depth should not be more than 3 or 4 inches if level culture is to be practiced, or 2 or 3 inches if the ridge method is followed. 1999 T. A. Taku xvii. 232 Cultivation using soil mounds tends to be best for soils that are high in clay content and have restricted drainage, whereas the ridge method is used on slopes to prevent soil erosion. 1765 G. Culley Jrnl. 24 Nov. in M. Culley & G. Culley (2002) 46 We saw an improvement to hoe turneps with a ridge plow. a1877 E. H. Knight III. 1939/1 Ridge-plow, a double mold-board plow, used in throwing land into ridges for certain kinds of crops. 1911 G. B. Kershaw xii. 214 The ridge plough will plough either deep or shallow, and leaves very little waste land. 2006 (Nexis) 25 Mar. (Gardening section) 5 Forward and reverse gears and a range of attachments, including a scythe, mower and ridge plough. 1818 W. Cobbett i. ii. 106 The ridge-sowing method, or..the broad-cast method. 1905 31 207 Had I returned to the district I had intended to have tried sowing seeds of different species..and to have continued the experiment of ridge sowing on the plain areas on a larger scale. 1995 (Nexis) 11 Oct. Ridge sowing or planting is the only way to obtain earlier crops in cold, wet soil. 1764 J. Randall ii. 46 The surfaces of ridge work are..much finer than the surface of common fallowing. 1807 A. Young I. 371 Mr. Kemp..has drilled turnips..in the Northumberland method of ridge-work. 1986 O. Rackham viii. 168 It has been possible in at least seventeen places..to compare maps..with the soil-marks left by destroyed ridgework. c. (In sense 4a). (a) 1787 3 262/1 He sprung into his saddle with a single bound, and rode off at full speed towards the ridge road. 1817 4 185 I have returned by the ridge road. 1907 Dec. 785/1 We were in the woods by this, mounting to the ridge road, and the horse was walking. 2004 K. Larsen 12 Route 6 is a ridge road, too high and too exposed for comfort when the storm began. 1882 M. J. B. Baddeley 89 The ridge walk from Mam Tor to Back Tor and Lose Hill is perhaps the pleasantest hill excursion in Derbyshire. 1940 W. A. Poucher 43 Their proximity to the Buttermere Valley makes the western end of these ridges equally approachable, and incidentally very fine ridge walks either way. 2007 Feb. 25/1 It's an airy ridge-walk that leads you to a high top between the wild Blackmount range and the Lake-District-sized emptiness of Rannoch Moor. (b) 1964 31 Dec. 2/5 Joe Thornton, Klamath National Forest supervisor, ridge-hopped through storm breaks in a small helicopter. 1973 C. Bonington xviii. 247 The twin-engined Fokker Friendship ridge-hops over the tree-covered tentacles of the great peaks. 2004 D. S. Heintzelman 81/1 They migrate over a broad front and ridge-hop southward to the Kittatinny. d. (In senses relating to the ridges or lines on the hands; cf. sense 6c). 1900 E. R. Henry i. 47 These abrupt beginnings and endings, islands, bifurcations, etc., are known as ridge characteristics. 1954 F. Cherrill vii. 75 The incriminating impressions of the ridge characteristics of a fragment of his palm. 2002 19 July 340/2 There is a vanishingly small statistical likelihood that some set of ridge characteristics..on a given fingerprint will be found in a random sample of the population. 1900 E. R. Henry ii. 81 It is only when the ridge count approaches the limit between I and O that greater accuracy is needed. 1970 P. Laurie ix. 200 These ridge-counts go in as well. 2000 37 319/1 While the females in this study did not exhibit any significant asymmetry in ridge count, it should be noted that the males in this study did. C2. 1649 W. Blith xiv. 79 If it be Lands & great Balkes together, then for the Lands Plough them as you please, that is, whether Ridge-Are [etc.]. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > Rhodesian ridgeback 1872 Apr. 663/2 She told me it was a ‘ridge-back’—a ‘jumping alligator’, a ‘sub-soiler’. 1937 10 Dec. 886/3 The ridge in the breed..is present in practically every Ridgeback puppy. 1977 P. C. Venter 51 A ridgeback yawned and got up from the polished door step. 2010 K. L. Seegers tr. D. Meyer i. 5 She ran towards the woman and her dog. It was big, a Ridgeback. 1855 Jan. 8/1 The compound, though not so high as the ridge bank to the north,..commands a front view of the river. 