rolln.1
/rəʊl/, U.S. /roʊl/ I. Senses relating to paper and records.
1.
a. A piece of parchment or paper which is written upon or intended to contain writing, music, etc., and is rolled up for ease of handling, carrying, or storing; a scroll.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > [noun] > scroll of
roll?c1225
scrow?c1225
scroll14..
scarf1655
rotulet1833
volumen1851
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Of alle þe þinges þe beoþ inþis riule þet beoð mis numene..schriue hire..for nan se lutel nis of þeos, þet þe deouel naueð ambreued on his rolle.
a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 27 (MED) Of rybaudz y ryme ant rede o mi rolle, of gedelynges, gromes, of colyn & of Colle.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 9283 (MED) Whan hys rolle was wryte alle ful, To drawe hyt oute he gan to pul..Þat hys rolle to-braste and rofe.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 20 (MED) I wille..iij merours of glas to be sette in the myddys of ye iij woytez above my grave, wiche be redy with my other glasys and dyuerse rolles with scripture.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. aviiiv The thre verses written in the role that gothe about the tree.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalms (1963) xl. iv. 92 Lord,..in thy bookes rowle, I am writt.
1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 166 Atlas bearing heaven with a roule inscribed in Italian.
1633 in W. Fraser Mem. Maxwells of Pollok (1863) II. 235 The king..had the whoill rollis in his hand of all that had voyce.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 442 Busy Angels..spread The lasting Roll, recording what We said.
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) v. 62 ‘You see,’ said Mr. Pecksniff, passing the candle rapidly from roll to roll of paper, ‘some traces of our doings here.’
1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands 101 He showed them a roll containing a panoramic representation of his travels.
1888 W. P. Frith Autobiogr. III. vi. 144 A young lady—with..a roll of music in her hand.
1946 E. Diehl Bookbinding (1980) i. i. 11 The Buddhist prayer wheel contains a roll written with the lines running along its length, and the roll has to be unrolled sidewise in order to be read.
1966 Archaeol. Rep. for 1965–6 (Soc. for Promotion Hellenic Stud.) No. 12. 21/1 The orthodox and the heretics..whose leaders hold before them rolls inscribed with the articles of their conflicting beliefs.
2001 L. Casson Libraries of Anc. World ii. 26 The authors of the first books to appear in Greece..had but a single copy, the roll or rolls on which their manuscript was written.
b. spec. An official record or document, (originally) inscribed in a rolled piece of parchment or paper; (in later use) printed on paper or maintained electronically. Also figurative.Frequently with defining term, as rolls of Chancery, rolls of Court, rolls of Parliament, etc. court, parliament roll: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > [noun]
bookeOE
writlOE
rolla1325
conscriptiona1382
lettersa1382
scripturea1382
monument1405
write1483
pancart1577
panchart1587
anagraphy1606
notitia1738
society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > official record
libel1297
lettersc1300
rolla1325
billc1374
sealc1380
Parliament Roll1444
enrolment1603
society > communication > writing > written text > writing on specific things > [noun] > on roll
rolla1325
scroll1534
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun] > records of parliament proceedings
rolls of Parliamenta1325
Journals1702
Hansard1876
a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 81v Ȝif hit ne be noȝt ititlet in þe Rolle of þe chauncelerie.
1397–8 Rolls of Parl.: Richard II (Electronic ed.) Parl. Sept. 1397 Pleas §7. m. 4 Thomas duk of Gloucestre..hathe iknowe and confessyd to fore the same William alle the matiere and pointz iwrete in this grete roulle aunexid to this sedule, the weche sedule and gret roule bethe asselid under the sele of the forseyd William.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 460 With spiritus intellectus they seke þe reues rolles.
1433 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) IV. 479/1 The rolles of accounte of the Baillifs..and the rentall rolle..been putte and kepte in the cofre.
1445–6 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) V. 126/1 (MED) That the Rolles..of accompt of the Baillifs..be left of recorde, endented betwyx the seid Baillifs..and the Auditours.
1445–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1445 §18. m. 23 To be enacted and enrolled of record, in the rolle of the said parlement.
1469 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 333 (MED) Allsoo, rollis to be made of custumes, and all other rollis, as hit was of olde tyme.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 242 (MED) This charter was I-made afore the Barons of the Cheker at Westmynster and I-rolled in the kyngis rolle at the fest of Alhalowen, the vj yere of the reigne of kyng Iohn in the rolle of Oxenford.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 537/1 I write a thyng in to a rolle of a courte, to remayne for recorde, je enrolle.
a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 67 The Chancellour had the keeping of the Rolles of Record, and the making out of Writs originall.
1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. A2v He finds it written in the Rowles of time.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezra vi. 1 Search was made in the house of the rolles, where the treasures were laide vp. View more context for this quotation
1650 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1740) I. 26 The saids Lords..ordaines the Lord, who is Ordinar in the Utter-house, to make ane Roll, which he is to subscrive.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 447. ¶3 Being obliged to search into several Rolls and Records.
c1760 T. Smollett Ode to Independence 51 The rolls of right eternal to display.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 163 This law..is much better to be learned out of the rolls of parliament, and other records.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iv. ii. 296 In one of his wardrobe rolls we meet with the following entries.
1861 P. B. Borcherds Auto-Biog. Mem. 223 The following morning would entitle him to be a burgher (citizen) of his native country, and to be inscribed as such on the rolls of the colony.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xi. 379 The rolls of the treasurer and chancellor were duplicates.
1937 N. N. Puckett in G. P. Murdock Stud. in Sci. of Society (1969) 489 Biblical and Puritan names..appear frequently in colonial New England, in the roll of the United States Congress.
2003 W. Marx in Eng. Chron. 1377–1461 150 The accord was widely published, and the compiler of the Chronicle may have acquired it in this way rather than directly from the rolls of parliament.
c. In plural with the (usually with capital initial). The buildings in Chancery Lane used to preserve the official records of the court of Chancery. Also = Rolls Chapel n., Rolls Court n. at Compounds 2. Now historical.Clerk, Keeper, Master of the Rolls: see the first element.The function of the Rolls was replaced in 1838 by the Public Record Office, which was later merged with the Historical Manuscripts Commission and the Office of Public Sector Information to form The National Archives. The Chancery Lane buildings are now part of King's College London.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > arrangement and storage of written records > [noun] > place where official records are kept > specific
rolls1527
paper-office1637
pell officea1650
will office1672
land-office1681
1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. lxxvi.v An ordynaunce made for the kyng E. the furst at the rollis the xxvii. yere of his reygn.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Chartophylacium, a coffer, or other lyke thynge, wherin papers and rolles be kept.
?1576 A. Hall Let. touchyng Priuate Quarell sig. e. ijv To meete at the Rolles in the after noone, and to make searche howe the iudgement of the house shoulde be executed.
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 319 Since the which time [sc. 1377] that house hath beene commonly called the Rolles in Chauncerie lane.
a1605 (?a1500) London Lickpenny (Harl. 542) l. 33 in Anglia (1898) 20 412 I went me vnto the Rollis Before the clerks of the chauncerie.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 428 An house of Converts [from Judaism]..which king Edward the Third appointed afterwards for rolls and records to be kept therein, and thereof at this daie it is called The Rowls.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 596 When the fifth of November..came, in which we had always sermons at the Chapel of the Rolls.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iv. iv. 313 The Master of the Rolls administers justice by himself, in a separate court called the Rolls.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 33/2 The order..(if presented at the Rolls) is at once drawn up by the secretary of the master of the Rolls.
1884 Ann. Reg. 1883 Mar. 138/1 One incident of his career at the Rolls was an attack made upon him by the Rev. H. Dodwell.
1904 E. Manson Builders of our Law (ed. 2) 229 Motion-day at the Rolls was a scene to be remembered.
1963 Calif. Law Rev. 51 890 The cause was ordered to be heard at the Rolls.
2003 D. F. White in D. R. Gordon & D. B. Suits Epicurus 116 After having delivered his sermons..as Preacher at the Rolls, Butler took up his duties as Rector of Stanhope.
2.
a. A register or list of people, things, or deeds belonging to a particular group, category, or designation. See also roll of fame n., roll of honour n. at Phrases 1b. birth, burgess, checker, electoral, welfare roll, etc.: see the first element. Cf. payroll n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [noun]
tableOE
scorec1325
billa1340
calendar?a1400
legendc1400
librarya1450
Ragmanc1450
Ragman rollc1450
cataloguea1464
repertory1542
scrowa1545
bedroll?1552
roll1565
file1566
state1582
inventory1589
brief1600
series1601
counter-roll1603
list1604
muster roll1605
cense1615
pinax1625
repertoirec1626
diagram1631
recensiona1638
repertorium1667
vocabulary1694
albe1697
enumeration1725
screed1748
album1753
tableau1792
roll-call1833
shopping list1923
laundry list1958
remainder list1977
1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede Hist. Church Eng. iii. ix. f. 85 It was agreed vpon.., that the name and memory of those that forsoke Christ his fayth, shuld be vtterly rased owt of the rolle of Christian kinges.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 18 To keepe a roll or list of all the souldiers of his company.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 582 Registred in the roll of Saints.
1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. i. 10 Banished them out of the roll of their Deities.
1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Philo Embassy to Caius xii, in tr. Josephus Wks. 1091 The Addition of one more to the Roll of our Former Calamities.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 288 Retained servants entered upon the stewards roll.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 180 The merchants, shopkeepers, and citizens, who..filled up the roll of the ordinary magistracy.
1859 C. M. Yonge Cameos xlviii, in Monthly Packet Jan. 24 The roll of the slain was brought to them as they sat down to supper.
1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 118 The place occupied by Bartholomew Fair on the roll of Ben Jonson's [plays].
1920 M. Ganz & N. J. Ferber Rebels xiii. 244 Those tragic days and nights when the roll of the dead was growing faster and faster with every hour.
1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day vi. 113 [Alec] Waugh's name was struck off the roll of old Shirburnians.
2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts vii. 150 A glance at the roll of decent Nobel laureates shows that a large proportion of recipients have worked in American hospital medicine.
b. The official register of those qualified to practise a profession, esp. law. Frequently in plural, and esp. in to be struck off (also from) the rolls, to be debarred from practising law, medicine, etc., as a result of professional misconduct.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > legal representative or agent > solicitor > list of
roll1598
1598 S. Gosson Trumpet of Warre f. 54v Some crackt Attourney, which since his disgrace and rasing out of the roll, hath wandered a while in France.
a1638 R. Brownlow & J. Gouldsborough Rep. Diverse Cases (1651) 44 (margin) Attorneys name put out of the Roll for a mis-demeanour.
1691 W. King State Protestants of Ireland 79 Had an ordinary Attorney brought such Demurrers or Pleadings into Court..he would have..been struck out off the Roll for his Knavery or ignorance.
1792 Outl. Gen. Reform 24 Such Attorney or Professor to be struck off the Rolls, and rendered incapable off practising in future in that Court.
1812 Act Rules & Govt. of Armies of U.S. 125 Every officer..who shall neglect to make and forward the returns,..will be struck from the rolls of the army.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxxvi. 297 His daughter could not take out an attorney's certificate and hold a place upon the roll.
1861 Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne I. i. v. 54 He was on the rolls..but had never set up for himself.
1934 L. Charteris Boodle ix. 187 I used to be his solicitor, before I was struck off the rolls.
1971 E. C. Hughes Sociol. Eye (1984) 424 Some physicians have in the past few weeks been struck from the rolls in London for having allegedly drummed up abortion clients from abroad.
2007 Star (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 29 May 2 The mismanagement of trust accounts is an extremely serious offence and, if proven in the legal profession, automatically leads to an attorney being struck off the roll.
c. Chiefly (now only) Scots Law. A list of cases, causes, etc., coming before a judge or court.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court papers > [noun] > list of cases to be heard
roll1681
sessions-paper1702
hand roll1711
1681 Visct. Stair Modus Litigandi 27 Which he may do, without expunging of the Cause out of the Roll; but may call the Cause again at the Day appointed.
1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. xxi. 108 Both Parties were oblig'd to deposite a certain summ of money..into the hands of the Magistrate that enter'd their Cause into the Court, who, upon failure of the payment immediately expung'd the Cause out of the Roll, and hindred it from proceeding any farther.
1718 R. Blackmore Coll. Poems Var. Subj. 237 They have unsung more Triumphs on their Hand, Than unheard Causes on the Roll did stand.
1826 W. Scott Jrnl. 31 Jan. (1939) 84 There being nothing in the Roll to-day, I stay at home from the Court.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 867 The roll itself is a list of the several causes, containing the surnames of the parties, and of the counsel, and in the weekly printed rolls, the name of the agent also.
1876 in J. D. Wilson Law of Process under Sheriff Courts (Scotl.) Act 1876 97 The sheriff shall direct the action to be put to the roll for the first court day occurring not less than four days thereafter.
1992 Times (Sc. Law Rep.) 26 May 24/2 After a hearing in procedure roll the Lord Ordinary..had granted decree de plano.
3. Originally Military. A list of names used to ascertain whether each one of a set of persons is present. Frequently in to call the roll and variants. Cf. muster roll n., roll-call n.In educational use, now chiefly North American: cf. register n.1 5c.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [noun] > list of names or people > for checking presence
name bookeOE
roll1593
check-roll1599
call-book1663
band-roll1693
1593 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1870) I. 394 The personis absent [from the commission] at the ceissing of the bell, and calling of the roll, to incure ane vnlaw.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 143 He taketh a roll of the bands committed to his charge.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 95 Wheres the roule?..let them appeere as I cal. View more context for this quotation
1669 in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1885) II. 142 Then were the rolles called & the Parliament fenced (as we call it heir).
c1712 Song of Rid Square in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1934) I. 90 Att the brae above the heugh The clark sat down to call the rowes.
1749 R. Bolton Transl. Charter & Statutes Trinity-Coll., Dublin 64 The Dean shall only have their Names in a Roll given in by the Monitor, that he may see how often each of them has been absent.
1790 Gen. Reg. Inspection & Controul all Prisons 28 After prayers are read, the governor shall call the roll.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 247 A royal pursuivant was dispatched..to call over the roll of Sir John Ramorny's attendants.
1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xii The roll of each company is called at morning, noon, and night.
1862 W. C. Harris Prison-life in Tobacco Warehouse viii. 122 Up to the time when the order was first given to call the roll at seven o' clock, we had been accustomed to rise at eight o' clock.
1919 G. V. Bennett Junior High Sch. 156 In classes teachers must take the roll, and make a report to the principal.
1943 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 25 Mar. 4 a/7 When..[the] commander..calls the roll, he sounds like a stuck record as he arrives at the ‘w's’. The Weeks family..is responsible.
1966 H. Powdermaker Stranger & Friend xvii. 179 As the treasurer called the roll, each member arose and paid her dues of ten cents.
2007 A. L. Best Representing Youth ii. vi. 168 She called the roll using each student's full name and assigned class number.
II. A thing which has been rolled.
4. † a. A small quantity of cloth, wool, etc., rolled up to form an ornamental band or circle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > roll
roll1356
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > ornamental textiles > ornamental trimmings > [noun] > rouleau
roll1356
rouleau1772
rollio1802
1356 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 284 (MED) [One woman's furred hood, and one] rouel, 2 s.
1459 Inventory Fastolf's Wardrobe in Paston Lett. (1904) III. 175 Item, j hode of depe grene felwet, jakgyd uppon the rolle..Item, j hode of skarlet with a rolle of purpill felwet, bordered with the same felwet; Item, j hode of blake satayne, the rolle of blake felwet.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxviijv Golde and purple veluet, embrodered with litle rolles of white sattin.
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iii. f. 16v The diadeame the kyng were vpon his head..had a roule about yt of white and grene.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies vi. xii. 456 A red rowle of wooll, more fine then silke, the which hung in the middest of his forehead.
1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 318 Set it upon a Wreath, or rowl of Straw or Rushes.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 328 To keep them [sc. ants] from Trees, incompass the Stem four Fingers breadth with a Circle or Roll of Wooll newly pluck'd from a Sheep's Belly.
1779 W. Thompson New Gardener's Cal. 100 The hives..may consist of twelve rolls of straw.
b. = roller n.1 10a. Cf. roll bandage n. at Compounds 3. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > bandage > [noun] > rolled bandage
rolla1400
roller?a1425
rollingc1450
roller bandage1771
woolder1823
roll bandage1834
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 35 (MED) Bynde þe wounde togidere aboue þe plumaciols wiþ a rolle þat goiþ ouerþwert aftir þis lettre x.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 126 (MED) Abouen al þat schal be leid a drie plumaciol & bounden to wiþ a rolle & þat it be not losid in to þe fifþe or þe seuenþe day.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iii. sig. Lij Ye fore ende of the sayde rolle oughte to be sewed. And yf nede be there ought to take dyuers rolles.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 306/2 We must rowle the same..with narrowe rowles, or with Fetles, according to the constitution of the disease.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια vii. iii. 436 The vse of this Pericranium is to binde and rowle the scull on the outside round about as it were with a rowle or swathing band whereby his bones are firmed.
1655 Natura Exenterata 84 Set him upon a stool upright, and lay one of these Plaisters upon the sore place, then roll him hard with a Roll of a quarter of a yard broad, of good stiff cloth.
1883 F. A. Lyons tr. L. von Lesser Surg. Emergencies 24 In order to obtain an energetic compression it is advisable to insert below the crossing point of the two parts, above the Ligamentum Poupartii, a roll or bandage.
1918 N. C. Morse Emergencies of Gen. Pract. v. 162 The antiseptic gauze being placed over the injured parts, a second roll or bandage is necessary to hold the dressings in place.
c. A quantity of raw material (esp. wool) which has been rolled up in the process of carding, in preparation for spinning. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > carding
carding1600
roll1768
1768 R. Dossie Mem. Agric. I. 98 Without other assistance of the hand, than to supply the carded cotton, take away the finished roll of thread; and rectify any accidental disorders of the operation.
1791 J. Atkinson Let. 21 Sept. in T. Jefferson Papers (1986) XXII. 156 A Slabbing Machine..which takes of the Rolls from the carding Machine and prepares them for Spinning fine Thread on the spinning Machines.
c1816 Edinb. Encycl. VII. 286 Children are employed to lift the rolls or rowans from the carding engine, and unite them on the feeding-cloth.
1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 169 The fleece..is turned out in rolls called cardings, upon an endless cloth placed in front of and beneath the fluted cylinder.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1962/1 Roll, a carding of wool.
1920 F. W. Coburn Hist. Lowell vii. 165 The length of the rolls issuing from the carding machine was limited to the breadth of the card.
1962 Agric. Hist. 36 103/1 These rolls were brought back for spinning at home.
1964 N. Turman Eastern Shore Virginia xi. 153 The wool was washed, carded into rolls of fiber about ten inches long and spun into thread on spinning wheels.
2003 M. Bennett Oatmeal & Catech. (ed. 2) 204 These pieces of soft, carded wool, rolls or rolags, as they were called..were then laid aside in a basket till there was enough to begin spinning.
5.
a. A quantity of lengthy thin or sheet-like material (esp. fabric or paper), rolled or wound up in a cylindrical form; this as a fixed measurement. Cf. toilet roll n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [noun] > cylindrical object > formed by rolling
roll1378
rouleau1788
scroll1853
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [noun] > cylindrical object > formed by rolling > of soft material
roll1378
toilet roll1881
kitchen roll1931
1378–9 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 181 (MED) In tribus roll de worset..pro staminis faciend., 24 s.
1391 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 89 (MED) Pro vno rolle de satyn nigri..v marc.
1440–1 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 627 Pro 2 Rollez de Say pro camera Prioris, 16s.
1459 Inventory Fastolf's Wardrobe in Paston Lett. (1904) III. 180 Item, ij rollys of lynen clothe, bothe not moten.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 167 A hundred rolles of silke.
a1500 MS Vesp. E.ix f. 90, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Rolle In Cornewall and in Devynschire be rolles of clothe whyche schold hold xv yerdes; also a roll of fryse schold hold xla. yerdes and more.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 14 For euery rolle, packe, or maunde of cony skynnes, xviii.s. sterlynge.
1612 A. Hopton Concordancy of Yeares 164 A Rowle of parchment is 5 dozen, or 60 skins, a dozen is 12 skins.
1660 Act 12 Chas. II c. 4. Sched. Buckrams of the East country the roule or half-piece, v.s.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 99 I felt..the Roll of English Lead,..but it was too heavy to remove.
1806 in B. C. Payette Northwest (1964) 293 Note of goods received..35 Rolls North West Twist.
1849 C. Dickens David Copperfield (1850) ix. 91 Showing me a roll of cloth which he said was extra super.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 517 Quantities of gold dust, rolls of rich velvets, silks, satins, &c.
1909 Daily Chron. 25 Sept. 4/7 The first to use the printing machine which printed from a roll of paper.
1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 190/1 (advt.) This beautiful enamelled steel ‘Cabinette’ to hold wax paper roll for kitchen wall.
1932 W. James Big-Enough v. 69 Billy followed his dad thru the scattered tarpaulin-covered rolls of bedding.
1966 A. MacLean When Eight Bells Toll v. 111 Back in the wheelhouse, I cut a twenty foot length from a roll of PVC electric wiring cable.
2001 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 26 Aug. 8 A virtually deserted..factory, which houses tired-looking fabric-drying and dying machines, huge rolls of raw cloth and just 34 workers per shift.
b. A length of photographic or cinematographic film supplied wound on to a spool.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > types of film
film negative1871
roll1889
roll film1895
reversal film1929
colour film1930
lenticular film1934
pan1940
test strip1940
flat film1950
integral tripack1953
lith1955
overhead transparency1966
1889 N.Y. Times 31 July 8/2 Mr. Milburn showed a roll of film last night that would accommodate forty exposures.
1890 Anthony's Phot. Bulletin 3 322 There is no scope for so fixing the roll holder in its case.
1925 Kodak Mag. July 109 It is quite a good idea to develop just one or two rolls, to make sure that you are giving correct exposures.
1960 O. Skilbeck ABC of Film & TV Working Terms 110 Some Magazines hold..only two hundred feet of Stock and the Rolls are smaller than normal.
2004 Dive Sept. 79/1 The digital camera gives me up to 400 magazine-quality image on a 1Gb flashcard, which is a huge improvement over the 36 chances on a roll of film.
c. = music roll n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > [noun] > pianola roll
music roll1878
roll1899
pianola roll1905
piano roll1912
1899 Music July 290 In order to play fine music upon it [sc. the Pianola] one has to have first of all the rolls of the music.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 767/1 The use of the perforated roll acts by means of the ingenious and indeed faultless application of pneumatic leverage to the ordinary piano.
1928 Melody Maker Feb. 161/3 Holding back the licenses of the ‘Mechanical’ reproductions on records and rolls.
1972 Jazz & Blues Oct. 6/3 Changing the playing speed of the roll does not alter the pitch.
1994 Antique Collector June 50/2 The organ also had a self-playing mechanism, so J.D.R. could put in a roll and listen to music whenever he was so moved.
6.
a. An item of food that is rolled up, esp. round a filling before being cooked.Frequently with distinguishing word indicating the type of filling used; for more established compounds, as egg, fig, jelly, pancake, sausage, spring, swiss roll, etc., see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > rolled-up food
roll1393
roulade1702
roll-up1856
1393 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 229 (MED) Item, pro li. di. rolle de figges, iij duc. xix s.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 46 (MED) Cruste Rolle: Take fayre smal Flowre of whete, nym Eyroun & breke þer-to & coloure þe past with Safroun; rolle it on a borde also þinne as parchement, rounde a-bowte as an oblye.
1730 C. Carter Compl. Pract. Cook 148 Lay in some Forc'd-meat Rolls.
?1760 A. Cook Professed Cookery (ed. 3) 22 For seven Force-meat Rolls in the Size, as they are ordered, will fill a large Top-dish with Gravy-sauce.
1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (ed. 2) xvi. 351 Excellent Meat Rolls. Pound..veal, chicken, or turkey... Form it into small rolls..; fold them in good puff-paste, and bake them.
1874 C. Rossetti Speaking Likenesses 53 Tea and coffee, and potato-rolls, and lunns.
a1944 K. Douglas Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) 62 Meat roll and excellent ersatz coffee graced our menu.
1969 E. A. Hammel in P. K. Bock Peasants in Mod. World 79 To eat the pastries of Zagreb or the grilled meats and cabbage rolls of Serbia.
2001 C. H. Munson Ultimate Slow Cooker Cookbk. 126 Pour the broth mixture over the steak rolls in the crockery pot.
b. A small portion of bread which has been shaped into an individual (usually round or elongated) loaf before baking; this with a specified filling. bread, poppy-seed, sweet, wheat roll, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > roll
roll1581
bapc1600
wreath1600
breadcake1635
French roll1652
cookie1701
sugar-roll1727
petit pain1766
souter's clod1773
twist1830
simit1836
bread roll1838
pistolet1853
flute1855
twist-loaf1856
Parker House roll1873
crescent roll1886
bagel1898
Kaiser roll1898
buttery1899
croissant1899
split1905
pan de sal1910
bridge roll1926
Kaiser1927
Kaiser bun1933
Bialystok roll1951
pletzel1952
panini1955
bialy1958
Bialystok1960
1581 W. Fulke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iii. Q ij The sacramental bread..was..a rowle of bread.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Manchet bread or roule.
a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) iv. i. 332 These wemen present them with Rowles baked like dry Fritters.
a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 74 Waster Bread seems to be Rowles or fine manchet Bread used principally in Victualling Houses to drink with.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 23 Dec. (1948) II. 444 I have sat at home all day, and eaten only a mess of broth and a roll.
1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. ii. 98 Toast a whole French Roll, and put in the Middle of your Dish.
1790 Trans. Soc. Arts 8 155 It made very light breakfast rolls.
1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 11/2 New novels..are now looked for as regularly as rolls for the breakfast table.
1889 A. C. Gunter That Frenchman! iii. 25 He sits down to his rolls, eggs, and coffee.
1922 H. H. Richardson Maurice Guest (ed. 2) ix. 111 Dove, having eaten a ham-roll at the buffet on the stair, had ever since sat with his opera-glass glued to his face.
1969 J. Singer et al. tr. I. B. Singer Estate i. x. 122 There were fresh rolls in a straw basket, milk, sour milk, white cheese, Swiss cheese, and a vase full of flowers.
2000 Independent 2 May ii. 3/1 You could be sure that the food in the café would be terrible—a cup of tea and a soggy cheese roll.
c. A quantity of tobacco leaves rolled up into a cylindrical mass. Also occasionally as a mass noun.Recorded earliest in tobacco roll n. at tobacco n. Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > tobacco in a roll, cake, or stick
cane-tobacco1600
pudding tobacco1601
roll1602
tobacco roll1602
canea1612
pudding-packa1618
prick1666
pigtail1681
nova1688
prick tobacco1688
plug1729
plug tobacco1788
twist1791
carrot1808
cavendish1839
nail-rod1848
hard1865
twist tobacco1894
1602 J. Beaumont Metamorph. Tabacco sig. Fv How one that dreamt of a Tabacco roll, Though sick before, was straight made perfect whole.
1633 in W. W. Hening Statutes at Large: Coll. Laws Virginia (1823) I. 205 Noe tobacco..shall be made upp in rolle except betweene the first day of August and the last day of October.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 203 That which the Ambassadors sent..consisted in..a Vessel of Aquavitæ, and a Roll of Tobacco.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 42 I raised fifty great Rolls of Tobacco on my own Ground,..and these fifty Rolls being each of above a 100 Wt. were well cur'd and laid by.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The generality of Tobacco in America is there sold in Rolls, of various Weights.
1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 127 Tobacco in the roll.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 17/1 The finest tobacco however is made into rolls, which from their shape are called carrots.
1898 Daily News 23 Apr. 5/1 The rebate on tobacco..for the manufacture of cigars and roll.
1944 C. Drepperd Primer Amer. Antiques 233/1 Ladies' Twist, a dainty roll of flavored tobacco favored by ladies..as the most genteel manner of using tobacco.
1968 K. McMagh Dinner of Herbs 115 There were rolls of Transvaal tobacco.
1993 E. A. Eldredge S. Afr. Kingdom ix. 121 At other times traders sold tobacco by the roll.
d. A type of case or holder in the form of a length of fabric, leather, etc., which is rolled up to enclose its contents. Frequently with modifying word.
ΚΠ
1826 Cobbett's Weekly Reg. 14 Oct. 173 Not only the things on our bodies were soaked, but those also which we carried in little thin leather rolls, fastened on upon the saddles, before us.
1889 Gentleman's Mag. May 481 He handed the roll to Lord Fitzwalter, whose secretary opened it. Imagine the surprise of those two grave statesmen when nothing was found in it but a pack of cards!
1949 Pop. Mech. Mar. 101 The knife-and-fork roll with a complete assortment of tableware.
1988 M. Binchy Silver Wedding vii. 171 His leather briefcase and hand-made shoes were locked in the boot of the hired car with Renata's..jewellery roll.
1998 Guardian 25 July (Weekend Suppl.) 39 Neal's Yard Remedies' travel roll—containing such natural medicinal delights as lavender essential oil.
2001 Art Room Catal. Autumn 67/3 The predominantly cotton roll features one full-length pocket, three zipped pockets and a poppered bar for rings and earrings.
e. Originally U.S. and Australian slang. A number of banknotes rolled together; (hence) the money a person possesses. a roll Jack Rice couldn't jump over (Australian slang): a large quantity of money .
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > of an individual or company
exchequer1619
finances1686
bank balance1805
fisc1820
one's own poke-nook1821
roll1846
bankroll1849
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun] > a banknote > roll of
roll1846
bankroll1849
Michigan bankroll1920
poke1926
1830 C. M. Sedgwick Clarence II. viii. 143 She stowed away the separate rolls of bills in her pocket-book.
1836 W. Dunlap 30 Years Ago 6 His father took him apart, and bestowed on him a roll of hard dollars.]
1846 Dollar Newspaper (Philadelphia) 22 Apr. 4/6 He also had a roll which he said contained $600.
1868 H. L. Williams Black-Eyed Beauty 42 The beat turns red and walks over to her, and gives her a roll.
1896 J. F. Lillard Poker Stories 57 He lost a couple of times just to flash his roll.
1907 ‘O. Henry’ Trimmed Lamp & Other Stories 171 He drew out his ‘roll’ and slapped five tens upon the bar.
1919 H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill ii. 62 [He] asked her how big her roll was, saying that he lived out there and it cost something to make a home.
1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. v. 107 A man..may even be fortunate enough to have a roll Jack Rice couldn't jump over. Jack Rice was a racehorse noted for his performances over hurdles.
2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 132 The deli owner paid me cash money from a fat roll in his pocket.
f. A rolled-up quantity of an illegal drug.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a quantity of > rolled up
roll1953
1953 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 4 Mar. 46/3 Emerick was seen to toss away a paper roll of heroin.
1962 ‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed v. 36 Loaded. Full of heroin. Carrying a roll, too.
1976 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 21 Jan. 45/3 Bruce denied any knowledge of the roll, claiming his suitcase had been left unopened in the motel.
2006 S. Chambers Mayors & Schools 293 The street dealer usually earns one roll for himself for every five rolls he sells.
7. † d. Some kind of cut of ox meat. Obsolete. rare.
a. A (usually small) quantity of a soft substance formed into a cylindrical or spherical mass.
ΚΠ
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 592 Take the ryndes of þe rootes ywaschen and caste awaye þe ynner ropy stokke; Seþe ham fynely wel with swete water and stampe ham and make þerof rolles [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. magdalions] and kepe ham.
1494 Edinb. Hammermen f. 7, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rol(l, Row For a row of wax to the mes.
?a1547 Ten Recipes Henry VIII in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. ix. 221 When it [sc. the plaster] is nere colde, make yt in rolles.
?a1547 Ten Recipes Henry VIII in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. ix. 221 Styrring it vntill it be plaster-wyse; and so make it vppe in rolles.
1619 in C. Innes Bk. Thanes Cawdor (1859) 248 Ane roll of brunt wax.
