† bestandv.

Forms: For forms see stand n.¹

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English bestanden = Old Saxon bistân (Du . bestaan ), Old High German bistân , pistantan (Middle High German bestân , bestên , modern German bestehen ), Gothic (and Germanic) bistandan , < bi- , be- prefix about + standan to stand.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To stand by or near; to stand over (in solicitude); esp. to stand by (the dead), to mourn for. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit mourning for [verb (transitive)]

bestandc1000

mourna1382

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lamentation or expression of grief for death > lament the death of [verb (transitive)]

bestandc1000

bewailc1300

mourna1382

wail1382

regratec1480

meana1522

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxiii. 2 Abraham hig bestod on þa ealdan wisan.

c1250 Owl & Night. 1438 He cumeþ and fareþ and beod and bid, And heo bistant [v.r. bistarte] and oversit.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3857 Ðor was moyses sister dead; Ðat folc..after wune faire hire bi-stod Wið teres.

2. To stand round in hostility; to beset, press hard upon, harass.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]

tawc893

ermec897

swencheOE

besetOE

bestandc1000

teenOE

baitc1175

grieve?c1225

war?c1225

noyc1300

pursuec1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

tribula1325

worka1325

to hold wakenc1330

chase1340

twistc1374

wrap1380

cumbera1400

harrya1400

vexc1410

encumber1413

inquiet1413

molest?a1425

course1466

persecutec1475

trouble1489

sturt1513

hare1523

hag1525

hale1530

exercise1531

to grate on or upon1532

to hold or keep waking1533

infest1533

scourge1540

molestate1543

pinch1548

trounce1551

to shake upa1556

tire1558

moila1560

pester1566

importune1578

hunt1583

moider1587

bebait1589

commacerate1596

bepester1600

ferret1600

harsell1603

hurry1611

gall1614

betoil1622

weary1633

tribulatea1637

harass1656

dun1659

overharry1665

worry1671

haul1678

to plague the life out of1746

badger1782

hatchel1800

worry1811

bedevil1823

devil1823

victimize1830

frab1848

mither1848

to pester the life out of1848

haik1855

beplague1870

chevy1872

obsede1876

to get on ——1880

to load up with1880

tail-twist1898

hassle1901

heckle1920

snooter1923

hassle1945

to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946

to bust (a person's) chops1953

noodge1960

monster1967

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)]

befong971

beclipc1000

begoc1000

belieOE

bestandc1000

to go about ——OE

umbegangc1200

behema1250

befallc1275

berunc1275

girdc1290

bihalvena1300

umlapa1300

umlaya1300

umlouka1300

umbegoc1300

belayc1320

halsea1340

enclose1340

umbelapa1350

embracec1360

betrendc1374

circlec1374

umbecasta1375

to give about1382

environa1393

umbeclipa1395

compassa1400

encircle?a1400

enourle?a1400

umbegivea1400

umbeseta1400

umbeliec1400

umbetighc1400

enroundc1420

measurec1425

umbsteadc1450

adviron?1473

purprise1481

umbeviron1489

belta1500

girtha1500

overgirda1500

engirt15..

envirea1513

round?a1513

brace1513

umbereach1513

becompass1520

circuea1533

girtc1540

umbsetc1540

circule1553

encompass1555

circulate?a1560

ingyre1568

to do about1571

engird1573

circumdate1578

succinge1578

employ1579

circuate1581

girdle1582

wheel1582

circumgyre1583

enring1589

ringa1592

embail1593

enfold1596

invier1596

stem1596

circumcingle1599

ingert1599

engirdle1602

circulize1603

circumscribe1605

begirt1608

to go round1610

enwheela1616

surround1616

shingle1621

encirculize1624

circumviron1632

beround1643

orba1644

circumference1646

becircle1648

incircuitc1650

circumcinge1657

circumtend1684

besiege1686

cincture1789

zone1795

cravat1814

encincture1820

circumvent1824

begirdle1837

perambulate1863

cordon1891

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) x. 24 Ða bestodon [c 1160 Hatton be-stoden] þa iudeas hyne utan.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15134 Swa bið a bar wilde..bi-stonden mid hunden.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 367 Stormes hem bistode.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 417 In all my life was I never thus bestood.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 466 He is full straitly bestood with a false traitor.