1945 C. Mann in B. James (1963) 72 The house they had on the ridge-bank was near the middle of the river bend. the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > mound > of specific shape 1927 14 202 The ‘Ridge Barrow’ has a central menhir; it is there now, and was..re-erected by Mr. Malan. 1951 (Ordnance Survey Prof. Papers No. 13) (ed. 3) 15 The whole affair, which belonged to Neolithic times, was..interpreted as an eccentric form of long barrow to which the term ‘ridge barrow’ has been applied. 1963 (Ordnance Surv.) (ed. 4) 28 A variant of the earthen long barrow which seems to be confined at present to Dorset is the so-called ‘ridge-barrow’ which was found during the excavation of Maiden Castle near Dorchester. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > backband 1757 J. Muller iv. 189 Ridge chain with hook and loop. 1814 I. vii. 590 The ridge chain, which supports the weight of a cart over the back of the shaft horse in a cart. 1903 W. H. Evans in (1904) V. 104/1 [Berks.] Take care how you throws the rudjtin over. 1968 J. Arnold 164 This..left the wagoner free to throw the ridge~chain over the back-pad. the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > crest of 1848 8 110 There is an elaborate ridge-crest to the chancel. 1868 R. F. Burton Let. 20 Oct. in (1870) viii. 212 The flying artillery could change position about the ridge-crest. 1963 L. F. Chitty in I. L. Foster & L. Alcock vii. 179 From Onibury, the general trend of the way is clear, but its actual line is partly problematical: there is no longer an extended ridge-crest to give it definition. 1977 A. Hallam 97/3 The mean depth below the water surface of the world's ridge crests is 2700 m (8775 ft). 2005 (Nexis) 18 Sept. i21 Using a 1910 photo of the house, he replicated its original lacy ridge-crest. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > fruits as vegetables > [noun] > cucumber > types of the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > cucumber > cucumber plant 1830 10 111 I likewise use it for ridge cucumbers, vegetable marrow, and New Zealand spinach. 1881 S. Wood 43 They [sc. sashes] may then, if necessary, be taken down, and laid on pits or frames for ridge cucumber or late melon growing. 1933 H. H. Thomas 257/2 The plants must be grown out in a greenhouse or frame, with the exception of the Ridge Cucumber and the Gherkin, which can be grown out of doors in summer. 2006 A. Nilsen & J. Wright 283 Choose..between the long, slender glasshouse cucumber and the shorter, thicker ridge cucumber which has more seeds. 1821 15 Sept. 254 The soil shall be wrought without raising into ridge drills in the usual way. 1841 2 p. cv To Richard Hornsby, of Spittlegate, near Grantham, for his Turnip and Manure Ridge-Drill, 10 sovs. 2002 in H. C. Buechler & J.-M. Buechler vi. 162 We have new plows, new ridge-drills, and new manure spreaders. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1939/1 Ridge-fillet, 1. (Architecture), the fillet between two channels of a pillar. 2. (Founding), the runner or principal channel. 1882 69 198 The lead was not clenched, but rounded on an oval ridge fillet... The wind got beneath that edge. 1977 C. M. Harris 456/2 Ridge fillet, a fillet between two depressions, as between two flutes of a column. 1744 W. Ellis Jan. ii. 36 By this Plough, the Wheat is not in so much Danger of being buried in this Ridge-form, as it is when plowed in by a single Plough. 1805 R. W. Dickson I. Pl. 31 A white-thorn hedge,..cut..in the ridge form, or broad at bottom and narrow at the top. 1897 29 25 We will speak of those mountains having the ridge form as the Appalachian type. 1991 K. J. Crossen in J. B. Anderson & G. M. Ashley viii. 128 They are interpreted as forming in ice-contact subaqueous environments, with possible ice advance further defining the ridge form. 1603 J. Savile sig. Aiv The high-way to the first court..contayning in breadth three rods, which amount to some fifteene yards, in fashion made like a high ridge land. ?1720 7 Having Ploughed your Ground into Ridge Lands, as for Corn or Pease, rake your Roots. 1745 W. Ellis II. July 39 The Waters that might otherwise lie on their ploughed Ridge-lands, and damage or perish the Corn that grows on them. 1832 E. Ruffin xvi. 179 The line for either of these routes must necessarily be located on poor ridge land, now perfectly worthless. 