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 29 It..was a pectorall Roule wee prepar'd for you to swallow downe to your heart.
?1790 J. Imison Curious & Misc. Articles (new ed.) 85 in School of Arts (ed. 2) Pour it into water, and immediately make it up in rolls, and it is fit for use.
1809 R. Powell tr. London Pharmacopœia (ed. 2) 324 [The soap plaster] must be formed into rolls when it begins to thicken.
1896 Daily News 30 July 5/2 Ireland sells its butter by the cask and firkin; England, by the pound, and ‘roll’ of 24 ounces, the stone, and the hundredweight.
1923 Man 23 3 A quantity of chopped grass..is then mixed with it and it is then repounded and worked into small rolls.
1964 H. Hodges Artifacts i. 26 The walls of the vessel are formed by the addition of sausage-shaped rolls of clay of various lengths.
1999 J. Paré Company's Coming 93/1 If you miss the crucial point of pouring fudge just before it sets, it can be shaped into rolls and coated with crushed or finely chopped nuts.
b. A protruding mass of excess flesh or fat on the body. Frequently with of.
ΚΠ
1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis ii. f. 13v His necke was brawnd with rolles of flesh.
1580 J. Stow Chrons. of Eng. 1213 An vgly & strange Monster, which had..ouer the forehead a roule of flesh, which might be turned vp with ones finger.
1717 J. Addison tr. Ovid Europa's Rape 27 Large rolls of fat about his shoulders clung.
1826 R. P. Gillies Tales Voyager to Arctic Ocean I. 178 The rolls of fat..encompassed his neck and pillowed it up.
1873 F. Boyle To Cape for Diamonds xv. 211 Stark to the waist, she showed such monstrous rolls of fat as made one shudder.
1905 M. H. Lansdale tr. G. Deledda After Divorce viii. 120 His flesh hung down in yellow, flabby rolls.
1969 Chicago Tribune 25 Mar. c1/6 The Californian continued to shake the rolls of flab around Mathis' bulging middle with left hooks.
2007 Pembroke (Ont.) Observer (Nexis) 9 Feb. 6 I do sit-ups and crunches every day, but I still can't get rid of this roll.
c. A stack of coins or sweets wrapped and held in a cylindrical package.
ΚΠ
1751 J. Hill tr. H. F. de La Solle Mem. Man of Pleasure I. 93 [He] begged I would lend him that sum. I directly put the roll of gold destined for Clelia into his hand.
1837 P. S. D'Rozario Dict. Lang. Spoken in Bengal Presidency 424 Rouleau, a roll of coins made up in a paper.
1865 E. Jolly Cypresses I. iii. 38 She would have liked a packet of bank-notes or a roll of gold pieces better than these pretty things, I do believe.
1929 Evening State Jrnl. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 1 May 1/4 The machines cough out one roll of sweets for each nickel deposited.
1972 Newsweek 25 Sept. 46/2 Uncirculated coins, at face value in rolls of 10 only.
2003 N. Slater Toast 27 I spent most of my money on sweets that made your tongue sore: acid drops, sherbet lemons,..and roll after roll of Refreshers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > other cuts or parts
tild1342
ox foota1398
oxtaila1425
neat's foot?c1450
beef-flick1462
sticking piece1469
ox-tonguea1475
aitch-bone1486
fore-crop?1523
sirloin1525
mouse-piece1530
ox-cheek1592
neat's tongue1600
clod1601
sticking place1601
skink1631
neck beef1640
round1660
ox-heart1677
runner1688
sticking draught1688
brisket-beef1697
griskin1699
sey1719
chuck1723
shin1736
gravy beef1747
baron of beef1755
prime rib1759
rump and dozen1778
mouse buttock1818
slifta1825
nine holes1825
spauld-piece1828
trembling-piece1833
shoulder-lyar1844
butt1845
plate1854
plate-rand1854
undercut1859
silver-side1861
bed1864
wing rib1883
roll1884
strip-loin1884
hind1892
topside1896
rib-eye1926
buttock meat1966
onglet1982
1884 Harper's Mag. July 299/1 The division is made into..loins, ribs, mess, plates, chucks, rolls, rumps.
8. A part of any object or article which is rolled or turned over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > a fold
foldc1325
plya1500
roll1509
ploy1558
implexure1578
folding1669
plication1701
1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) lvii. sig. O.ii The nosegay at theyr eres, orylyettes, rolles in theyr kerchefes peked on hye.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. vi. l. 172 Evyn betwix the helm [Turnus] can hym arras And vmast roll or hem of hys curas.
1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iv. 117 The two Rowls beginning at each edge of the Leaf, and meeting in the middle.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 15. ⁋4 I saw the Fellow..hide Two Cards in the Roll of his Stocking.
1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 10 The Rolls of his Stockings fell down to his Ankles.
1821 tr. A. P. de Candolle & K. Sprengel Elements Philos. Plants 55 The roll (ochrea) is commonly a cylindrical membrane... It appears as a peculiar organ in the Polygoneæ and Cyperoideæ.
1841 S. Warren Ten Thousand a-Year III. iii. 111 He had two waistcoats, the under one a sky-blue satin, (only the roll visible).
1898 Hutchinson's Arch. Surgery IX. 363 The first was in the roll of the reflected prepuce.
1900 Cycl. Amer. Hort.: E–M 807/2 (caption) Cocoon of promethea moth. Made in the roll of a leaf.
1959 M. Richler Apprenticeship D. Kravitz I. xii. 82 His green sports jacket had wide shoulders, a one-button roll, and brown checks.
2007 S. Guagliumi Knitting Cuff to Cuff 31/1 A single ridge of garter stitch..can be a good place to hide increases if you work the roll on fewer stitches.
9.
a. A round cushion or pad of hair or other material, forming part of a woman's headdress. Also figurative. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > accessories worn in the hair > [noun] > pad or cushion
roll1532
cock-up1692
cushion1774
system1778
toque1817
rat1863
mouse1866
1532 R. Whitford Pype or Tonne xxv. f. lv I haue sene some religious women were rolles, and pastes, as worldly people.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 44 Take from them, their..Iewells, their rowles, their boulsterings, and thou shalt soone perceiue that a woman is the least parte of hir selfe.
1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xviii. sig. X4v The pitchie night puts on a blacker rowle.
1600 J. Lyly Midas i. ii ‘Now you can say no more of the head, begin with the purtenances...’ ‘The purtenances! it is impossible to reckon them vp... Hoods, frontlets,..ribbons, roles’ [etc.].
1654 MS. Diary For a silver Cawl and Rowl for my sister... For a black Cawl and Rowl.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 145 Large flat Plats of Gold upon the hinder part of her Head, something in the place of a Roll as our Women wear.
1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal ii. i. 15 Your hair combed smoothly over a roll.
1833 Lady Morgan Manor Sackville ii, in Dramatic Scenes I. 100 I do think the hair, drawn up over that roll,—the system, as dear old Mother Quigley calls it,—is most becoming.
1871 Monthly Packet Nov. 486 Her white hair combed over a roll under her cap.
1911 W. E. Curtis Around Black Sea xvii. 358 She usually brushes her hair straight over a roll and coiled at the back of her head in the old-fashioned way.
1992 B. Anderman Brit. Paintings 46/2 The raised hair, combed over a roll and plaited into a knot at the top, and sleeves held up by laces looped around small buttons are fashions characteristic of the mid to later 1760s.
b. A mass of hair rolled or wound in a (more or less) cylindrical form as a feature of a hairstyle. Cf. French roll n. 2, neck-roll n. (b) at neck n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > other specific styles of hair
roll1538
puff1601
Tuscan-top1602
cock-up1692
turban1727
bird's nest1730
rooter1840
coxcomb1843
roach1872
flop1900
Buster Brown1904
peppercorn1910
upsweep1946
bouffant1955
beehive1960
Prince Valiant1964
blow-dry1966
Mary Stuart1966
bouffy1970
Mohawk haircut1979
Mohican1983
fauxhawk2000
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Antiæ, the heare of a woman, that is layde ouer hir foreheed, nowe gentylwomen do call them their rolles.
1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. i. 6 They..tye vp their haire to the crowne of their heads in rolles, like a Snailes shell.
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 191 The Hair of their Heads is made into a long Roll like a Horses Tail, and bound round with..Beads.
1774 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. 24 June in Jrnl. & Lett. (1965) 124 Her Hair is a light Brown, it was crap'd up, with two Rolls at each side.
1874 Temple Bar 41 54 Their hair..is piled up in a wonderful pyramid of..rolls all so stiff that they stand alone without the aid of pads, roulets, puffs, or hair-pins.
1907 Los Angeles Times 6 Oct. vii. 3/1 To acquire the huge roll it was necessary to rat the hair.
1947 ‘A. P. Gaskell’ Big Game 96 All the rolls were washed out of her hair and her make-up was streaky.
2003 C. Birch Turn again Home ii. 24 Violet was..standing in front of the fire looking into the mirror and tinkering with her rolls of hair.
c. A ring-shaped pad, worn typically by a woman, in order to facilitate the carrying of heavy articles on the head; cf. wreath n. 1d. Now rare (English regional (Yorkshire) in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > pad for head
wreath1519
roll1548
wrase1565
writh1570
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Arculum, a roll that women do weare on their heades, to beare water or milk easily, a wase.
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis ii. i. i. 182 A..Ring of Wood, almost in the shape of a Womans Head-Roll, but not so big.
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 1083 A roll for a woman's head, to carry things on, arculus.
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 265 Those rolls our prudent milk maids make use of to fix their Pails upon.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words Roll, a circular pad, more or less annular in form, worn on the head by females who have to carry or support a heavy weight with that member.
1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. Roll, a circular pad or wreath placed on the head of women when they have heavy loads to carry on their heads.
d. A piece of cloth forming a turban. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > turban > material worn as a turban
roll1553
sash1599
sesse1718
tignon1884
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bvj Theyr heades bounde aboute with listes & rowles of sundry coloures after the maner of the Turkes.
1572 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 174 Bumbast to stuf Rowles for the Turkes heades.
1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 169 About his head a linnen rowle.
1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. xvii. 151 They weare linnen rowles about their heads..in Vlster carelesly wonde about.
1760 Naval Chron. 1 117 They wear a Roll or Turban round the Head, in the Turkish Fashion.
1857 S. Glover Cradle of Liberty (Costume section) Small gray roll or turban on head.
1918 C. S. Cooper Understanding S. Amer. x. 154 The ordinary soldier used the regulation costume of the provinces, wearing a turban or a roll of different coloured cloths about their heads.
e. A stuffed pad tied around the waist to give extra support or shape to a gown or petticoat. Frequently, and in earliest use, in bum roll n. at bum n.1 and int.2 Compounds 2. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > contrivance for expanding skirts > bustle, pads, or cushion
bum roll1602
roll1602
Scotch bum1607
Scotch fall1607
rump roll1707
rump1710
bustle1786
bustler1787
cushion1806
dress improver1842
improver1844
bishopa1860
tournure1872
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. sig. Cv Before I disbast my selfe, from my Hood and my Fartingall, to these Bumrowles, and your Whale-bone Bodies. View more context for this quotation
1603 Accts. Treasurer Scotl. f. 275v To..hir maiesteis mr. tailȝeour for threid, ballin, claspis, and rowis.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Hausse-cul, a French Vardingale; or (more properly) the kind of roll vsed by such women, as weare..no Vardingales.
1639 Acct. Bk. J. Doune f. 54 Maid to ȝour vyfeis tabyne govne ane baiske and ane rowell.
1773 World Displayed 18 102 They gird themselves with a broad leather girdle, and underneath is a thick roll, which bears up the petticoats almost as high as the knees.
1776 J. Strutt Horda Angel-Cynnan III. 86 Those women who could not purchase the farthingales provided for themselves the bum-rolls.
1836 E. Baines Hist. Lancaster (new ed.) I. xiv. 570 The women who could not purchase these expensive commodities supplied their place with bum-rolls.
1883 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 374/1 I thought perhaps they wore under their skirts, to set them out, a roll, such as is worn by some of the Bavarian peasants.
1995 J. L. Singman Daily Life in Elizabethan Eng. vi. 99 Sometimes the roll was worn by itself to give a somewhat softer version of the wheel farthingale look.
2005 A. Blank in J. M. Todd J. Austen in Context iii. xxi. 237 The ‘robe anglaise’ required voluminous starched muslin kerchiefs, hip-pads and bum rolls to achieve the desired effect.
10.
a. A long, swelling wave, moving with a steady sweep or rolling motion. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > swelling or surging wave
swelling1387
jaw1513
surge1530
roll1535
brimmer1652
roller1829
beachcomber1859
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jonah ii. 3 All thy wawes and rowles of water went ouer me.
1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton xxiv. 262 I fixed myself firmly to resist the shock, and slightly bending, opposed my shoulder to the mighty roll of water, that now towered like a wall above us.
1978 B. Tufty 1001 Questions Answered 120 Sometimes the configuration of the land is such that tidal waves can create an astounding roll of water, several feet high.
2004 E. M. Bible Never go First 30 My mother told us many times of the five- to six-feet rolls that used to come down the Colorado River when she was a girl.
b. A mass of smoke, fog, etc., ascending or moving with a rolling motion. Usually in plural.
ΚΠ
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xiii. 167 Rolles of smoke did dark the day.
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia iv. 125 But now the Westerne world of Spaine, These rowles of clouds doth entertaine.
1794 J. Beresford tr. Virgil Æneid viii. 295 At bottom of the pit, Breathless night, in rolls of smoke, darkness with fire.
1844 G. Smith Relig. Anc. Brit. vii. 242 The smoke ascends in vast rolls from this dark gulf.
1857 Ladies' Repository June 454/1 Fresh rolls of mist came up and prevented any clear view.
1897 F. Palmer Going to War in Greece ix. 163 It was almost four o'clock when a roll of smoke arose from the foremost Greek line.
1935 Times 22 June 5/6 Dense rolls of fog blew in from the Channel.
1999 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 16 Sept. 1 c Winds whipped up rolls of dust.
2006 I. Lawrence Gemini Summer xxiii. 90 Clouds of smoke billowed in rolls.
11.
a. Architecture. A curl or volute, as used on Ionic or Corinthian capitals; a cylindrical moulding with a semicircular or three-quarter-circular section. Cf. roll and fillet n. at Phrases 2, roll moulding n. at Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > capital > parts of specific types of capital
caulis1563
helix1563
vase1563
voluta1563
cyllerie1592
codd1601
cilery1611
roll1611
turning1631
pillow1664
volute1696
tambour1706
collarino1715
annulet1728
colarin1728
drum1728
caulicoles1815
intervolute1831
bolster1842
stalk1842
horn1847
bell1848
cauliculusa1878
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Volute, the writhen circle, or curle tuft that hangs ouer, or stickes out of the chapter of a piller, &c.; and is tearmed by our workmen a Rowle, Cartridge, or Carthouse.
1660 tr. H. Blum Bk. Five Collumnes Archit. (new ed.) E j The lesser rowles.
1683 Inventory Donibristle 9–10 May Upon the tarres wall ane ston roll without a frame.
1787 W. Hutchinson Hist. & Antiq. Durham II. 230 The vaultings of the side ailes are semi-circular, and crossed with groined arches in plain rolls.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1026 Rolls..signifies in Gothic architecture mouldings representing bent cylinders.
1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. iv. 116 It is a tracery of three orders... The second and third orders are plain rolls.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 40/2 A portion of the stone on either side was cut away, thus leaving the cylindrical roll clearly defined.
1921 H. W. Elson Mod. Times & Living Past vi. 94 (caption) The more slender Ion′ic column rested on a base, and the capital was adorned with a spiral roll.
1968 N. Pevsner Worcestershire 302 The arch continues the quarter roll and then has steps.
2000 E. Fernie Archit. Norman Eng. (2002) ii. iv. 176 The south-east bay of the knave has angled bases and a rib profile of three rolls separated by angled fillets, as at Reading.
b. Building. A strip of wood, rounded on the top and fastened on the ridge or the lateral joints of a roof, over which metal is dressed in order to prevent the entrance of rainwater. Cf. hollow roll n. at hollow adj. and adv. Compounds 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > bargeboards, etc.
wind-barge1603
waterbargea1613
barge-course1668
roll1810
valley-board1823
verge-board1827
siding1829
barge-board1833
verge1833
verge-boarding1835
parge-board1840
snowboard1876
hollow roll1904
1810 U. Price Ess. Picturesque (new ed.) II. 339 Some of the old leaded roofs of our churches, where the sheets are small and the rolls large.
1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §1584 Lay on small joists..and rolls (pieces of wood rounded, to dress the edges of the lead over).
1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 78/2 The Water falling on such roof..is carried off, and rolls and seams are rendered unnecessary.
1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders I. viii. 141 The grey lead roofs were quite visible.., with their gutters, caps, rolls, and skylights.
1904 A. C. Passmore Handbk. Tech. Terms Archit. & Building 240/1 Nosing, The roll placed on the edge of a lead flat when the sides of the roof are slated.
1947 T. J. Reynolds & E. Kent Struct. Steelwork (ed. 8) iii. 35 In the case of flats..the rolls bear on the edges, and thus have a control on the width.
2005 S. Emmitt & C. Gorse Barry's Introd. to Constr. of Buildings vi. vii. 302 Lead, copper and zinc sheet are laid as comparatively small sheets dressed over rolls at junctions of sheet.
12. Meteorology and Physics. A low, cylindrical band of cloud, often occurring as one of a parallel series; (also more widely) a cylindrical flow of fluid about a horizontal axis.Cf. roll cloud n., roll cumulus n. at Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1875 Rep. Proc. Conf. Maritime Meteorol. 1874 55 The cumulus sometimes takes a cylindrical shape, forming itself into long horizontal rolls.
1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xlvii. 365 A striking roll of cumulus cloud may accompany the Burster, and there is usually heavy rain.
1969 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 14 504 The equations for the vorticity and the energy of longitudinal rolls may be readily derived.
1995 Countryman Summer 150 The Helm is also characterised by the Helm Bar, a stationary roll of cloud three or four miles out from the escarpment.
1998 Science 13 Feb. 1008 Mantle plumes between 100 and 150 kelvins hotter than the background mantle should exhibit small-scale convective rolls aligned with the plate motion.
13. Geology. A set of (esp. ore-bearing) strata with a C- or S-shaped vertical cross-section. Frequently attributive. Cf. roll n.2 10a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > roll
roll1883
1883 Rep. Production Precious Metals 1883 (U.S. Bureau of Mint) i. iv. 362 The ridges or rolls of lime have a general northeast and southwest course, and at the Nellie S. mine, in particular, seem to be slightly depressed toward the south.
1942 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 936. 363 The vanadium-bearing hydrous mica is..in part concentrated..in thin zones that cut across bedding. As the zones..are curved or wavy, they are called rolls by the miners.
1955 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 300. 239/1 Similarities between roll ore bodies and the more prevalent tabular ore bodies in sedimentary rocks of the Colorado Plateau.
1976 R. I. Rackley in K. H. Wolf Hand-bk. Strata-Bound & Stratiform Ore Deposits VII. iii. 116 The uranium ‘roll’ has long been known to uranium producers.
2000 R. C. Selley Appl. Sedimentol. (ed. 2) ii. 37 Uranium roll-front ores occur in the Colorado Plateau, Wyoming, New Mexico, and the Texas Gulf Coast.
III. A thing used in rolling.
14.
a. A roller used to crush, flatten, or draw out something, esp. in metalworking. Cf. roller n.1 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > flattening
roll1410
rolling stone1611
planisher1858
flatter1874
flattener1875
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > rolling equipment > roller or set of
roll1410
breaking-down rollers1839
planishing roller1839
plate roll1861
stand1873
bending rolls1874
1410 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 49 (MED) De ij bellos et j ventilabro, ij scotells, iiij buschels, et j met ac j roll.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) v. 70 (MED) They wol be crispe, her seed, yf that me crese, Or with a rolle or feet hem sprongon brese.
1563 T. Newbery Diues Pragmaticus sig. B1 Rowles for past, and for Bakers long peeles.
1609 Hilderstoun Silver Mines I. f. 170, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rol(l Claspis of irne to hald on the irne bandis on the rowis of the axtrie of the melting mylne.
1656 O. Cromwell in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1808) II. 411 Liberty to use all or any singular presses, rolls and cutters.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Rolls, in Coining, are two Iron Instruments of a cylindrical Figure, which serve to draw or stretch out the Plates of Gold, Silver, and other Metal.
1753 in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper Rec. App. ii. 127 Cast metallic Rolls for the crushing..or grinding of..any kind of Grain.
1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 184 The rollers or rolls of the ironworks are turned of a variety of forms.
1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 319 The Rolls employed for the conversion of the shingled bloom of malleable iron into puddled bar, or into merchant bars, plates, sections, &c.
1946 V. N. Wood Metall. Materials vi. 159 Each passage of the steel between the rolls is called a ‘pass’.
2006 R. A. Higgins Materials Engineers & Technicians (ed. 4) vii. 79 A steel-rolling shop consists of a powerful ‘two-high’ reversing mill..followed by trains of rolls.
b. A roller used for levelling soil or crushing clods of earth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > machine for breaking clods
rollerc1487
roll1558
clod-crusher1842
1558 in M. A. Havinden Househ. & Farm Inventories Oxfordshire (1965) 47 3 harrowes & a Role.
1634 Althorp MS in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. lxvii A stone roale for the walkes.
1655 B. W. in S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 107 This spreading of the Root is probable to be best effected by a Rowl, or some such thing.
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 248 A weighty Roll, not cut round, but octangular, the edges whereof meeting with the clods, would break them effectually.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 28 In Oxfordshire they have Rolls made with Steel Edges, which as they go round cut the Turf.
1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 107 Oxen are precisely as convenient..in the waggon, in carts, and tumbrills, in rolls, &c.
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 475 A one-horse roll then follows to level the flag, or furrow.
1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 483 I have found it advisable to use the roll occasionally to firm the soil.
1899 H. R. Haggard Farmer's Year 148 First a roll drawn by one horse is passed over the land.
1904 J. P. Kirk in Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 198/2 [S. Nottingham] On light land if the soil een't sad enough, a should sadden it with a Croskill roll.
1958 H. G. Sanders Outl. Brit. Crop Husbandry (ed. 3) 251 This puffiness at the surface [of light chalky land] is just what the roll is capable of correcting.
1988 J. A. R. Lockhart & A. J. L. Wiseman Introd. Crop Husb. (ed. 6) ii. 48/2 Rolls. These are used to consolidate the top few centimetres of the soil so that plant roots can keep in contact with the soil particles and the soil can hold more moisture.
c. Papermaking. A revolving cylinder with blades attached, used to work pulp in a vat. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > for pulping > parts of pulping machine
bottom plate1664
roll1838
1838 Saturday Mag. 29 Sept. 117 In this engine a cylinder, called a roll, revolves, which is generally made of a solid block of elm... Bars of steel are fixed to the circumference of the roll, parallel to one another, and also to the axis.
1873 C. Hofmann Manuf. Paper iii. 35 A stream of pure water..is thoroughly mixed with the pulp through the action of the roll.
1917 Rep. U. S. Federal Trade Comm. on News-print Paper Industry ii. 29 At the beginning of the operation the roll is raised slightly above the bedplate and then gradually lowered..until the fibers have been sufficiently torn apart.
15.
a. Weaving. In a handloom: a roller or beam round which the warp or the cloth is wound. Also with modifying word (cf. yarn-roll n. at yarn n. Compounds 2). Now historical and rare. In quot. a1425: a spindle, a reel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > operated in specific way > hand loom > parts of
rolla1425
seat-tree1790
seat-board1873
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 3 Alabrum, a rool.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Panus, also a weauers rolle, whereon the webbe of clothe is rolled or wounden.
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Loupe, the roll of a weauers loome.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xxi. 251/1 A weavers hand Roll.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) 'Tis on such Rolls that the Woollen, Silken, and other Threads are wound, whereof the Weaver's Works consist.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 835/2 From this opening the web..passes to the knee roll or web beam.., round which it is rolled by means of the spokes.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 835/2 Opposite to the breast-bar..is the cane-roll or yarn-beam.
1823 Mechanic's Mag. 143 As he was turning on his cane at the cane spreaders, he missed his hold of the role stick.
1917 J. Fales Dressmaking 70 Its teeth catch the edge of the material as it is woven and drawn forward to the cloth-beam, or roll.
b. A cylindrical piece of wood or metal used to facilitate the moving of something; a pulley or wheel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > roller
roller1295
rollc1425
pinch roll1953
c1425 MS Sloane 277 in R. V. Fleischhacker Lanfrank's Sci. Cirurgie (1894) 325 (note) (MED) The dislocacioun or restorynge of þis place is ryȝt dredeful..For whi, þer ben smale boones & havynge schapp of a rolle or polyne to drawe with water of wellis, whiche sumtyme, ouþer wiþ difficulte or in no manere, ben restorid.
1426–7 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 64 (MED) Also, payd for a rolle & ij goiouns of Iron & a rope.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Biv Vnderset the feet With sliding rolles.
1593 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 229 A towele rowle of wood, 2d.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 539 [They] could not be out of their places remoued, but..with leauers and roules put vnder them.
1683 J. Pettus tr. L. Ercker i. 52 in Fleta Minor i If you will have..your Silver hollow and thin for separation..granulate it over a Role.
1735 J. Price Some Considerations Stone-bridge Thames 8 The Ribs..may be let down on Rolls.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §259 Fitted out with a roll proper for heaving up the anchor and chains.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1027 s.v. When blocks of marble..are to be moved, they use what are called endless rolls.
1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 107 A roll or jumper..keeps each wheel in its place.
1925 J. Grant Amos's Processes of Flour Manuf. (new ed.) xviii. 159 In starting up the rolls, they must be carefully timed and in easy running, ready for final adjustment as the feed enters.
1970 R. W. Thomas Iron & Steel iv. 31/2 The rolls in the cogging mills have a number of raised protrusions.
2002 R. W. Rice Ceramic Fabrication Technol. vi. iii. 223 Earlier experiments focussed on placing ceramic sleeves on metal rolls to allow higher temperatures.
16. Nautical. A hollow cylinder which receives the handle of the tiller of a ship. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > tiller > handle attached to > part into which handle fitted
roll1611
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Molinet,..the roll wherein the whip of a Rudders tiller goes.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 12 The Whip-staffe..going thorow the Rowle, and then made fast to the Tiller with a Ring.
1638–9 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Shore Work Accts. (1972) 238 To 8 men in bringing our masts raes rudder rolls and keill of the wrak from the same to the schoir.
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. Roll, is that round piece of wood or iron, wherein the whip doth go.
1720 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Whip It goes thro' the Roll and is made fast to the Tiller with a Ring.
1987 B. Lavery Arming & Fitting Eng. Ships of War 15/1 It passed through the roll, or ‘rowle’... The rowle was placed in a fore and aft direction at the level of the upper deck.
17. Bookbinding. A pattern produced by a revolving patterned tool consisting of a small metal wheel and a long handle; (also) the tool used for this.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinding equipment > [noun] > tools
plough1580
fillet1641
roll1656
paper-folder1781
stamp1811
backing-hammer1818
bookstamp1819
lettering tool1833
book cutter1850
roller1852
hand letter1862
pallet1875
wagon1875
stop1880
jigger1883
gouge1885
guinea-edge1890
marbler1890
panel stamp1893
saddle stitcher1944
1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) Books in Rolls are those which have a Roll of Gold on the edges of the Cover.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. i. sig. Hhh4v/2 Roulette, à faire le bord des Livres, a Roll.
1779 E. Wolff En Dansk og Engelsk Ord-bog at Omsats-stempel A bookbinder's roll or tool.
1818 H. Parry Art of Bookbinding 25 Have a piece of rough calf leather to rub your tools, rolls, letters, etc. upon.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 402 The fillets produce lines of various thicknesses.., whereas the rolls are covered..with a complicated pattern.
1890 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Art of Bookbinding (ed. 2) xxiii. 118 Tools and Materials required for Finishing—Rolls, fillets, pallets.
1929 Times 29 Oct. xxii/4 Surfaces of fanciful design [are obtained] by pressing against specially-designed embossing rolls.
1979 A. Kent et al. Encycl. Libr. & Information Sci. XXVII. 122 The pattern of the application of rolls on many of the bindings recalls that on the Shild Binder's work.
1998 P. J. M. Marks Brit. Libr. Guide to Bookbinding 70 Late fifteenth-century panel stamps and rolls (blind-tooled) appeared in England, France and Germany, but use became more frequent in the sixteenth century.
Phrases
P1.
a.
roll of fame n. a list of people of enduring fame.
ΚΠ
1609 A. Craig Poet. Recreations sig. B The first of all for Vertue, wit, and Worth, That ever yet adorn'd the rols of fame.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 418 Happy King, whose name The brightest shines in all the rolls of fame.
1835 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. III. xxvi. 644 Names since immortalized in the rolls of fame were there assembled.
1921 H. E. Krehbiel tr. A. W. Thayer Life Beethoven I. ix. 117 He foretold..that the name, Beethoven, would stand next those of Mozart and Haydn on the roll of fame.
1999 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 15 May 3 The students of voice teacher Mary Parsons contribute to an impressive roll of fame of singers who have moved on to the worldwide stage.
b.
roll of honour n. a list of people whose achievements are honoured, or who have died in battle; cf. honour roll n. at honour n. Compounds 1c.
ΚΠ
1642 T. Morgan Welchmens Jubilee sig. A2 Whom she cherisheth alive, she will not permit to lie in the odious Sepulchre of Oblivion, nor suffer their names to be raced out of the rolles of honour.
1660 E. Waterhouse Disc. Arms & Armory 178 Princes, Prelates, Peers, Knights, Gentlemen, and others..must not be omitted in the roll of Honour.
1754 E. Lewis Ital. Husband 17 How he's not lowest in the Roll of Honour.
1865 Herald & Torch Light (Hagerstown, Maryland) 22 Mar. The General and the Sergeant are together before the throne. The one is remembered by name and many virtues on the roll of honour.
1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xii. 224 Why, your name would be in the Roll of Honour, and your photo in the Daily Mirror.
2001 Medal News Feb. 34/2 64 pages are devoted to a roll of honour with the name, number, rank, date of death and brief details of every officer killed in the line of duty.
P2.
roll and fillet n. Architecture a round moulding with a narrow band or fillet running across the centre of the face.Recorded earliest in attributive use.
ΚΠ
1838 J. Britton Dict. Archit. & Archæol. 395 Roll and Fillet-Moulding, a convex moulding with a square fillet projecting from its face.
1913 F. Bond Introd. Eng. Church Archit. II. 557 In later Gothic bases this necking is almost invariably present, either semicircular,..or a flowing form of the roll and fillet.
2006 A. Emery Greater Medieval Houses of Eng. & Wales iii. xviii. 646/2 Both cross-passage entries have four-centred heads with continuous roll and fillet mouldings and low four-centred rear arches.
Compounds
C1.
a. attributive, in sense ‘having the form of, made up in, a roll’.† roll lead n. Obsolete† roll worsted n. Obsolete
roll annatto n. [ < roll n.1 + anatto n.] now rare.
ΚΠ
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 384/2 This superior description, of which but little is imported, is known as roll arnotto.
1921 Surveys (U.S. Tariff Commission) 90 It is air-dried to a putty consistency and formed into rolls wrapped in banana leaves weighing 2 to 3 pounds: this is known as roll annatto.
roll bread n.
ΚΠ
1704 tr. Agreeable Crit. City of Paris 56 The Fellow who went out to by some, comes and tells me, That Roll-Bread, which I loved, was quite out of Fashion.
1848 W. E. Shuckard tr. J. M. Bechstein Chamber Birds 309 To get them into a state fit for song they must have a more generous diet, such as roll bread, meat, and many other things which come to table.
1915 Pop. Mech. June 903/2 An ordinary funnel was used for the front end of the balloon, a roll-bread tin for the body of it, and a jelly mould at the rear.
1999 M. Shibatani & S. A. Thompson Gramm. Constr. vii. 174 Otto gives the child pieces of roll bread.
ΚΠ
1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 358/1 Improvements in roll-lead and other soft metals.
