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单词 robustious
释义

robustiousadj.

Brit. /rə(ʊ)ˈbʌstɪəs/, /rə(ʊ)ˈbʌstʃəs/, U.S. /roʊˈbəstʃəs/, /rəˈbəstʃəs/
Forms: 1500s rebustious, 1500s robustius, 1500s– robustious, 1600s roboustious.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin rōbustus , -ious suffix.
Etymology: < classical Latin rōbustus robust adj. + -ious suffix. Compare robustuous adj., robustous adj. N.E.D. (1909) states: ‘In common use during the 17th century. In the 18th it becomes rare, and is described by Johnson as “now only used in low language, and in a sense of contempt”. During the 19th it as been considerably revived, esp. by archaizing writers.’ With the form rebustious perhaps compare the unrecorded post-classical Latin variant *rebustus discussed at robust adj.
1. Strong and hardy; sturdy; healthy.
a. Of a person. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc.
strongeOE
stalworthc1175
starka1250
stiff1297
stalworthyc1300
vigorousc1330
stoura1350
lustyc1374
marrowya1382
sturdyc1386
crank1398
robust1490
vigorious1502
stalwart1508
hardy1548
robustious1548
of force1577
rustical1583
marrowed1612
rustic1620
robustic1652
solid1741
refractory1843
salted1864
resistant1876
saulteda1879
the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adjective] > robust
strongeOE
hardOE
stalworthc1175
starka1250
stiff1297
steel to the (very) backa1300
stalworthyc1300
wightc1300
stable13..
valiant1303
stithc1325
toughc1330
wrast1338
stoura1350
sadc1384
wighty14..
derfc1440
substantialc1460
well-jointed1483
felon1487
robust1490
stalwart1508
stoutya1529
robustous?1531
rankc1540
hardy1548
robustious1548
stout1576
rustical1583
rustic1620
iron1638
robustic1652
swankinga1704
strapping1707
rugged1731
solid1741
vaudy1793
flaithulach1829
ironbark1833
swankie1838
tough as (old) boots or leather1843
skookum1847
hard (also tough, sharp) as nails1862
hard-assed1954
nails1974
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. lvjv Let vs..marche furth like stronge & robustious champions.
1615 S. Daniel Hymens Triumph ii. i. 22 Not degenerate From my robustious manly Ancestors.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 72 This Gunner was a robustious Vulcan.
1735 J. Swift Furnit. Woman's Mind in Wks. II. 415 She gets a Cold as sure as Death;..Admires how modest Women can Be so robustious like a Man.
1791 F. Burney Let. 13 Aug. (1972) I. 9 My weakness..disappoints me: but I have still fair hopes of becoming again my own robustious self.
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. v. vi. 50 The combined powers of the league might have been too potent..for the robustious warriors of the Manhattoes.
1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall I. 70 The number of robustious footmen and retainers of all kinds bustling about.
1863 A. Smith Dreamthorp 24 The robustious fellow who sits at the head of the table.
1915 Englewood (Chicago) Times 16 Apr. 7/4 This is not true, unless one is hale, hearty, robustious or has a stomach inherited from a grandfather who fought the Indians back in the corn bread and venison days.
b. Of the body or its parts, constitution, disposition, etc. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > of the body or its parts
robust1490
robustious1584
vigorous1618
mettlesome1668
sturdy1861
1584 Copie of Let. conc. Erle of Leycester 114 Her highnes..well strocken in years, and of no great good health or robustious and strong complexion.
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 38 It will..harden his soft bleding vaines as stiffe and robustious, as branches of Corrall.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 128 The dry Walnuts are onely good for robustious bodies.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 569 These redundant locks Robustious to no purpose clustring down. View more context for this quotation
1771 E. Long Trial of Carter's Dog in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 207 It is by far too dainty for their robustious constitutions.
1817 Ld. Byron Let. 9 May (1976) V. 222 I am..congratulated by impertinent persons on my robustious appearance when I ought to be pale and interesting.
1869 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 30 Oct. 1/5 He felt himself completely at the mercy of the female whose robustious arms enclosed him.
1908 H. Caine My Story ii. ii. 108 He bantered me for several minutes on what he called my ‘robustious’ appearance.
2. Of a thing: big and strong; sturdy; resilient. Also figurative. Now rare.Earliest in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > of large volume or bulky > and solid
greateOE
stour?a1300
fata1325
mightyc1375
sternc1394
stiffc1400
massivec1425
mastiff1495
gross1516
massy1548
robustious1548
mountainousa1616
monumental1632
mountain1633
lusty1640
beamy1697
material1736
Himalayan1878
wodgy1907
monolith1922
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxviiv When the duke of Yorke had fastened his chaine, betwene these twoo strong and robustious pillers [i.e. the Earls of Warwick and Salisbury].
1612 S. Daniel First Pt. Hist. Eng. ii. 76 Roul, or Rou, a great C[o]mmaunder amongst them, furnished a robustious powre,..and first landed in England.
1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 90 Against this Bellarmine brings..a most robustious argument.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 437 Assertours and Abettours of Truth, then which nothing is more robustious and strong.
