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单词 rhomb
释义

rhombn.

Brit. /rɒm(b)/, U.S. /rɑm(b)/
Forms: 1500s rombe, 1600s–1700s rhombe, 1600s romb, 1600s roumb, 1600s– rhomb, 1700s–1800s rumb.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rhombe; Latin rhombus.
Etymology: < Middle French, French rhombe (1505 denoting a fish, 1536 in geometry, 1564 denoting a spinning top) and its etymon classical Latin rhombus rhombus n. With sense 1a compare also Spanish rombo (16th cent.), Italian rombo (14th cent.). With sense 3 compare also Old Occitan rom (13th cent.), romp , rombo (both 15th cent.), Spanish rombo (16th cent.), Italian rombo (15th cent.). Compare slightly earlier rhombus n.
I. A geometrical shape (and related senses).
1.
a. Geometry. = rhombus n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > quadrilateral > lozenge, diamond, or rhomb
lozenge?a1366
mascle1453
diamond1496
lozenger1527
rhombus?a1560
rhomb1578
romby1592
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > quadrilateral > rhombus
like-side1551
lozenge1551
rhombus?a1560
rhomboid1570
rhomboides1570
rhomb1578
1578 T. Ellis True Rep. Last Voy. Meta Incognita sig. Bvjv We builded a litle house..& garnished it with many kindes of trifles, as Pinnes, Pointes, Laces, Glasses, Rombes.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶4 The semibriefe was at the first framed like a triangle..but..it grew afterward to the figure of a rombe or loseng.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 308 See how in warlike muster they appear, In Rhombs and wedges, and half moons, and wings. View more context for this quotation
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 26 If they would..praise the Beauty of a Woman or any other Animal, they describe it by Rhombs, Circles,..and other Geometrical Terms.
1818 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (ed. 3) I. xv. 489 The great angles of the rhombs should be 109° 26′, and of the small angles 70° 34′.
1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 35 The more amply imbricated tile-like rhombs of the Dipterians and Palaeonisci.
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species viii. 225 Each cell..is an hexagonal prism, with the basal edges of its six sides bevelled so as to join on to a pyramid, formed of three rhombs.
1908 Daily Chron. 16 July 3/2 The trey of diamonds which exhibits three rhombs on one card.
1997 P. Arthur & R. Ling Insula of Menander at Pompeii I. ii. 158 Pieces of coloured marbles (triangles of cipollino and rhombs of palombino).
b. Palaeontology. = pore rhomb n. at pore n.1 Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1848 E. Forbes in Mem. Geol. Surv. 2 ii. 485 Certain curious organs or appendages connected with the plates, to which the name of pectinated rhombs may be appropriately given.
1866 Mem. Geol. Surv. 3 284 The rhombs and pores on the surface are hardly less remarkable characters, and in the form they assume peculiar to the group.
1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) ix. 294/2 Rhombiferans may have exo- or endothecal pore structure always arranged in parallel sets with a rhomb-shaped contour. Each rhomb crosses a plate boundary.
2.
a. Crystallography. A rhombohedron; a rhombohedral crystal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > specific crystal forms > [noun] > rhombohedron
rhomb1685
rhomboid1753
rhombohedron1814
1685 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis (new ed.) iii. 310 A Rhomb of Muscovy-Glass. This Stone is by most called Selenites. By some Mariæ Glacies.
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 28 Neither have we yet seen a perfect Sparry Rhomb in Cornwall.
1815 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. (ed. 2) iii. 48 Calcareous stalactites..cleave into regular rhombs.
1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light §419 When a small aperture through which light passes is regarded through a rhomb of Iceland spar two apertures are seen.
1929 W. F. Foshag in G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky ii. ii. 174 Calcite may be found as flat or steep rhombs, as prisms, or steep pyramidal forms.
1990 Protein Engin. 4 114/1 The crystals are large orange rhombs.
b. Fresnel's rhomb n. see Fresnel n. 1.
3. A kind of flatfish; = rhombus n. 1a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Scophthalmidae (turbot) > genus or member of Scophthalmus > scophthalmus maximus (turbot)
buttc1300
turbotc1300
sprent1324
breta1475
birt1552
sea pheasant1633
rhomb1720
brat1760
rodden fluke1793
king-fluke1895
1720 J. Strype tr. in Stow's Survey of London (rev. ed.) II. v. xxvii. 366/2 [Translating a statute of c1274 for buying fish] A Piece of Rumb, gross and fat, for 4d.
1785 W. Crakelt Entick's New Spelling Dict. (rev. ed.) 321 Rhomb, a quadrangular figure, wheel, fish.
1790 T. Pennant Of London 293 I confess myself unacquainted with the words Barkey, Bran, and Betule:..I am equally at a loss about Croplings, and Rumb.
4. Conchology. = rhomb-shell n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > family Volutidae > member of
musical-shell1666
music shell1666
rhomb-shell?1711
rhomb1815
1815 E. J. Burrow Elements Conchol. 200 Porphyria, Large clouded Rhomb or Camp Olive. Oliva, Yellow Rhomb; Olive... Paupercula, Zebra Rhomb.
1822 J. Mawe Wodarch's Introd. Study of Conchol. (ed. 2) 87 [Voluta] paupercula (Zebra Rhomb).
II. An object that revolves.
5. An object that revolves or spins, as a spinning wheel, a reel, a whorl, a top, etc.; (Ancient History) such an object used for magical purposes. Obsolete.In quot. 1667 in extended use, referring to the rotation of the earth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle
rondelc1300
roundelc1300
circlec1305
compass1340
rondelet1385
cerne1393
burrc1440
orba1460
O1492
O1531
circular1575
rotundo1614
rhomb1656
circumference1667
1656 T. Blount Glossographia [after Cotgr.] Rhomb, a Spinning Wheel, Reel, or Whirle.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 134 That swift Nocturnal and Diurnal rhomb suppos'd, Invisible else above all Starrs, the Wheele of Day and Night. View more context for this quotation
1697 Abell in J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ iv. x. 269 [Translating Ovid Amores i. viii. 7–8] She knows the Vertue of each Herb to move The latent Seeds of a coy Lady's Love, She knows the Rhomb, what Feats in Magick are From th' pois'nous Issue of a lustfull Mare.
1785 W. Crakelt Entick's New Spelling Dict. (rev. ed.) 321 Rhomb, a quadrangular figure, wheel, fish.
1846 F. Ringwood Select. Theocritus, Bion, & Moschus Gloss. p. xcviii Whatever may have been the exact method of its employment, ίνγξ [= iynx, a small bird] passed into the signification of a magic wheel or rhomb.

