| 单词 | ringelmann chart |
| 释义 | > as lemmasRingelmann chart Used attributively and (now rare) in the genitive with reference to a method of estimating the darkness and density of smoke by visual comparison with a chart bearing different shades of grey (formed by lines ruled with different spacings or different thicknesses); esp. in Ringelmann chart. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > chart used in estimating density Ringelmann chart1898 1897 Engin. News 11 Nov. 307/3 We are indebted to Mr Bryan Donkin of London, England, for a description of a system of determining the relative density or blackness of smoke... The system is the invention of Prof. Ringelmann, of Paris, and is said to have come into somewhat extensive use in Europe.] 1898 B. Donkin Heat Efficiency Steam Boilers ix. 184 Ringelmann's smoke scale.—Professor Ringelmann has conceived the idea of representing different intensities of smoke, from light through grey to black, not by small sample tints, which are apt to be misleading, but by an arrangement of lines on white paper. 1905 W. Nicholson Smoke Abatement vii. 144 Copies of the Ringelmann Smoke Scales..are obtainable. 1923 H. G. Clinch Smoke Inspector's Handbk. vii. 74 (heading) Measurement of smoke—Ringelmann's shade cards. 1958 Nature 26 July 226/2 As from June 1, 1958, the Clean Air Act..is fully in force, and it will be an offence..to emit ‘dark smoke’ (defined as dark as or darker than shade 2 on the Ringelmann Chart). 2001 A. W. Reitze Air Pollution Control Law i. 10/2 Boston was regulating smoke using the Ringelmann Chart. < as lemmas |
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