rigorousadj.

Brit.

/ˈrɪɡ(ə)rəs/, U.S.

/ˈrɪɡ(ə)rəs/

Forms: late Middle English regereus, late Middle English regerous, late Middle English rigorus, late Middle English rigoruse, late Middle English rigous (transmission error), late Middle English rigurous, late Middle English rigurows, late Middle English rigurowse, late Middle English rygerous, late Middle English rygoros, late Middle English rygorouse, late Middle English rygourouse, late Middle English–1500s rigerous, late Middle English–1500s rigorouse, late Middle English–1500s rygorous, late Middle English– rigorous, 1500s rygurus, 1500s–1600s rigourous, 1600s rigourest (superlative); Scottish pre-1700 regorous, pre-1700 regorus, pre-1700 regourous, pre-1700 regrous, pre-1700 regurous, pre-1700 rigerous, pre-1700 rigoros, pre-1700 rigorouse, pre-1700 rigorus, pre-1700 rigourous, pre-1700 rigurous, pre-1700 rigurus, pre-1700 rygorous, pre-1700 rygorus, pre-1700 1700s– rigorous.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French rigorous, rigoreux.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rigorous and Middle French rigoreux, rigoureux (French rigoureux ) inflexibly severe (c1330), severe, harsh, difficult to bear (a1374; 1640 of temperature) < rigour rigour n. + -ous , -eux -ous suffix. Compare post-classical Latin rigorosus severely cold (4th cent.), severe (from 14th cent. in British sources; from 15th cent. in continental sources), Old Occitan rigoros (1441), Catalan rigorós (14th cent.), Spanish rigoroso (14th cent.), Portuguese rigoroso (15th cent.), Italian rigoroso (a1535). Compare earlier rigour n., and also rigorousté n. and discussion at that entry.

a. Of a rule, action, judgement, etc.: characterized by extreme strictness; harsh or severe in effect or impact; rigid, unforgiving, cruel. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > extremely strict or rigorous

rigorousa1425

rigoriousc1515

Rhadamanthean1655

Lycurgan1846

a1425 Serm. (Royal) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) II. 346 [Bodl. Þis lawe..ȝif it be to] rigorous [Bodl. continues..shal ceesse on sutil maner].

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) 771 (MED) Lat mercy modefie rigerous correccioun.

a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum l. 305 in Poems (1899) 56 (MED) Correcte him sharpely with rigorous rage.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxv. 222 Fynde sum rygurus wordes to hym, & make as though ye were dyspleasyd with hym.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 9 Our well-dealing Countrimen..Haue seal'd his rigorous statutes with their blouds.

1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (vi. 6) ii. 30 They disgrace his Gospell: they persecute his members, and that in the sorest, and rigourest manner that they can.

1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne vii. 188 As the injunction itself is too rigorous, so the limitation is too ridiculous.

1678 S. Butler Ladies Answer to Knight in Hudibras: Third Pt. 283 Nor can the Rigorousest Course, Prevail, unless to make us worse.

1703 J. Moyle Experienced Chirurgion i. xli. 130 Let me advise you to take heed how you use a rigorous Method of Cure..till you are sure it is a Gangreen.

1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orations iii. 101 He is searching for the most rigorous precedents.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 54 The rigorous conditions of peace and pardon were accepted.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. ii. 35/2 My upbringing..was rigorous, too frugal, compressively secluded.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xiv. 162 He wanted a refuge from a standard disagreeably rigorous.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 2 July 2/1 In favour of a rigorous suppression policy.

1932 L. E. Lawes 20,000 Years in Sing Sing i. 27 Prison policies had no definite basis. One political boss advocated the harshest kind of discipline and the most rigorous routine, while the other insisted upon lenient rules and regulations.

1997 J. A. Lynn Giant of Grand Siècle 1998 iv. xii. 412 Even Vauban conceded that although rigorous punishment did not stop desertion , ‘it is certain that it intimidates many, who without this would swell the number [of deserters] even more’.

b. Of a person: imposing strict standards; treating or judging others harshly or severely; stringent, stern.

ΚΠ

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 7057 (MED) Kyng Eolus to rigerous was..And to vengable in his entencioun Ageyn his childre.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 773 (MED) A rigurous iuge..With hate and rancour doth his vertu dresse.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 229 Gif a king be a rigorous man, and wele sett to kepe law and justice, js nane sa grete, bot he will sare drede till offend him.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxiii. 162 There is a gyaunte bothe fyerce and rygorous That wyth his might shall hym soune overthrowe.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. vii. sig. M.v^v/1 Iehu a very iust, although a rigorous prince.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 175 Coming in by the Peoples favour, he was obleiged to be rather remisse then rigorous.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. 1 Tim. iii. 3 A Bishop must be..one that by lenity taketh all things in the best sense, and is not rigorous.