ΚΠ
1442 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §31. m. 3 Rolle worsted, .xxx. yardes long, and demi yard brode large.
b. attributive and objective (in sense 6).† roll fashion n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1583 A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion sig. Q.ii This thing [sc. bread] is of long shape, or rowle fashion.
1888 S. J. White Housekeepers & Homemakers vi. 69 Spread each one with soft or melted butter, and fold together in the genuine roll fashion.
roll man n.
ΚΠ
1844 J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & Widows III. xxxvii. 24 The milkman, the rollman, the butterman.
1977 R. E. F. Smith Peasant Farming in Muscovy ii. ix. 210 There are only two references to dealers in processed grain products in the countryside. One is to a bread man.., the other to a roll man.
roll-munching adj.
ΚΠ
1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard viii. 210 The bar was packed with fat roll-munching office workers.
c. attributive and objective, in the sense ‘relating to manufacturing processes using rolls’.
roll press n.
ΚΠ
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 3 I found those points that had been made by a Copper-plate, and Roll-press, to be as misshapen as those which had been made with Types.
1853 C. Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts (1854) II. 563/2 Copper-plate and lithographic printing is performed at a roll-press.
1991 Res. Jrnl. Water Pollution Control Fed. 63 410/1 To prepare dried sludge for fertilizer use, pressure agglomeration by compaction with a roll press, granulation, and screening were used.
roll printing n.
ΚΠ
1889 J. Alden Souvenir & Official Programme Centennial of Washington's Inauguration xxxix. 384 A machine so constructed that the length of sheet cut might be changed to any size, thus making the utility of roll printing-presses for general work possible.]
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 198 Printing from continuous paper is known as ‘web-printing’, ‘roll-printing’, or ‘reel-printing’.
1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 172/1 This matrix or ‘mat’ is then baked and used for making a metal plate for flat or roll printing.
2003 Arch. Amer. Art Jrnl. 43 Nos. 3–4. 59/1 Fifty additional pages of notes concerning techniques of reticulation and roll printing, a typescript of a lecture, [etc.].
roll train n. now chiefly historical
ΚΠ
1854 U.S. Patent 10,751 2/2 Making chairs for railroad rails by passing the hot mill bars..by the same working hands usual at roll train.
1905 Iron & Steel Mag. 10 510 If the gas engine be coupled directly with the roll train the stoppages required for overhauling will not be compatible with proper working of the train.
1980 Business Hist. Rev. 54 158 Once the converted iron was removed from the furnace it was rolled into a slab by means of a waterpowered roll train located in the puddling mill.
roll turner n.
ΚΠ
?1774 Birmingham Directory sig. 4v Ford, Richard, Smith & Roll Turner, 53, Smallbrooke st.
1884 Birmingham Daily Post 24 Jan. 3/4 Rollturners.—Journeymen Wanted.
1954 V. L. Allen Power in Trade Unions ii. ii. 173 British Roll Turners' Trade Society.
2008 J. Seabrook Flash of Genius 6 A roll turner for the Great Lakes Steel Corporation.
C2. Relating to sense 1c.† Rolls-Arbitrer n. Obsolete an arbitrator in the Rolls court.
ΚΠ
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas I. Posthumus Bartas 112 in Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) First a Student (vnder others awe) Then Barister,..Then Queens-Solic'tor, then Roules-Arbitrer [Fr. D'escollier advocat, d'advocat conseiller, Puis apres president, et encor chancelier].
Rolls Buildings n. now historical the buildings on Chancery Lane used to house the records of the Court of Chancery.
ΚΠ
1731 Addit. Lists Attornies & Solicitors 35 Thomas Brafield Of the Rolls Buildings, Fetter-lane.
1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 70/1 Rolls-Court, the Court of the Master of the Rolls, of which there are two, one at Westminster,..the other in the Rolls Buildings in Chancery Lane.
1922 H. Jenkinson Man. Arch. Admin. 30 The present Public Record Office occupies the site of the old Rolls Buildings and Chapel.
1989 A. Foss & K. Trick St. Andrew's Hosp. (2007) ii. 21 The estimate submitted by John Elliott of Rolls Buildings, Fetter Lane, London, was accepted, subject to satisfactory references.
Rolls Chapel n. now historical a chapel attached to the Rolls House on Chancery Lane, in which some of the records of the Court of Chancery were formerly stored.The records were moved to the Public Record Office in 1856 and the chapel was demolished in 1895.
ΚΠ
1676 C. Goodall Colledge of Physicians Vindicated Postscript sig. O I understood that the Records of the Parliament..were to be seen at the Rolls Chappel.
1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1710) ii. iii. 571 Six Clerks of the Rolls-Chappel.
1844 W. J. Thoms Bk. Court (ed. 2) 262 The more ancient of the Records..have been from time to time removed from the Rolls Chapel to the Tower of London.
1920 Eng. Hist. Rev. 35 104 The repository for a parliament roll was the Rolls Chapel.
2001 A. E. McGrath Christian Lit. lxii. 501 After studying at Oriel College, Oxford, he went on to be preacher at the Rolls Chapel.
Rolls Court n. now historical either of two courts presided over by the Master of the Rolls.
ΚΠ
1797 Boyle's City Guide 58/2 (heading) Rolls Court.
1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 70/1 Rolls-Court, the Court of the Master of the Rolls, of which there are two, one at Westminster,..the other in the Rolls Buildings in Chancery Lane.
1915 M. M. Bodkin Recoll. Irish Judge xiii. 136 A somewhat loose practice had crept into the Rolls Court—where he for a long time presided—regarding the payment of funds out of court.
2004 Law & Hist. Rev. 22 411 The report was itself very cautious on the question of personnel and recommended that the Vice Chancellor's court should be given an independent jurisdiction, such as that possessed by the Rolls court.
Rolls edition n. an edition of a text published as part of the Rolls Series.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > historical narrative > [noun] > types of historical narrative or work > specific
Rolls Series1860
Rolls edition1862
1862 Notes & Queries 12 Apr. 288/2 His valuable Preface to the Rolls edition of the Friar's Works.
1917 H. H. Howorth Golden Days of Early Eng. Church I. Introd. p. cxv These works I have quoted from the Rolls editions.
2003 B. Bergonzi Victorian Wanderer ix. 212 The Rolls editions were works of scholarship at its purest and most disinterested.
Rolls House n. now historical the official residence of the Master of the Rolls; (also) one of the Rolls Buildings (Rolls Buildings n.).
ΚΠ
1714 A. Collins Suppl. 24 in Peerage Eng. (new ed.) II. ii. The House of the converted Jews, now the Rolls House.
1809 Brit. Encycl. IV. at Master of the rolls The rolls house is for his habitation.
1911 Times 25 Feb. 10 In the early years of the office the Master of the Rolls managed the administration and discipline, because..his court was in the Rolls House.
2000 J. Richardson Ann. London 177 Rebuilding the Rolls House. The old House..which had been used for storing the rolls and records of the Court of Chancery since the reign of Edward III, was demolished this year [1717] and a new building was begun.
Rolls Series n. a collection of historical materials relating to Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages, published under the direction of the Master of the Rolls.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > historical narrative > [noun] > types of historical narrative or work > specific
Rolls Series1860
Rolls edition1862
1860 National Rev. Oct. 373 No work already in print shall be published in the Rolls Series till the manuscripts in the public archives are exhausted.
1921 H. G. Leach Angevin Brit. & Scand. 396 The translation in the Rolls Series, though sometimes irritating to the present writer, is used, to avoid confusion of texts.
2003 D. A. Carpenter Struggle for Mastery 541 The Latin texts of most of the works she discusses were published in the second half of the nineteenth century as part of the Rolls Series.
C3.
roll bandage n. = roller n.1 10a; cf. sense 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > bandage > [noun] > rolled bandage
rolla1400
roller?a1425
rollingc1450
roller bandage1771
woolder1823
roll bandage1834
1834 W. H. Thomas Surg. & Descr. Anat. Bones, Ligaments, & Joints 147 Use a roll bandage to be brought over the head.
1951 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 81 260/2 Moderate pressure with roll bandage.
1994 Independent (Nexis) 11 Nov. 28 The other women strip off, pulling jock-straps and roll bandages from their kit bags.
roll-bearer n. historical a monk charged with the duty of visiting religious institutions in order to gather on a roll prayers for the soul of a recently deceased bishop, abbot, etc.
ΚΠ
1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. 381 A messenger, called from his office the Roll-bearer, carried it.
1904 Proc. Cambr. Antiq. Soc. 384 Entries of the ecclesiastical houses visited by the roll-bearer for the purpose of gaining prayers.
1991 P. D. Johnson Equal in Monastic Profession 97 The roll bearer wandered around in a somewhat haphazard fashion, in some towns stopping at practically every religious institution.
roll boiling n. Manufacturing Technology (now rare) a process for giving lustre to woollen fabric by subjecting a tightly-wound roll of fabric to boiling water or steam; cf. roller boiling n. at roller n.1 Compounds 5.
ΚΠ
1825 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 9 234 The introduction of steam in this way, is found to be superior in its effects to the process of roll boiling.
1909 H. A. Metz Year-bk. Colorists & Dyers 1908 64 This test shows whether it is possible to use this color on cotton in half-wool goods where the dyes are required to stand roll boiling.
1962 U.S. Patent 3,051,544 1 Conventionally, a luster finish..is produced by a series of finishing operations involving hot water or steam treatments such as crabbing, blowing or decatizing and potting or roll boiling in combination with mechanical operations.
roll brimstone n. now rare = roll sulphur n.
ΚΠ
1730 T. Short Diss. upon Tea 30/2 I boiled half an Ounce of powder'd roll Brimstone in a Pint of Water.
1811 Statist. Acct. Towns & Parishes (Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci.) I. 26 An effective defence against this [worm] may be obtained by smearing the tree..with tar; an ointment of roll brimstone and hog's lard, [etc.].
1903 S. Rideal Disinfection & Preservation Food xii. 343 The amount of gas required for the disinfection of a moderately-sized room can be obtained by burning 1½ lbs. of roll brimstone in a pipkin over a small fire placed in the middle of a room.
roll carding n. now historical carding of wool, cotton, etc., by means of a machine with cards mounted on a roll.
ΚΠ
1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 168 The finisher or roll-carding-engine differs from the scribbler in several particulars.
1881 W. C. Bramwell Wool-carders' Vade-mecum (ed. 3) iv. ii. 382 From..advertisements of that period it appears that only roll-carding was carried on, and such establishments were springing up in many places.
1919 C. A. Babcock Venango Co., Penn. I. xxvi. 386/1 In 1849 James Kingsley built the Roll carding mill, which he and his family operated for over forty years.
roll carriage n. a movable framework or other support mounted on or carrying rolls.
ΚΠ
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse 196/2 The upright views of the Roll carriage..shew distinctly the manner of supporting the axis of the rolls on iron frames.
1886 Fed. Reporter 28 238 The eccentric carries the roll carriage, and causes it to reciprocate at each revolution of said shaft.
1985 R. Promisel in R. A. Kulwiec Materials Handling Handbk. (ed. 2) v. 151 A product or unit load is put into the ring, the film is attached.., and the roll carriage is rotated around and over the product.
roll cloud n. Meteorology a low, horizontal, tube-shaped cloud associated with a cold front, thunderstorm gust front, or line squall, but detached from the main cloud mass.
ΚΠ
1890 C. Abbe Preparatory Stud. Deductive Methods Storm & Weather Predict. 92 Roll clouds attend the advancing fronts of northers, blizzards, thunder-storms, Pamperos, Solanos, and other winds of this class.
1942 W. H. Wenstrom Weather & Ocean of Air xix. 418 Tornadoes may appear out of an exceptionally violent and fast-moving line squall, as the horizontal vortex of the roll cloud or squall head breaks away.
2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 June i. 20/1 The roll cloud is associated with the storm's strong, gusty, cool outflow winds.
roll cumulus n. Meteorology (now rare) a form of stratocumulus in which parallel cylindrical bands of cloud alternate with clear sky.
ΚΠ
1875 Rep. Proc. Conf. Maritime Meteorol. 1874 55 The cumulus sometimes takes a cylindrical shape, forming itself into long horizontal rolls, between which gleams of light are seen, but which are often so closely packed as to hide the blue sky. These are called by us Roll-cumulus.
1911 Bull. Mt. Weather Observatory 4 410 These latter, especially the larger ones known as ‘roll cumuli’, though they are not cumuli at all in the strict sense of the term, somewhat simulate echelon clouds.
1947 B. C. Haynes Techniques Observing Weather iii. 32 The cloud called roll cumulus in England and Germany is designated stratocumulus undulatus; its wave system is in one direction only.
roll-end n. (chiefly in plural) the remnants of a roll of carpet, wool, etc., sold as a unit.
ΚΠ
1905 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 2 Mar. 16/5 (advt.) Matting—Roll ends; many patterns.
1970 Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 27/1 (advt.) Roll ends at cost.
1976 Bridgwater Mercury 21 Dec. 5/1 (advt.) Room-size remnants. We must clear dozens of roll-ends to make room for new stocks.
1997 Whitby Gaz. 25 Oct. 1/4 (advt.) Big quantities of superb roll-ends of all wool and wool mix Berbers.
roll-fed adj. supplied with material from a roll; esp. (of printing or a printing machine) employing a continuous roll of paper.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [adjective] > fed or feeding
wire feed1868
roll-fed1911
1911 Rep. Dept. Labor State of N.J. 11 Safeguarding the operatives from injuries which may arise from..fly wheels, gearing, roll fed machinery, power presses and planers.
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes ii. 31 Flexo~graphic. This process involves the use of rotary (web or roll fed) printing from rubber plates.
2000 PrintWeek 11 Feb. 10/1 The 610mm roll-fed machine is suitable for B2 proofing and short-run display printing.
roll feed n. (frequently attributive) (a) a feed mechanism supplying material, esp. strip metal, by means of rollers; (b) a feed mechanism supplying paper to a printing machine from a continuous roll.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > feed mechanism
hand feed1850
roll feed1860
feed gear1888
1860 U.S. Patent 29,923 3/2 Constructing, arranging and combining the parts constituting the roll feed.
1910 D. Van Schaack Safeguards for Prevention Industr. Accidents 66 Accidents from roll feed machinery can be largely prevented by equipping the machines with the proper safeguards.
1991 Metalworking Production Sept. 27 Capacity includes power presses,..double-action drawing press,..roll feed with coil handling and straightening equipment.
1992 New Civil Engineer 13 Feb. 29/3 (advt.) The RX Plus is a roll-feed networkable plotter.
roll feeding n. the process of supplying paper to a printing or other machine from a continuous roll.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > feed mechanism > supply by means of
hand feed1850
roll feeding1893
1893 Catal. Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Co. 76 (heading) Open back single-acting press with ratchet roll feeding attachment.
1967 V. Strauss Printing Industry vi. 362/2 Roll feeding was originally developed for the production of metropolitan newspapers by relief printing.
2000 Packaging Digest (Nexis) May 6 Roll feeding greatly enhanced the economies of plate production and therefore the availability of paperboard plates worldwide.
roll film n. film supplied wound on to a spool.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > types of film
film negative1871
roll1889
roll film1895
reversal film1929
colour film1930
lenticular film1934
pan1940
test strip1940
flat film1950
integral tripack1953
lith1955
overhead transparency1966
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 217/1 1 Roll Film, for 25 exposures—.20 1 Box of 5 Rolls of Film (for 25 exposures each) 1.00.
1933 Discovery Feb. 59/2 Roll films are used, each roll containing one hundred exposures.
1977 J. Hedgecoe Photographer's Handbk. 10 By the 1890s George Eastman's rollfilm camera allowed many pictures to be taken at one loading.
2006 C. George Total Digital Photogr. 178/2 Carriers are available from 35mm through all the roll film sizes.
roll-form v. Manufacturing Technology transitive to shape or form by roll-forming.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > roll
laminate1666
mill1677
roll1866
cog1881
roll-form1943
1943 U.S. Patent 2,324,026 2/2 To roll form a circular corrugation in the tube wall.
1958 Times Rev. Industry June 20/1 The cylindrical body sections are made from two plates, roll-formed cold to shape and welded together.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) iii. 241/2 Thin, prepainted flat-sheet aluminium..is roll-formed to the gutter shape by a portable machine.
roll-formed adj. Manufacturing Technology shaped or formed by roll-forming.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > other states or forms
well-attempereda1460
sheet1582
unstamped1622
unplanished1683
shotten1766
calciform1782
spongy1807
cored1865
glazed1874
stamped1879
unwelded1885
solid-drawn1888
siliconized1920
inoculated1923
deep-drawn1925
stress-relieved1925
projection-welded1933
roll-formed1935
over-aged1953
scalped1958
1935 Catal. Copyright Entries: Pt. 1, Group 2 (Libr. of Congr. Copyright Office) 31 29/1 Fulton sylphon co. Sylphon roll formed bellows.
1977 Engin. Materials & Design Aug. 50/3 Because the rivets are roll-formed, they are straighter than extruded rivets.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) iii. 241/1 Never prop a ladder against either plastic or roll-formed aluminium gutters.
roll-forming n. cold forming of sheet or strip metal by passage between shaped rollers.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > rolling
rolling1530
milling1613
hot rolling1853
cogging1878
roll-forming1922
skin pass1932
1922 Hand Bk. Berloy Building Materials (Berger Manuf. Co., Canton, Ohio) Addenda 2 The formation of the .120 inch thickness sections requires the greater strength of a vertical press over that available in the roll forming machinery.
1932 E. V. Crane Plastic Working of Metals v. 91 Bending Operations.—Bar-folders, brakes, drawbenches, roll-forming machines and bending dies in presses share the field.
2004 Age 19 Feb. Business 1/3 The four roll-forming mills..use Zincalume and Colorbond made in BlueScope's Malaysian coating plant.
roll holder n. a device or fitment for holding a roll; (Photography, now chiefly historical) a fitment for holding a roll of film in a camera.
ΚΠ
1867 U.S. Patent 72,036 2 A groove into which extensions from the holder u, and from the roll-holder, project.
1890 Anthony's Phot. Bulletin 3 322 There is no scope for so fixing the roll holder in its case.
1902 Photo-miniature Apr. 14 Rewinding the exposed portion of film upon a second roller or spool provided within the roll-holder.
1975 Technol. & Culture 16 6 These early systems were not commercial successes, largely because of the deficiencies inherent in the mechanism of the roll holder.
2009 S. Rizetta Canoe & Kayak Building ix. 62/2 Set up your roll holder so you can unroll fabric right onto the form from above it.
roll mark n. Metallurgy a mark produced on sheet metal as a result of rolling with an imperfect set of rollers.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections
honeycomb1530
roll mark1894
hair crack1896
season crack1909
season cracking1910
snowflake1919
hairline crack1923
shrinkage cavity1923
clink1925
shatter crack1930
stretcher strain1931
pimpling1940
stringer1942
quench cracking1949
1894 Amer. Engineer & Railroad Jrnl. Jan. 12/1 Both sides to be perfectly clean and free from pitting, roll marks, scale, dirt, overlapping, or other defects.
1962 G. R. Bashforth Manuf. Iron & Steel (ed. 2) IV. iv. 138 Sections are liable to develop certain defects, such as..‘roll marks’ due to defective or badly worn rolls.
2003 K. G. Swift & J. D. Booker Process Select. (ed. 2) 97 Surface defects may result from inclusions and impurities in the material (scale, rust, dirt, roll marks, and other causes related to prior treatment of ingots).
roll moulding n. Architecture a type of cylindrical moulding featuring a semicircular section.
ΚΠ
1830 W. Whewell Archit. Notes German Churches Pref. 11 The interior..has..abundance of small roll mouldings.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 248 The heaviness of large roll mouldings was often relieved by fillets.
1936 A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. W. Europe iii. 61 Of much less frequent occurrence is the Carolingian pelta-ornament, used as a diaper on roll-mouldings at Piacenza, Modena, Cremona, and Ferrara Cathedrals.
1998 Church Times 17 Apr. 28/2 At Worcester, a simple column on the south side of the triforium is enlivened by a spiral pattern, and a fat 12th-century roll moulding.
roll-produced adj. produced by means of a bookbinder's roll.
ΚΠ
1891 Exhib. Bookbindings (Burlington Fine Arts Club) 17 Arms of Peter Vok, 1579, within two roll-produced borders.
1952 J. B. Oldham Eng. Blind-stamped Bindings i. 4 The use of a roll-produced decoration.
roll scale n. Metallurgy flakes of iron oxide dislodged from iron or steel in the process of rolling.
ΚΠ
1845 Mechanics' Mag. 22 Feb. 122/1 The hammer slack, roll scale, red ore, calcined iron stone, or other oxide, is mixed in a finely pulverized state, with a certain proportion of coke or charcoal.
1887 J. A. Phillips & H. Bauerman Elem. Metall. 148 Roll- and hammer-scale are essentially magnetic oxides of iron; they are chiefly used in the forges.
1958 Managem. Sci. 4 424 It is assumed that several ferrous materials, various iron ores, sinter, steel scrap, open hearth slag and roll scale are available for the production process.
roll shutter n. a shutter, esp. one made of parallel slats fastened together, mounted on a roller.
ΚΠ
1901 Chicago Tribune 13 June 13/2 Steel roll shutters..also were considered.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 413 He disappears into Olhousen's, the pork butcher's, under the downcoming rollshutter.
2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 9 Nov. 116/3 (advt.) Rollshutters provide added security against home intrusion and peace of mind.
roll sulphur n. sulphur in the form of sticks or blocks, made by allowing liquid sulphur to solidify in (esp. cylindrical) moulds.
ΚΠ
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs II. iv. 391/1 Sulphur..is twofold, viz. Natural and Artificial, the Roll Sulphur is the latter.
1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 84 Ordinary roll sulphur, even in thin cakes, allows no radiant heat to pass through it.
1982 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context: Lab. Man. & Study Guide 78 Add 50 cm3 of distilled water and 1.5 g of powdered roll sulphur.
roll tobacco n. tobacco leaves which have been wound up into a cylindrical mass.
ΚΠ
1615 C. T. Aduice to plant Tobacco in Eng. sig. B Which smell euery man may plainly perceiue that takes of the blacke role Tabacco.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Roll Roll Tobacco is what is used both for chewing and rasping.
1864 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 15 Dec. 407 The deceased died from the effect of having chewed Limerick roll tobacco and swallowing the juice thereof.
1913 I. Cowie Company of Adventurers 311 Accordingly Whitford placed on the dressed buffalo skin which they had placed on the ground before them, two pint measures of tea and a yard of thick Canadian roll tobacco.
2004 T. Zheng et al. in P. Boyle et al. Tobacco & Public Health xxiii. 420 Chewing tobacco includes plug tobacco, loose-leaf tobacco, twist or roll tobacco.
roll tracery n. Architecture tracery featuring mullions with a convex profile.
ΚΠ
1835 R. Willis Remarks Archit. Middle Ages 54 This enables us to divide it at once into two classes, Fillet-tracery and roll tracery.
1849 E. Sharpe Treat. Decorated Window Tracery 53 Roll-tracery is more common in Geometrical, than in Curvilinear Windows.
1911 H. M. Pratt Cathedral Churches of Eng. 215 The Tracery designs of the aisle and clerestory windows, a marvellously beautiful series, unequalled in the kingdom, of the sort known as Roll tracery.
1987 Archaeol. Jrnl. 143 290 Roll tracery on one face dividing into two branches diverging on different curves, the chamfered cusp taking another curve.
roll wave n. Physics a wave that appears to roll over the surface of a liquid; spec. a type of surface wave that occurs as one of a series of such waves separated by calm liquid and moving faster than the bulk liquid.Roll waves are commonly seen in water flowing down a sloping channel.
ΚΠ
1904 Geogr. Jrnl. 24 462 The Terrestrial Wave Committee Report, drawn up by Dr. Vaughan Cornish, gave a photograph and description of a roll-wave which moves downstream faster than the current—a form sometimes found in the Tees.
1925 Science 1 May 468/2 Sea waves are of two kinds: deep sea waves which are oscillatory and which involve theoretically no translation of water longitudinally, and roll waves in which there is no oscillation and a maximum amount of translation of water.
1988 J. McPhee Los Angeles against Mountains in Control of Nature (1989) 219 The rest of the [mud] flow behind was coming twice as fast, making roll waves as it piled forward against itself.
2007 New Scientist 8 Dec. 85/1 Roll waves occur on the free surface of liquids, liquids carrying solid particles in suspension, slurries, and also at the interface of immiscible liquids.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
rolln.2
/rəʊl/, U.S. /roʊl/ I. Senses relating to speech and sound.
1. A deep reverberating sound of thunder; a prolonged or continuous rumbling sound reminiscent of this. Cf. roll v.2 37a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > reverberating or echoing sound
resounda1460
roll1602
reverberations1758
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [noun] > roll or rumble
humblingc1384
bubblinga1398
hurlinga1398
grolling1398
rumblec1405
rumblingc1405
rolling1535
blumbering1556
roll1602
rumblement1604
grumblinga1616
lumbering1621
volutation1640
lumber1752
growlery1830
growl1833
growling1834
grumble1899
strumble1938
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > echoing shout
roll1602
reclamationa1639
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > resonant sound
dunning1440
resounda1460
glass1483
taratantara1553
diapason1589
roll1818
1602 A. Munday tr. 3rd Pt. Palmerin of Eng. f. 154 Such a dreadfull roaring, as if it had beene a long rowle of thunder.
1752 C. Cibber Epil., in P. Francis Eugenia Give us! the Lightning's Blaze, the Thunder's Roll!
1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 18 A shout from the whole multitude arose, That lingered in the air like dying rolls Of abrupt thunder.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxii. 203 The roll of the lighter vehicles which carried buyers and sellers to the different markets.
1847 T. De Quincey Spanish Mil. Nun v, in Wks. (1853) III. 9 The crowd saluted her with a festal roll, long and loud, of vivas.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke i. 3 The crash of guns, like the deep roll of a breaking wave.
1936 M. R. Anand Coolie v. 318 Simla used to be kept up by the continual rumbling roll of hundreds of rickshaws.
1962 C. Hibbert Il Duce iii. xvii. 331 As it drove away again there was a sudden roll of thunder, and a few seconds later a torrential rain began to fall.
1993 J. Saunders Absolutely Fabulous iii. 58 (stage direct.) There is a roll of thunder and the lights go out.
2001 Evening Standard (Nexis) 31 Oct. 6 Again there is a pause, then the roll of explosions and the muddy brown smoke.
2. Originally Military. A rapid succession of beats produced on a drum by the alternation of single or double strokes of each stick, forming an almost continuous sound. Also in extended use.drum, long roll: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > sound of instruments > [noun] > sound of drums > roll or flourish
frolica1635
roll1688
ruff1688
ruffle1694
long roll1756
travale1798
drumroll1810
tambour-peal1823
paradiddle1835
press roll1934
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xix. 154/2 The maner of which beatings is performed by..down right and rowling blows, for which they haue these termes: A Roofe. A Rowle [etc.].
1792 G. Colman Surrender of Calais iii. 55 They go to the scaffold—(a long roll of the drum).
1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton v. 36 Amid the thunder of cannon, the deafening roll of drums.
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 380/1 In the case of a tambourine, the roll is produced by a rapid succession of blows from the knuckles.
1946 S. T. Felstead Stars who made Halls v. 47 He mounted his machine and, as the drums played a murderously fast roll, whizzed down the boarded incline.
1959 Collins Mus. Encycl. 174 There are also two ways of using a single cymbal: (a) hitting it with a stick, hard or soft, in the manner of a gong, (b) performing a roll on it with timpani or side-drum sticks.
2007 Business & Commerc. Aviation (Nexis) May 9 To his credit, he drums skillfully—his rolls stream, his tempo is sure.
3. Chiefly literary. A rich sonorous or rhythmical flow of words.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [noun] > euphonism
melody1589
roll1730
modulation1759
euphonism1774
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 126 Thy tongue, Devolving thro' the maze of eloquence A rowl of periods, sweeter than her song.
1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. 481 The beautiful roll of its language mingles with the memories of childhood.
1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 11 Fancy, borne perhaps upon the rise And long roll of the Hexameter.
1870 T. H. Huxley Lay Serm. (1874) iii. 49 The roll of Ciceronian prose.
1910 17th Ann. Rep. Western Drawing & Man. Training Assoc. 81 The beat of accent, the swing of meter, the roll of sonorous words, the echo and re-echo of rhyme.
1970 J. Hawkes Blood Oranges (1972) 103 The slow golden roll of my own last words.
1993 J. Kelley in A. Kaprow Ess. Blurring Art & Life Introd. p. xxv The often Coplandesque sweep of his ideas and the often Whitman-like roll of his prose.
4.
a. The action of pronouncing a consonant, esp. an r, with a vibration of the tongue or vocal cords; an instance of this. Cf. roll v.2 38a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > sonant > liquid > trill
dog's lettera1552
doggish letter1599
trill1848
roll1855
hirrient1860
1855 Illustr. Manners Bk. 444 ö—very nearly like ur in bur, flattened and without the roll of the final r.
1891 Jrnl. Amer. Ethnol. & Archæol. 1 61/1 One observer might think he detected a roll of the English letter r in the first syllable.
1919 M. C. Bruce Golden Vessel 10 The roll of the South African Dutch ‘r’..must be rubbed off.
1973 J. D. O'Connor Phonetics ii. 47 [The] uvular roll is common in Dutch for r and may be heard in French and German too—the sound is reminiscent of a gargling noise.
2005 Metal Hammer Dec. 44/3 The confusion comes from people hearing Till Lindemann's Hitleresque roll of the r's.
b. A type of song sung by a songbird, characterized by the presence of a rolling r. Also more generally: a trill.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [noun] > song > part of
notec1400
trillo1651
trilla1704
toy1727
roll1886
subsong1925
the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [noun] > song
songeOE
lay13..
notec1330
shouting1508
record1582
charm1587
roundelay1588
ramage?1614
ornithology1655
jerk1675
birdsong1834
roll1933
1886 Appletons' Ann. Cycl. 1885 87 The roll is the most characteristic of all the canary-notes. This even and continuous roll is as perfect as the trill of any instrument.
1920 C. M. Townsend Suppl. to Birds of Essex County, Mass. 65 Their call resembles somewhat that of the Canada Goose, but has a roll to it.
1933 Times 7 Dec. 17/6 The Germans..evolved a bird with seven tours or phrases of song; but English breeders, by artificial selection have doubled that number. The tours include the ‘glucke’ and ‘water glucke’, the ‘schuckle’ and ‘water schuckle’, the ‘roll’ and the ‘water roll’.
1992 A. W. Eckert Sorrow in our Heart ix. 523 A background chorus of hundreds of other trillings and rolls and whistlings from the multitude of thrushes and warblers.
2001 M. M. Vriends & T. M. Heming-Vriends Canary Handbk. v. 78/2 You will be astounded by the repertoire of ‘rolls’ and ‘tours’. These include the bass roll..and the hollow bell.
5. Music. An act of sounding of the notes of a chord in rapid succession, rather than simultaneously; a chord played or sung in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > ornament > [noun] > trill
quaver1533
trill1649
trillo1651
shake1659
trillado1721
Pralltriller1841
trillet1867
pincé1876
roll1880
tremblement1884
1880 D. Buck Illustr. Choir Accompanim. iv. 34 This chord is not to be held out as its notation would indicate, but is to disappear at once in a ‘downward roll’.
1939 B. Brownell Art is Action v. 93 It is merely a blurt here, a roll and a run there, a fragment of a theme.
1979 D. Bannister Sam Chard 14 There was a brief clapping and a roll on the piano. A heavy-set, red-faced youth climbed on the stage and began to sing.
2004 R. Johnston How to play Blues Guitar 21 Let the first four notes bleed together. Recognize that descending roll?
II. Senses relating to physical movement.
6.
a. The action or an act of turning on an axis or revolving around a central point; rotation. Also: the action or an act of moving in a particular direction by turning in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > a revolution or rotation
tour1477
gyre1566
circumvolution1570
twista1577
revolution1648
roll1667
rollover1817
go-round1883
1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions 118 Some were practising in the Glass the Gracious Smile, the Rowle of the Eye, the Velvet Lip, &c.