1920 Sept. 225 Many ridge lands are being cropped that should not be under plow. 2004 Spring 74/1 The Windmill ridge lands encompass an uncommon dry-oak hickory hornbeam natural community. 1886 J. Ferres 138 ‘Queensland Ironwood’ or ‘Ridge Myrtle’. 1889 J. H. Maiden 276 Melaleuca genistifolia,..‘Ridge Myrtle’. Called ‘Ironwood’ in Queensland. 1905 12 346 Among the plants from which sweet scented and other oils may be obtained are the..ridge myrtle, tea-tree, native peppermint, dogwood and turmeric. 1975 G. Wilson Index 89/1 Melaleuca decora (syn. M. genistifolia), lronwood or Ridge Myrtle. 1703 No. 3945/4 A black Cart Gelding..with..a ridge Nose. 1857 H. A. Murray (ed. 2) xxvi. 388 I beheld a man with a keen Hebrew eye, an Alleghany ridge nose, and a chin like the rounded half of a French roll. 1994 J. H. Hallas ix. 193 With the island position effectively blinded, five LVT(A)s mounting 75 mm guns churned out into the channel and clambered up on the reef about 300 yards due north of the ridge nose. 1819 F. Renick Jrnl. in (1956) 30 178/2 The land we pass'd over this day is generally prairie of about the same quality of those last described except the Ridge prairie—this is a high rolling prairie.] 1868 A. H. Worthen III. ix. 146 The prairies are therefore of two classes—those that are a little elevated and rather level near the lower course of the streams, and more elevated and rolling prairies on the higher ridges. The latter are the so-called ‘ridge prairies’. 1960 41 80/2 In one quadrant on a ridge prairie dropseed composed 97% of the vegetation. 1987 65 2411 The drier, sandy ridge prairies often border drier oak forests and are much less common and more restricted in size, compared with the wetter prairies. eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 28 Spondilia, hrycrib. 1835 R. Willis vii. 84 The ridge rib commonly extends to the walls or bounding arches. 1879 S. Baring-Gould II. 355 English architects alone used the ridge rib, running the whole length of the church and uniting the keys. 1998 R. G. Calkins xvii. 258 The exceedingly lengthy structure has the longest continuous ridge rib in England. 1772 C. Rawlinson 4 The ridge-roll of wood, let down the thickness of the capping-slates over each rafter, bedded in cement, and nailed to the rafters through the centre of the ridge-roll. 1833 J. C. Loudon §1301 The ridge roll (a piece over which the lead is turned on ridges and hips). 1944 D. E. Warland viii. 115 A wood ridge roll is fixed to the top edge of the ridge board, the slating brought up to it, and the sheet lead is dressed over the slates and the roll. 2000 M. Kairamo in S. J. Kelley et al. 146 The wood to be installed in 1995 for boards, ridge roll, and crest, was chosen in the autumn and felled during the next winter. the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [noun] the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > mountain or prairie farmer 1904 14 Dec. So next morning he tells Tony and me to mount our ridge runner, for he wanted us to ride the river bottom and get that bunch of broom-tails. 1916 J. L. B. Taylor 398 Ridge runner, a mountaineer. 1927 5 476 Ridge runner, a derisive term for the mountaineer, as contrasted with the valley farmer. Implies ignorance or stupidity. 1947 A. M. Trout 9 While strolling through the woods one day with my friend, Bill Curry, a ridge runner from London, in Laurel County, we came upon a large bunch of hogs. a1979 B. D'J. Pancake (1983) 139 But the best fun came when a Cabell County deputy was on his way to summons some ridge runner to court for not sharing his liquor revenues with the state. 2005 J. MacGregor i. 30 The ridgerunners built faster and faster cars..and pretty soon the woody piedmont was full of..corn likker. 1833 7 Jan. (advt.) Three pair of stout Iron Axles, New Traces and Ridge Stays. 1908 T. H. Holding xxiii. 290 The main ridge stay should be doubled under to form a loop into which a guy is rove or looped. 1925 July 79 (caption) Front ridge stay. 1957 H. Hall (new ed.) 106/2 Ridge-stay is an iron yoke with a chain at each end for tip carts etc. where the unbalanced load may at times be considerable. the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well > frame round top of > stone for society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > for roofing > specific pieces of 1694 in J. A. Picton (1883) I. 320 Some ridg stones may be sett round the mouth of the well. 1788 W. Marshall I. 138 In this country where freestone..abounds, ridge stones are in common use. 1829 S. Glover I. 91 At Pentrich common quarry, ridge stones are prepared, sawed out like an angular trough. 