1776 D. Dalrymple Ann. Scotl. I. 148 Adam Bishop of Caithness, a rigorous exacter of Tithes.

1780 S. Johnson Let. 4 July (1992) III. 281 I..hope she will not be too rigorous with the young ones.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iv. viii. 465 His masters, though rigorous, were not unlovable to him.

1930 Proc. Amer. Philos. Assoc. 4 177 She was a rigorous and exacting teacher.

1999 L. Kennedy All in Mind Introd. p. xvi My editor..has proved a rigorous but fair and percipient taskmaster.

c. Of a season or climatic condition: harsh in its effects; causing difficulty or discomfort; hostile, severe, extreme; spec. bitterly cold.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements)

retheeOE

strongOE

stithc1100

snella1400

woodc1400

outrage?a1425

violentc1425

sternc1449

strainable1497

rigorous1513

stalwart1528

vehement1528

sore1535

sturdy1569

robustious1632

severe1676

beating1702

shaving1789

snorting1819

wroth1852

wrathy1872

snapping1876

vicious1882

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > intense or strong

keen1340

radiant1508

rigorous1630

1513 T. More in R. Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 705 Beyng letted for lacke of prosperous wind, and encombered with so much rigorous tempest.

1589 E. Hayes in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 682 We..might with lesse detriment haue wintred that season..in the South then in the North, where winter is both long and rigorous.

1604 M. Drayton Moyses i. 12 If the fleet winde by some rigorous gale Seem'd to be mou'd.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 3 All moderne Navigators, who..have found..the regions situated under the Tropikes to bee tormented with more rigourous heat.

1647 A. Cowley Bathing in Mistress iv When rigorous Winter binds you up with Frost.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. i. 6 The delays..confined his passage round Cape Horn to the most rigorous season of the year.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 175 The cold is very rigorous.

1825 R. Lyall Trav. in Russia, Krimea, Caucasus, Georgia II. xxii. 360 Here are enjoyed Asiatic pleasures in the rigorous climate of Russia—walks amidst woods and groves of tropical vegetation even when the cold is 30° of Reamur, or 35° below zero of Fahrenheit.

1834 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 3) II. iii. vi. 440 These excursions usually precede a rigorous winter.

1896 F. B. Workman & W. H. Workman Algerian Mem. 159 The climate is more rigorous than that of the coast.

1918 Times 10 Jan. 3/5 Rigorous weather of the type lately reported from New York is being experienced in this country.

1966 Geogr. Jrnl. 132 97 Difficult of access, sparsely populated by inhospitable tribesmen and with a rigorous climate, South Arabia has rewarded the more persistent traveller.

2001 A. Zwinger in D. Muench & M. Muench Colorado 90 Every plant within view is precisely adapted to this rigorous climate, and their daintiness belies their extreme toughness.

a. That conforms to or acts in accordance with strict or exacting standards; scrupulous, punctilious; conscientious, zealous.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [adjective] > conscientious

faithfulc1400

good-heartedc1425

rigorousa1500

nice-conscienced1530

scrupulous1542

conscionable1549

punctual1609

conscientious1611

tender-conscienceda1617

conscious1628

a1500 ( J. Lydgate tr. Life St. Alban & St. Amphibal (Lansd.) (1974) l. 2681 (MED) Zephirus..This rigorus ayer with dew attemperaunce, Tween hoot & cold set a mene indeede.

1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem 319 Setting some rigorous Puritans aside, that like no Religion but one of their owne making,..there are few Calvinists..that will wrench at this.

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 60 Well knows every wise Nation that their Liberty consists in manly and honest labours, in sobriety and rigorous honour to the Marriage Bed.

1646 R. Crashaw Sospetto d'Herode ix, in Steps to Temple 54 Three Rigorous Virgins waiting still behind, Assist the Throne of th' Iron-Sceptred King.

1713 W. Oldisworth tr. Horace Odes II. iii. 84 A rigorous Virtue, spotless Name..Is all the Fortune which they boast.

1781 S. Johnson Lives Eng. Poets II. 200 Boileau..desired to be thought a rigorous and steady moralist.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iii. 141 I fancy, the rigorous earnest man, with his keen excitabilities, was not altogether easy to make happy.

