| 释义 |
roken.1 Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Swedish regional rauk smoke, vapour) < a variant (without i-mutation) of the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic reykr smoke, vapour, Old Swedish röker smoke, vapour, odour (Swedish rök ), Old Danish røk smoke (Danish røg smoke, incense: see reek n.1). Compare Anglo-Norman roke mist, fog (mid 14th cent.). Compare rouk n. and see discussion at that entry.The Middle English forms rok, roke at α. forms could alternatively be interpreted as showing a short vowel, and hence belong instead at β. forms. Some instances of the form rook given at β. forms at rouk n. may be intended to represent a pronunciation /roːk/ and therefore belong at this entry instead. With the γ. forms compare rawky adj.2 Now Scottish and English regional. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > light or fine rain the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke 1292 in J. T. Fowler (1899) II. 490 De 40 s. 8 d. rec. de Rokpen' de eodem termino. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 1163 To-ward sodome he sag ðe roke And ðe brinfires stinken smoke. a1450 (Bodl. e Mus.) 105 (MED) There comyth out of that place a foul fer and a foul roke with so meche foul stynk that no man may sustene hym there. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in II. 348 Rooac, or Roke, a kind of smoke. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Roke, smoke.—S.W., occasionally. the world > matter > gas > [noun] > fumes or vapour c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) 2647 (MED) Eueri seue ȝer ones..comeþ a roke & a stink Out of þe water. (Harl. 221) 436 Roke [Winch. Rok], myste, nebula. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil (1959) vii. Prol. l. 36 The firmament ourcast with rokis blak. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1957) iii. iii. l. 95 The rayn and royk reft from ws sycht of hevin. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius (1858) I. 489 Winter come to hand,..With mist and roik. a1550 202 The bloode from ther bassonetts Ranne, as the roke doth in the rayne. 1570 P. Levens sig. Niii/1 Ye Hore roke, pruina. 1599 A. Hume sig. C4 The mystie rocke, the clouds of raine, From tops of mountaines skails. 1633 T. James sig. ¶3 Many a Storme, and Rocke, and Mist, and Wind, and Tyde, and Sea, and Mount of Ice, haue I in this Discouery encountred withall. 1781 J. Hutton (ed. 2) 95/1 (Gloss.) Roke, fog, or mist. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in II. 348 Rooac, or Roke,..a species of mist, fog, or small rain. 1828 W. Carr (ed. 2) Roak, a gentle rain. 1866 J. G. Nall 636 Sea roke is a cold fog or thick mist spreading rapidly along our eastern shores, sometimes to a distance of eight or ten miles inland... In Sussex, roke is the steam from boiling water. 1903 W. A. Dutt vi. 87 He calls a marsh-fog a ‘roke’—a word which has come down to him from his Norse ancestors. 1940 A. Ransome xvii. 206 Tom went out too and came back to say that the mist was thickening into a regular roke. 1988 26 Mar. 18/6 The common word ‘roke’..means a sea mist in most of the coastal areas from Yorkshire northwards. Compounds 1292Rokpen' [see sense 1]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). roken.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps compare English regional (north.) roke , rawk , rawk flaw or defect in a piece of cloth, stone, metal, etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict. at Rauk v. and sb.; perhaps compare rake v.2 and rauk v.).Compare the following slightly earlier use of the word in a German linguistic context:1864 B. Kerl Handbuch der metallurgischen Hüttenkunde I. 662 Bei bunt angelaufenen, mit einer Oxydhaut überzogenen Blasen..erfolgt beim Schmeiden ein unganzes Product mit Oberflächenfehlern (Roaks). Founding. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > faults in steel 1867 206 The bars of steel..produced by my process are..free or nearly free from those serious imperfections technically called ‘rokes’ or seams. 1888 H. Seebohm in O. E. Michaelis tr. E. Monthaye i. 21 The bar..would be so full of the imperfections technically called ‘seams’ or ‘roaks’, as to be..useless. 1921 26 151 Laps, roakes, and scored metal were fairly frequent causes of failure. 1945 R. H. Greaves & H. Wrighton x. 173 Rokes..consist of fissures..with their surfaces separated by a thin film of scale or other impurity. 2005 E. G. Nisbett xx. 128/2 Any seams or rokes remaining from the original rolling operation..can act as stress risers for fatigue failures. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rokev.1Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rock v.1 Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a variant (with lengthening of the vowel) of rock v.1 Obsolete. rare. the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > move unsteadily [verb (intransitive)] > reel, stagger, or sway unsteadily > as the result of a blow c1440 (?a1400) (1930) l. 1375 (MED) Were þay wighte, were þay woke, Alle þat he till stroke, He made þaire bodies to roke. society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] c1475 (c1420) J. Page (Egerton) (1876) 33 (MED) There leve of Umfrevyle they toke, And in to the cytte the gon roke. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2020). rokev.2Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: roke n.1 Etymology: Probably < roke n.1 Compare earlier reek v.1With the form rouk in regional use in Northumberland compare rouk n. English regional. 1. 1613 G. Wither ii. i. sig. N The vsing of Tobacco thus is vaine. I meane in those that daily sit and smoake, Alehouse and Tauerne till the windowes roke. 1614 W. Browne i. 132 In the water thrust a brand Kindled in the fire, 'twill hisse, When a sticke that taken is From the Hedge, in water thrust, Neuer rokes as would the first. 1883 W. H. Cope Roke v. (used rather loosely) in the senses—(1) To smoke [etc.]. a1653 Z. Boyd (1855) 6 That Gentiles roak't in sin might be respected. the world > matter > gas > [verb (intransitive)] > emit fumes or vapour a1700 T. Ken Edmund in (1721) II. 109 Her Tables with strong Broths and Sauces rok'd, Which gormandizing and foul Lust provok'd. 1790 F. Grose (ed. 2) (at cited word) He roked like a dunghill. 1876 C. C. Robinson (at cited word) He sweats and rokes like an old horse. 1883 W. H. Cope Roke v. (used rather loosely) in the senses..(2) To steam, as a dunghill in frosty weather, or as hot water. (3) To drizzle, as small, misty rain... Rather as warm rain which evaporates in mist. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.11292n.21867 v.1c1440v.21613 |