1990 J. Ashurst in J. Ashurst & F. D. Dimes II. i. 30/2 The roof is finished with ridge stones. the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > undersea ridge 1819 13 483 The first field into which Mr. Coke led the company of horsemen, exhibited the operation of hoeing, under the ridge system. 1870 L. U. Reavis (ed. 2) 48 The city is built geographically on the ends or termination of this ridge system. 1954 F. Cherrill vii. 69 The patterns on the ends of the fingers are simply a culmination of the ridge system which covers the whole of the palmar surface of the hands. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. xxi. 302/2 Such volcanoes are mostly found along the ridge systems, particularly in the Atlantic. 2000 33 100 The agricultural system of the Shona was dominated by a semi-permanent ridge system of wet land farming. 1794 D. Steel I. 177 Ridge Tackle is composed of a double block and a single block, strapped with an eye: it is used to suspend the awning in the middle. 1994 T. Lenfestey & T. Lenfestey 370/1 The ridge tackle is the tackle used to suspend an awning in the middle. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > tent > [noun] > other types of tent 1846 I. 216 With a squad of four men, these blankets could be thus secured to their muskets, crossed, so as to form a small ridge tent. 1913 J. F. M. H. Stone xiv. 125 The tent I have the most liking for..is the type known as ‘ridge tent’, ‘patrol tent’, or ‘emigrant tent’. 1999 Apr. 7/1 (advt.) There's a great selection of easily-erected family frame tents, domes and ridge tents. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > tile > [noun] > for roofing > for ridge the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > crest of 1761 T. Arnold (new ed.) 566/2 Förstziegeln, Ridge-Top or Corner-Tiles. 1832 W. Scott ii. 485 In the year 1817, the summit of the range called ‘The Ridge Top’, on the road from Stourbridge to Bridgnorth, was reduced in height more than eight feet.] 1849 A. Harris III. xi. 211 He was thinking of meeting with the young lady on the level of the ridge-top rather than on the steep descent. 1877 J. Bryce i. 35 Looking from one of these billowy ridge-tops across the vast expanse. 1995 July 14/2 Buffeted by the wind, limber pines cling tenuously to ridgetops and the steep upper slopes of the Rockies in Alberta. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [adjective] > wool 1592–3 Act 35 Eliz. c. 10 in (1819) IV. ii. 859 Everye rawe Devonshire Kersey..beinge a rudge washe Kersey, that is to saye, beinge made of Fleece Wooll wasshed only on the Sheepes Backe, and the Wooll not being clensed washed and scowred after it is shorne and before it is woven.] 1811 T. E. Tomlins V. 535 Ridge-washed kersey, kersey cloth made of fleece wool, washed only on the sheep's back. Derivatives 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins ii. xi. §3. 279 A Sepiment..Ridge-like of Earth: or Furrow-like in the Earth. 1758 W. Borlase ii. 6 The hilly, narrow, ridge-like form of our County. 1788 W. Marshall II. 63 The growing practice seems to be that of laying them in long ridge-like heaps upon the surface of arable ground. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Introd. p. xxvi A few..whose ample foreheads, with the weighty bar, ridge-like, above the eyebrows, bespoke observation. 1881 St. G. Mivart 242 A small, ridge-like prominence. 1907 J. W. Goldthwait iii. 64 The railroad cuts through a long ridge-like deposit of coarse gravels. 1996 C. Frankel viii. 156 Other terrains on Venus show ridge-like features. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ridgen.2 Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.It has been speculated that this word may represent a specific use of ridge n.1, with allusion to the milled edges of certain gold coins (as e.g. the guinea), intended to deter clipping or filing. slang (originally cant). Now rare ( U.S. in later use). society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > (a) gold coin society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > a coin 1667 R. Head & F. Kirkman (rev. ed.) I. i. iv. 51 Ridge-cully, a Goldsmith. 