1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur 266 They were strict constructionists and rigorous observers of the Law.

1890 Cent. Dict. XIV. 4064/2 Observantist, specifically, a member of the more rigorous class of Franciscans which in the fifteenth century became separated from those—the Conventuals—following a milder rule.

1946 Nature 27 July 113/1 The man who pursues truth for its own sake and studies science in an impersonal way, with rigorous self-discipline, is really..taking up a religious attitude.

1975 P. Fuller Jrnl. 29 Mar. in Marches Past (1986) 110 A rigorous teetotaller, he was merciless in his criticism of vegetarians.

2001 Jrnl. Asian Martial Arts 10 No. 1. 22 Sometimes a more rigorous mentor will demand his pupils to keep the posture a lot longer.

b. Demanding great effort or commitment; characterized by or involving stringent or exacting standards; (also, of a religious practice, etc.) austere, ascetic. Cf. rigoristic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or laborious

strongc1175

travailousa1382

laborousc1405

laboriousc1410

travailsome1549

laboursome1551

rigorousa1564

Herculean1594

surly1609

Augean1724

dreich1804

a1564 Q. Kennedy Breif Tracteit in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 137/30 Quhow sal it be possible that ane Christiane man sal dispone..hyme self efter this rigorouse maner quhilk thinkis..that he is to receaue bot bair breade.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World vi. xv. §8. 592/1 Abraames Bishop of Carras..lived with that rigorous abstinence, that bread and water, bed and fire seemed superfluous to him.

1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 157 In the Week which precedes the Feast of Easter, the Fast was more rigorous, and in some Places they eat nothing but dry'd things.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Carthusians The Rule given them by their Founder is exceedingly rigorous.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. vi. 457 Those two attributes which form the real mark and pinch of Spartan legislation, viz., the military discipline and the rigorous private training.

1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight v. 64 In Italy, all railroad employés are subjected to rigorous examination.

1893 Methodist Rev. Nov. 976 They widened the law to include a rigorous asceticism or abstinence from the enjoyment of wine and meat.

1926 Amer. Mercury Apr. 399/2 Healing of the surgical wound by rigorous cleanliness.

1953 O. Caroe Soviet Empire iv. 50 The Samanids came from Baltch and enforced a rigorous form of Hanafi Sunniism.

2003 Economist 18 Jan. 95 (advt.) Trainees will receive rigorous on-the-job training circulating between the various energy and soft commodity desks.

3. Extremely detailed and thorough; precise, or concerned with precision; strictly accurate or exact.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > strict, rigorous

just1490

nicea1522

point-devicea1529

exact1533

narrow1551

rigorousa1564

point-vice1574

curious1614

rigid?1626

hard1690

strict1749

deadly1909

a1564 Q. Kennedy Compend. Ressonyng in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 153 Ȝour acquittance is sua rigorous that I..douteis nocht bot ȝe will declayr the treuth according to ȝour vnderstanding.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. viii. 34 In Demonstration..and all rigourous Search of Truth, Judgement does all.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed v. 467 Not if it be taken in a strict, rigorous, proper, and formall sense.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iv. ii. 209 Truth and Convenience are very different Things to the rigorous Eyes of a Philosopher.

1774 W. Mitford Ess. Harmony Lang. 273 The short syllables shortened without regard to their rigorous natural value.

1795 Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 301 Many members insist on a rigorous account of the debt by a secret committee.

1838 R. W. Emerson Lit. Ethics 20 I think that we have need of a more rigorous scholastic rule.

1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §89 The second order of infinitely small quantities may be with rigorous accuracy neglected.

1925 R. C. Givler in H. E. Barnes Hist. & Prospects Social Sci. x. 501 Utilitarianism..holds that pleasure is the only good sought for, or in less rigorous language, that the pleasurability of an object is the measure of its value.

1954 H. Becker in H. Becker et al. For Sci. Social Man v. 147 It was so rigorous in method that it still serves as a reprimanding example to those who think that ‘description is easy’.

2003 G. J. Dorrien Making Amer. Liberal Theol. 1900–50 iv. 265 Wieman lectured that in the rigorous sense of the term, all knowledge is scientific.