1680 E. Settle Female Prelate 22 Paint his [sc. Leviathan's] each breath a Storm, each Rowl a Tide, And every Gust from his impetuous Nostrils A Mountain Sea.
1711 Spectator 17 Dec. Does not an haughty Person shew the Temper of his Soul in the supercilious Rowl of his Eye?
1757 T. Newcomb Mr. Harvey's Contempl. on Flower-garden i. 23 Unguided by his hand The comet's blazing orb, or planet's roll.
1772 R. Jones Treat. on Skating 26 He will not only be able to roll sooner, but with more ease; because the finishing of every roll is on the inside edge.
1805 J. Carr Northern Summer 226 Two glasses of brandy, a scourging and soaping in the vapour-bath, and a roll in the Neva, or snow.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. x. 274 I wish I could forget the roll of the red eyes.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 916 In tobacco intermittence the patient is, I believe, always conscious of the stop and roll-forward [of the heart].
1940 K. Rexroth In what Hour 35 The chain of dependence which runs through creation, And links the roll of a planet alike with the interests Of marmots and of men.
1950 Baseball Digest Jan. 7/2 I misjudged the roll of the ball so badly I never did get a glove to it.
1990 Lifeboat Summer 271/3 The lifeboat then came clear stern-first to avoid the roll of the casualty to starboard.
b. figurative. The progression or movement of an abstract thing, esp. when considered natural, expected, or irrepressible; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > [noun]
goinga1250
passagec1300
passingc1350
progressiona1460
local motion1551
progress1564
pass1602
traverse1663
locomoving1704
roll1827
onwards1943
1827 W. Scott Jrnl. 15 June (1941) 62 The conversation took its old roll.
1868 Ld. Tennyson Spiteful Let. 8 I hear the roll of the ages.
1884 G. Allen Philistia I. 5 Before he can set things fairly on the roll for better arrangement.
1906 A. M. Fitts Little Bk. Verse 61 Are we at liberty to stem the roll Of pre-conceived ideas?
1962 Ebony Apr. 72/1 The roll of the four seasons, each one supplying its own distinctive beauty, is a never-ending wonder.
2002 A. Phillips Prague iv. viii. 332 Still, one must maintain a realist view of the roll of events.
c. Any of various gymnastic or acrobatic movements in which the body rolls forward or backward, completing a full revolution on the ground, around a horizontal bar, etc.; spec. one in which the body is rolled into a tucked position and turned on the ground in a forward or backward circle. Cf. neck-roll n. (a) at neck n.1 Compounds 2.Recorded earliest in forward roll n. at forward adj., adv., and n. Additions. Cf. also backward roll n. at backward adv., adj., and n.2 Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > actions or positions
vaulting1531
cross-step1728
still-vaulting1854
roll1858
trampolining1867
planche1878
handstand1890
rollover1891
trapezing1894
press1901
straddle1905
kip1909
upstart1909
headstand1915
round-off1917
neck-roll1920
undergrip1920
pike1928
swivel hips1943
thigh lift1949
overswing1955
shoulder stand1956
stand1956
floor exercise1957
squat1959
turnaround1959
salto1972
Tsukahara1972
1858 ‘G. Forrest’ Handbk. Gymnastics 47 In the forward roll it is better to sit nearly astride the bar.
1898 F. Graf et al. Hints to Gymnasts iii. 176 Before attempting any kind of..rolls..or handstands, the pupil should have mastered thoroughly all kinds of straight arm swinging exercises.
1935 Encycl. Sports, Games & Pastimes 331/1 When half the roll has been accomplished the hands are changed from behind the head to a position in front, so that the body is then pivoted on the inside of the arms.
1956 G. C. Kunzle & B. W. Thomas Freestanding ii. 32 From a forward roll to stand, to a cartwheel sideways down the same line as the roll.
2006 D. R. Glover 40 Years in Gym v. 78 Can you find three different ways to start your roll, perform your roll, and finish your roll?
d. A throw of a die or dice.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > throw
cast1509
throw1538
roll1900
1900 N.Y. Times 9 Mar. 1/5 The crap games are next in line of revenue producers.., large sums changing hands on the roll of the dice.
1926 G. Ade Let. 26 Oct. (1973) 114 The crap shooters were rolling for a hundred thousand a roll.
1969 R. C. Bell Board & Table Games (ed. 2) II. v. 91 The first caster throws all five dice on his first roll.
2000 R. J. Evans Entertainment ix. 130 ‘If I roll an eight in eight rolls or less,’ Andrew said, ‘I tell you about Mick.’
e. colloquial. An act of sexual intercourse.a roll in the hay: see hay n.1 3(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > sexual intercourse > an act of
swivec1560
fall1594
sleep1612
fuck1663
merry bout1780
stroke1785
screw?c1845
charver1846
fuckeea1866
sex act1888
frigc1890
grind1893
mount1896
poke1902
tumble1903
screwing1904
ride1905
roll1910
trick1926
lay1932
jump1934
bang1937
knock1937
shag1937
a roll in the hay1945
boff1956
naughty1959
root1961
shtup1964
home run1967
seeing to1970
legover1975
bonk1978
zatch1980
boink1989
1910 G. Meredith Celt & Saxon ix. 99 I invited her to be at the door of the house at half-past ten, just to have a roll with her in Irish mud, and mend her torn soul with a stitch or two of rejoicing.
1954 ‘R. Marsten’ Runaway Black 29 Like five for a roll..and seven-fifty for all night.
1962 K. Kesey One flew over Cuckoo's Nest 98 You remember that time..[we] picked up those two twitches? One of the best rolls I ever had.
1976 P. Ferris Detective viii. 146 It involves State Security. Your Rosemary has been having a roll with a Cabinet Minister.
1995 L. Russell Repeat & you're Dead 9 I even had a roll with her myself first time I came back for a visit and went to the dairy looking for him.
2009 P. V. Brett Warded Man v. 85 Half the town had a roll with her before Steave drove the others away.
7.
a. Rotation of a vessel sideways about an axis parallel to its direction of motion; an instance of this. Cf. seel n.The movement consists of a partial rotation, immediately reversed, caused by wind or waves.The other types of rotatory motion are pitch n.2 7a and yaw n.1 1.Dutch, half-roll: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > rolling and pitching
working1575
rolling1578
travail1687
roll1697
pitching1714
sally1718
labouring1748
pitch1751
tumblification1833
send1836
porpoising1974
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World ii. xx. 543 Every rowl that the Ship made.
c1745 J. Ambrose Tryal Capt. John Ambrose 48/1 The Roll of a Ship.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Lee-larches, the sudden and violent rolls which a ship often takes to leeward in a high sea.
1816 Repertory Arts, Manuf., & Agric. Oct. 261 At each roll or inclination of the ship or vessel the suspended weight will always retain..its natural perpendicular position.
1890 W. C. Church Life J. Ericsson II. xxiii. 78 Her extreme roll being so moderate as not to press her lee-guns near the water.
1907 J. Masefield Tarpaulin Muster xvi. 161 At the last of her rolls there comes a clattering of tins, as the galley gear and whack pots slither across to leeward, followed by cursing seamen.
1920 Nature 11 Mar. 47/2 For use on board ship the compass must be mounted..so that the rolls..shall have but small effect on the compass.
2002 D. Lundy Way of Ship (2003) v. 175 The ship was making heavy going, a corkscrew pitch and roll, as it slammed into the seas.
b. An analogous turning movement of an aircraft or motor vehicle about an axis parallel to its direction of motion.With aircraft the movement is either an unintended one, or a deliberate manoeuvre consisting of a complete turn through 360 degrees; with motor vehicles it is a tipping outwards when cornering or turning.Pitch and yaw are used for the other kinds of rotatory motion as for ships: see note at sense 7a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > [noun] > motion round longitudinal axis
rolling1906
roll1912
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > roll
roll1912
1912 Techn. Rep. Advisory Comm. Aeronaut. 1911–12 102 The pendulum movement from side to side..misleads the pilot into operating his wing flaps to recover the vertical position of his body. By this he may aggravate the roll.
1918 W. G. McMinnies Pract. Flying x. 194 The roll, which consists of making the machine loop sideways and continue in the same direction as it was travelling before the manœuvre, is done with the engine on or off.
1942 N. Macmillan How to pilot Aeroplane xv. 100 The full roll, the half roll, and the double half roll can all be made on the glide or during a zoom as well as on the level.
1961 Times 28 Mar. 4/6 There is a good deal of roll when cornering fast.
1967 Technol. Week 20 Feb. 35/3 The spacecraft moment of inertia in pitch and roll.
1991 Air & Space Dec. 12/2 His ride included a takeoff on afterburner, a loop, several rolls (one with the gear down), a dozen high-G turns, [etc.]
1999 BBC Top Gear Mag. June 162/1 The small amount of body roll is superb for a family car.
8.
a. The action or an instance of moving or flowing with an undulating motion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > [noun] > undulatory motion
waving1571
undulation1646
roll1743
wave-motion1846
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 7 Upon the Rowl of a Sea, all the Chain-Plates to Wind-ward broke.
1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. vi. 194 The roll of the Atlantic was full, but not violent.
1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold v. i. 130 If this war-storm in one of its rough rolls Wash up that old crown of Northumberland.
1945 D. Bolster Roll on my Twelve 31 There's always something in every ship that falls to and fro with the roll.
2003 J. L. Nelson Glory in Name (2004) 56 Taylor could feel the motion of the ship change, the slow roll of the ocean swells give way to a shorter, faster pitch.
b. A section of land that extends in gentle falls and rises; undulation of the surface of land.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > undulation
accident1600
fold1601
roll1827
roller1849
1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie II. ii. 22 A few enormous bison bulls were first observed, scouring along the most distant roll of the prairie.
1850 N. Kingsley Diary 21 Oct. (1914) 386 The plain..is generally level without much roll.
1874 J. P. Kay-Shuttleworth Ribblesdale III. 153 Drained into hollows between gentle rolls of land.
1902 ‘Linesman’ Words by Eyewitness 285 As she looks for the form of her absent ‘man’ across the great yellow rolls of the veldt.
1946 ‘M. Innes’ From London Far ii.vii. 119 The infinite roll of the moor was unbroken even by those protuberances and nodosities which had once relieved the wearied eye of Dr. Johnson.
2008 Yukon News (Nexis) 12 Mar. 9 We'd just slid out onto the gentle roll of the grasslands when Brian told me to stop.
9. A swaying gait or movement; esp. a swagger. See also to have a roll on at Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > [noun] > manner of walking > rolling
wallow1676
roll1799
1799 E. Meeke Harcourt IV. 43 Whether a sort of roll in her gait, arose from her having made rather too free with the bottle, or from any latent cause.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 196 That grave, but confident, kind of roll, peculiar to old boys in general.
1902 Clin. Jrnl. 18 June 135/2 I found that she had good use of her right hip, though walking with a roll and dipping the right hip and shoulder at each step.
1971 C. P. Seton Sea Change Angela Lewis 46 The whole of him, somewhat humped in the shoulders, distinctly potted in the belly, a slight roll to his gait, took the eye of the women, and even the eye of the men.
2009 C. Eden Immortal Danger xi. 173 Her hips swayed slightly, a sexy roll that caught his eye—and the eyes of others.
10. Mining.† b. = bump n.2 7. Obsolete. rare.
a. A protrusion of sedimentary rock into the floor or roof of a coal seam, resulting in a diminished thickness of the seam. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > rise or bulge in roof or floor
skew1789
roll1849
swell1855
hogback1867
horseback1881
1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 42 Roll, see Balk. [= The roof of the seam coming down into the coal without any corresponding depression of the thill, thus causing a nip.]
1862 Min. & Smelting Mag. 1 313 ‘Swells’, or ‘rolls’, and ‘nips’, are names given to a rising up in the floor of a coal bed, and where the roof and the floor both swell out, so as to reduce the thickness of the bed.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 206 Roll, 1. An inequality in the roof or floor of a mine.
1914 22nd Ann. Rep. Mining Dept. 1913 (Mining Dept. Tennessee) 73 The coal seam at this point is very irregular in formation, rolls occurring in bottom at frequent intervals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [noun] > subsidence
bump1860
roll1883
overdeepening1901
cauldron subsidence1909
load-casting1953
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 206 Roll, 3. See Bump. [= A very sudden breaking, sometimes accompanied by a settling down, or upheaval of, the strata, during the working away of the mineral.]
Phrases
P1. slang. to have a roll on and variants: (in English public schools) to have an arrogant demeanour; to walk with a swagger. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > pretend to superiority [verb (intransitive)]
to make it goodlyc1325
usurpc1400
to take state upon one1597
to come over ——1600
to gentilize it1607
to state it1625
to give oneself airs1701
to put on airs1715
to mount (also ride) the high horse1782
to put on (the) dog1865
to get (also have) notions1866
to put on side1870
to have a roll on1881
to put (or pile) on lugs1889
side1890
to put on the Ritz1921
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > [noun] > manner of walking > stately or affected
cock pace1569
stalk1590
ambling1597
amble1607
strut1607
jetting1609
prance1648
grand pas1651
strutting1656
jet1686
to have a roll on1881
1881 C. E. Pascoe Everyday Life in our Public Schools 160 Anything approaching ‘swagger’ is severely rebuked; there is no more objectionable quality than that understood by the expression, ‘He's got such a horrid roll on’.
1908 D. Coke House Prefect i. 11 Brereton, they decided, had a bit of a roll on.
1913 A. Lunn Harrovians iii. 53 Ewen was an ugly lout, and was beginning to put on roll...after the game, his tendency to ‘put on roll’ was duly checked in the approved fashion.
1981 J. A. Mangan Athleticism in Victorian & Edwardian Public School vii. 175 One Old Uppinghamian recalled that in his time a junior who put on ‘roll’ was merely chastised.
P2. slang. go and have a roll: ‘go away!’, ‘get lost!’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (intransitive)]
scud1602
go scrape!1611
to push off (also along)1740
to go it1797
to walk one's chalks1835
morris1838
scat1838
go 'long1859
to take a walk1881
shoot1897
skidoo1905
to beat it1906
to go to the dickens1910
to jump (or go (and) jump) in the lake1912
scram1928
to piss offa1935
to bugger off1937
to fuck off1940
go and have a roll1941
eff1945
to feck off?1945
to get lost1947
to sod off1950
bug1956
to hit, split or take the breeze1959
naff1959
frig1965
muck1974
to rack off1975
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 34 Have a roll!, go and, go to the devil!
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren x. 192 Juvenile language is well stocked..with expressions inviting a person's departure, for instance:..go and have a roll.
1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania iii. 30 People there blink at the flies and turn their backs to the desert, showing total native imbuggerance, and say Go and have a roll!
P3. colloquial (originally North American). on a roll: enjoying a prolonged spell of success or good luck.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > there is much success [phrase] > enjoying a series of successes
on a roll1975
1975 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 19 Oct. c9/5 Hall is on a roll. The West Hartford High School has been football champion of the Central Connecticut Interscholastic League for two years.
1983 Christian Sci. Monitor 5 Dec. 43/2 The paranoia of seeing the Soviets on a roll, the sense of the U.S. in decline, has about evaporated.
1992 P. Auster Leviathan (1993) iii. 137 He was on a roll with his work, and after waiting so long for this to happen, she wasn't about to interfere.
2004 B. Greene Fabric of Cosmos x. 274 With general relativity, it's fair to say, Einstein was on a roll.
Compounds
In sense 7.
roll angle n. the angle through which a vessel or vehicle turns during a roll.
ΚΠ
1932 U.S. Patent 1,857,575 2/1 A roll angle indicator for indicating any degree to which the boat may be laterally displaced from a normal position.
1973 N. Freedman Joshua 136 Josh viewed the transition of the orbiter's trajectory on CRT and monitored the roll angles following the burn.
2004 Welland (Ontario) Tribune (Nexis) 23 Dec. c10 A micro-machined gyroscope..measures the vehicle's roll angle and the rate it is changing at up to 150 times per second.
roll axis n. an axis about which an aircraft or vehicle rolls.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > axes of specific moments
rolling axis1731
longitudinal axis1744
pitching axis1920
roll axis1945
pitch axis1952
yawing axis1953
yaw axis1959
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [noun] > motor vehicle > expressing speed or acceleration > axis about which vehicle rolls
roll axis1945
1945 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 93 (in figure) Roll axis [of a plane].
1950 K. Newton & W. Steeds Motor Vehicle (ed. 4) xxxi. 566 The roll axis for a car having axles at front and back will be some distance above ground level.
2002 D. M. Bourg Physics for Game Developers vii. 124 The roll axis runs longitudinally through the center of the aircraft.
roll bar n. a strong metal bar fixed over the heads of the occupants of a vehicle (esp. a convertible or one used for racing), to protect them in the event of overturning.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > frame or chassis > protection if vehicle overturns
roll bar1948
rollover bar1951
1948 W. A. Woron in Hot Rod Mag. Nov. 13/3 Roll Bar , steel bar welded to both longitudinal members of the frame and extending above and behind the driver to protect him in the event of a roll.
1957 Life 29 Apr. 133 In sanctioned meets cars must have roll bars over driver's seat.
1979 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Mar. 25/1 A removable forward hardtop and a convertible softtop rear window are separated by a Targa-style rollbar.
2000 Business Day (S. Afr.) 27 Jan. i. 4/7 The new vehicles had to be affordable, reliable and convenient for commuters. They must be safe, with rollbars, and comfortable.
roll cage n. (esp. in motor sport) a metal framework protecting a vehicle's passenger cabin in the event of overturning.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > frame or chassis > centre section which protects occupants
roll cage1964
1964 Pop. Mech. May 86/1 Roll cage protects rallyists in case of a spill.
1976 Good Motoring May 12/1 The roll-cage passenger compartment and anti-intrusion bars in the doors to help in side impacts.
2005 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 218/3 Thanks to the roll cage inside the car, no one is killed.
roll plane n. the plane perpendicular to a roll axis.
ΚΠ
1961 U.S. Patent 3,000,222 5 The roll plane being added in perpendicular relationship both to the final elevation plane and to the plane of yaw.
2008 R. D. Banks et al. in J. R. Davis et al. Fund. Aerospace Med. (ed. 4) vi. 147 Most angular accelerations in aircraft occur in the roll plane.
roll rate n. angular velocity about a roll axis.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > angular velocity of vehicle about its roll axis
roll rate1949
1949 Sci. Monthly Mar. 176/2 The missile roll-rate effect gave both pleasure and sorrow when it was first found.
1961 W. R. Kolk Mod. Flight Dynamics viii. 146 The unstable pitch-yaw resonance encountered at roll rates exceeding the natural frequencies in either pitch or yaw.
2002 M. Huang Vehicle Crash Mech. vi. 382 Upon a lateral impact of a vehicle with a curb..the vehicle experiences an angular acceleration due to a sudden change in roll rate.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† rollv.1
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To polish, burnish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > polish [verb (transitive)]
rollc1300
burnishc1325
burnc1374
polisha1382
dighta1400
glazec1440
glazer1473
frubbish1570
shine1604
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) l. 11124 Hii wende to hire hinne, cnihtes mid hire manne; hii rollede [c1275 Calig. ruokeden] wepne and soide hire stedes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
rollv.2
/rəʊl/, U.S. /roʊl/α. Middle English–1600s role, Middle English–1600s rolle, Middle English– roll, late Middle English rullyde (past tense), 1500s–1600s rol, 1800s– rull (English regional (Cornwall and Herefordshire)); Scottish pre-1700 rol, pre-1700 role, pre-1700 1700s– roll.
β. Middle English–1700s roule, 1500s roole, 1500s–1600s rowle, 1500s–1700s roul, 1500s–1700s (1800s nonstandard and English regional) rowl, 1600s–1700s rool; Scottish pre-1700 roull, pre-1700 1700s roul, pre-1700 1800s– rowl, 1700s roule, 1700s rowle; Irish English (chiefly northern) 1800s– rowl.
γ. English regional (northern) 1800s– ro, 1800s– row, 1800s– rowe; Scottish pre-1700 rou, pre-1700 1700s– row, pre-1700 1700s– rowe, 1900s– rew (Orkney), 1900s– rouw (Shetland); Irish English (northern) 1900s– row.
I. To move with a swaying motion, and related senses.† 4. Nautical.
1.
a. intransitive. Of a vessel: to sway; esp. to rock, often violently, from side to side. Also with about and in extended use. Cf. pitch v.2 14b, yaw v.1 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > heel or list
blencha1300
rolla1325
heelc1575
seela1618
list1626
stoop1663
careen1762
to lie along1769
to lay along1779
wrong1842
to roll down1856
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > roll
wallowc1300
rolla1325
welter1423
rocka1522
keel1867
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > oscillate [verb (intransitive)] > sway > heavily
rolla1325
swag1530
a1325 Pilate (Corpus Cambr.) l. 253 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 706 (MED) Þat body [sc. a ship] rollede vp & doun, icast here & þere Myd weder & tempest of watere, þat echmon hadde fere.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 423 (MED) Þe arc hoven watz on hyȝe wyth hurlande gotez..Ofte hit roled on rounde and rered on ende.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1095 So the man stirred the bargett unto Westmynster, and there hit rubbed and rolled too and fro a grete whyle or ony man aspyed hit.
1578 W. Bourne Treasure for Traueilers iii. ix. f. 20v Those kynde of Shyps wyl ryde yll at an ancker, at such time as the tyde doth goe vnto the wyndewardes, for lying thwart, it wyll seel or rolle so much.
1587 W. Bourne Arte of Shooting (new ed.) xv. 54 But if any Ship hang any thing by the wind, it will not lightly seel or roule.
1600 R. Hakluyt tr. B. Antonio in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 552 The shippes doe roule very much in the harbour, by reason in foule weather the Sea will bee mightily growen.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 3 We had a swelling Sea again which made us rowl all night long.
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 34 Extream Breadths will be in the Nature of Ballances, and will cause a Ship to rowl.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 175 The Sloop, having neither masts nor sails to steady her, rolled and pitched..violently.
1821 J. W. Croker Diary 28 Aug. Went out..to see the steamboat arriving..; she rolled tremendously.
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge i. 16 The vessel rolled about on the heave of the sea.
1867 H. Latham Black & White 2 We shipped great waves, and rolled to larboard, rolled to starboard, painfully.
1918 ‘B. Cable’ Air Men o' War ix. 118 Next instant he plunged at, into, and through the barrage, his machine rocking and pitching and rolling in the turmoil of shell-torn air.
1941 W. S. Churchill Let. 21 Dec. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xx. 460 We are running obliquely across the waves and sometimes the ship rolls very heavily.
1971 N. Brown Antarctic Housewife xiii. 161 When trimmed for catching the boats ride the big seas gracefully and, though they roll and pitch alarmingly, their movement is at least smooth.
2000 M. Kneale Eng. Passengers (2001) xiv. 428 I could feel the whole vessel rolling sharp to larboard, as if some great hand was tugging her over.
b. intransitive. Of a vessel: to move along with a swaying motion.In some quots. (esp. in later use) the sense of a swaying motion is less marked, perhaps representing an extended use of sense 36b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress > roll along
roll1740
1740 H. Travers tr. Homer Iliad ii. in Misc. Poems & Transl. 255 When wint'ry Winds the Face of Ocean sweep, And the Ship rolls along the stormy Deep.
1834 J. Scott Recoll. Naval Life I. x. 246 As the old ship rolled along with a stiff south-wester on her quarter, nought but congratulation and laughter was heard below.
1890 W. C. Russell Marriage at Sea vii There are plenty of ships..rolling up Channel, and willing to land us.
1957 J. Schull Salt-water Men iii. 47 The Auckland Islands fell astern on the seventeenth. Marco Polo rolled south and eastward into the latitudes that sailors call ‘the roaring forties’, south still into the white fifties.
1989 Best of Whoopee Monthly Sept. 4/1 We'll have to sit here 'til some ship rolls by!
2002 C. Loebel-Fried Hawaiian Legends of Guardian Spirits iii. 37 Powered by wind, the vessel rolled on toward Hawai'i,..plowing through the dark sea beneath a blue-black sky.
2. intransitive. To walk with a staggering or swaying gait. Also with about, along. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk, tread, or step [verb (intransitive)] > with easy or rolling gait
rolla1398
trundle1680
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals > wallow
wallowc900
swolderc1200
slabc1315
rolla1398
muddlea1450
welter1530
swetter1536
topple1542
swelt1575
swelter1595
sludder1874
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxvii. 430 A woode houndes tonge is so venemous þat hit makeþ þe hound wagge and rolle as þey he were dronke.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. xiii. 134 But if hee waue or rowle in his going, or take too long strides, and that you finde the restraint of your hande will not restraine the libertie of his feet..you shall trot him forth-right in some furrow digged full of little ouerthwart gutters.
?c1665 Earl of Rochester Sat. on King 19 Restless he rolls about from Whore to Whore A merry Monarch, scandalous, and poor.
1713 J. Smith Poems upon Several Occasions 44 The jolly Notes, and drunken Words confus'dly roll along, And dance, and leap into my Verse, and reel into my Song.
1821 W. Liddle Poems 174 Let's laugh and sing while we are gleg... But still detest the masked dreg As lang's we row.
1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present ii. ix. 119 Now rolling sumptuously to his place in the Collective Wisdom.
1887 H. R. Haggard Allan Quatermain xxi. 301 Umslopogaas rolled along after us, eating as he went.
1900 Baily's Mag. Nov. 353/1 I thought the brown horse was rolling slightly in his stride.
1973 G. Mast Comic Mind (1979) iv. 157 He gets drunk with a fat doctor-friend, and the two roll down the street..and into their hotel.
2006 D. Sherman & D. Cragg Pointblank Epil. 345 He had been both booed and cheered good-naturedly by the men as he rolled unsteadily through the tent flaps.
3. transitive. To cause to move with a swaying motion; to cause to sway from side to side.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > oscillate [verb (transitive)] > cause to sway
sway1555
showd1599
roll1608
devolve1726
nod1818
1608 E. Topsell tr. Nicander in Hist. Serpents 300 Rowling her bulke and tayle more oft about, Whereby a speedier death doth life rydde out.
1788 Lady Hawke Julia de Gramont II. 157 I sat reclining on a chair, one foot resting on the rocker of a cradle, which, with involuntary motion, rolled it deliberately to and fro.
1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 2 As his stiff unwieldy bulk he rolls, His iron-arm'd hoofs gleam in the morning ray.
1836 G. Head Home Tour 208 Whenever..he gave the emphatic word of command ‘Rowl her’ the crowd..trotted across the deck.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxiv. 345 Then she..resumed her chair,..and rolling herself from side to side, continued moaning and wailing to herself.
1904 Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 8/1 The crew..then tried the old whalers' dodge of rolling the ship with all hands.
2008 P. Carey His Illegal Self xlv. 222 He was pitched and rolled, until they skidded down the steep road onto the splashing ford.
a. intransitive. Of a mast or other part of a vessel's structure: to fall overboard as a result of violent rolling; to become separated in this way. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1626 Viscount of Wimbledon Journall 4 The maine mast was in danger of rowling ouer board.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. v. 21 To keepe the shrouds tight for the more safety of the mast from rowling.
1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere I. viii. 91 We were in perpetual danger of our masts rolling over the ship's side.
1795 Sun 17 Sept. The wind blowing a violent hurricane..her masts almost instantly rolled overboard, and she is now nearly gone to pieces.
1806 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 102 Obliged to unship our mast to prevent its rolling overboard.
1898 P. E. Stevenson Deep-water Voy. 189 She keeps on heeling and you keep on gripping tighter whatever you can reach, until you are certain the masts will roll out of her.
b. transitive. Of a vessel: to cast (a mast or other part of the structure) overboard, as a result of violent rolling; to lose (a part) in this way. Also: to submerge (masts, rigging, etc.) by rocking violently from side to side. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > submerge masts or tackle by rolling
roll1633
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 107 Shee would haue rowled her Masts by the boord.
1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services iv. 293 She must be laid under the Sea, or else will rowl her Masts by the Board.
1781 G. Cockings Amer. War vi. 157 With a rough blust'ring storm each squadron strove, And wide asunder from each other drove; And as they scatter'd on the troubled sea, Their boltsprits sprung, roll'd masts and yards away.
1799 Naval Chron. 1 11 One of the store ships rolled away her masts.
1805 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 168 (note) The Santa Anna rolled over all her lower masts.
1868 C. B. Norton & W. J. Valentine Rep. to Govt. U.S. on Munitions of War at Paris Universal Exhib. 1867 266 Three times..did the ship roll her main chains right under, and threw the water on the upper deck.
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 198 Booms..have been..rolled overboard off the yards.
1906 A. M. Goodrich Cruise & Captures Alabama xi. 100 In this gale..the Sonoma rolled away her smokestack, but this fortunately did not go overboard.
II. To re-form or reshape with a roller, and related senses.
5.
a. transitive. To make flat, smooth, or compact by means of pressure with a roller or rollers; originally spec. to flatten dough, pastry, etc., in this way. Also intransitive. See also to roll out 1 at Phrasal verbs 1, to roll into —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > other tools or equipment
rolla1325
coina1483
wedge1530
maul1664
burnish1793
roller1828
shear1837
miser1847
trough1881
tank1905
trepan1909
lance1945
plough1961
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > make smooth [verb (transitive)] > by rolling
rolla1325
to roll into ——1616
re-roll1816
roller1830
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > filing, polishing, or smoothing tool
planea1398
pumicea1425
roll?1523
plain1535
pounce1580
file1616
smooth-file1683
plane1726
sandpaper1846
pumice-stone1851
paper1875
lap1881
sand1928
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > roll
laminate1666
mill1677
roll1866
cog1881
roll-form1943
a1325 Diuersa Cibaria in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 50 (MED) Nim flour of corne and of ayren & make past, icoloured wyþ saffron þe halue dole þe past, & þe halue dole qwytt..rolle on a bord ase þunne ase parchemin, & rolle rounde al aboutee as a kake.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 46 (MED) Rolle it on a borde also þinne as parchement.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. x They vse to role their barley grounde after a shoure of rayn.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 43 Some rowleth their barley, straight after a raine.
1658 T. Collins Choice Exper. Physick & Chirurgery 26 Take 3. pintes of barly flower finely boulted, make paste thereof with fair water..and make your paste stiff and roul it like venison pastie.
1668 J. Worlidge Kalendarium Rusticum in Systema Agric. (1669) 226 You may now rowl Wheat, if the weather prove dry.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 203. ⁋8 He may have Grass-plots in the greatest Perfection, if he will..water, mow, and roll them.
1743 E. Moxon Eng. Housewifry (new ed.) 102 This is a paste that seldom runs if it be even roll'd.
1801 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 128 Then harrow and roll repeatedly; hand-picking as before.
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking x. 227 The gold bars are rolled cold to the thickness of the coin.
1891 W. G. Grace Cricket x. 270 The captain should see that the pitch is carefully and thoroughly rolled.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxi. 572 The uses of tin-foil are also very numerous. It can be made by rolling the metal at 100°C.
1952 E. L. Leeming Road Engin. (ed. 3) i. 13 The ground can be ploughed and harrowed, treated with water-gas tar or emulsion.., thoroughly rolled and consolidated with screened gravel.
2008 Post (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 30 Jan. 22 Roll dough 1/2-inch thick. Cut with round cookie cutter.
b. intransitive. To be shaped, smoothed, or flattened as a result of having pressure applied by a roller or rollers. Frequently with out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > become (more) flat or level [verb (intransitive)]
flatten1734
roll1844
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (intransitive)] > other tools or equipment
filec1230
to blow the bellowsc1440
pump1508
vice1612
plane1678
shovel1685
turn1796
brake1862
pestle1866
chisel1873
roll1881
slice1893
leverage1937
monkeywrench1993
1844 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 3 490 The mass is uniform, firm, adhesive, also rolls out well.