1718 C. Hitchin 19 Ridge, alias Gold. 1796 (ed. 3) Ridge, a guinea. 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in II. 201 Ridge, gold, whether in coin or any other shape..; a cly-full of ridge, a pocketfull of gold. 1834 W. H. Ainsworth II. iii. v. 346 My thimble of ridge [= gold watch]. 1916 J. Findlater Little Tinker in M. Findlater & J. Findlater 46 Ye may gie the bairn tae the leddy for a rij (a sovereign) an' we're aff Aberfeldy wye. 1931 Oct. 29 Ridge, a gold coin of any denomination. 1935 10 13/2 Chink, metal money; loose change. (Obs.) Modern ridge, coin. 1955 No. 24. 78 Pockets were actually picked for metal coins—ridge or smash. Compounds society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > worker in gold or silver > goldsmith 1667Ridge-cully [see main sense]. 1870 5 Mar. 322/1 Supposing a rattling mumper (a coach beggar) should officiously help a ridge cully (a goldsmith) as he extricated himself from his sedan-chair. 1848 Oct. 316 Ridge, gold... Ridge thimble, a gold watch. 1865 106/2 No wonder those mean lazy hulks furnish themselves with..‘ridge thimbles’ and ‘spark fawneys’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ridgeadj. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ridge n.2 Australian slang. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] 1938 E. Partridge (ed. 2) 1026/2 Ridge, adj., good; valuable: Australian. 1953 K. Tennant i. 4 ‘It's ridge, Hec,’ she assured him. ‘He won't come here again.’ 1971 D. Ireland vii. 130 I convinced her the whole thing was ridge! 1978 H. C. Baker 166 Within seventy miles we heard (and that was supposed to be ‘ridge’—direct from the ship's officers). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ridgev.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ridge n.1 Etymology: < ridge n.1 Compare post-classical Latin riggiare (1380 in a British source), riggare (1450, 1459 in British sources) to provide (a building) with a roof ridge.An Old English hrycigende occurs as a gloss to post-classical Latin resulcans , lit. ‘driving a furrow across again’ (Prudentius Peristephanon 5. 144), and has been interpreted as showing earlier currency of ridge v.; hence the lemma hrycigan in Bosworth-Toller with the gloss ‘to plough into ridges’. However, the context has to do with the reopening of a wound by torturers, and the word is rather an example of hrīcian to cut open (see H. D. Meritt Old Eng. Prudentius Glosses (1959) 75). As at ridge n.1, it is difficult to tell from their form alone whether Middle English and early 16th-cent. forms such as ryge , rigge , etc. indicate pronunciation with an affricate or a plosive, which presents difficulties in assigning such instances to either this word or rig v.1; see note at ridge n.1 for an explanation of the principle that has been applied here. The β. forms (characteristic of the south-east) show unrounding and lowering of y to e (compare γ. forms at ridge n.1). society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > roof > provide rooftop with edge or coping 1445 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1876) App. 528 in (C. 1432) XL. 1 Paid William Brownflet for rygyng..the house with turfs, situate in the churchyard, 3d. 1496 (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/11) f. 21 Where as the Roffe of the body of the said Churche is now Rigged wt Rigge tile, I will that it be rigged wt leede as the Chauncell is. 1595 in S. O. Addy (1888) 328 That the copyholders of this manor shall..moss and ridgg the west end of the mylne. 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine xv. xxvii. 569 The fittest forme for to keepe of the rayne and weather, was to bee ridged downe a proportioned descent from the toppe downeward. 1686 R. Plot iii. 115 As in Oxfordshire..they use it [sc. turf] frequently to ridg and head their meaner houses. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (intransitive)] > throw up ridges the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > throw up ridges ?1530 J. Fitzherbert (rev. ed.) f. xviiv Rydge [?1523 rige] vp the remenaunt of the lande. 1548 H. Latimer sig. A.vv Nowe rydginge them vp a gaine, with the gospel and wyth the promyses of Gods fauoure. 1677 R. Plot 239 Ridging it up twice or thrice for every casting tilth. 