Compounds

C1.
rhomb-marked adj.
ΚΠ
1876 Proc. Zool. Soc. 829 1 Rhomb-marked Snake (Psammophylax rhombeatus).
2004 M. B. Keck in J. W. Gibbons & M. E. Dorcas N. Amer. Watersnakes 140/1 Local and regional names used for N[erodia] r. rhombifer include..North American rhomb-marked snake..and water snake.
rhomb-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. Q6 Rhombeum folium, a Rhombed or rhomb-shaped leaf.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 483 Petals rhomb-shaped.
1850 Ann. Hort. 210/1 The leaves are rhomb-shaped and glaucous.
1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms xi. 136 It diminishes at either end,..forming a rhomb-shaped area.
C2.
rhomb-dodecahedron n. Geometry = rhombododecahedron n. at rhombo- comb. form 2.
ΚΠ
1833 Abstr. Papers Royal Soc. 1815–30 2 229 Consider the cases of the irregular tetrahedron and octohedron, the triangular prism, and rhomb dodecahedron.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. 195 Diamond, gold, and electrum are among the substances that occur in rhomb-dodecahedra.
2006 W.Schumann Gemstones of World (ed. 3) 15 Pyrite is often found in the shape of a pentagon dodecahedron, garnet, as a rhomb-dodecahedron.
rhomb-porphyry n. [after German Rhombenporphyr (L. von Buch 1810, in the passage translated in quot. 1813)] Geology a porphyry (porphyry n. 3) containing feldspar phenocrysts with a rhombic cross-section.
ΚΠ
1813 J. Black tr. L. von Buch Trav. Norway & Lapland iii. 50 This very porphyry, with the singular rhombs of felspar, is by no means rare in the porphyry mountains... This porphyry may therefore be called rhomb-porphyry.
1895 L. Fletcher Introd. Study Rocks 104 A quartz-less division [of porphyries]..includes various rocks chemically allied to syenite; among them are..orthoclase-porphyries, rhomb-porphyries and keratophyres.
1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 17/3 This group of rocks also includes the rhomb-porphyrys of Norway which are so characteristic of that area that they are useful as indicators of glacial movement.
rhomb-shell n. Conchology Obsolete a gastropod mollusc whose shell is roughly cylindrical to biconic in shape; the shell itself; cf. rhombus n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > family Volutidae > member of
musical-shell1666
music shell1666
rhomb-shell?1711
rhomb1815
?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii VII.–VIII. Table 75 A White Indian Rhomb-shell finely speckled with black.
1815 E. J. Burrow Elements Conchol. 200 Voluta, Rhomb Shell or Cylinder.
1885 Longman's Mag. July 262 Bamboo-joint and capacious rhomb-shell..supplied him with congenial implements for drink and storage.
rhomb-solid n. Geometry Obsolete a solid figure formed by the revolution of a rhombus around a diagonal, comprising two equal right cones joined together at their bases; = rhombus-solid n. at rhombus n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > solid of revolution > formed from rhomb
rhomb-solid1704
rhombus-solid1795
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Rhombe Solid.
1815 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) II. Rhomb-solid, consists of two equal and right cones joined together at their bases.
1892 F. H. Teall Eng. Compound Words & Phrases 216/1 Rhomb-solid.
rhomb spar n. [compare German Rhomboidalspath (18th cent.)] Mineralogy Obsolete = dolomite n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > carbonates > [noun] > hexagonal > dolomite > varieties
pearl spar1793
miemite1804
rhomb spar1804
gurhofite1816
brown-spar1843
pennite1850
tharandite1850
kutnahorite1907
huntite1953
protodolomite1955
1804 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. I. 516 Calc Genus. Seventh Species. Rhomb-spar.
1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. 197 The names Rhomb spar and Bitter spar, have been applied to the perfectly crystallized specimens [of dolomite], excepting those with curved faces and a pearly lustre, which have been designated Pearl spar.
1898 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 37 117 The limestones in the bluffs..contain in the cavities of their fossils crystals of pyrite and rhomb spar.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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