1881 G. E. Gee Goldsmith's Handbk. (ed. 2) 227 Imperfect bars of gold usually roll with a more extended jaggered edge as the process proceeds.
1896 Daily News 6 July 11/2 After a dry night, the wicket rolled out beautifully on Saturday morning.
1915 E. Oberg Spur & Bevel Gearing ix. 169 Steel with 3.50 per cent nickel rolls and forges well.
1999 M. McCarty Sweet & Nat. 93 Soft and moist, the kind of pastry that rolls out easily.
c. transitive. Australian and New Zealand. To crush and flatten (scrub) with a roller. Frequently with down. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush
breakc900
to-bruisec1000
swatchea1300
to-gnidea1300
defoulc1300
to-crushc1300
thring13..
squatcha1325
to-squatc1325
oppressa1382
crush?a1400
thronga1400
dequassc1400
birzec1425
crazec1430
frayc1460
defroysse1480
to-quashc1480
croose1567
pletter1598
becrush1609
mortify1609
winder1610
crackle1611
quest1647
scrouge1755
grush1827
jam1832
roll1886
1886 J. F. Conigrave S. Austral. 75 Where the scrub timber is small..the scrub is rolled down by a heavy roller and then burned.
1910 ‘Yarran’ Mallee 5 The Government, by means of a traction engine, rolls down the scrub, charging the settler 3s. per acre.
1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Feb. 116 Hand cutting or mowing with a scrub bar have now been replaced..by rolling the standard scrub with a heavy flanged roller which crushes and breaks the scrub.
1983 A. Cannon Bullocks, Bullockies & Other Blokes 19 Rolling scrub, which was necessary to clear the land before farming could commence, was too rough and risky for horses.
2000 E. Rolls in S. Dovers Environmental Hist. & Policy i. 37 They rolled the scrub down with heavy wood or iron contraptions a metre in diameter and three metres long pulled by bullocks.
6. transitive. To wear (stones, rocks, etc.) to a smooth, rounded form as a result of being moved by rivers, waves, or tides. Usually in passive. Cf. rolled adj. 5 (a commoner form than the verb).In. quot. 1791 in figurative context.
ΚΠ
1757 E. M. da Costa Nat. Hist. Fossils 151 The said stones seem only to be fragments..rolled by the waves till they were rounded.
1791 R. Orme in J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1775 I. 450 Thoughts, which..have been formed and polished like pebbles rolled in the ocean.
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 265 Columns of basalt being undermined and carried down..the river, and in the course of a few miles rolled to sand and pebbles.
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) i. 15 Treating the rocks less gently, it..rolls, and rubs them until they are fashioned into pebbles, rubble, or boulders.
1912 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 51 450 Some fragments of coal are distinctly rolled, some have merely rounded angles, while others have the edges sharp.
1996 D. Hobbie Being Brett v. 128 A close-up photograph of granite rocks rolled smooth by the ocean.
7. transitive. To make or form (an article) by rolling a material or passing it between rollers.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > other metalworking processes
burnishc1325
rockc1400
leadc1440
braze1552
run1650
stratify1669
shingle1674
snarl1688
plate1706
bar1712
strake1778
shear1837
pile1839
matt1854
reek1869
bloom1875
siliconize1880
tumble1883
rustproof1886
detin1909
blank1914
anodize1931
roll1972
1922 Proc. 23rd Ann. Convent. Amer. Railway Engin. Assoc. 648 Reports of inspection show for each rolling the number of ingots cast and rails rolled from each heat.
1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) v. 161 The perfection of butt welding processes has permitted manufacture of pipe rolled from plate of a diameter only limited by the available width of plate.
1972 Daily Tel. 14 Apr. 21/2 This hid a 6 p.c. rise for the billets and nil rise for the reinforcing bars which are rolled from them.
1985 R. Fernandez Malaysian Cookery 45 Small square sheets rolled from egg noodles dough.
2001 B. K. Das tr. P. Ray Primal Land vii. 34 Sombari's father offered them liquor to drink and fat dhungias , rolled from raw tobacco leaves, to smoke.
8. transitive. U.S. slang (originally in African-American use). To have sexual intercourse with (a person). Also intransitive. Cf. roll n.2 6e; jelly roll n. at jelly n.1 Compounds 2.In early use euphemistic as a metaphorical use of sense 5a in the context of baking: hence its placing here. Its later use might suggest assigning it to Branch IV.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with
mingeOE
haveOE
knowc1175
ofliec1275
to lie with (or by)a1300
knowledgec1300
meetc1330
beliea1350
yknowc1350
touchc1384
deala1387
dightc1386
usea1387
takec1390
commona1400
to meet witha1400
servea1400
occupy?a1475
engender1483
jangle1488
to be busy with1525
to come in1530
visitc1540
niggle1567
mow1568
to mix one's thigh with1593
do1594
grind1598
pepper1600
yark1600
tumble1603
to taste of1607
compressc1611
jumble1611
mix?1614
consort?1615
tastea1616
bumfiddle1630
ingressa1631
sheet1637
carnal1643
night-work1654
bump1669
bumble1680
frig?c1680
fuck1707
stick1707
screw1719
soil1722
to do over1730
shag1770
hump1785
subagitatec1830
diddle1879
to give (someone) onec1882
charver1889
fuckeec1890
plugc1890
dick1892
to make a baby1911
to know (a person) in the biblical sense1912
jazz1920
rock1922
yentz1924
roll1926
to make love1927
shtupa1934
to give (or get) a tumble1934
shack1935
bang1937
to have it off1937
rump1937
tom1949
to hop into bed (with)1951
ball1955
to make it1957
plank1958
score1960
naughty1961
pull1965
pleasurea1967
to have away1968
to have off1968
dork1970
shaft1970
bonk1975
knob1984
boink1985
fand-
1926 ‘Papa’ C. Jackson Your Baby ain't Sweet like Mine (transcript of song) in M. Taft Talkin' to Myself (2005) 266 Your baby can roll her jelly fine Nobody's baby can roll it like mine... She bake her jellyroll all the time.
1927 S. Collins Hesitation Blues (transcript of song) in M. Taft Talkin' to Myself (2005) 137 I got a gal who loves to roll.
1932 ‘Blind Willie McTell’ Rollin' Mama Blues in M. Taft Blues Lyric Poetry (1983) 98 Tell me baby How do you want your rollin' done?..Oh, roll me on my belly baby... I want you to keep it all for your daddy and don't give nobody none. Want you to roll me baby like the baker rolls his dough.
1935 J. Williams Little Leg Woman (transcript of song) in M. Taft Talkin' to Myself (2005) 686 Lord you can squeeze his lemon woman and roll him all night long.
1937 ‘Sonny Boy’ Williamson Skinny Woman (transcript of song) in M. Taft Talkin' to Myself (2005) 696 Lord I don't want no skinny woman I want a woman with a-plenty of meat Now we can roll all night long this woman won't have to stop and eat.
1967 D. Hamma Motorcycle Mommas 167 So I just asked if anyone wanted to roll me.
1976 in D. Wepman et al. Life 141 We rolled all day, and we rolled all night, And your main man's loving was out of sight.
1985 ‘J. Dillinger’ Adrenaline 18 Roll me, baby!.. Roll me all night long!
III. To move by rotation, and related senses.† 13. intransitive. Military. Of a soldier or group of soldiers: to relieve another; to take over a task or duty. Also with round. Obsolete.
9.
a. intransitive. To move in a particular direction by rotating on an axis or around a central point; to move forward on a surface by turning over and over. Also figurative.to set (also keep, start) the ball rolling: see ball n.1 Phrases 1e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > roll along
trendlea1225
rolla1393
trindlec1400
runc1425
trundle1631
bowl1759
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > roll down
rolla1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 3707 (MED) Me thoght I sih a barli cake, Which fro the Hull his weie hath take, And cam rollende doun at ones.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 428 (MED) Þe fayre hede fro þe halce hit to þe erþe, Þat fele hit foyned wyth her fete, þere hit forth roled.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 203 Weltryng and walowynge they rolled doune the hylle.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Lyf St. Wenefryde 3 The hede rolled doun to the chirche dore.
1533 N. Udall Floures for Latine Spekynge 111 b [Sisyphus] coulde neuer cause it to lye, but that it rolled downe to the hylles foote agayne immediately.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iii. vi. 34 Her fate is fixed at a sphericall stone Which roules, and roules, and roules.
a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) v. sig. H4v My heads a Hogs head still, it rowles and tumbles.
1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum xxvii. 106 The Lead dragging and rowling on the ground.
1738 tr. S. Guazzo Art of Conversat. 145 Round me circling Pleasures rowl.
1781 G. Horne Serm. before Univ. Oxf. 11 When we are rolling onward to the brink of the precipice, our fall will not be prevented by shutting our eyes.
1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 32 Being both short and plump, he collected himself into a ball; and rolled round on all sides.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) vii. 69 The ball..rolled between his legs.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid vi, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 271 Massive ash-trees roll from the mountains down the descent.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 356 The ball rolled down to her as if it understood. Every bullet has its billet.
1983 J. M. Coetzee Life & Times Michael K iii. 246 He knocked over an empty bottle which rolled away.
2001 Mirror (Nexis) 20 July 16 Their peace is disturbed when a boulder rolls ominously into their beloved pool.
b. transitive. To cause to move forward on a surface by turning over and over; to impel (a thing or person) in a particular direction by rotation on an axis or around a central point.In quot. 1581 in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move or cause to move progressively in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > cause to roll along
wallowa1380
rolla1398
revolve?a1425
trollc1450
bowl1580
trundle1598
run1889
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 31 For a rounde þing haþ no corneres in þe whiche þe meuynge myȝte be I-letted, by þe roundenes þat may be I-rolled he is þe more able to meue.
c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 255 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 365 Þane bad he schellis & brynnand cole straw in þe floure,..& nakyt þare-one hire rol.
c1480 (a1400) St. Christina 218 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 404 He..gert foure wicht men to ga, þat suld rol hire to & fra.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) clxiii So mony I sawe that than clymben wold, And failit foting, and to ground were rold.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark xvi. f. lxxv Who shall rolle awaye the stone from the dore off the sepulcre?
1581 R. Goade in Conf. (1584) iii. Q iiij You heare his answere, this stone hath bene rowled enough.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. 1124 They rolled downe two huge stones, whereof the one smote the King upon the head.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 154 An Egg that fell from Heaven into Euphrates, and [was] by Fishes rolled on Land.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World xiii. 395 They..roll'd our cask down to the boat, but always expected a white face to assist them.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 27 As Mr. Cozens was rowling up a steep Beech a Cask of Pease, he found it too heavy for him.
1832 J. Marcet Spring in Seasons (1847) 38 Off he would go, rolling along his hoop, and running after it.
1847 Act 10 & 11 Victoria c. 89 §28 Every Person who rolls or carries any Cask, Tub, Hoop, or Wheel..upon any Footway.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 216 His momentum rolled him over and over down the incline.
1901 M. C. Dickerson Moths & Butterflies iii. 275 We may see a pair of ‘tumble-bugs’ industriously rolling a ball along the road.
1950 J. Lait & L. Mortimer Chicago Confidential ii. xvii. 145 On the third try the player rolls two dice.
2000 Independent 19 Dec. (Review section) 7/6 If this was America, they'd be rolling barrels down the main street by now.
c. transitive. figurative. To remove or dispose of (an abstract or immaterial thing); (Theology) to turn over (a burden) to God or Christ (cf. sense 11).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > find no difficulty in [verb (transitive)] > make easy or easier > disencumber or disburden > remove or discharge (a burden)
removec1405
unfraught1563
roll1593
depose1617
to take off a person's handsa1629
shrive1814
1593 H. Lok Sundry Christian Passions xxxv. 19 Roll backe hard stonie heart, bid him arise, Who slaue to sin in earthly coffin lies.
1624 T. Gataker Christian Mans Care 45 Roll thy burden upon the Lord, saith the Psalmist, and he will maintaine thee.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxiii. 201 He had rolled off from the people the Reproach of Egypt.
1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) i. cxxxii. 8 Let their Wheels in any Circle run But that which might their homage roul to thee!
a1771 T. Gray Ess. I in W. Mason Mem. Life & Writings (1775) 196 Their arms, their kings, their gods were roll'd away.
1793 A. Serle Church of God 279 Faith..strips him of self, drives him from the world and sin, enables him to roll all upon his Lord with a holy complacency and resignation.
1859 C. Heavysege Saul (ed. 2) 141 How light the heart whose weight is from it rolled!
1907 Chinese Recorder Apr. 188 There are no discouragements, for the burden of souls is rolled upon the Lord.
1934 R. Graves I, Claudius xxxii. 473 The rosy-fingered Goddess then Will roll away the night of stars.
2005 N. L. Van Pelt & M. L. Hamblin Dear Nancy iv. 112 Telling her..would relieve this man's conscience and roll the burden of guilt off his shoulders.
d. transitive. Originally U.S. To obtain (a particular number) on a roll of the dice.
ΚΠ
1915 R. G. Carter in H. Maynadier Made to Order 44 If I roll a six before a five, it's Rose I marry.
1956 Times 19 Sept. 7 The first man..rubbed the dice in his hands, called loudly for ‘snake eyes’,..then rolled a seven.
1993 S. Kuriscak Casino Talk 17 Crap out, to roll a 2, 3, or 12 on the first roll.
2008 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 31 Aug. 1 Berry took out a pair of dice, rolled a seven on Hughes' grave, then wrote a song about it.
10. † b. intransitive. With complement. To traverse a specified course while revolving. Obsolete. rare.
a. intransitive. Of the heavens, the sun, or the earth: to trace its circular course, to perform a periodical revolution. Also figurative. Chiefly literary and poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > move [verb (intransitive)] > specific
runOE
yernc1055
wadea1400
roll?a1500
ridea1586
trepidate1623
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1658 in Poems (1981) 65 The firmament payntit with sternis cleir From eist to west rolland in cirkill round.
1601 S. Daniel Epist. to C'tess Cumberland 95 in Wks. (Grosart) I. 206 The centre of this world, about the which These reuolutions of disturbances Still roule.
1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) vi. 319 A stone by nature is inclined to descend, and the Sunne to rowle about the world.
1699 S. Garth Dispensary iii. 25 The Earth has rowl'd twelve annual turns, and more.
1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 5 Aug. 1/1 The Earth..constantly rolls about the Sun, and the Moon about the Earth.
1781 W. Cowper Charity 317 Philosophy..Sees planetary wonders smoothly roll Round other systems under her control.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain II. vi. 110 The sun was rolling high in the firmament.
1949 H. Gillespie & B. Smith (title of song) That lucky old sun (just rolls around heaven all day).
2002 K. S. Robinson Years of Rice & Salt 754 The Earth rolls around the sun, three hundred and sixty-five and a quarter days a year.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > move [verb (transitive)] > traverse
roll1667
transit1704
transit1738
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 19 The Firmament..And all her numberd Starrs, that seem to rowle Spaces incomprehensible. View more context for this quotation
a1771 T. Gray Fragm. Hymn to Ignorance 176 in Poems (1775) ii Thrice hath Hyperion roll'd his annual race.
11. Theology.† a. intransitive and transitive (reflexive). With in, on, upon: to trust in God or Christ. Obsolete. [Originally a literal translation of biblical Hebrew gālal, the usual sense of which is ‘to roll, to roll away’, but which occurs in extended uses in Psalm 22:8 in the idiom gĕōl ʿal-'ădōnāy ‘let him commit himself to the Lord’, lit. ‘let him roll upon the Lord’, and in Psalm 37:5 and Proverbs 16:3 in the idiom gĕōl ʿal-'ădōnāy derēḵḵā ‘reveal your way to the Lord’, lit. ‘roll your way upon the Lord’.]
ΚΠ
1560 Bible (Geneva) Psalms xxii. 8 He trusted [margin. roled] in the Lord.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xxii. 8 He trusted [margin. rolled himselfe] on the Lord. View more context for this quotation
1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 129 Roll thy self then upon his providence, and repose thy self..upon his promises.
1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (cxxxi. 3 Paraphr.) 652 To roll and repose themselves wholly upon God.
1676 V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo (new ed.) 315 We do lean, and rest on Christ, and if leaning be not enough, we may make a little more bold, and Roll on him, as appears from Psal. 37. 5.
1787 J. Wesley Let. 6 Oct. (1931) VIII. 15 Roll yourself (as David speaks) upon the Lord, and He is and always will be your sufficient portion.
1884 Gospel Standard May 213 In this condition many a living soul has continued for years; sometimes attempting to roll themselves upon the Lord, and crying out in bitterness of soul.
b. transitive to roll one's way on (also upon): to entrust with the course of one's life; to trust in.Chiefly with allusion to Psalm 37:5. [after biblical Hebrew gĕōl ʿal-'ădōnāy derēḵḵā (see above).]
ΚΠ
1611 Bible (King James) Ps. xxxvii. 5 (margin) Rolle thy way vpon the Lord. View more context for this quotation
a1684 R. Leighton Serm. in Sel. Wks. (1746) 572 Commit thy way, roll thy Way upon the Lord, trust on the Lord.
1707 J. Edwards Veritas Redux II. i. vii. 92 But it is observable, that according to the Hebrew, the former clause ought to be rendered thus, Roll thy way on the Lord.
1838 Short Comments Every Chapter Holy Bible (Relig. Tract Soc.) 386 Commit thy way unto the Lord; roll thy way upon the Lord, so the margin reads it.
1881 J. Bates Class Leader's Treasury 121 That is, roll thy way upon the Lord, as one who lays upon the shoulder of one stronger than himself a burden which he is not able to bear.
1909 J. R. Miller Gate Beautiful iii. 37 The reason for worrying..is that people do not roll their way upon the Lord.
1932 A. Carmichael Gold Cord lii. 360 Roll thy way upon the Lord; trust also in Him, and He shall bring it to pass.
12. intransitive. Of time, a period of time, or an event in time: to go by, pass; to advance, move on, proceed. Also transitive: to run (its course). Also figurative.For established uses with particular adverbs see Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (transitive)] > complete a portion of time
accomplisha1500
explete1635
roll1639
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 306 Thus rowles the event of humane things.
1731 J. Wesley Let. 11 Jan. (1931) I. 73 A line from Aspasia or Selima would make the time roll more swiftly.
a1771 T. Gray Imit. Propertius in Wks. (1814) II. 86 Measured out the year, and bade the seasons roll.
1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. Introd. 300 When the year its course had rolled, And brought blithe Christmas back again.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 4 Thus labour's early days did rugged roll.
1866 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 3 Feb. 177/1 Then, joyful, while the seasons roll, Will I sing on, with heart and soul.
1969 Times 22 July 8/4 The envious seasons roll in vain.
2004 Merck Man. Health & Aging (2005) 767 All the children have left home and the years keep rolling.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] > come on or off duty > do same duty
roll1701
1701 Ess. Better Regulating Militia 5 Now dividing the year into 5 parts, each Regiment of Foot might roll round, and do their Duty.
1702 Mil. Dict. at To Roul Officers of equal quality, who mount the same Guards, and do the same Duty, relieving one another, are said to Roul; as Captains with Captains, and Subalterns with Subalterns.
1737 Common Sense I. 161 No gentleman in the Army would have rowled upon Duty with such pitiful Officers.
1772 Triumph of Benevolence II. xxxvi. 248 They refused to roll with him, and he was obliged to sell out.
14. Bowling.
a. intransitive. U.S. To bowl a bowling ball; to play (tenpin) bowling.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > play at bowls [verb (intransitive)]
bowl1440
roll1831
1831 Amer. Monthly Mag. (Boston) Jan. 687 I don't think that he enjoys bowling—he is too careful—there is too much aiming—and he rolls too vehemently.
a1864 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1872) II. 203 There is a bowling-alley on the island, at which some of the young fishermen were rolling.
1915 Washington Post 24 Oct. d2/2 Ingram Memorial Church boasts of a women's league and another rolls at the Arcade.
1955 Pittsburgh Courier 9 July a12/2 A serious illness has sidelined him and there are those who doubt that he'll ever roll again.
2008 M. Walsh Bowling across Amer. 65 As we roll, it emerges..[he] opted for Lebowski Fest over his high school homecoming dance tonight.
b. transitive. Originally U.S. To bowl (a game of (tenpin) bowling, esp. one of a specified score); to achieve (a specified score, number of strikes, etc.) in a game or series of games of (tenpin) bowling. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > ninepins or ten-pins > play ninepins or ten-pins [verb (transitive)] > bowl (spec. score)
roll1878
1878 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 22 Sept. 16/4 The Western Ten-Pin Club..have received a challenge from the Lafayette Park Club to roll a match game for the champion pin.
1894 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel 3 Feb. 7/3 John Johnston..rolled up 186 in the second game.
1915 J. H. Clausen Boat of Gaeta 65 When Otis takes the sphere I am seized with torpid fear..lest he'll only roll a spare.
1975 Times 29 Nov. 17/2 He rolled an eight-game pinfall of 1,643.
1979 Arizona Daily Star 1 Apr. c2/6 Earl Anthony..rolled nine strikes in the championship match yesterday.
2000 M. Benson Essent. Bowling 77 Two other bowlers had rolled three consecutive 300 games.
15. intransitive. To proceed or operate in a steady and predictable manner; to go on. Also with on.Sometimes with allusion to the movement of a wheeled vehicle; cf. branch VII.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > continue doing or keep going in a course of action [verb (intransitive)] > in a typical fashion
roll1835
to rock along (also occasionally on)1858
1835 Q. Christian Spectator June 310 The best possible system has been called into existence, and set in motion, and now rolls on to its ultimate consummation.
1854 Dublin Univ. Mag. July 128/2 As the present war rolls on, England will find herself wholly severed from her Continental alliances.
1857 New Monthly Mag. 109 10 It was found necessary to borrow money, that the state machine might be kept rolling.
1946 Harvard Law Rev. 59 1348 This plan is not a scheme to establish Utopia; it is designed to provide the adjustment which will keep a capitalistic economy rolling.
1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 1 Aug. iv. 2/3 No enterprise is ever declared bankrupt. They just roll on.
2002 S. Berry Kids' Bk. Basketball ii. 38 While no one player has yet emerged as ‘the next Michael Jordan’,..the NBA keeps rolling on.
16. intransitive. Originally U.S. To proceed with ease to a victory.Originally with reference to tenpin bowling; cf. sense 14a.
ΚΠ
1910 Chicago Tribune 5 Dec. 10/4 (heading) Woodbury rolls to victory. Takes eleven of fifteen games.
1927 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 9 Nov. 4/2 Majorities that proved unbelievable to old time Republican leaders were piled up by the ‘young men's’ ticket which rolled to victory under the leadership of Mayor Charles G. Hanna.
1936 Salt Lake Tribune 28 Oct. 19/3 The Cornhuskers should roll to victory, but they cannot afford to relax against this improved Missouri team.
1974 Anderson (S. Carolina) Independent 19 Apr. b4/2 Stephens County..rolled to a 6-2 win over Georgia Industrial.
2008 Western Daily Press (Bristol) (Nexis) 21 Jan. 11 Romney rolled to victory in Nevada Republican caucuses.
17. intransitive. American Football. Frequently with out. To perform a rollout (rollout n. 2).
ΚΠ
1955 San Mateo (Calif.) Times 24 Oct. 19/2 He rolled to his right..and passed to Wilson for 23 yards.
1965 N. Reebenacker How to develop Successful High School Passing Attack 94 If your passer does not have the strength to throw to the sideline accurately, he could roll out to that side.
1991 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 22 Sept. v. 10/4 The drive's big play saw Corontzos roll right and hit Robert Rivers for a gain of 17.
2009 Washington Times (Nexis) 26 Jan. c1 [The quarterback] rolled out and threw a touchdown pass to Crowley.
IV. To turn or turn over; to rotate, revolve.† 22. transitive. To talk about, discuss (a person). Obsolete. rare.
18.
a. transitive. To rotate (a malleable substance) on a surface or between the hands while applying pressure, in order to form into a more or less cylindrical or spherical shape; (also more generally) to reshape (such a substance) by rolling. Cf. to roll into —— 3 at Phrasal verbs 2, to roll out 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 93v For drines meueþ toward þe..middel and may nouȝt sprede þe matiere a brood, he drawiþ it togedres & rolliþ it and makeþ it rounde.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 45 (MED) Þan rolle þin stuf in þin hond & couche it in þe cakys.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 48 (MED) Ley þin comede on þe cake in þe maner of a benecodde, y-rollyd with þin hond.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iii. v. 56 Suppositories ar made somtyme with hony only, sodden, rolled on a bourde, and made rounde, smaller at the one ende than at the other.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. vii. viii. 1186 The Bread of my Companions was halfe baked Dough, of round forme, which they bake with putting a hot stone into the Dough, and rolling it, cast it into the fire.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xvii. 162 Pull it into little Pieces about as big as a large Walnut, roll them with your Hand like a Ball, lay them on your Table, and..lay a Piece of Flannel over them.
1855 J. W. Colenso Ten Weeks in Natal 126 Having obtained..a white gummy substance..they roll it between their hands, until it becomes of sufficient length to be laid over the sedge ring.
1886 J. R. Benton How to cook Well 298 With the palms of both hands roll it on the board till one foot long and evenly round.
1976 Gleaner 1 Feb. (Mag.) 11/5 Grown men and women making sand-pies, rolling plasticine and having a great time pouring water over a plastic wheel.
2001 K. Walker tr. S. Dickhaut et al. Basic Baking ii. 45 Pull the dough over the filling to enclose it and roll the strand again until it is round in shape.
b. transitive. To cause to turn on an axis or around a central point; to cause to rotate or move round, esp. on a surface or between the hands. Also: to turn (a person or thing) to face a different direction. Frequently with prepositions, esp. in. Also figurative.In quot. c1400 perhaps: to mangle (a person's bowels).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (transitive)] > turn over and over or roll
trendc1315
trendle1382
welter?a1400
rollc1400
overweltera1450
wamble1561
trindle1595
obvolve1649
pitch-pole1926
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 253 (MED) Þai..toke a spete of Copur brennyng, & put hit þrouȝ þe horne into his body, and ofte-tymes rollede þerwiþ his bowailes.
c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) v. 572 (MED) Þus good feith is rollid up soo doun And trwe menyng darkyd with a skye That we in Englisshe calle flaterye.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 133 (MED) Iche day turne hem and newe rolle hem be-twyx þin handys, and þanne schall no wyrmys breden in hem.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 693/1 I rolle a thyng bytwene my handes, je roulle.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. iii. 16 He hath..rolled me in the dust.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. iii A branch or two of Saven anointed or rold in butter.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 499 Now Heav'n in all her Glorie shon, and rowld Her motions. View more context for this quotation
1736 T. Gray Let. 8 May in Corr. T. Gray & W. Mason (1853) 3 And now in dust the polish'd ball he roll'd.
1799 W. Wordsworth Slumber did my Spiret Heal 7 No motion has she now,..She neither hears nor sees; Rolled round in earth's diurnal course.
1836 R. M. Bird Sheppard Lee II. v. vii. 91 They fell upon me, and, being very numerous, did actually roll me about in a gutter.
1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 145/2 The movement of the machine rolling the damp grains constantly among the dry meal powder.
1935 Amer. Girl July 23/2 ‘Dough laddies’ were bits of soft dough fried in deep fat and rolled in cinnamon and sugar.
1970 J. Dickey Deliverance 188 I went back to the man on the ground..and rolled him onto his back.
1999 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 112 381 She recalled this woman taking a string, rolling it in some kind of dust, and tying it into nine knots.
c. transitive (reflexive). = sense 20a. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (reflexive)] > roll
roll1538
volt1694
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Cylydros, a serpent that rolleth hym selfe as he gothe.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 152 That he mycht..with the gretter confidence row him selfe in al filthines.
1611 Bible (King James) Micah i. 10 In the house of Aphrah rowle thy selfe in the dust.
1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. vi. 114 The great Dragon shall roll himself in the ocean, and with his motions the earth shall be overflowed.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 111 The porcupine..is said to roll itself upon the serpent, and thus destroy and devour it.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 341 A mountain of water which approached us from the Sea, rolling itself over and over.
1844 G. H. G. McCrae Jrnl. 15 Feb. in Georgiana's Jrnl. (1934) 110 Suddenly my pony propped, and I had just time to disengage my limb from the pommel before he started to roll himself on the beach.
1890 Cent. Dict. Pulveratores, birds which habitually roll themselves in the dust.
1920 R. W. James Dream Prelude 85 The Earth moves on and rolls itself With wondrous rhythm o'er and e'er.
2004 G. D. Ruxton et al. Avoiding Attack i. 24/1 As a solution, Pooh rolled himself in mud so that he would resemble a small black cloud.
d. transitive. Scottish. To wind (a clock or watch). Chiefly with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set
setc1400
temper1538
roll1583
rule1595
winda1616
to wind upa1616
to set forwarda1627
to set back1635
regulate1665
to put back1704
to put forward1741
to put on1826
time1873
1583 in J. R. Anderson Burgesses & Guild Brethren Glasgow (1925) 12 Fines given to Sir Archibald Dikkie for rowling and gyding of the knok.
1698 in E. Henderson Ann. Dunfermline (1879) 363 That he should not only daily row up and wait upon the knock.
1725 T. Orem Descr. of Chanonry in Old Aberdeen (NLS Adv. MS 33.5.23) 27 He shall roule the Clock Day & Night, and keep it in order.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. 315/1 ‘To row up a knock,’ to wind up a clock.
1884 ‘J. Strathesk’ More Bits from Blinkbonny ii. 27 A clock is for keeping time if it's rowed up.
1904 ‘H. Foulis’ Erchie xxi. 137 Their bonny wee watches that never gang because they're never rowed up.
1987 P. Mason C'mon geeze yer Patter! 76 Yon nock's stoaped. It needs rowed up.
e. transitive. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.) To rob (a person, esp. an intoxicated or unconscious one). Cf. roller n.1 21d.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] > steal from > from a drunk or sleeping person
roll1866
jackroll1914
1866 W. Hilleary Jrnl. 18 July in Webfoot Volunteer (1965) 213 They get some fellows drunk and entice them to the outskirts of the town and then ‘roll him’ for all he has. Some of the..Cavalry were thus ‘rolled’.
1873 A. S. Evans À la Calif. xii. 298 When one of these fellows makes a raise by ‘rolling a drunk’ (i.e., taking the valuables from the pockets of a drunken man on the sidewalk), he will take a single bed at 37½ cents.
1923 A. Price Dreams 3 My money, I kept in my cutter shoes, And I wasn't rolled the endurin' trip.
1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. v. 940 She paid all the bills at the George Sank and gave him a terrific time for a couple of days and then rolled him.
1978 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 22 Apr. 10/4 He had given much thought before sentencing two aboriginal women..for ‘rolling’ a man in a hotel.
2001 G. D. Gold Carter beats Devil i. v. 68 He admitted he'd stolen linen from churches, forged cheques, rolled the intoxicated, and poured spiked drinks in a thieves' den.
f. transitive. To cause (a vehicle window) to move up to a closed position or down to an open position by rotating a handle or activating an electronic control. Usually with adverb or adjective complement specifying the direction of motion. Cf. to wind up 5c at wind v.1 Phrasal verbs, to wind down 3 at wind v.1 Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > open or close window
roll1926
to wind down1961
to wind up1970
1926 Hawarden (Iowa) Independent 28 Oct. 1/5 Shortly before the accident occurred Miss Johnson felt drowsy and rolled down a window and then as she began to feel better she rolled it up again.