1679 G. Rose tr. P. Boaistuau Theatre of World 139 His Cloak..was likewise so very heavy and robustious.
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iii. i. 122 When erect, he had not a little the appearance of a robustious beer barrel.
1915 Nevada State Jrnl. 9 Mar. 1/6 The banner is..a large and robustious standard, expansive in dimensions.
3.
a. Of a person or a person's manner: violent, rough; strongly self-assertive; boisterous, exuberant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > rough > rough or boisterous
robustious1548
boisterous1568
rory-tory1683
randy1723
rumgumptious1781
lungeous1787
rowdy dowdy1816
roaritorious1821
riproarious1830
rough and tumble1831
rowdy1832
rowdy-dow1832
tear-brass1880
knockabout1885
rory-cum-tory1893
roughhouse1896
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lvii Men throughe aboundaunce of ryches waxe more insolent, hedstronge and robustius.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 9 O it offends mee to the soule, to heare a rebustious [1604 robustious] periwig fellow, To teare a passion in totters.
1633 J. Shirley Bird in Cage iii. i. sig. E3 The Divell is no more hot and Robustious, where he finds opposition to the sport.
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel v. 155 Men of a more fierce, strong, robustious temper..are more inept to see any such Spectra.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 109 You are so robustious, you had like to put out my Eye.
?1790 Q. Persius Cries of Bellona 50 There was a delicate Subaltern in conversation with a robustious jolly dog of a Corporal.
1809 C. Lamb & M. Lamb Poetry for Children I. 59 Your rougher out-door sports Her less robustious spirits daunt.
1851 Times 9 Oct. 4/5 The subtle captain..thinks it a very great impertinence in the robustious corporal to have any opinion at all.
1921 W. L. Phelps Ess. Mod. Dramatists i. 11 A certain gentleness goes with understanding; your robustious fellows do not know much about men and women.
1947 H. Babcock My Health is Better in November 14 Then is Bob a robustious and swaggering fellow... He is ready for fight or frolic.
2005 New Republic 27 June (Nexis) 22 The robustious hero in Gladiator.
b. Of an action, event, etc.: characterized by violence or boisterousness.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective]
retheeOE
hotOE
strongOE
woodlyc1000
un-i-rideOE
stoura1122
brathc1175
unridec1175
unrudec1225
starklyc1275
toughc1275
wood1297
ragec1330
unrekena1350
biga1375
furialc1386
outrageousc1390
savagea1393
violenta1393
bremelya1400
snarta1400
wrothlya1400
fightingc1400
runishc1400
dour?a1425
derfc1440
churlousa1450
roida1450
fervent1465
churlish1477
orgulous1483
felona1500
brathfula1522
brathlya1525
fanatic1533
furious1535
boisterous1544
blusterous1548
ungentle1551
sore1563
full-mouthed1594
savage wild1595
Herculean1602
shrill1608
robustious1612
efferous1614
thundering1618
churly1620
ferocient1655
turbulent1656
efferate1684
knock-me-down1760
haggard-wild1786
ensanguined1806
rammish1807
fulminatory1820
riproarious1830
natural1832
survigrous1835
sabre-toothed1849
cataclysmal1861
thunderous1874
fierce1912
cataractal1926
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. 7 This robustious play; By which, the toiles of warre most liuelie are exprest.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. vii. 146 The men doe sympathize with the Mastiffes, in robustious and rough comming on. View more context for this quotation
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iv. 37 In Scotland they had handl'd the Bishops in a more robustious manner.
1839 B. Disraeli Let. 18 Dec. in Corr. with Sister (1886) 146 They had a roaring, robustious, romping party.
1897 S. S. Sprigge Life of T. Wakley xxx. 276 The crude and robustious declamations of a demagogue.
1947 Garfieldian (Chicago) 17 July 15/3 I don't know where else you can get such a rich, robustious, and rollicking account of our folk music.
1985 H. Kramer Revenge of Philistines v. 321 Mr. Hoving's robustious tenure as the director.
2008 F. L. Collins in M. H. Patterson Amer. New Woman Revisited i. 121 To find out if it really was political influence that women were fighting for in those robustious times.
c. Of weather, esp. a storm: violent; severe. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements)
retheeOE
strongOE
stithc1100
snella1400
woodc1400
outrage?a1425
violentc1425
sternc1449
strainable1497
rigorous1513
stalwart1528
vehement1528
sore1535
sturdy1569
robustious1632
severe1676
beating1702
shaving1789
snorting1819
wroth1852
wrathy1872
snapping1876
vicious1882
1632 F. Quarles Divine Fancies i. c. 50 If a robustious Storme should rise..thy Harbour's safe enough.
1641 News from Hell, Rome & Inns of Court 21 A robustious storm of wind out of the North.
1843 J. Q. Adams Jrnl. 30 Oct. in Mem. (1874) XI. 416 The gale was not very robustious.
1879 H. W. Beecher Star Papers (new ed.) 427 Those robustious winds of March.
1947 Pottstown (Pa.) Mercury 29 Oct. 4/1 Perhaps robustious weather, like a strong man, has a vigorous spirit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1548
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