3. To surround, encompass (as a wall, water, etc.).

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11840 I þan ait-londe þat mid watere is bistonde.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8572 Ich what a wærc mid wundere bi-stonde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bestand
释义	† bestandv. Forms: For forms see stand n.¹ Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English bestanden = Old Saxon bistân (Du . bestaan ), Old High German bistân , pistantan (Middle High German bestân , bestên , modern German bestehen ), Gothic (and Germanic) bistandan , < bi- , be- prefix about + standan to stand. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To stand by or near; to stand over (in solicitude); esp. to stand by (the dead), to mourn for. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit mourning for [verb (transitive)] bestandc1000 mourna1382 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lamentation or expression of grief for death > lament the death of [verb (transitive)] bestandc1000 bewailc1300 mourna1382 wail1382 regratec1480 meana1522 c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxiii. 2 Abraham hig bestod on þa ealdan wisan. c1250 Owl & Night. 1438 He cumeþ and fareþ and beod and bid, And heo bistant [v.r. bistarte] and oversit. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3857 Ðor was moyses sister dead; Ðat folc..after wune faire hire bi-stod Wið teres. 2. To stand round in hostility; to beset, press hard upon, harass. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] tawc893 ermec897 swencheOE besetOE bestandc1000 teenOE baitc1175 grieve?c1225 war?c1225 noyc1300 pursuec1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 tribula1325 worka1325 to hold wakenc1330 chase1340 twistc1374 wrap1380 cumbera1400 harrya1400 vexc1410 encumber1413 inquiet1413 molest?a1425 course1466 persecutec1475 trouble1489 sturt1513 hare1523 hag1525 hale1530 exercise1531 to grate on or upon1532 to hold or keep waking1533 infest1533 scourge1540 molestate1543 pinch1548 trounce1551 to shake upa1556 tire1558 moila1560 pester1566 importune1578 hunt1583 moider1587 bebait1589 commacerate1596 bepester1600 ferret1600 harsell1603 hurry1611 gall1614 betoil1622 weary1633 tribulatea1637 harass1656 dun1659 overharry1665 worry1671 haul1678 to plague the life out of1746 badger1782 hatchel1800 worry1811 bedevil1823 devil1823 victimize1830 frab1848 mither1848 to pester the life out of1848 haik1855 beplague1870 chevy1872 obsede1876 to get on ——1880 to load up with1880 tail-twist1898 hassle1901 heckle1920 snooter1923 hassle1945 to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946 to bust (a person's) chops1953 noodge1960 monster1967 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] befong971 beclipc1000 begoc1000 belieOE bestandc1000 to go about ——OE umbegangc1200 behema1250 befallc1275 berunc1275 girdc1290 bihalvena1300 umlapa1300 umlaya1300 umlouka1300 umbegoc1300 belayc1320 halsea1340 enclose1340 umbelapa1350 embracec1360 betrendc1374 circlec1374 umbecasta1375 to give about1382 environa1393 umbeclipa1395 compassa1400 encircle?a1400 enourle?a1400 umbegivea1400 umbeseta1400 umbeliec1400 umbetighc1400 enroundc1420 measurec1425 umbsteadc1450 adviron?1473 purprise1481 umbeviron1489 belta1500 girtha1500 overgirda1500 engirt15.. envirea1513 round?a1513 brace1513 umbereach1513 becompass1520 circuea1533 girtc1540 umbsetc1540 circule1553 encompass1555 circulate?a1560 ingyre1568 to do about1571 engird1573 circumdate1578 succinge1578 employ1579 circuate1581 girdle1582 wheel1582 circumgyre1583 enring1589 ringa1592 embail1593 enfold1596 invier1596 stem1596 circumcingle1599 ingert1599 engirdle1602 circulize1603 circumscribe1605 begirt1608 to go round1610 enwheela1616 surround1616 shingle1621 encirculize1624 circumviron1632 beround1643 orba1644 circumference1646 becircle1648 incircuitc1650 circumcinge1657 circumtend1684 besiege1686 cincture1789 zone1795 cravat1814 encincture1820 circumvent1824 begirdle1837 perambulate1863 cordon1891 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) x. 24 Ða bestodon [c 1160 Hatton be-stoden] þa iudeas hyne utan. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15134 Swa bið a bar wilde..bi-stonden mid hunden. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 367 Stormes hem bistode. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 417 In all my life was I never thus bestood. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 466 He is full straitly bestood with a false traitor. 3. To surround, encompass (as a wall, water, etc.). ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11840 I þan ait-londe þat mid watere is bistonde. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8572 Ich what a wærc mid wundere bi-stonde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c1000
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