1953 Pop. Sci. May 99 I'd roll the windows open and duck down on the seat or floor.
1972 G. Lucas et al. Amer. Graffiti (film script) 8 Roll up your window. Have you gone mad?
1992 N.Y. Mag. 20 Apr. 48 Should we roll the windows shut, so the car doesn't sink as fast?
1997 J. Sandford Night Crew (1998) xx. 213 ‘How do you roll the window?’ The window rolled down and Anna yelled.
2005 Z. Smith On Beauty 440 Howard rolled down the passenger window and beeped his horn.
19. figurative.
a. transitive. To think over (a matter); to consider and reconsider; to turn over in the mind. Also (esp. in later use) with about, over. Cf. revolve v. 8a. †to roll up and down: to reflect upon (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]
i-thenchec897
showeOE
i-mune971
thinkOE
overthinkOE
takec1175
umbethinkc1175
waltc1200
bethinkc1220
wend?c1225
weighc1380
delivera1382
peisea1382
considerc1385
musec1390
to look over ——a1393
advise?c1400
debatec1400
roll?c1400
revert?a1425
advertc1425
deliberc1425
movec1425
musec1425
revolvec1425
contemplec1429
overseec1440
to think overc1440
perpend1447
roil1447
pondera1450
to eat inc1450
involvec1470
ponderate?a1475
reputec1475
counterpoise1477
poisea1483
traversec1487
umbecast1487
digest1488
undercast1489
overhalec1500
rumble1519
volve?1520
compassa1522
recount1526
trutinate1528
cast1530
expend1531
ruminate1533
concoct1534
contemplate1538
deliberate1540
revolute1553
chawa1558
to turn over1568
cud1569
cogitate1570
huik1570
chew1579
meditatec1580
discourse1581
speculate1599
theorize1599
scance1603
verse1614
pensitate1623
agitate1629
spell1633
view1637
study1659
designa1676
introspect1683
troll1685
balance1692
to figure on or upon1837
reflect1862
mull1873
to mull over1874
scour1882
mill1905
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. met. xi. l. 2846 Lat hym wel examine, and rolle with inne hym self the nature and the propretes of the thing.
1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 285 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 302 To maistir Iohn de Meun..it was a lewde occupacioun..to rollen vp and doun; So long procees, so many a sly cautele, For to deceyue a cely damoisele.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 510 Ful ofte in herte he rolleth vp and doun The beautee of thise floryns newe & brighte.
c1450 (c1405) Mum & Sothsegger (BL Add. 41666) (1936) l. 858 (MED) I..lay dovne on a lynche to lithe my boones, Rolling in remembrance my rennyng aboute And alle þe perillous patthes þat I passid had.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. xi. l. 12 Iuno,..Rollyng in mynd full mony kankyrryt blok, Hes send adoun..Irys.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalms (1963) xxxv. ii. 77 Wrack, on those wrong-doers throw..for my hurt each way their thoughtes did roule.
1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cassandra iii. iii. 150 Hee afterwards rowld over a thousand violent thoughts in his imagination.
1687 B. Randolph Present State Archipel. 36 We resolved on an excuse, after rowling a great many.
1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Sept. (1948) I. 13 I am come home rolling resentments in my mind, and framing schemes of revenge.
1731 D. Mallet Eurydice ii. i. 19 My soul Shakes, as I roll this thought.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in Maud & Other Poems 111 So Lawrence Aylmer,..rolling in his mind Old waifs of rhyme,..Mused and was mute.
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone II. viii. 96 Rudely rolling these ideas in my heavy head and brain, I resolved to let the morrow put them into form and order.
1909 Pacific Monthly Oct. 357/2 He seemed to roll the thought deliciously in his mind a moment, and then looked up.
1968 V. Nabokov King, Queen, Knave v. 91 He thought for a moment, then added: ‘I think I want to roll your offer around in my head.’
1984 Washington Post (Nexis) 20 July c1 While rolling the idea around in his head, Potts mused [etc.].
2004 M. A. Crane Fistful of Thorns x. 97 Kate rolled the suggestion over in her mind then reacted, ‘What?’
b. intransitive. Of a thought, emotion, etc.: to come to mind; to pass through the mind, often repetitively; to be deliberated over. Also with about, around, †to and fro.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > come to mind, occur [verb (intransitive)] > persistently
rollc1435
run1578
hammer1593
c1435 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Sloane 1685) (1897) l. 838 Ffulle ofte in hys hert yt rollyd vp & doun The beute of þese florens fayre and bryȝt.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) x (MED) Among thir thoughtis rolling to and fro, Fell me to mynd of my fortune and ure.
a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) i. 117 I haue suche matters rolling in my pate, That I wyl speake and do.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 462 Here tell Me,..What diff'rent Sorrows did within Thee roll?
a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. ii. 455 She, pleas'd with secrets rowling in her breast.
1818 J. Jebb Corr. (1834) II. 353 If I put forward anything which had not long rolled in my mind.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. ix. 234 I have an idea about the size of a marble, rolling about in my little noddle.
1915 G. M. White Rose o' Paradise ii. 32 Confused thoughts rolled through her mind.
1973 P. Elbow Writing without Teachers iii. 59 All these ideas rolling around in my head about motives for teaching.
2002 J. L. Nelson Pirate Round (2003) xi. 135 He could all but hear the questions rolling through the men's heads.
20.
a. intransitive. Of a person or animal: to turn around a central point; to turn over repeatedly while lying down or stretched out. Also: to turn so as to face a different direction. Also in extended use.to roll in the hay: see hay n.1 3(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (intransitive)] > turn over and over or roll
trenda1000
trendlea1225
rollc1405
overwhelma1425
windle1487
trill1531
volve1568
troll1581
tirl1824
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals
wallowc900
welter?a1400
rollc1405
wamblec1420
rumble?1516
tolter1529
shake1538
worblea1599
flounder1735
tousle1852
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1756 He rolleth vnder foot as dooth a bal.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1134 As he wente with sir Mellyagaunce he trade on a trappe, and the burde rolled, and there sir Launcelot felle downe more than ten fadom into a cave full off strawe.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vii. sig. G4 Whom when on ground she groueling saw to rowle, She ran in hast his life to haue bereft. View more context for this quotation
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 662 It rowleth and walloweth in the mire.
a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 193 From syde to syde I turne, And restles rowe as on a edge of thorne.
1630 T. May Contin. Lucan vi. sig. G1 They from farre behold The scaly Monster rowling on the sands In spatious windings.
1702 ‘A. Phylopsyches’ Ψυχελογια v. 177 Tho' a sensitive Soul may creep upon the Ground, tho' it may roll and tumble itself in the Dust, yet Reason excites one to believe Man's above it.
1739 T. Lobb Pract. Treat. Distempers x. 169 She used to roll on the Ground in extreme Agonies, trying all Manner of Ways to obtain Ease.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Muræna Its slipperyness makes it roll about, and escape the catcher.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 55 Kittenlike he [sc. a leopard] roll'd And paw'd about her sandal.
1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors v. 94 [A whale] blindly thrashed and rolled about in great agony.
1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark 207 The cargo-mules had played every kind of vicious trick.., running off.., and constantly trying to roll.
1933 Bulletin (Sydney) 13 Dec. 25/2 The only rooter that got the better of Jack was a sullen brute that threw himself down and rolled.
1954 W. S. Burroughs Let. Oct. (1993) 234 Finally rolling around biting the bed and beating on the wall, and so wrung a shot of demerol out of the nurse.
1983 E. Fowler Keep Fit ix. 107 Roll on to left hip and hand, raising right arm to reach across to touch floor beyond.
2003 Mirror (Nexis) 14 Aug. 36 In Finland..it is normal to roll in the snow after emerging from your steamy pine-built hideaway.
b. intransitive and transitive. To turn about an axis, to rotate, esp. continually (independently of any forward motion: cf. senses 9a, 9b). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (intransitive)]
wharvec888
turnOE
runOE
to turn aboutOE
to turn roundc1450
to go roundc1460
revolute1553
gyre1598
veer1605
to come about1607
circumvolve1626
circumgyre1634
to turn around1642
roll1646
revolve1660
circulate1672
twist1680
circumgyrate1683
rotate1757
gyrate1830
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. v. 294 The Sun..hath also a dineticall motion and rowles upon its owne poles. View more context for this quotation
1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 18 The Earth rowls once about its Axis in a natural day.
1694 I. Newton MS ?July in Corr. (1961) III. 375 If..the figure AEDC be rolled about ye axis AB; & the figure generated be moved in water from A towards B: [etc.].
1740 A. Baxter Matho I. iii. 144 The Earth rolls round on its axis..all the Time it is carried round the Sun.
1866 W. R. Alger Poetry of Orient 209 The mighty sky-wheel rolls about its axis without sound.
1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. i. 21 The earth must roll back on its axis again before the moral sense of society recants on these questions.
1948 T. R. Kaiser in Textbk. Radar (Council for Scientific & Industr. Res., Austral.) 285 This system may now be rolled about an axis parallel to BB′ so that AA′ becomes a complete circle.
c. intransitive. Of an aircraft or motor vehicle: to tilt or turn sideways about an axis parallel to its direction of motion.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > fly [verb (intransitive)] > rotate round longitudinal axis
roll1909
1909 ‘Aero-Amateur’ Flying ix. 55 If the wings of a soaring, or gliding machine are curved upwards in the form of a bow the machine certainly has a tendency to travel in a straight line, but will have also a tendency to roll badly.
1918 J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 69 He was looping and rolling between the church spires.
1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) 129 As every motorist knows, cornering produces a tendency for the body of the vehicle to lean outwards, or roll.
1976 Times 17 July 12/3 The Pitts, a small and exceptionally manoeuvrable biplane..can roll through more than 360° in a second.
2004 W. F. Phillips Mech. Flight vi. 564 If the pilot continues to apply right aileron, the airplane will continue to roll.
d. transitive. colloquial. Of a driver: to overturn (one's vehicle) in an accident. Also with over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inversion > invert [verb (transitive)] > turn the reverse or wrong way
turna1200
misturna1350
overturna1382
reversec1400
revertc1440
inturn1573
retrograde1582
renversec1586
retrovert1782
roll1918
1918 A. Lowell Can Grande's Castle 115 Drop my arm, Damn you! or you will roll the coach over!
1947 Chillicothe (Missouri) Constit. 18 Dec. 7/4 When [she]..rolled her car over five times, she crawled unhurt from the wreckage.
1977 Belfast Tel. 14 Feb. 21/7 Lyons had rolled his Chrysler Avenger on the final day.
2005 Southland (N.Z.) Times (Nexis) 21 May 6 Scott,..has rolled his own Jeep rally truck ‘four times’.
e. intransitive. colloquial. Of a moving vehicle: to overturn in an accident. Also with over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inversion > invert or turn over [verb (intransitive)]
invert1801
to turn over1845
roll1929
1929 Salt Lake Tribune 9 Oct. 20/8 As the car rolled over on the highway it threw occupants out.
1968 Sun 12 Nov. 8/4 While the world sleeps, they [sc. rally drivers] ‘yump’ and ‘wrong slot’ and sometimes have the misfortune to ‘roll’.
1981 Times 24 Nov. 19 Mikkola..lost his lead only once when his car rolled over on to its roof in the Lake District.
2009 Daily Herald-Tribune (Grande Prairie, Alberta) (Nexis) 30 Jan. 7 Two people died after the stolen truck they were in rolled on Highway 63 near Fort McMurray.
21.
a. intransitive. Of the eyes: to turn in their sockets; spec. to rotate rapidly, often as a sign of injury or frenzy. Also with about.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (intransitive)] > move eyes
rollc1405
wallc1500
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 201 Hise eyen steepe and rollynge in his heed That stemed as a fourneys of a leed.
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 100 (MED) Yf..the eyen..rollen about as a-writh, it sheweth a full grete wodnesse to be appropred to hym.
a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 117 Your ien glyster as glasse, Rowlynge in yower..hede, vgly to see.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc2v Her wanton eyes..Did roll too highly.
a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 46 Eyes which rowle towards all, weep not but sweat.
1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle iii. 36 Look how his eyes rowle; how pale his lips are.
1703 Hist. Geneal. Poet. Dict. at Daedalus Walking statues, with their eyes rolling as if they had been alive.
1763 C. Johnstone Reverie (new ed.) I. xxvii. 140 His eyes rolled wildly round the room..as he ran and threw himself at the steward's feet.
1811 P. B. Shelley St. Irvyne ii. 48 His eyes wildly roll'd, When the death-bell toll'd.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxvii. 258 Her shoulders..were never easy..: nor were her eyes, which rolled about incessantly.
1874 G. MacDonald Malcolm III. xxii. 294 Her eyes rolled stupid and visionless.
1920 R. Y. Stormberg Mrs. Pieter de Bruyn 96 Swartz was called a Hottentot, a Shangaan,..and being a full-blooded and very proud Basuto his eyes rolled at the insult.
1964 F. O'Rourke Mule for Marquesa (1967) vi. 80 He turned and his right eye rolled.
1998 H. Strachan Way Up Way Out iv. 65 Rearing and prancing about,..bloodshot eyes rolling and teeth champing at the air.
b. transitive. To turn (the eyes) in their sockets, often spec. in a circular motion from one side to another (in later use typically demonstrating surprise or disapproval).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (transitive)] > move eyes
rollc1425
roilc1450
wallc1500
wafta1616
slink1923
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 5196 (MED) On him wodly he rolled his eyne.
c1450 (?a1400) Duke Rowland & Sir Otuell (1880) 172 (MED) He rollede his eghne both vp & dowun, And ferde als a wilde lyoun.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. viii. l. 23 On Turnus to behald, Our all hys bustuus body, as he wald, Rollyng hys eyn.
?1545 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture sig. B When thou shalte speake rolle not to faste thy eye.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. D1v About he walkes, Rowling his greedie eye-bals in his head. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 620 Bred onely and completed to the taste Of lustful appetence, to..troule the Tongue, and roule the Eye. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 115 He..leaps upon the Ground; And hissing, rowls his glaring Eyes around. View more context for this quotation
1709 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ (ed. 2) i. 70 Virgins, who roll your artful eyes, And shoot delicious Danger thence.
1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 53 They..roll'd the wanton eye, And sigh'd for ev'ry fool that flutter'd by.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. viii. 115 Sam, however, preserved an immovable gravity, only..rolling his eyes up, and giving..droll glances.
1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations II. viii. 134 Joe sat and rolled his eyes at the ceiling.
1931 B. Marshall Father Malachy's Miracle v. 91 The egg merchant rolled his eyes lugubriously.
1964 J. Thompson Pop. 1280 (1990) xxiii. 207 She studied me for a long time..and then she shrugged and rolled her eyes. ‘Oh, brother!’ she said. ‘What a bull artist!’
2000 Professionally Speaking June 45/1 Teachers..may take one look at the program and roll their eyes in disbelief.
c. transitive. To move (a part of the body) with a circular motion.
ΚΠ
1689 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies ii. 205/2 Let her lick Syrup of Quinces, or dry Roses alone, and rowl her Tongue about her Mouth.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 159 Mr. Justice was led into the parlour in his night-cap and loose morning gown, rolling his head from side to side.
1861 G. W. Curtis Trumps i. 10 Mr. Gray rolled his neck in his white cravat, crossed his legs, and shook his black-gaitered shoe.
1932 W. Lewis Filibusters in Barbary i. viii. 38 The contortions of the doper-drummer, nursing his agwal like a restive brat, beating its bottom—now drooping over his instrument and twitching, now rolling his head.
1964 R. Gover Here goes Kitten 27 I lick my lips real slow an sexy, roll a little hip an I jump one eye-brow up.
1990 S. Morgan Homeboy xx. 128 Ah Toy watched him roll his shoulders and twitch his neck as if his jacket and collar were too tight.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > discuss (a topic)
talka1387
rolla1413
descant?1532
to speak to ——1610
to speak unto ——1639
to go into ——1697
cuff1746
to speak on ——1819
tongue1841
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1061 O, rolled shal I ben on many a tonge.
23.
a. transitive. To form into a mass by turning over and over; to pile up (a mound or heap) by rolling something in this way. Frequently with into; also with together, up. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > agglomerate or conglomerate > by turning over
roll1547
1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. ii. v. sig. Kij Death..rolleth bothe ryche and pore folke togyther.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Biij They rowled before them a bulwarke or countremure of earth.
1569 T. Blague Schole of Wise Conceytes 238 But ye Dorre rolled togither a ball of dung whiche he caried vp and lette fall into Iupiters bosome.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 106 The tide..flowes with such fury and impetuosity, as it were mountains rolled up in water.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 594 Down they fell By thousands, Angel on Arch-Angel rowl'd; The sooner for thir Arms. View more context for this quotation
1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad v. 122 Round the Theban walls, Heaps roll'd on heaps, the mingled forest falls.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Wad, a quantity of old rope-yarns rolled firmly together into the form of a ball, and used to confine the shot or shell..in the breech of a piece of artillery.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 323 Some reapers are better than others at rowing luchters.
1845 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 389/1 After being cut with this instrument, the peas are rolled up into small bundles provincially termed ‘wads’.
1892 P. H. Emerson Son of Fens 13 The rollers are women who roll barley into ridges or tie the wheat.
1916 Standard Cycl. Hort. V. 2728/1 The branched hairs of the calyx of the crimson clover, if eaten by horses and cattle,..are rolled together to form the hair-balls which..[kill] many animals.
1981 W. Smith Men of Men 282 Bazo shed his kilt and cloak and headdress. He rolled them into a bundle and hid them in a rock crevice.
1987 Stock & Land (Melbourne) 22 Oct. (Murray Grey Anniv. Suppl.) 12/1 All hay is rolled for labor saving.
2000 J. Medlicott Ladies of Covington send their Love (2001) xxxv. 302 The land was well tended, hay rolled into neat golden bales waiting to be moved to storage in the barn.
b. transitive. To combine (diverse characteristics, beliefs, etc.), often into one person or thing. Also with together, up. See also to roll into one at Phrases 3.
ΚΠ
1833 Examiner 21 July 449/1 If every twenty useless Irish parsons were rolled into one useless Bishop, what would be the effect to the Catholic?
1855 G. E. Jewsbury Constance Herbert III. vii. 82 Those in his own meridian, who believed him to be all the British aristocracy rolled into his one person.
1879 M. D. Conway Demonol. I. iii. viii Every constituent feature..rolled together in one pandemonic expression.
1931 Visct. Knebworth Boxing 78 He [sc. Dempsey] had more fighting spirit and more of the sheer killer instinct in him than was in all four of them rolled together.
1943 Rosicrucian Digest Sept. 292/1 Dr. Talley, soft-spoken and Texas-born, is an unusual compendium of sterling qualities rolled into one personality.
1991 J. F. Koller Nothing to Fear xxi. 136 It's like Christmas and the Fourth of July and my birthday, all rolled up together.
2006 Art Rev. Aug. 80 There is another force at work here, which dangerously rolls together Christian eschatology and nuclear Armageddon.
24. intransitive. Of the stomach: to churn, to be unsettled or agitated. Also with over. Cf. rolling n.1 1.With the simile in quot. 1674 cf. sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > be agitated or stirred
roll1667
churn1735
1667 G. Bishop New Eng. Judged: 2nd Pt. 28 Your lips twittered afret another draught of blood, and your stomachs rould, whilst your Janizaries forc't a Dinner of blood for you.
1674 T. Duffett Amorous Old-woman iii. vi. 40 Does not thy Stomach begin to wamble? And Rowl like a Ship in a storm?
1816 S. Gridley Diss. Importance & Associability Human Stomach 4 They experienced this distressing sensation, and felt as though the stomach was rolling over.
1869 W. W. Hall Guide-board to Health, Peace & Competence 389 As soon as we begin to feel hungry, the stomach rolls and works about.
1943 R. Sullivan Dark Continent xiv. 123 Rafferty..felt his insides roll over and then tighten up. It was all wrong; he knew it.
1998 R. Ray Certain Age 66 I felt my stomach roll.
25. intransitive. To move the body or limbs about while laughing; to laugh heartily or uncontrollably. Frequently with about. Cf. to fall about 2b at fall v. Phrasal verbs 1.rolling in the aisles: see aisle n. Phrases 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > laugh in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > laugh convulsively or immoderately
chuckle1598
to split (also break, burst, etc.) one's sides1598
to die with, or of laughing1609
to hold one's sides1609
to laugh till (also until) one cries1611
split1688
to burst one's sides1712
shake1729
to shake one's sides1736
to laugh oneself sick (also silly)1773
roll1819
to laugh one's head off1871
to break up1895
to fall about1918
pee1946
1819 Examiner 25 July 474/1 We fairly rolled with laughter, in common, we believe, with the whole pit.
1862 ‘H. Bell’ Yorks. Tales & Legends 218 Dick laid himself down on the heather, and rolled about laughing until he nearly split his sides.
1908 D. H. Lawrence Let. 1 Sept. (1962) I. 27 I simply roll at the opinions of your friend.
1936 N. Streatfeild Ballet Shoes xii. 186 It made them roll about laughing.
1941 M. Vassiltchikov Diary 3 June in Berlin Diaries 1940–5 (1988) 54 Peter Fleming's Flying Visit, which is being passed from hand to hand and makes us all roll with laughter.
1978 M. Palin Diary 4 Oct. in Diaries 1969–79 (2007) 498 John C takes Reg at a frenetic pitch, which loses all the nuances that had us rolling about in rehearsal.
2000 A. Vlasopolos No Return Addr. vii. 66 She had us rolling on the floor with tales of how the hot and cold plumbing had been switched.
26. intransitive. colloquial. figurative. In progressive tenses: to have plenty of money; to be very wealthy. Cf. to roll in —— 1b at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > be rich [verb (intransitive)] > be very rich
wallowa1400
to roll in ——1573
to stink of (or with) money1877
roll1883
1883 London Society Aug. 183/1 ‘Those wealthy girls?’ ‘The same, ma'am. Rolling in riches; positively rolling, I pledge you my word.’
1905 H. A. Vachell Hill ix. 186 He's going to marry a girl who is simply rolling.
1936 R. Lehmann Weather in Streets iii. 352 I ought to get quite a decent screw—these film people are rolling.
1967 E. Lemarchand Death of Old Girl iii. 31 She was rolling, and insisted on making him a decent allowance.
1996 S. Jackson Caught up in Rapture xiv. 208 Nigga, I don't need your money. Rich is rolling big-time.
27. Film and Television.
a. intransitive. Of a camera or camera operator: to film. Also: to begin filming.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (intransitive)] > start filming
roll1935
1935 Cumberland (Maryland) Sunday Times 7 Apr. 10/2 ‘Start rolling!’ commanded the director of the camera corps.
1938 F. S. Fitzgerald Let. 18 Apr. (1964) 28 It may come right at the crucial point of this picture (due to roll in June, but perhaps not starting till the fifteenth).
1958 Punch 17 Sept. 382/3 I can imagine the whole cast falling about with hysterical laughter the moment the cameras stop rolling.
1971 D. E. Westlake I gave at Office (1972) 178 ‘Okay, Jay,’ Joe finally said, from behind the camera and lights and sound equipment. ‘Let her roll.’
2002 Entertainm. Weekly 22 Feb. 60/2 He'll ‘hire’ a new personal assistant (an unsuspecting mark who has no idea the cameras are rolling).
b. transitive. To start (film equipment) moving; to start (a camera) filming. Frequently in imperative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > signals to cameras [interjection]
cut1937
roll1937
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (transitive)] > set camera in action
roll1937
run1941
1937 Pop. Mech. May 116A/2 After suitable rehearsals of the actors and all is in readiness for filming, the assistant director shouts, ‘Silence, roll 'em!’
1955 Billboard 14 May 9/4 Guild Films began rolling the cameras on production of its newest vidfilm series.
1977 Rolling Stone 21 Apr. 63/6 ‘Roll 'em’! crackled over the radio.
1995 A. Enright Wig my Father Wore 199 Seven seconds. Six. Roll both VTs.
2000 M. Winter This All Happened vii. 165 Thirty-seven crew members waiting for her call to roll camera.
c. intransitive. Of credits: to appear on-screen in sequence, esp. moving steadily from bottom to top. Cf. rolling adj. 11.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [verb (intransitive)] > credits
roll1952
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > be shown [verb (intransitive)] > of credits: appear on screen
roll1952
1952 Catholic World Jan. 305/1 It is doomed almost from the moment that the staggering list of credits rolls on screen.
1988 R. Rayner Los Angeles without Map 47 The last thing the camera shows is fear on her face, and the end credits roll.
2003 Empire May 46/3 His script keeps the focus so lean and tight, it's barely out of breath by the time the credits roll.
d. transitive. To display (credits, titles, etc.) on-screen in sequence, esp. moving steadily from bottom to top. Also occasionally with up.Frequently in imperative, as an instruction in a screenplay (often figurative, as part of an extended metaphor).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [verb (transitive)] > credits
roll1960
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > show [verb (transitive)] > display credits
roll1960
1960 Punch 5 Oct. 491/2 Roll final credits and fade to black.
1972 A. Draper Death Penalty i. 5 The television screen was rolling the football results.
1977 K. O'Hara Ghost of T. Penry xvi. 165 She stood up, imagining the closing shots... Joe said ‘Roll up credits’.
1993 Washington Post (Electronic ed.) 20 July e1 ‘Nobody called. So I went to play in Mexico.’ End of movie. Roll credits. Nobody expected to see him north of the border again.
2002 Time 8 Apr. 90/1 Cue the John Williams music. Roll credits.
V. To travel, slide, or slip.
28. intransitive. To wander, roam; to travel.In quot. 1726: (of air) to move about.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander
wharvec890
woreOE
wandera1000
rengec1230
wagc1325
roamc1330
errc1374
raikc1390
ravec1390
rumblec1400
rollc1405
railc1425
roit1440
waverc1440
rangea1450
rove1481
to-waver1487
vaguea1525
evague1533
rangle1567
to go a-strayinga1586
vagary1598
divagate1599
obambulate1614
vagitate1614
ramble1615
divage1623
pererrate1623
squander1630
peramble1632
rink1710
ratch1801
browse1803
vagrate1807
bum1857
piroot1858
scamander1864
truck1864
bat1867
vagrant1886
float1901
vagulate1918
pissant1945
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 631 Man shal nat suffre his wyf go roule [v.rr. roile; rome] aboute.
1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 37 So this sur-charged soule rowl's here and there, And yet to comfort is no whit the neere.
1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 311 Hee begun to rowle up & down from house to house, & to visit the neighbourhood.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 100/1 A Trumpet if..too big, does not give a clear sound, because the air has room to rowl about in it.
1867 H. Latham Black & White 89 The ‘Johnnies’ who wounded or unwounded came rolling home.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxvii. 284 You have rolled much..what parish in Scotland..has not been filled with your wanderings?
1937 R. K. Narayan Bachelor of Arts xiii. 188 [Visited] lots of places. Rolled about a great deal.
1940 E. Williams Let. 16 Jan. in S. Niederman Quilt of Words (1988) 200 So far, he hasn't any job, and if he comes rolling back to the ranch without one, then will be the time to worry.
2001 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 7 June c1 John Samara rolls home after a day of shining and buffing the shoes of business travelers at the Salt Lake City International Airport.
29. † a. intransitive. To advance smoothly, softly, or easily. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > easily or freely
slidec1374
runc1400
rolla1500
slip1680
lapse1798
shimmer1904
a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 794* (MED) He [sc. a horse] als rekyndly ran, rolland hym vnder, As he þe sadyll had sewyd seuenten wynter.
1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 221 According to the Prouerbe, The tongue rolles there where the teeth aketh.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 582 The poore distressed Panther rouled after him in humble maner.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 115 In fair Calabria's Woods, a Snake is bred..: Waving he rolls, and makes a winding Track. View more context for this quotation
a1771 T. Gray Statius in Mem. (1775) 10 A shining border round the margin roll'd.
1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 185 Rolling after it in many a snaky twine.
b. intransitive. Of the foot: to slip on (also across, upon) a rounded or cylindrical object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk, tread, or step [verb (intransitive)] > miss one's footing > slip > of the foot
slipa1340
slittera1340
slide1340
to-slent14..
shoota1500
roll1878
1878 R. L. Stevenson in Temple Bar 52 55 His foot rolled upon a pebble.
1904 L. Tracy King of Diamonds ix. 123 Philip..almost fell too, for his left foot rolled on the constable's staff.
1950 W. V. T. Clark Watchful Gods 275 His right foot rolled on a loose pebble.
1990 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 9 Nov. c2 I think they were dried bird droppings, like gravel... If your foot rolled on it, it could cause a major injury.
2004 J. B. Cohen Lying Together xix. 157 Suddenly, my blind foot rolled across a loose bottle and slipped out from under me.
30. intransitive. Of liquid, esp. a tear: to flow or run.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)]
runeOE
flowa1000
fledec1175
farea1325
yern1340
fleamc1465
coursea1533
cool1545
roll1697
spend1735
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi. in tr. Virgil Wks. 542 The big Tears run Rolling down his Face.
1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. x. 81 The tears very seasonably rolled over his Bardolphian cheeks.
1792 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (new ed.) ii. v. 153 See the pearly tears rolling off the buds of the expanding Granadilla.
1812 G. Crabbe Tales xx. 364 Like Pluto's iron drop, hard sign of grace, It slowly roll'd upon the rueful face.
1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xii, in Writings I. 124 The big tears that rolled from her upraised eyes.
1904 L. Steffens Shame of Cities 117 The sweat rolled down his face as he bargained with them.
1960 E. James in R. Harvers Golden Age of Blues (2009) 168/2 The sky is crying, look at the tears roll down the street.
1995 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 8 Apr. b3 Rain rolled down the window and coffee cooled in our cups.
2002 J. Goad Shit Magnet v. 54 You're about ten, sad-eyed and sourpussed, with a tear rolling down your cheek.
VI. To coil, wind, or wrap up.
31. † c. intransitive. Scottish. To press newly-carded wool into a roll before spinning. Cf. row v.7 Obsolete. rare.† e. transitive. To bandage (a limb). Obsolete.
a. transitive. To move or wind (something flexible) into a more or less cylindrical or spherical shape; to turn in on itself; to coil, curl, or fold up. Also figurative. Cf. to roll into —— 5 at Phrasal verbs 2, to roll together 1a at Phrasal verbs 1, to roll up 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up
wrapa1375
roll?a1425
wind?1523
to roll together1525
to roll up1530
fold1561
to wind up1590
furdel1594
to fold up1621
uproll1623
furla1657
telescope1844
concertina1891
accordion1897
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > form cylinder [verb (transitive)] > form into roll
roll?a1425
enrol1530
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (transitive)]
writheOE
foldc1330
wrall1398
wreathec1425
enrol1530
twind1548
involve1555
wring1585
invilup1592
rolla1616
entortill1641
convolve1650
coila1691
circumflex1851
serpentine1883
convolute1887
swirl1902
whorl1904
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (transitive)] > coil round (something) > coil (something) round or upon itself
windc1325
wrap?1523
to roll up1530
wreathe1530
upwind1560
twist1582
twinec1585
circumvolute1599
bottom1612
rolla1616
overwhelm1634
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 90 (MED) But ȝif it [sc. the bandage] moste nedelinges be so longe þat it moste ben sewed, alle þe grete parties of þe sewinge moste ben on þe tone side & when þat it schal be rolled, alle þe grete sides moste ben rolled inwarde.
c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville Surgery (Wellcome) f. 165v Take a roller of sotil lynen clooþ a moche brood and rolle it on eiþer side euene to the myddis.
?a1600 King James VI & I Poems (1958) II. 48 Thou glancing lou Haill roundly rold..His praise furth shou.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 228 As the Snake, roll'd in a flowring Banke, With shining checker'd slough. View more context for this quotation
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Ribbonds, however, and Laces, Galloons, and Padua's of all Kinds, are thus roll'd.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Leaf Revolute leaf,..a leaf, the upper part of which rolls itself downward.
1791 ‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsemanship v. 23 The genteelest method of rolling, strapping, and carrying their great coats.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 386 Oval spots underneath the points of the leaf, which are rolled back.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 886 She then begins to roll the fleece from the tail towards the neck.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxxii. 330 ‘I can't speak to that,’ said Mrs. Poyser, in a hard voice, rolling and unrolling her knitting.
1919 Outing Mar. 326/1 (advt.) Maine Trouting Boot. Lightest wading boot made (66 ounces). Comes almost to the waist and when rolled will go in coat pocket.
1978 P. Grace Mutuwhenua iii. 12 The piupiu which had been rolled and sausaged into stockings and stored at the tops of our wardrobes.