†4. Accompanied by a chill; characterized by shivering. Cf. rigor n. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > fit or stroke > type of

rigorous1597

siderant1859

vasovagal1907

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 474 Drinke the roote with wine against the rigorous fits of old feuers.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 849 The roote drunke in wine cureth the extreme and rigorous fits of old feuers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rigorous
释义	rigorousadj. Brit. /ˈrɪɡ(ə)rəs/, U.S. /ˈrɪɡ(ə)rəs/ Forms: late Middle English regereus, late Middle English regerous, late Middle English rigorus, late Middle English rigoruse, late Middle English rigous (transmission error), late Middle English rigurous, late Middle English rigurows, late Middle English rigurowse, late Middle English rygerous, late Middle English rygoros, late Middle English rygorouse, late Middle English rygourouse, late Middle English–1500s rigerous, late Middle English–1500s rigorouse, late Middle English–1500s rygorous, late Middle English– rigorous, 1500s rygurus, 1500s–1600s rigourous, 1600s rigourest (superlative); Scottish pre-1700 regorous, pre-1700 regorus, pre-1700 regourous, pre-1700 regrous, pre-1700 regurous, pre-1700 rigerous, pre-1700 rigoros, pre-1700 rigorouse, pre-1700 rigorus, pre-1700 rigourous, pre-1700 rigurous, pre-1700 rigurus, pre-1700 rygorous, pre-1700 rygorus, pre-1700 1700s– rigorous. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French rigorous, rigoreux. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rigorous and Middle French rigoreux, rigoureux (French rigoureux ) inflexibly severe (c1330), severe, harsh, difficult to bear (a1374; 1640 of temperature) < rigour rigour n. + -ous , -eux -ous suffix. Compare post-classical Latin rigorosus severely cold (4th cent.), severe (from 14th cent. in British sources; from 15th cent. in continental sources), Old Occitan rigoros (1441), Catalan rigorós (14th cent.), Spanish rigoroso (14th cent.), Portuguese rigoroso (15th cent.), Italian rigoroso (a1535). Compare earlier rigour n., and also rigorousté n. and discussion at that entry. 1. a. Of a rule, action, judgement, etc.: characterized by extreme strictness; harsh or severe in effect or impact; rigid, unforgiving, cruel. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > extremely strict or rigorous rigorousa1425 rigoriousc1515 Rhadamanthean1655 Lycurgan1846 a1425 Serm. (Royal) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) II. 346 [Bodl. Þis lawe..ȝif it be to] rigorous [Bodl. continues..shal ceesse on sutil maner]. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) 771 (MED) Lat mercy modefie rigerous correccioun. a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum l. 305 in Poems (1899) 56 (MED) Correcte him sharpely with rigorous rage. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxv. 222 Fynde sum rygurus wordes to hym, & make as though ye were dyspleasyd with hym. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 9 Our well-dealing Countrimen..Haue seal'd his rigorous statutes with their blouds. View more context for this quotation 1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (vi. 6) ii. 30 They disgrace his Gospell: they persecute his members, and that in the sorest, and rigourest manner that they can. 1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne vii. 188 As the injunction itself is too rigorous, so the limitation is too ridiculous. 1678 S. Butler Ladies Answer to Knight in Hudibras: Third Pt. 283 Nor can the Rigorousest Course, Prevail, unless to make us worse. 1703 J. Moyle Experienced Chirurgion i. xli. 130 Let me advise you to take heed how you use a rigorous Method of Cure..till you are sure it is a Gangreen. 1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orations iii. 101 He is searching for the most rigorous precedents. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 54 The rigorous conditions of peace and pardon were accepted. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. ii. 35/2 My upbringing..was rigorous, too frugal, compressively secluded. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xiv. 162 He wanted a refuge from a standard disagreeably rigorous. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 2 July 2/1 In favour of a rigorous suppression policy. 1932 L. E. Lawes 20,000 Years in Sing Sing i. 27 Prison policies had no definite basis. One political boss advocated the harshest kind of discipline and the most rigorous routine, while the other insisted upon lenient rules and regulations. 1997 J. A. Lynn Giant of Grand Siècle 1998 iv. xii. 412 Even Vauban conceded that although rigorous punishment did not stop desertion , ‘it is certain that it intimidates many, who without this would swell the number [of deserters] even more’. b. Of a person: imposing strict standards; treating or judging others harshly or severely; stringent, stern. ΚΠ a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 7057 (MED) Kyng Eolus to rigerous was..And to vengable in his entencioun Ageyn his childre. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 773 (MED) A rigurous iuge..With hate and rancour doth his vertu dresse. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 229 Gif a king be a rigorous man, and wele sett to kepe law and justice, js nane sa grete, bot he will sare drede till offend him. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxiii. 162 There is a gyaunte bothe fyerce and rygorous That wyth his might shall hym soune overthrowe. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. vii. sig. M.v^v/1 Iehu a very iust, although a rigorous prince. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 175 Coming in by the Peoples favour, he was obleiged to be rather remisse then rigorous. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. 1 Tim. iii. 3 A Bishop must be..one that by lenity taketh all things in the best sense, and is not rigorous. 1776 D. Dalrymple Ann. Scotl. I. 148 Adam Bishop of Caithness, a rigorous exacter of Tithes. 1780 S. Johnson Let. 4 July (1992) III. 281 I..hope she will not be too rigorous with the young ones. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iv. viii. 465 His masters, though rigorous, were not unlovable to him. 1930 Proc. Amer. Philos. Assoc. 4 177 She was a rigorous and exacting teacher. 1999 L. Kennedy All in Mind Introd. p. xvi My editor..has proved a rigorous but fair and percipient taskmaster. c. Of a season or climatic condition: harsh in its effects; causing difficulty or discomfort; hostile, severe, extreme; spec. bitterly cold. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements) retheeOE strongOE stithc1100 snella1400 woodc1400 outrage?a1425 violentc1425 sternc1449 strainable1497 rigorous1513 stalwart1528 vehement1528 sore1535 sturdy1569 robustious1632 severe1676 beating1702 shaving1789 snorting1819 wroth1852 wrathy1872 snapping1876 vicious1882 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > intense or strong keen1340 radiant1508 rigorous1630 1513 T. More in R. Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 705 Beyng letted for lacke of prosperous wind, and encombered with so much rigorous tempest. 1589 E. Hayes in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 682 We..might with lesse detriment haue wintred that season..in the South then in the North, where winter is both long and rigorous. 1604 M. Drayton Moyses i. 12 If the fleet winde by some rigorous gale Seem'd to be mou'd. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 3 All moderne Navigators, who..have found..the regions situated under the Tropikes to bee tormented with more rigourous heat. 1647 A. Cowley Bathing in Mistress iv When rigorous Winter binds you up with Frost. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. i. 6 The delays..confined his passage round Cape Horn to the most rigorous season of the year. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 175 The cold is very rigorous. 1825 R. Lyall Trav. in Russia, Krimea, Caucasus, Georgia II. xxii. 360 Here are enjoyed Asiatic pleasures in the rigorous climate of Russia—walks amidst woods and groves of tropical vegetation even when the cold is 30° of Reamur, or 35° below zero of Fahrenheit. 1834 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 3) II. iii. vi. 440 These excursions usually precede a rigorous winter. 1896 F. B. Workman & W. H. Workman Algerian Mem. 159 The climate is more rigorous than that of the coast. 1918 Times 10 Jan. 3/5 Rigorous weather of the type lately reported from New York is being experienced in this country. 1966 Geogr. Jrnl. 132 97 Difficult of access, sparsely populated by inhospitable tribesmen and with a rigorous climate, South Arabia has rewarded the more persistent traveller. 2001 A. Zwinger in D. Muench & M. Muench Colorado 90 Every plant within view is precisely adapted to this rigorous climate, and their daintiness belies their extreme toughness. 2. a. That conforms to or acts in accordance with strict or exacting standards; scrupulous, punctilious; conscientious, zealous. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [adjective] > conscientious faithfulc1400 good-heartedc1425 rigorousa1500 nice-conscienced1530 scrupulous1542 conscionable1549 punctual1609 conscientious1611 tender-conscienceda1617 conscious1628 a1500 ( J. Lydgate tr. Life St. Alban & St. Amphibal (Lansd.) (1974) l. 2681 (MED) Zephirus..This rigorus ayer with dew attemperaunce, Tween hoot & cold set a mene indeede. 1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem 319 Setting some rigorous Puritans aside, that like no Religion but one of their owne making,..there are few Calvinists..that will wrench at this. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 60 Well knows every wise Nation that their Liberty consists in manly and honest labours, in sobriety and rigorous honour to the Marriage Bed. 1646 R. Crashaw Sospetto d'Herode ix, in Steps to Temple 54 Three Rigorous Virgins waiting still behind, Assist the Throne of th' Iron-Sceptred King. 1713 W. Oldisworth tr. Horace Odes II. iii. 84 A rigorous Virtue, spotless Name..Is all the Fortune which they boast. 1781 S. Johnson Lives Eng. Poets II. 200 Boileau..desired to be thought a rigorous and steady moralist. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iii. 141 I fancy, the rigorous earnest man, with his keen excitabilities, was not altogether easy to make happy. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur 266 They were strict constructionists and rigorous observers of the Law. 1890 Cent. Dict. XIV. 4064/2 Observantist, specifically, a member of the more rigorous class of Franciscans which in the fifteenth century became separated from those—the Conventuals—following a milder rule. 1946 Nature 27 July 113/1 The man who pursues truth for its own sake and studies science in an impersonal way, with rigorous self-discipline, is really..taking up a religious attitude. 1975 P. Fuller Jrnl. 29 Mar. in Marches Past (1986) 110 A rigorous teetotaller, he was merciless in his criticism of vegetarians. 2001 Jrnl. Asian Martial Arts 10 No. 1. 22 Sometimes a more rigorous mentor will demand his pupils to keep the posture a lot longer. b. Demanding great effort or commitment; characterized by or involving stringent or exacting standards; (also, of a religious practice, etc.) austere, ascetic. Cf. rigoristic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or laborious strongc1175 travailousa1382 laborousc1405 laboriousc1410 travailsome1549 laboursome1551 rigorousa1564 Herculean1594 surly1609 Augean1724 dreich1804 a1564 Q. Kennedy Breif Tracteit in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 137/30 Quhow sal it be possible that ane Christiane man sal dispone..hyme self efter this rigorouse maner quhilk thinkis..that he is to receaue bot bair breade. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World vi. xv. §8. 592/1 Abraames Bishop of Carras..lived with that rigorous abstinence, that bread and water, bed and fire seemed superfluous to him. 1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 157 In the Week which precedes the Feast of Easter, the Fast was more rigorous, and in some Places they eat nothing but dry'd things. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Carthusians The Rule given them by their Founder is exceedingly rigorous. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. vi. 457 Those two attributes which form the real mark and pinch of Spartan legislation, viz., the military discipline and the rigorous private training. 1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight v. 64 In Italy, all railroad employés are subjected to rigorous examination. 1893 Methodist Rev. Nov. 976 They widened the law to include a rigorous asceticism or abstinence from the enjoyment of wine and meat. 1926 Amer. Mercury Apr. 399/2 Healing of the surgical wound by rigorous cleanliness. 1953 O. Caroe Soviet Empire iv. 50 The Samanids came from Baltch and enforced a rigorous form of Hanafi Sunniism. 2003 Economist 18 Jan. 95 (advt.) Trainees will receive rigorous on-the-job training circulating between the various energy and soft commodity desks. 3. Extremely detailed and thorough; precise, or concerned with precision; strictly accurate or exact. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > strict, rigorous just1490 nicea1522 point-devicea1529 exact1533 narrow1551 rigorousa1564 point-vice1574 curious1614 rigid?1626 hard1690 strict1749 deadly1909 a1564 Q. Kennedy Compend. Ressonyng in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 153 Ȝour acquittance is sua rigorous that I..douteis nocht bot ȝe will declayr the treuth according to ȝour vnderstanding. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. viii. 34 In Demonstration..and all rigourous Search of Truth, Judgement does all. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed v. 467 Not if it be taken in a strict, rigorous, proper, and formall sense. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iv. ii. 209 Truth and Convenience are very different Things to the rigorous Eyes of a Philosopher. 1774 W. Mitford Ess. Harmony Lang. 273 The short syllables shortened without regard to their rigorous natural value. 1795 Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 301 Many members insist on a rigorous account of the debt by a secret committee. 1838 R. W. Emerson Lit. Ethics 20 I think that we have need of a more rigorous scholastic rule. 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §89 The second order of infinitely small quantities may be with rigorous accuracy neglected. 1925 R. C. Givler in H. E. Barnes Hist. & Prospects Social Sci. x. 501 Utilitarianism..holds that pleasure is the only good sought for, or in less rigorous language, that the pleasurability of an object is the measure of its value. 1954 H. Becker in H. Becker et al. For Sci. Social Man v. 147 It was so rigorous in method that it still serves as a reprimanding example to those who think that ‘description is easy’. 2003 G. J. Dorrien Making Amer. Liberal Theol. 1900–50 iv. 265 Wieman lectured that in the rigorous sense of the term, all knowledge is scientific. †4. Accompanied by a chill; characterized by shivering. Cf. rigor n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > fit or stroke > type of rigorous1597 siderant1859 vasovagal1907 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 474 Drinke the roote with wine against the rigorous fits of old feuers. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 849 The roote drunke in wine cureth the extreme and rigorous fits of old feuers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.a1425
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