1731 J. Tull 100 The Soil is equally rich, whether it be ploughed plain or ridged up. 1778 Feb. 67 The earth was ridged up with a plough to the Potatoes near a foot high. 1785 W. Cowper vi. 245 An eye As fixt as marble, with a forehead ridged And furrow'd into storms. 1805 R. W. Dickson I. 366 The land may be again ridged up by means of the plough. 1860 R. F. Burton in 29 397 The fields are neatly ridged with the hoe. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 248 in (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The safest course is to ridge before the 10th of November. 1903 Mar. 266 Very heavy land ought to be ridged with the plough. 1922 21 Oct. 13/4 Each strip is then ridged up separately. 1995 25 Nov. 21/1 This was trenched originally but now, once the crops have been cleared, all I do is ridge up using a hoe to allow the frost to penetrate as deeply as possible. the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > ridge the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (reflexive)] > form ridges 1671 J. Milton 1137 Bristles..like those that ridge the back Of chaf't wild Boars. View more context for this quotation 1786 J. Delap i. 10 Know then, poor stranger, that this northern part Of Caledonia, ridged with rocky hills, Is Morven called. 1792 C. Dibdin II. iv. ix. 265 A kind of irregular valley, tremendously ridged with rocks on each side, and sloping towards the sea. 1816 L. Hunt i. 204 The branching veins ridging the glossy lean. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nights iv, in 50 A motion from the river won Ridged the smooth level. 1880 J. Legge 262 The placid sea may ridge itself in mountains. 1915 W. L. Comfort vii. 83 She wanted to know about the shells and waves, what ridged the sand, and what the deep part of the Lake was paved with. 1960 A. MacLean ii. 26 Holding on with both hands to the table fixed to the seat in front: tautened tendons ridged the back of his thin white hands. 1996 V. Gornick v. 132 The poet sat back, a finger ridging his temple, his boiled eyes watching me, giving me no help at all. 4. Horticulture. the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > plant out > in ridges or hotbeds 1727 S. Switzer ii. xi. 75 When the sun begins to get strength, you may safely ridge out your first crop of melons. 1731 P. Miller I. at Cucumis The common Allowance for ridging out the earliest Plants, is one Load to each..Hole. 1786 J. Abercrombie 31 To have a proper supply for ridging or planting into large hot-beds. 1833 Feb. 73 In the original way of ridging out the plants when small, it is well known that they often lost their bottom roots. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 248 in (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The young plants make a more uniform growth when ridged. 1918 469 There is a difference of opinion as to the best method of laying by potatoes. We have an idea that ridging them is the best. Others say level cultivation is the best. 2006 T. Petherick & M. Eclare ii. 29 It is these three who ridge and ridge the crop again. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > turn over > cover by turning over 1819 F. Butler 82 The practice of ridging in stubble and its undergrowth, immediately after harvest, may be accounted good husbandry. 1827 H. Steuart (1828) 496 The practice usually is, to dig in Farm-yard Dung..; or sometimes to ridge in the dung. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 422 in (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The dressings were sown..in drills, which were then ridged in. the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > rise in ridges ?1734 ‘Pilgrim Plowden’ 39 High arise His even shoulders, ridging slender up. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in 29 The Biscay, roughly ridging eastward, shook And almost overwhelm'd her. 1891 G. Meredith III. x. 194 Dartrey's forehead ridged with his old fury. 1899 Jan. 9 The veins ridged up upon his forehead. 1904 242 In my method it ridges up a little, but not a great deal. 2004 73 69 My elbow on the armrest between us, fingers ridging up into either my right or my left temple. the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > ridge > arrange in ridges a1854 Ld. Cockburn (1856) iv. 257 It ran over the sky lines of people ridged on all the buildings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1eOE n.21667 adj.1938v.1445 |