2007 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 15 June a1 She rolled bandages for the Red Cross.
b. transitive. With about, around, round. To wind or wrap round an object, a body part, etc. †Also with upon.
ΚΠ
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 241 (MED) Rolle it aboute þer by þe eres in streynynge And lede the vttre ende downeward.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 693/1 Rolle this towayle aboute your legge.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 54 A round Wooden-Rowler or Barrel.., to contain so much of the Girt as shall be rowled upon it.
1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World x. 289 The Women..wear dried Thongs of the Sheeps Skins, rouled round their Legs.
1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xi. 254 Bake them on a Stove Fire, as they are baked roll them round a Stick like a Spiggard, as soon as they are cold they will be very crisp.
1823 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 9) I. v. 196 A copper wire, by being rolled round a solid rod, was twisted into a spiral so as to form a helix.
1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 82 Then would I cry to thee To..roll thy tender arms Round him.
1933 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 4 Nov. 15/7 Monkey, a handle made by putting a strap between two dees on a saddle and rolling it round itself.
1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) iv. 416 Roll a narrow strip of clean glazed paper around the quill-tubing originally used for drying the tube.
2001 Austral. Gourmet Traveller Aug. 54/2 Slices of excellent rotisseried pheasant breast are..rolled around a light, herby farce.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > take curved three-dimensional shape [verb (intransitive)]
rolla1550
a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) xli. l. 731 His vse wes mare to roll and spyne [a1530 Royal wytht rok to spyne] Than thai landis to corne to wyne.
d. transitive. To form (a cut of meat) into a boneless roll, often with a filling, before cooking. Cf. roll n.1 6a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > dress animals for food [verb (transitive)] > dress in specific way
hash1615
to farce together1650
fricassee1657
collarc1670
britten1688
roll1702
ragout1710
French1747
turtlea1756
fricandeau1769
haricot1769
surprise1769
1702 J. K. tr. F. Massialot Court & Country Cook 63 A side dish of Beef-stakes rolled.
1723 R. Smith Court Cookery i. 85 To Roll a Rump of Beef. Bone it, make a Slit the whole Length of the Beef, and spread it as much as you can;..lay Forc'd-Meat all over it;..then roll it up, and bind it fast at both Ends.
1814 M. E. K. Rundell New Syst. Domest. Cookery 88 To roll Loin of Mutton.
1861 R. K. Philp Family Save-all (ed. 2) 3 In trimming, boning, and rolling joints of Beef, there are very often loose bits cut off.
1962 Agric. Gaz. New South Wales June 329/1 The thin skirt may also be used as filling when rolling the brisket.
2003 New Statesman 7 Apr. 7/3 Where is the butcher who will cut and roll the meat in front of you, and leave his beef well marbled with fat?
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by topical applications > treat by topical applications [verb (transitive)] > bandage
bindc1175
scarf1601
fast1618
band1700
roll1746
fetter1756
bandage1774
to strap up1843
1746 S. Mihles Elements Surg. 177 The Flesh and Skin saved are gradually brought over it by rolling the Limb, but not so tight as to give uneasiness.
1823 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. & Surg. 12 425 The treatment consists in rolling the arm from the elbow to the shoulder.
1859 Dublin Q. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 27 36 Rolled the leg from above down, to prevent, if possible, retraction of tendons.
1894 Atlanta Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 6 298 He never used the round elastic Esmarchs bandage, and now never rolled the limb from the extremity to the point above amputation.
f. transitive. Chiefly with up: to open (a blind or shade, esp. a roller blind). With down: to close (a blind or shade). Also intransitive (of a blind or shade): to have the capacity to be opened and closed by means of a roller.
ΚΠ
1869 Student & Intellectual Observer 2 396 A very short screw is sufficient to cause enough revolutions of the roller to roll up the blind.
1899 H. Caine Manxman iii. 218 Grannie rolled the blind, saying, ‘A beautiful morning you'll have for it.’
1920 E. Ferber Half Portions ix. 290 The Scaritt's window-shades always rolled;..their suction-pump never stuck.
1948 G. H. Baker & B. Funaro Windows in Mod. Archit. 29 The operating cord which rolls the shade up and down also controls the turning of the slats.
1956 M. C. Harriman Blessed are Debonair iii. 69 Father would roll down the blind so that he couldn't see anything ahead of him.
1994 Denver Post 2 Jan. a12 (advt.) There never has been a window covering like it before. Rolls like a shade. Louvers like a blind.
2001 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 28 Apr. h6 I rolled up the blind and watched the countryside unfold.
g. transitive. Australian. To pack (one's swag) in preparation for departure. Also (esp. in early use) intransitive with up.
ΚΠ
1872 G. S. Baden-Powell New Homes for Old Country 124 In the morning one of them starts the flock, leaving his mates to ‘roll up’ and follow.
1892 Truth 15 May 6/5 So, yer want me to tell yer a yarn, lads, Before I roll Bluey and go?
1904 L. M. P. Archer Bush Honeymoon 9 My father'd tell him to roll-up and take his cheque.
1968 S. Gore Holy Smoke 27 What's wrong with rolling me bluey, making tracks for home?
2008 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 24 Aug. 51 Because we are a caring society, people no longer have to roll their swags or pack up the kids and chase a buck.
h. intransitive. To form into a coil or roll. Cf. earlier to roll together 1 at Phrasal verbs 1, to roll up 3c at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > fold or roll up
furl1676
uproll1805
telescope1866
roll1901
fold1914
concertina1918
accordion1943
1901 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 337/2 There are stoppages..when the net has ‘rolled’—but a net well shot..scarcely has a twist in it.
1959 A. Beaumont Dis. Farm Crops i. 17 In leaf roll the margins of the leaves roll inwards.
1992 D. F. Crow Glastonbury ii. vi. 213 He let the scroll roll closed.
32. transitive. To wrap; to envelop in (also into, with) a flexible material. Also with about. Also figurative. Cf. to roll up 1 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)]
bewindOE
writheOE
windc1175
bewrap?c1225
lapa1300
umbelaya1300
umbeweave1338
wlappec1380
enwrapa1382
wrapa1382
inlap1382
envelop1386
forwrapc1386
hapc1390
umbeclapa1400
umbethonrea1400
umblaya1400
wapc1420
biwlappea1425
revolve?a1425
to roll up?a1425
roll?c1425
to roll ina1475
wimple1513
to wind up?1533
invest1548
circumvolve1607
awrap1609
weave1620
sheet1621
obvolve1623
embowdle1625
amict1657
wry1674
woold1775
overwrap1815
wrapper1885
wrapper1905
weve-
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 473 The eere is first to be smekede..with a pype..and a potte wiþ a strayte mouthe..in þe whiche Galien..commaundeth to putte þe vryn of an oxe..And rolle þe pype of the stewe al aboute wiþ wolle or with cloþe þat it hurte noght þe ere.
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 311 To Rolle, vbi to falde or to lappe.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 693/1 His arme was rolled aboute with grene sarcenet.
1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 10 Comming out of the water, she rowleth hir selfe into a yellow cloth of 14 braces long.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage viii. vi. 639 Their Kings; whose bodies are..lapped in white skinnes, and rowled in mats.
a1680 R. Edwards Commonplace Bk. (National Libr. Scotl.) f. 41v Shoe rouid it in hir aprone.
1721 A. Ramsay Morning Interview 88 The nymph..rolls her gentle limbs in morning-gown.
1787 J. Pearson in Med. Communications 2 136 The belly was rolled as usual.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 126 What time the foeman's line is broke, And all the war is roll'd in smoke.
1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth lxiv Gerard rolled himself in the bed-clothes.
1866 Med. Times & Gaz. 22 Sept. 309/2 With regard to the joint, rub in some blue ointment and extract of opium,..and roll it firmly with a flannel bandage.
1903 Sunset Mag. June 169/1 We were very anxious to try the hammock, and so we rolled the baby into a little comforter and tucked him securely into his new nest.
1963 Amer. Zoologist 3 534/1 Goldfish..were..anaesthetized with 1% urethane. They were then rolled in gauze and held immobile in a plastic tray.
2002 B. Koch In, around, through & Out xi. 181 Apparently my father rolled me in a blanket, stripped me, and..expertly scraped off as many of the stings as he could.
33. transitive. To wrap paper or another material tightly round (loose tobacco or marijuana) in order to make a cigarette; to make (a cigarette) in this way. Cf. to roll one's own at Phrases 8.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > use as material for smoking [verb (transitive)] > make cigarettes
roll1845
to roll one's own1900
1845 G. T. Fisher Smoking & Smokers v. 40 A pinch of Maryland [tobacco] is placed within a square slip of paper, and rolled within its fragile envelope; the light is applied, and nothing is left to be done but to smoke.
1855 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. i. 6 He was now rolling his tobacco into cigarettes, by the aid of little squares of paper.
1892 H. G. Parker Pierre & his People 128 He slowly rolled a cigarette.
1903 A. Bennett Leonora iii. 69 He had extraordinary aptitudes for drawing corks..and rolling cigarettes.
1975 R. L. Simon Wild Turkey (1976) xx. 149 I..took out some papers and started to roll a joint.
1977 Family Radio & TV 23 Jan. 19 Cigarettes are an extravagance..so they buy cheap pipe-tobacco and roll it in newspaper to make skyfs.
1994 Q. Tarantino & R. Avary Pulp Fiction ii. 54 Mia What are you doing? Vincent Rollin' a smoke. Mia Here? Vincent It's just tobacco. Mia Oh. Well in that case, will you roll me one, cowboy?
VII. To move or convey on wheels or rollers, and related senses.
34.
a. transitive. To move (a heavy object) using rollers.
ΚΠ
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 521 Welwyn, or rollyn al thyngys þat may not be borne, volvo.
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 116 Þe hors was sette vpon whelis, þat rollid it forth to þe temple.
1554–5 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 234 For four greit treis to row the cannoun witht.
1615 in H. M. Paton Accts. Masters of Wks. (1957) I. 363 To the men that rollit thame [sc. the cannon stocks].
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck at Rol Rolers wherewith a ship is Roled into the water, or into a haven.
1760 J. Ferguson Lect. Select Subj. iii. 65 Therefore, a weight may be rolled up this inclined plane with a third part of the power which would be sufficient to draw it up by the side of an upright wall.
1839 J. Abbot Rollo's Corr. (1841) 54 I..meant to put the roller under the stone, and so roll it up the skids.
1857 Newton's London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 6 18 The lateral bars roll between the posts on rollers.
1910 Automobile 16 June 1099/2 The same peoples built sledges and rolled them on logs.
1984 A. K. Dewdney Planiverse iii. 63 One by one the boats were rolled up on the firm sand.
2001 K. Pelta Rediscovering Easter Island viii. 93 A last-minute switch from rolling the rig on wood rollers to sliding it on wood rails.
b. transitive. To convey (a person or thing) in or on a wheeled vehicle.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > by wheeled vehicle
roll?a1505
harlc1600
wheel1601
trundle1773
bowla1822
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > convey on rollers
roll?a1505
a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 217 in Poems (1981) 118 The feird..rollis Phebus doun into the sey.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. iv. l. 10 Nixt quham furth rollyt was Prynce Turnus bald Within a twa quhelyt chariot of delyte.
1769 P. Fea Diary 8 Feb. (1997) 191 My men in the Ware at Halksness & rowing the Tang.
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 146 Room to roll back the broken deads in a wheel-barrow.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xxi The gig is round the corner, and the little black mare will roll us over in no time.
1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums ii. 11 He'll be to row the minister's luggage to the post-cart.
1938 D. C. Peattie Prairie Grove xxiii. 161 The wagon wheels rolled them west.
1970 Financial Times 23 Mar. 9/8 At site, the transformers will be rolled-off on to a jetty built to serve the station.
2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) ix. 198 At the hospital, Nimmer was placed on a gurney and rolled into the emergency room.
35.
a. transitive. To drive, push, or draw (something running on wheels, esp. a vehicle).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a wheeled vehicle
rolla1522
hurl1737
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. ix. l. 115 By horssis four furth rollit was his char.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. xii. l. 102 As the dirk nycht Rollyt hys cart ourthourt the polys bricht.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xlvi. 9 Get you to horse backe, roll forth ye Charettes.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 336 Al-readie all rowle-on their steely Carres On th' euer-shaking..barres Of Stigian Bridge.
1785 Gen. Evening Post 9 July Intimating that Italian squallers rolled their carriages on English guineas.
1843 W. M. Thackeray Haggarty's Wife in Wks. (1898) IV. 499 Isn't he the most famous physician in Dublin, and doesn't he rowl his carriage there?
1847 F. S. Edwards Campaign in New Mexico 104 They rolled their wagons into camp without delay.
1918 Virginia Law Reg. 4 265 Mr. Hunter could have rolled the car south and off the track but for the undue elevation of the south rail.
1954 G. Vidal Messiah iv. iii. 91 His secretary rolled a portable bar towards us.
1971 Sci. Amer. Sept. 87/3 (advt.) Or vehicles that can be rolled on and off over almost 3½ miles of single-lane ‘high-way’.
2001 G. D. Gold Carter beats Devil (2002) i. vii. 80 A great cage was rolled onstage, and in it an agitated, pacing young lion.
b. transitive. To push (a cycle or motorcycle).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > cycling > cycle [verb (transitive)] > wheel a cycle
roll1879
1879 C. E. Pratt Amer. Bicycler vi. 97 To roll it,..take the handle with the left hand, and place the right hand on the spring below the saddle or on the perch near the spring, and push with the right hand.
1894 Outing 24 291/1 He carried a lantern and I rolled the wheel over a fair road and a large dike.
1910 C. de Pratz Educ. Jacqueline ix. 154 Jerome..accompanied them, rolling his bicycle along as he walked.
1962 Amer. Motorcyclist May 18/3 I rolled it off the trailer, and washed it. And then to the races.
2008 Lancaster (Pa.) New Era (Nexis) 17 Nov. The 7-year-old rolls his bike with his left hand, while he guides his great-grandmother with his right.
36.
a. intransitive. To ride or travel in a wheeled vehicle.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > riding in a vehicle > ride in a vehicle [verb (intransitive)] > ride in a wheeled vehicle
rolla1522
wheel1721
bowl1759
hurl1795
trundle1841
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. v. l. 3 The moyn intill hyr..cart of nycht Held rollyng throw the hewynnys myddil ward.
1763 London Evening-post 6 Aug. People of fortune that are rolling in carriages, or on horseback almost every day.
1775 W. Mason Gray's Ode Vicissitude in Poems 80 Mark where Indolence, and Pride..Go, softly rolling, side by side, Their dull, but daily round.
1780 Festival of Momus 175 For Nelly and I, why we keeps a gig, And roll so grand, so flash and big.
1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 106 Providence has appointed few to roll in carriages.
1855 C. Kingsley Glaucus 1 You are going down by railway,..and as you roll along [etc.].
1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 166 In the twinkle of an eye we were rolling in the electric to Willis's.
1968 V. Nabokov King, Queen, Knave ix. 172 Toward him..came a slender bob-haired lady..and a boy of four or five in a blue sailor suit rolling beside her on a tricycle.
1993 ‘Snoop Doggy Dogg’ Gin & Juice (song) in J. Chang Can't stop, won't Stop (2005) xviii. 421 Rollin down the street smokin indo Sippin on gin and juice.
b. intransitive. Of a vehicle, piece of furniture, agricultural or industrial machine, etc.: to move or run on wheels. Also of a driver: to start a wheeled vehicle moving. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > move or go along [verb (intransitive)] > go along on wheels
runc1350
roll1655
wheel1721
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > move or go along [verb (intransitive)] > roll
roll1655
1655 A. Symson Wilson's Compl. Christian Dict. (rev. ed.) at Cart An instrument with wheels..it rolleth or turneth upon wheels.
a1721 M. Prior Down-Hall (1723) 5 Into an old Inn did this Equipage roll, At a Town they call Hodsdon.
1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane i. 23 Might not the plough, that rolls on rapid wheels, Save no small labour to the hoe-arm'd gang?
1769 A. Machay Pasquin I. xi. 220 They mounted a ready car, and rolled onwards.
1803 J. G. Lemaistre Rough Sketch Mod. Paris iii. 49 No carriage was allowed to roll that evening.
1838 H. E. Lloyd tr. G. F. Waagen Wks. of Art & Artists in Eng. III. xxx. 330 Elegant steps rolling on castors.
1843 G. W. Le Fevre Life Trav. Physician III. ii. x. 4 Carriages..roll round and round, till they have been fully seen by the public.
1860 W. M. Thackeray Thorns in Cushion in Roundabout Papers The carriages of the nobility and guests roll back to the West.
1909 Z. Grey Short-stop ix. 156 As the bus rolled out of the grounds Chase saw a long lane lined with small boys.
1956 Life 2 Apr. 113/1 (advt.) The finest [vacuum] cleaner that rolls on wheels!
1959 I. Jefferies Thirteen Days viii. 108 I..waved the drivers on. As they rolled I gave them one last treat..by taking my hat off.
1965 New Statesman 14 May 753/1 The private train is ready to roll.
1977 Observer 3 Apr. 11/3 The PanAm captain then shouted: ‘The bastard's not been given permission to roll. We're on the runway. We're on the runway.’
1996 Independent 13 Mar. 1/1 The ultimate domestic appliance is about to come rolling across the manicured lawns of the idle rich: a lawnmower that cuts the grass by itself.
c. intransitive. Chiefly literary and poetic. To move or be transported on flowing water. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > move in or on water [verb (intransitive)] > be carried (away) by current or tide
fleetc897
to-fleeta1122
wash1623
roll1665
tide1896
1665 W. Smith Ingratitude Reveng'd 3 Two unfixed Towns, or floating Woods, Or Islands rolling on the curled Floods.
1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 307 They rowl'd on a flood of wealth.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 61 When..cakes of rustling Ice come rolling down the Flood. View more context for this quotation
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. v. 469 Planks, Beams, dis-parted fly: the scatter'd wood Rolls diverse, and in fragments strows the flood.
1744 Verses Printer's Boy (broadside, Philadelphia) In flowing Verse I'd roll along, and shew my Gratitude in Song.
1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. x. 224 Rolling along the tide of fluent thought.
1861 H. E. Dennehy Church of First Three Cent. i. ii. 14 But the Romans,—rude conquerors! were rolling on the tide of victory and empire towards the East.
1907 ‘H. Strang’ On Spanish Main xxv. 356 Look at the trees here rolling down upon the flood.
1992 H. Eyoh in C. Poster & J. Zimmer Community Educ. Third World ii. 35 When the moment came, we once again realised that we would have to roll on the tide of the village rhythms.
d. intransitive. To taxi in an aircraft. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > travel along ground
roll1910
taxi1911
1910 Flight 24 Sept. 776/1 Messrs B. H. Barrington Kennett.., A. Aitken, and St. Croix Johnstone..are ‘rolling’ whenever the weather is suitable.
1915 R. Kipling Diversity of Creatures (1917) 423 Wynn..had finished ‘rolling’..and had gone on from a ‘taxi’ to a machine more or less his own.
1961 C. B. Smith Testing Time iii. 48 It was still quite an event to leave the ground, and many would-be fliers spent their whole time ‘rolling’ (as taxying was then called).
e. intransitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To move, start moving, get going; to take action. Frequently in let's roll.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)] > start moving
roll1931
1931 J. Held Flesh is Weak 229 All right, grandma, it's too nice a night to battle, let's roll. Where do you want to go?
1944 L. Lariar Man with Lumpy Nose viii. 75 ‘Do me a favor and go home and write it!’ McEmons stood over the reporter menacingly. ‘Get rolling!’ The reporter shuffled out of the room.
1953 S. Kauffmann Philanderer iv. 61 ‘Let's roll, dreamer’, said Perry.
1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest i. 55 To help get the atomic program rolling.
1970 W. Smith Gold Mine xii. 31 Wake up. Time to roll.
2001 N.Y. Times 16 Nov. b9/5 Passengers apparently struggled with the hijackers as one passenger, Todd Beamer, announced into a cellphone, ‘Let's roll’.
f. intransitive. U.S. slang (originally in the language of rap and hip-hop). To act, behave (in a certain way). Frequently in that's how (also the way) I (we, etc.) roll.
ΚΠ
1991 ‘Hammer’ & F. Pilate (song title) This is the way we roll.
1997 A. Morris et al. Been around World (song, perf. ‘Puff Daddy’) in Hip-hop & Rap (2003) 15 Rock tons of gold, 'nuff money I fold, Roll the way you wanna roll.
2006 Wired Oct. 186/3 (chart) The clothing-optional club Med of cybersex is a great place to try out a new genitalia in private rooms (or in public, if that's how you roll).
2009 R. M. Ahmose Heavy Tales Rising 92 That's how I ‘roll’. Let's all, goddamn-it, live for to-day!
VIII. Senses relating to speech and sound.
37.
a. intransitive. Of a sound: to reverberate, re-echo. Now frequently of thunder, gunfire, etc.: to resound with a prolonged deep reverberating sound. Also in extended use. Cf. roll n.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)]
singc897
shillc1000
warblea1400
resoundc1425
dun1440
reird1508
rolla1522
rerea1525
peal1593
diapason1608
choir1838
alarm1839
to raise (also lift) the roof1845
whang1854
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo
aqueathOE
again-sounda1382
replya1393
answera1425
rolla1522
rebellow1590
re-echo1590
redouble1595
surrebound?1611
speaka1616
rethunder1716
reverb1796
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [verb (intransitive)] > roll or rumble
gothelec1290
gurlc1380
bubblea1398
wharc1400
rumblec1450
rolla1522
lumber?1527
jumble1530
thumble1584
humble1617
grumblea1625
strumble1645
growl1744
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. iii. l. 89 Endlang the costis the vocis and the sowndis Rollys inclusyt, quhill the mekyll hyllys Bemys agane.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 55 Loud it groanes and grumbles, It roules and roares, and round..it rumbles.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 666 They set..the Thunder when to rowle With terror through the dark Aereal Hall. View more context for this quotation
1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad vii. 202 Then, bellowing deep, the thunder's awful sound..Far to the east it roll'd, a length of sky.
1797 R. Southey Joan of Arc vi Deep through the sky the hollow thunders roll'd.
1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 11 O'er my calm Hall of Coral The deep echo roll'd.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Morte d'Arthur in Poems (new ed.) II. 4 So all day long the noise of battle roll'd.
1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lvi. 563 The organ rumbled and rolled as if the church had got the colic.
1869 J. E. Cooke Mohun v. xvi. 458 Cannon glared, shellcrashed, musketry rolled in long fusillade.
1961 A. Sillitoe Key to Door (1962) iv. 57 The dark kitchen was lit up, and immediately a thousand guns of thunder rolled over the house.
1987 T. Waits Way down in Hole (song) in Tom Waits (2005) 87 We'll all be safe from Satan When the thunder rolls Just gotta help me keep the devil Way down in the hole.
2007 Washington Post (Nexis) 8 July d1 As the former vice president spoke from the stage for the third time, a roar rolled through the stadium.
b. transitive. To utter (words or sounds) in a rich, deep tone. Also: to produce (a prolonged deep reverberating peal). Now usually with out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > say in other sort of manner
rifta1400
abraida1500
rumblec1520
mince1549
roll1561
slaver1599
troll1631
yawn1718
buzz1763
gurgle1805
namby-pamby1812
sibilate1837
ripple1890
nicker1929
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer i. sig. E.iv Yf in singing he roule out but a playne note.
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall 16 A Preacher, if his conceipt be any thing swift, that he can rolle it in the pulpit, must haue his reader at his elbow, to fauor his voice.
1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 289 To seek to be Admired by the ignorant Vulgar, by rowling as it were some words, and reciting with an extraordinary swiftness.
1771 T. Scott Bk. of Job xv. 102 A line of worthies, in succession long, With faithful voice roll'd down th'immortal song.
1814 R. Southey Carmen Triumph. xvi The happy bells, from every town and tower, Roll their glad peals upon the joyful wind.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xvii. 152 Pen,..who was a very excitable person, rolled out these verses in his rich sweet voice, which trembled with emotion.
1870 F. E. Trollope Veronica ix. 101 An effective speech, rolled out in his richest tones.
1900 R. Barr Unchanging East ii. 46 The way that he would sonorously roll out the words ‘Staaarrrbrd, sir!’ might have been a lesson in elocution to the greatest actor living.
1963 J. Careless Brown of Globe II. v. 158 There was much more said.., while thunder rolled a deep accompaniment outside.
2000 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 8 Aug. b6 This was no oleaginous Everett Dirksen rolling out oratory, or a Dale Bumpers letting loose one of his partisan stemwinders.
c. intransitive. Of speech or writing: to flow. See also to roll on 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > be spoken or flow (of words)
move1508
to pass the lips (also mouth)1526
come1582
roll1599
distil1610
to come out1653
mouth1762
utter1792
on-flow1863
1599 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Miracle of Peace in Fraunce sig. B Then roule thou Torrent of my tender verse.
1693 H. Higden Wary Widdow ii. 17 That torrent of discourse that us'd to roule so volubly from his Tongue, without sence or Consideration, has now left him.
1746 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Satires i. iv. 63 And as his Verses, like a Torrent, roll, The stream is muddy.
a1764 R. Lloyd Dialogue in Poet. Wks. (1774) II. 15 A Poet only in his prose, Which rolls luxuriant, rich, and chaste.
1852 W. C. Bennett Verdicts 56 Fletcher's..own spells Bewitch you; fair Milton's young verse rolls and swells Around you.
1898 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 385/1 His words in the poetic passages roll forth with an epic grandeur all his own.
1972 F. A. Schaeffer True Spirituality ii. 35 These words roll down through the centuries in prophecy.
2004 W. Barnstone We Jews & Blacks v. 111 A stout mayor from Marseilles, whose French rolled eloquently from his lips as if he were speaking Italian.
d. intransitive. Of a sound, the voice, etc.: to flow in deep or mellow tones.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > pleasantness of sound > sound pleasantly [verb (intransitive)] > sound mellow
melt1713
rolla1750
a1750 A. Hill Wks. (1753) III. 140 Kindly suppress'd, your voice rolls soft, within.
1777 R. Potter tr. Æschylus Persians in tr. Æschylus Tragedies 512 Yes, at thy royal bidding shall the strain Pour the deep sorrows of my soul; The suff'rings of my bleeding country plain, And bid the mournfull measures roll.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. vii. 159 The long prolonged notes..rolled on amongst its arches with the pleasing yet solemn sound of the rushing of mighty waters.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxv. 244 She..sate there silent as the songs rolled by.
1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret II. x. 206 The music still rolled on. The organist had wandered into a melody of Mendelssohn's.
1938 E. Goudge Towers in Mist (1998) vi. 134 His fine, sonorous voice rolling over them in a perfect tornado of chastisement.
1965 Ebony Apr. 127/1 Meanwhile, the soothing Cole voice rolled on.
2004 Music Mag. (Nexis) 1 Apr. 77 The opening track..is impeccably played, but as its Grappelli-like phrases rolled by, I longed for the more relaxed phrasing of the great jazz player.
38. † b. intransitive. Of a songbird: to sound a note with a trill. Cf. roll n.2 4b. Obsolete. rare.
a. transitive. To pronounce (a consonant, esp. an r) with a vibration of the tongue or vocal cords. Also occasionally with out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (transitive)] > trill
roll1846
trill1848
1846 O. W. Holmes Rhymed Lesson in Poet. Wks. (1895) 50 Don't, like a lecturer or dramatic star, Try over-hard to roll the British R.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxviii. 267 Rolling out his r with Gascon force.
1895 Irish Monthly Mar. 156 They roll the r where it ought to be silent.
1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. v. 244 He gave the r a foreign, palatal sound, not rolled, but pronounced with a single impact of the tongue against the upper front teeth.
1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics iii. 68 The case of the actor who ‘rolls’ his r's on the stage but uses the ‘throaty’ pronunciation elsewhere.
1991 I. Grimes in A. Blyth Choral Music on Rec. 105 Kim Borg..rolls his consonants with great aplomb.
2002 National Geographic Sept. 95/2 [They] are known throughout Turkey as pastry cooks, for the way they don't roll their r's when they speak.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > sing
singOE
chant?a1500
record1590
firdon16..
warble1606
jerk1768
tootle1820
roll1886
1886 Appletons' Ann. Cycl. 1885 87 The nightingale is one of the very few birds that share to some degree the faculty of rolling at any pitch of the voice uninterruptedly.
IX. To move with an undulating motion, and related senses.
39.
a. intransitive. Of waves or a body of water: to move or flow with an undulating motion. Also transitive (reflexive).In quot. 1610: to become fluid; to liquefy, melt.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > move restlessly about [verb (intransitive)] > run high, surge, or heave
flash1387
lifta1400
walterc1400
waverc1425
welter1489
jaw1513
roll?1532
surge1566
billow1596
to run high1598
estuate1658
to run steep1894
roil1913
?1532 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus De Contemptu Mundi sig. E.ivv And so all we in maner of a swyfte ryuer rolle into the Occyan.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Volutus A waue rollynge towarde the bankes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N2v Through midst thereof a little riuer rold.
1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 4 If her clowdie browe but once growe foule, The flints doe melt, and rocks to water rowle.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 107 Rolling from afar, The spumy Waves proclaim the watry War. View more context for this quotation
1704 The Sequel xxxv So Swelling Billows, when the Tempest cease, Foaming a while, they rowl themselves to peace.
a1720 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iii. 205 Presently a Wave came rolling.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 145 The waters of the deep shall rise, And..Shall roll themselves ashore.
1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 75 In mony a torrent down the snaw-broo rowes.
1814 W. Scott Diary 5 Sept. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. viii. 271 The other, called Down Kerry, is a sea-cave,..a high arch, up which the sea rolls.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xvi. 157 How steadily it [sc. the river] rolled away to meet the sea.
1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. Prol. 13 Half a mile of yellow sandy beach on which the waves rolled with dull roar.
1918 M. G. MacGill Anzac's Bride 19 They sat silent on the grey stone wall listening to the eternal wash of the waves as the tide rolled in.
1942 Lowell (Mass.) Sun & Citizen-Leader 1 May 16/1 The river rolled lazily on April Sundays and the promenading couples filled the avenues.
1967 Times 27 May viii/2 I had a feeling of helplessness before the power of the waves rolling down on top of me.
2000 National Geographic Adventure Mar.–Apr. 52/1 Monstrous sea swells reaching heights of 30 to 50 feet roll toward the coast.
b. transitive. To cause to move or flow with an undulating motion. Also: (of a river) to run (its course) with an undulating motion. Also figurative and with down.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > cause to flow [verb (transitive)]
roll1566
drive1569
pour1665
run1791
flow1885
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flow [verb (reflexive)]
roll1566
1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon iii. i. sig. D.viiv A sturdye blast along the seas doth swepe. That rowles, & tumbles waue on waue, a northern tempest stronge.
1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hercules Oetæus i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 191 Both Scylla, and Charibdis gulfe no daunger like it haue, That raging roll on Sicill shore by heapes the wrastling waue.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xii. lxiii. 225 As Egeans seas when stormes be calm'd againe, That roll'd their tumbling waues with troublous blasts, Do yet of tempests past some shewes retaine.
1656 A. Cowley Praise of Pindar in Pindaric Odes ii So Pindar does new Words and Figures roul Down his impetuous Dithyrambique Tide.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 583 Farr off from these..Lethe the River of Oblivion roules Her watrie Labyrinth. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 112 Where proud Ister rouls his yellow Sand. View more context for this quotation
1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 229 Where.., fring'd with Roses Tenglio rolls his Stream, They draw the copious Fry.
1792 W. Scott Let. 10 Sept. (1932) I. 22 The river rolls its waves below me of a turbid blood colour.
1802 Edinb. Rev. 1 208 A river rolls down materials from every part of its channel.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Dream Fair Women lv–lvi, in Poems (new ed.) 136 Hearing the holy organ rolling waves Of sound on roof and floor Within.
1841 E. S. Wortley Maiden of Moscow viii. xvii. 311 Sweep their whole Army's gathered force Back on their Right without resource!—Even where yon river rolls its course!
1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 110 Mother-Age..help me as when life begun: Rift the hills, and roll the waters.
1901 Daily Express 21 Mar. 5/6 Thames rolls the highest tide for two years.
1971 B. Tejani Day after Tomorrow xi. 73 There was no wind... Only the merry gurgle of water as it [sc. the stream] rolled its way through the rocks disappearing into the thick undergrowth.
2007 B. Breytenbach Windcatcher 146 The endless river rolls its waves hour upon hour But cannot bring to heel the moon.
c. intransitive. figurative. Of an immaterial thing: to move forward steadily and (often) inexorably.
ΚΠ
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H3v Deepe woes rowle forward like a gentle flood. View more context for this quotation
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. v. sig. E2v Thy tide of vengeance rowleth in.
1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses ii. 17 Destruction is rouling toward ye.
1757 T. Gray Ode I i. i, in Odes 5 The rich stream of music..rowling down the steep amain.
1770 W. Hodson Ded. Temple of Solomon 4 The Battle roll'd against his Side.
1852 M. Arnold Progress viii. 30 Bright else, and fast, the stream of life may roll.
1857 M. T. Richards Life in Israel i. ix. 128 Onward, after his departing footsteps, rolled wave after wave of farewells and blessings.
1895 W. C. Scully Kafir Stories 50 The repression which he had to exercise..caused tidal waves of passion to roll back on his soul, fraught with destruction to himself and to others.
1958 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples IV. xi. vi. 213 The frontiers of the Confederacy rolled southwards in another long lap.
1972 G. Friel Mr. Alfred M. A. xxvii. 179 Squad cars and a dog-van bowled along and closed in as the battle rolled along Victoria Road and into Calder Street.
2008 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 15 Oct. a7 A tide of Tory blue rolled across the Prairies last night as the Conservatives looked poised to maintain ownership of energy-rich Alberta.
40.
a. intransitive. Of fire: (originally) †to move from side to side with an undulating motion (obsolete); (now) to move steadily in a particular direction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (intransitive)] > undulate
roll1565
billow1628
undulate1664
wave1667
pother1817
boil1882
1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) xi. sig. PPvi Fiers that flaming be. Which though it rolle continually. Yet kepes it styl one place.
1598 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Colonies 34 The priest of Memphis knew the nature of the soule, And straightly marked how the heau'nly flames do roule.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §31 As if Flame..would rowl and turn as well as move upwards.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 182 Fire must..wheel on th' Earth, devouring where it rouls . View more context for this quotation
1795 W. Blake Bk. of Los i Round the flames roll,..mounting on high Into Vacuum, into nonentity, Where nothing was.
1839 Fraser's Mag. 20 63 The billows of fire rolling boomingly past.
1857 J. G. Holland Bay-path xxvi. 334 I..drew the old charge, and snapped it two or three times, to let the children see the fire roll.
1915 G. Martin Mod. Chem. & its Wonders ix. 204 The fire rolled silently forward hardly faster than a man could run.
1996 L. Erdrich Tales of Burning Love 112 Behind him, fire rolling through his toolroom and his workshop, he heard an odd popping sound he knew at once and mourned.
b. transitive. To cause (smoke, clouds, etc.) to move gently in rolls or whorls. Also: to cause (fire) to move in a particular direction.In quot. 1568 in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [verb (transitive)] > emit as fumes or vapour > cause to rise up as vapour > cause to rise in rolls
roll1743
1568 T. Drant tr. Gregory of Nazianzus Epigr. & Sentences sig. C.viiiv Now Lust before our eyes A clottered cloude hath rould, And in vs Christian lyfe Hath caught a crasie could.
1743 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Odes (new ed.) I. i. i. 5 In clouds th' Olympic dust to roll, To turn with kindling wheels the goal.
1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 368 For clouds on the blue air, with shadowy skim, Were rolling their faint billows.
1840 N. Hawthorne Biogr. Sketches (1879) 173 The hearth..heaped with logs that roll their blaze and smoke up a chimney.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 144 Fierce fire by the wind to the rafters is rolled.
1933 C. S. Lewis Pilgrim's Regress x. vii. 245 Cloud is rolled Always above yet no rain falls to ground.
2001 J. Grieve They're only Human vi. 95 The breeze was rolling the smoke slowly up the hill and right over the house.
c. intransitive. Of smoke, clouds, etc.: to move gently in a particular direction, usually in rolls or whorls.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > move in the air [verb (intransitive)] > gently
roll1614
fan1622
waft1664
fluff1888
1614 T. Godwin Romanæ Historiæ Anthologia 45 When the sacrifice was, to be burned, they considered..whether the smoake rolled, and tumbled in the aire.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 57 So spake the Sovran voice, and Clouds began To darken all the Hill, and smoak to rowl In duskie wreathes. View more context for this quotation
1728 D. Mallet Excursion i. 42 With black Eruption, in foul Storm, A Night of Smoke..Rolls forth.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 54 The dark mists were seen to roll off to the west.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xii. 118 It..followed the example of the smoke in the Arabian story, as to roll out in a thick cloud.
1858 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 21 The fog rolled slowly upward.
1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland xii. 210 Vast clouds of steam..roll in heavy whorls before the wind.
1926 L. H. Nason Chevrons (1927) x. 305 A long drag and a cloud of smoke rolled out into the aisle.
1974 L. Deighton Spy Story i. 11 A flurry of sea mist that rolled in upon us.
1990 H. Thurston Tidal Life 146/3 The next day, the winds died down, the fogs rolled out, and I went with him to bug for pollack.
d. intransitive. Of long hair: to hang down loose. Also with back, down.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > be in a style (of hair) [verb (intransitive)] > hang loose
wave1671
roll1772
1772 W. Jones Poems 40 His locks in ringlets o'er his shoulders roll'd.
1787 J. Barlow Vision of Columbus ii. 48 Her raven-locks roll on her heaving breast, And wave luxuriant round her slender waist.
1834 J. W. Ord England II. Introd. 7 Come forth, O Spring, thy bright hair rolling free.
1897 Arena June 1080 And down about her..Her torrent tresses rolled. All beautiful she stood, clad only in..falling hair.
1931 R. Benedict Tales Cochiti Indians (U.S. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. Bull. No. 98) 55 Then Corncob Boy lay down and his long hair rolled down on the south side of the ladder into the kiva.
1988 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 Aug. e1 A stocky young man, dark hair rolling back from his forehead, behind him the sea.
2005 M. B. Morrison Nothing has ever felt like This ix. 88 Leaning his head back, Darius's locks rolled behind his shoulders as he gulped the last shot of scotch.
41. intransitive. Of land: to extend in gentle falls and rises; to undulate. Also with away. Cf. rolling adj. 10.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > lie (of land) [verb (intransitive)] > undulate
roll1690
1690 E. Arwaker tr. H. Hugo Pia Desideria (ed. 2) i. xi. 54 Here long, long Hills, roll far, and wide away, There abrupt Vales fright back th'intruding Day.
1731 I. Thomson Coll. of Poems 40 See, where he comes! not swifter flies the Hind; Skim back, the Hills; and Mountains roul behind.
1847 H. Melville Omoo vii Across the water, the land rolled away in bright hillsides,..warm and undulating.
1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) 113 That ‘great and terrible wilderness’ which rolled like a sea between the valley of the Nile and..the Jordan.
1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross I. xv. 238 Before them rolled the sweep of upland.
1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail ii. 6 The pines stood on a country rolling with hills, deep with pot-holes.
1956 P. O'Brian Golden Ocean vii. 120 The great bay of St. Julian and the empty pampas rolling to the sea.
1992 C. McCarthy All Pretty Horses (1993) iv. 225 The country rolled away to the west through broken light and shadow..to where the cordilleras rose and sank in the haze.
Phrases
P1. to roll one's (also the) tongue.† a. To speak eloquently, flowingly, or at length. Cf. rolling adj. 5a. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1568 E. Dering Sparing Restraint i. 105 This is a hardy man, that when he hath no reason, yet can roll his tongue so handsomely.
1636 R. Baker tr. Cato Variegatus 4 Many can roule the Tongue; and make it run, But Turne, and make a Stoppe, is hardly done.
1684 T. Creech tr. Plutarch in Morals I. iii. 202 Faith this is a brave man, how excellently he rolls his tongue about nothing.
1834 Evangelical Mag. 1 Feb. 34/1 A wife and venerable matron, otherwise respectable, so completely overcome with strong drink as to roll her stammering tongue in foolishness.
1893 C. M. Depew in T. B. Reed Mod. Eloquence (1900) I. 371 He could roll his tongue in a way that would make the shamrocks turn green with envy. He had that brogue..which gives eloquence to speech.
b. To curl up the sides of one's tongue so that it forms a folded, almost tubular shape.A minority of people are unable to do this, hence the phrase is often found in discussions of heredity and genetics.
ΚΠ
1884 W. A. Stearns Labrador iv. 59 Another similar high note which rounds off the whistle with that peculiar effect so often practised by small boys in trying to roll the tongue.
1942 D. D. Whitney Family Treasures v. 107 (caption) Rolling the tongue. The ability to roll the tongue is shown in both parents..but in only one..of the two sons. Rolling the tongue is a dominant trait and not being able to roll the tongue is a recessive trait.
1942 A. Boucher in J. Merril Beyond Human Ken (1952) 159 Not everybody can change. It's like being able to roll your tongue or wiggle your ears. You can, or you can't; and that's that.
1995 B. Kanner Are you Normal? 9 Can you roll your tongue? Roughly two in three of us can roll our tongues.
P2. to roll back the years: to evoke or recreate a previous time, state, or condition; to make it seem as if no time has passed.
ΚΠ
1782 Brit. Mag. & Rev. Nov. 380 Fond remembrance will roll back the years.
1826 Worcester Mag. & Hist. Jrnl. 1 69 It required no laborious stretch of imagination to..roll back the years between the present period and the age of her glory, the reign of the fourteenth Lewis.
1922 E. P. Oppenheim Evil Shepherd xxxii. 256 If I could roll back the years, if from all my deeds of sin, as the world knows sin, I could cancel one.
1994 Representations 46 114 Titian rolled back the years by a full decade to make this picture commemorative of the career of a man who died in 1538.
2005 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 30 Sept. 31 The Beat are set to roll back the years when they play in Nuneaton next week.
P3. to roll into one: to combine into one person or thing. Cf. sense 23b.
ΚΠ
1797 G. Colman My Night-gown 30 Will was so fat he appeared like a ton;—Or like two single gentlemen roll'd into One.
1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford x Men will be men. Every mother's son of them wishes to be considered Samson and Solomon rolled into one.
1871 H. R. Haweis Music & Morals 405 Roll all these [instruments] into one, we shall get the first glimmering notion or embryo of a piano.
1879 T. Hardy Let. 26 Mar. (1978) I. 64 It is possible that he & the ancestor of your relative were two different persons who were in India at the same time, & so got rolled into one.
1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 135/2 He is the Supreme Court and human fate rolled into one.
1995 Independent 9 Nov. (Suppl.) 26/2 Roll all of those [games] into one and you have Fibonacci, a game devised eight years ago, but only now beginning to attract serious interest.
2004 R. Kurson Shadow Divers vi. 133 Dudas was astronaut, mercenary, gladiator, and porpoise all rolled into one.
P4. to roll down to St. Helena and variants: (of a vessel) to advance steadily under a favourable wind, without having to change tack or sail.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > sail before the wind
scud1582
spoon1588
spoom1628
to stand down1635
to bear down1671
skid1815
to roll down to St. Helena1834
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 19 You have heard of rolling down from the Cape to St. Helena; almost at all seasons of the year, it blows from the same quarter.
a1861 T. Twining Trav. India (1893) 355 The ship remained under nearly the same sail for many days,..rolling from one side to the other, the wind being directly astern. This is called ‘rolling down to St. Helena’ by the captains of Indiamen.
1872 C. Chapman Voy. Southampton to Cape Town 209 On went the ‘Syria’, rolling down to St. Helena.
P5. to roll up one's sleeves and variants: to apply oneself in earnest to a task; to buckle down; to prepare to engage in a challenge or conflict.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > resolutely or energetically
to go to it1490
busklea1535
settle1576
to lay on1587
to put in (also get into) one's gearsa1658
to put (occasionally lay, set) one's shoulder to the wheel1678
yark1721
to get going1822
to pitch in1835
to roll up one's sleeves1838
square1849
to clap on1850
to wire in (also away)1864
to dig in1884
hunker1903
tie into1904
to get cracking1937
to get stuck in1938
to get weaving1942
to get it on1954
1838 Amer. Monthly Mag. Apr. 356 We should not roll up our sleeves and prepare to batter his doctrine with all our force of argument.
1863 J. W. Hunnicutt Conspiracy Unveiled ii. xxxv. 400 Roll up your sleeves and pitch in.
1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 20 If..mankind must go on being mankind, then I am willing to fight, I will roll my sleeves up And start in.
1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? xii. 286 She said it was really something to see him roll up his sleeves with the enthusiasm of a kid just breaking in.
1990 I. Bayley in K. A. Porter Lett. Introd. 2 She rolls up her sleeves for the scrimmage over awarding the Bollingen Prize to Ezra Pound.
P6. U.S. slang. to roll (the, them) bones: to play dice.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > play at dice [verb (intransitive)]
taveleOE
dicec1440
rifle1590
to shake the elbow1705
jeff1837
to touch ivory1864
to roll (the, them) bones1891
1891 Atlanta Constit. 9 June 1/6 He was a habitue of gambling houses and rolled the bones for very high stakes.
1892 Chicago Tribune 10 Sept. 3/4 The crap games were patronized principally by the colored 'longshoremen, who rolled the ‘bones’ out on the wharf, and called out for ‘little Joe’ and ‘Kans' City seben’ until they could be heard across the river.
1929 H. W. Odum in Amer. Mercury Sept. 49/2 So we sets 'round in circle an' starts rollin' them bones.
1945 L. Saxon et al. Gumbo Ya-Ya vii. 127 Today in the colored sections of the city there are always circles of men ‘rollin' the bones’ playing Indian Dice, which is any game of Craps unsupervised by a syndicate and without a player for the ‘house’.
1995 Sports Illustr. 29 May 25/2 Everyone wants to talk basketball, and he just wants to roll bones until dawn.
P7. Chiefly U.S. to let the good times roll and variants: to participate freely in enjoyable activities or a time of prosperity; to enjoy oneself. Chiefly in imperative.
ΚΠ
1898 Atlanta Constit. 4 Sept. 15/3 The people are cheerful, confidence is abundant, the war is over, so now let the good times roll in upon us.
1925 Catal. Copyright Entries: Pt. 3 (Libr. of Congr. Copyright Office) 19 iii. 476/1 Let the good times roll; w[ords] and melody Tom Delaney, of U. S.
1946 N.Y. Amsterdam News 28 Dec. 17/1 (heading) Let the good times roll.
1976 A. Murray Stomping Blues (2000) ix. 178 That's all right about all that other carrying on and stuff, I say let the good times roll!
1997 List 19 Dec. 14/1 George Square is the place to let the good times roll, with a programme of upbeat..acts performing..over two stages.
2007 H. Coburn Winners lvi. 352 They felt that talk of the horrors many had seen was not a good dinner subject, so they devoted their time to letting the good times roll.
P8. to roll one's own: to make one's own cigarettes by wrapping paper tightly round loose tobacco. Also figurative: to get by without outside assistance. Cf. sense 33 and roll-your-own adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > use as material for smoking [verb (transitive)] > make cigarettes
roll1845
to roll one's own1900
1900 Internat. Cycl. XIV. 462 The practice is for the smoker to roll his own, rather than to smoke the manufactured article.
1932 J. D. Carr Poison in Jest xi. 157 He produced papers and tobacco... ‘Good American,’ he announced. ‘I roll my own.’
1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Roll one's own,..to do things without outside aid.
1941 N.Y. Times 25 July 14/5 ‘Ghosting’ is routine in public papers in the United States, and has been since our history began... Mr. Roosevelt proved again today that he can roll his own whenever he has the time and the inclination.
1960 J. McNamee Florencia Bay 59 Looks sixty. Thin face. Dark. Looks a little Indian but not our kind of Indian. Rolls his own.
2004 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 324/1 Johnny Depp whips out of pouch of Bali Shag tobacco, licks a dark-brown Rizla paper, and starts rolling his own.
P9. to roll with the punches and variants: (of a boxer) to move the body, esp. the head, away from the opponent's blows so as to lessen the impact. Now usually figurative: to adapt oneself to adverse circumstances.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (intransitive)] > give in
to sky the wipe (or towel)1907
to roll with the punches1910
to pull one's punches1931
to lead with one's chin1949
the world > action or operation > behaviour > adaptability to circumstances > adapt to circumstances [verb (intransitive)]
temporize1555
accommodate1597
localizea1631
to piece in1636
attemper1807
trim1888
adapt1910
reorient1916
adjust1924
to trim one's sails to the wind1928
to roll with the punches1956
1910 Washington Post 28 June 9/4 Johnson would allow his head to roll with each punch, one of his ways of lessening the force of the blows.
1951 J. J. Walsh Boxing Simplified viii. 32 In an actual bout he will not have so much time to roll with the blow.
1956 H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy ii. 15 He had mastered the trick of rolling with the punches, rendering himself invisible when a crisis darkened the neighbouring skies.
1963 J. Crosby With Love & Loathing 48 Madison Avenue rolls with the blow; it watches carefully which direction the cookie crumbles.
2009 Retirement Income Reporter (Nexis) Feb. 9 People like him, who have secure jobs and deep-in-the-money mortgages, are rolling with the punches these days.
P10. North American. figurative. to roll up the sidewalks: to cause all entertainment or leisure pursuits to cease (in a location).
ΚΠ
1925 Jrnl. Electr. Workers & Operators 24 524/2 No excitement here; they roll up the sidewalks at 8 o'clock.
1951 Life 3 Sept. 135 (caption) It..lasted until midnight. Afterwards Hospitality Chairman Jimmy Adams..moaned, ‘Now they'll go back to rolling up the sidewalks every night at 10.’
1967 Boston Sunday Globe 23 Apr. a43/1 No longer do they roll up the sidewalks when early Spring arrives.
2001 N.Y. Times 6 May ix. 10/1 (caption) In London, the City no longer rolls up its sidewalks at dusk.
P11. heads will roll and variants: people will be dismissed, forced to resign, or otherwise stripped of power.In allusion to a literal threat of executions made by Adolf Hitler (see quot. 1930). Like the latter, similar earlier expressions usually include a modifier of heads and a prepositional phrase indicating location.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [phrase] > liability of incurring penalty
under (also on, in, upon) (the) penalty of ——1560
heads will roll1946
society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [phrase] > some will be removed
heads will roll1946
1930 Daily Herald 26 Sept. 1/1 Giving evidence, Hitler declared..‘If our movement is victorious there will be a revolutionary tribunal which will punish the crimes of November 1918. Then decapitated heads will roll in the sand.’]
1946 Billboard 9 Nov. 41/4 Before it's all over more heads will roll.
1961 Time 1 Dec. 77/3 A.M.C. made it clear, too, that more heads would roll if the workers still failed to get the message.
1972 National Observer (U.S.) 27 May 7/2 President Nixon decreed ‘heads will roll’ if ‘petty bureaucrats’ hinder Jaffe's war on narcotics.
2000 K. Charles Cruel Habitations (2001) xi. 195 But there's going to be the most almighty kerfuffle when it all comes out. Fur will fly. Heads may roll.
Phrasal verbs
PV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. to roll along to roll around to roll away to roll back to roll by to roll down to roll in † 1. transitive. To wrap, envelop. Cf. sense 32. Obsolete. rare. to roll off to roll on † 2. transitive. To wrap (a flexible material) around something. Cf. sense 31b. Obsolete. rare. to roll out † 3. intransitive. To turn out or prove to be; to be ultimately found or known. Obsolete. rare. to roll over to roll round to roll together to roll up † 2. transitive. To recite rapidly. Obsolete. † 9. transitive. To cause (a storm) to gather force. Obsolete. rare.† 10. transitive. To belch out (a large amount of wind). Obsolete. rare.
1. intransitive. Of speech or writing: to flow continuously and (often) smoothly.
ΚΠ
1700 R. Blackmore Paraphr. Job ix. 43 Thou dost Prolix Discourses much affect. Thy Words abound, and roll in Floods along.
1721 P. Stafford Poems on Several Occasions 40 A Taste of Homer I from thee would learn,..Would hear his sounding Numbers roll along.
1858 Dublin Univ. Mag. Nov. 539/2 His words roll along in rhetorical billows.
1873 B. De Jongh Rosa Noel II. xiii. 246 Then conversation rolled along insipidly in well-worn grooves, until Lena rose to take her departure.
1910 A. H. Licklider Chapters on Metric Chaucerian Trad. iii. 139 Stanza after stanza of formal verse rolls along in the Chaucerian style.
1948 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 31 May 4/4 With sonorous majesty his prose rolls along.
2000 Atlanta Jrnl. (Nexis) 29 Oct. 3 d The prose rolls along effortlessly, capturing all of Gabriel's neurotic tendencies, his loneliness and unabashed self-criticism.
2. intransitive. To turn up, put in an appearance.
ΚΠ
1928 A. Waugh Last Chukka 82 She entertains whoever there may be that chooses to roll along.
2006 P. Wilkinson Rat Salad (2007) Foreword 8 Albums were..about twenty-five pounds in today's money. You couldn't just roll along to your local store and come out with an armful.
1. intransitive. Of a regular or due event or time: to arrive, come; = to roll round 1 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [verb (intransitive)] > come or arrive (of a time)
falla1375
to come onc1450
arrive1614
to roll around1753
1753 London Mag. May 235/2 And as this day [sc. birthday] rolls around, May you still be perfect sound.
1825 J. Quincy Mem. Life xv. 298 Another season of Presidential contest had now rolled around.
1870 I. S. Isaacs Friday Night 109 When Tuesday rolled around, again were they both found together, on their way to market.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 163/2 (advt.) When summertime rolls around, it blower-cools your rooms and continues to filter dust and pollens from the air you breathe.
1975 B. Benderson Kyle v. 82 I saw the comedy act..four more times before closing time rolled around.
2001 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 29 Dec. (Neighbor section) 1 By the time the April local elections rolled around, the county had installed higher-tech optical-scanning balloting boxes at half of all precincts.
2. intransitive. Of time or a period of time: to pass by, elapse; = to roll round 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
1769 S. Stennett Disc. Personal Relig. I. iv. 163 When millions of years have rolled around, the immortal spirit will be but beginning in its existence.
1885 Life & Light for Woman 15 77 God willing, there will be more than one [Missionary Society] ere another twelve months rolls around.
1932 Sewage Wks. Jrnl. 4 154 Two more years rolled around.
1950 Virginia Law Rev. 37 364 As the centuries rolled around, it became apparent that Black's descendants in the law were not much better off than they had been when only the writ of trespass was available.
2009 Digital Jrnl. (Nexis) 17 Mar. By the time a few years rolled around, Clinton was fully redeemed and back in good graces with everyone.
1. intransitive. Of time or a period of time: to pass by, elapse; to come to an end.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. xii. l. 134 The donk nycht is al maist rollyt away.
1671 R. Baxter Divine Appointment of Lords Day Proved 125 How fast do weeks and years roll away!
1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. i. iii. 46 His Years rolled away, till he had served New-England, Three Years before Mr. Cotton's coming over, Twenty Years with him.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 174 Generations and ages might roll away in silent oblivion.
1791 W. Cowper Retirem. 67 The night rolled tardily away.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxi. 303 Somehow or other, thank Heaven, the solitary days roll away peacefully and happily enough.
1896 Northern Echo 19 Aug. Time rolled away, but in their Chairman time seemed to halt.
1929 W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 369 Oh I tells you, ef you aint got de milk en de dew of de old salvation when de long, cold years rolls away!
2009 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 1 Jan. a1 As the final hours of 2008 rolled away, New Year's Eve partygoer..seemed to forget why they hated the year so much.
2.
a. intransitive. Of time that has passed: to seem never to have occurred, making a previous time easier to recall or evoke.
ΚΠ
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. iii. ix. 201 Years rolled away from the Past—he recalled the young, generous, ardent man whom..he had called his friend.
1854 Leisure Hour 30 Mar. 215/2 Autographs, which serve us as so many links between the past and present, making intervening ages roll away.
1901 B. Holmes Lect. (1905) VII. 201 As we look upon this scene, the intervening centuries roll away.
1955 N. Coward Diary 8 May (2000) 266 On Wednesday I lunched with Dickie and Edwina... We laughed a lot and some of the years rolled away.
2008 Washington Post (Nexis) 25 Dec. b3 The years rolled away as I stood in my Bethesda kitchen recently and opened the Depression glass cracker jar.
b. transitive. To cause (intervening time) to seem not to have passed. Cf. to roll back the years at Phrases 2.
ΚΠ
1897 Frank Leslie's Pop. Monthly May 508/1 Could Father Hennepin, standing just where he stood that July day in 1680, have rolled away the three centuries intervening between that day and this.
1906 A. Bennett Whom God hath Joined v. 146 Some naive glance would flash in her brown eyes, that rolled away the years, and left her for an instant as girlish as Annunciata.
1920 San Antonio (Texas) Express 9 Oct. 1/2 Memory played a trick on them and rolled away the years until they could see..their hoopskirted sweethearts of more than 50 years ago.
2008 Retford Times (Nexis) 7 Aug. 5 Yve Robinson rolled away the years when Sir Elton John performed the only show of the summer at Doncaster's Keepmoat Stadium.
1.
a. transitive. To reverse the direction or progress of, to turn back; to cause to recede or retreat. Frequently figurative or in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > cause to move back [verb (transitive)] > turn back or reverse the course of
reverse?a1439
to turn back?1531
return?1542
retrograde1582
tergiverse1602
turn1665
to roll back1695
revert1814
1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur viii. 229 The Conquerour before is forc'd to yield, And rolling back its Waves deserts the Field.
1706 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ ii. 258 His wondrous Voice rolls back the Spheres, Recalls the Scenes of Ancient Years.
1773 J. Macpherson tr. Homer Iliad I. xi. 318 To meet the foe, hand to hand; to roll back the loud tempest of war.
1845 Eng. Rev. June 330 We do not flatter ourselves that our arguments can roll back the current of legislation.
1877 United Methodist Free Churches' Mag. July 389 No sensible man..would ever dream of praying God to roll back the tide, because he knows that to roll back the tide would be a miracle.
1901 J. A. Babington Reformation v. 128 The only Dane who boldly attempted to roll back the advancing Reformation.
1987 A. Miller Timebends (1988) iv. 280 The Russians were beginning to look like they might well roll back the Germans.
b. transitive. To reduce, curtail, or annul (something powerful or influential).
ΚΠ
1890 Contemp. Pulpit 4 326 The marvellous power of that ‘I absolve thee’ to roll back the deadly power of death which makes the supernatural life impossible.
1953 E. W. Barrett Truth is our Weapon vi. 79 Our fourth objective is that of helping to roll back Soviet influence, not by arms, of course, but by all means short of force.
1979 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 12 Oct. 5/5 Neo-conservatism's promise is to roll back big government.
1995 Gazette (Montreal) 9 Sept. b6 Bhutto, with no great success, has tried to roll back the prejudice dispensed to women by Pakistani courts.
2. transitive to roll back the years: see Phrases 2.
3. transitive. Originally U.S. To reduce, cut back; esp. to reduce (prices) to a previous level. Cf. rollback n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)]
littleeOE
anitherOE
wanzelOE
lessc1225
slakea1300
littenc1300
aslakec1314
adminisha1325
allayc1330
settle1338
low1340
minisha1382
reprovea1382
abatea1398
rebatea1398
subtlea1398
alaskia1400
forlyten?a1400
imminish14..
lessenc1410
diminish1417
repress?a1425
assuagec1430
scarcec1440
small1440
underslakec1440
alessa1450
debate?c1450
batec1460
decreasec1470
appetisse1474
alow1494
mince1499
perswage?1504
remita1513
inless?1521
attenuate1530
weaken1530
defray1532
mitigate1532
minorate1534
narrow?1548
diminuec1550
extenuate1555
amain1578
exolve1578
base1581
dejecta1586
amoinder1588
faint1598
qualify1604
contract1605
to pull down1607
shrivel1609
to take down1610
disaugment1611
impoverish1611
shrink1628
decoct1629
persway1631
unflame1635
straiten1645
depress1647
reduce1649
detract1654
minuate1657
alloy1661
lower?1662
sinka1684
retreat1690
nip1785
to drive down1840
minify1866
to knock down1867
to damp down1869
scale1887
mute1891
clip1938
to roll back1942
to cut back1943
downscale1945
downrate1958
slim1963
downshift1972
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > lower (price)
weaken1530
mitigate1542
abase1551
fall1564
to beat the price1591
to bring down1600
to fetch down1841
degrade1844
to roll back1942
1942 [implied in: Canad. Jrnl. Econ. & Polit. Sci. 8 438 The rolling back of costs had meant the lowering of gross profit margins all along the line. (at rolling back n. at rolling n.1 Compounds 3)].
1943 Funk & Wagnalls New Stand. Encycl. Yearbk. 1942 81/1 In many instances, wholesale or manufacturers' prices were ‘rolled back’ to an earlier date.
1951 Manch. Guardian Weekly 15 Mar. 10/4 The Tampa Tribune in Florida..prominently reported,..the Government's promise to roll back meat prices.
1977 Time 25 July 5/2 Fully 1.15 million workers were jobless in June... Unless the Giscard regime can roll back that figure, it could become a lethal weapon in the hands of the left.
1991 Utilitas May 60 The prospect of rolling back the margins in agriculture is an exciting one which flies in the face of conventional classical growth theory.
1999 Asda Mag. Aug. 36/1 And the price of fresh chillies has been rolled back so what are you waiting for—go out and try some!
4. transitive. Computing. To restore (a system, database, program, etc.) to a previously defined state, typically to recover from an error. Also intransitive.
ΚΠ
1960 Communications ACM 3 95/1 If it failed, the program ‘rolled back’ to the last check point; that is, the last ten minutes were run again.
1979 T. Anderson et al. in B. Randell Computing Syst. Reliability v. 193 An error such that it is necessary to roll back that process to a state prior to the acquisition of the resource.
1990 PC User (Nexis) 18 July 32 Dragging the scrollbar slider towards Undo rolls back the editing session to any previous state.
1999 Network World 21 June 14 The ability to..roll back to previous configurations in the event something goes wrong.
2008 D. A. Karp Windows Vista Annoyances vi. 324 To roll back a file to an earlier version, select the backup or shadow copy you want, and click Restore.
intransitive. Of time or a period of time: to go steadily by; to pass, elapse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
1790 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 163/2 Rapid days may roll unheeded by.
1885 Times 8 Sept. 4 A spirit of antagonism among large masses of the English people which will deepen in intensity as time rolls by.
1935 Amer. Mercury Feb. 130/1 As the years have rolled by, a greater and ever greater percentage of black and white farmers in the South has been driven into tenantry.
1976 T. Glynne Davies tr. T. Hughes Jones in A. Richards Penguin Bk. Welsh Short Stories 194 The people of the area could not discern any change in the pattern of things as the years rolled by.
2004 P. Southern Craze viii. 59 The days rolled by after that and Azad almost forgot about his ‘friend’.
intransitive. Of a vessel: to sway or incline downwards on one side. Cf. sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > heel or list
blencha1300
rolla1325
heelc1575
seela1618
list1626
stoop1663
careen1762
to lie along1769
to lay along1779
wrong1842
to roll down1856
1856 I. L. Bird Englishwoman in Amer. xx. 460 She would roll down on one side, the billows seeming ready to burst in foam over her, while the opposite bulwark was fifteen or eighteen feet above the water.
1898 Forest & Stream 19 Feb. 156/2 Before the wind reached us the schooner rolled down at such an angle that her crew commenced to shorten sail.
1916 F. W. Wallace Shack Locker (1922) 166 She rolled down an' came up with a dory a-hangin' on her fore-cross-trees.
1984 E. P. Stafford Little Ship, Big War ii. i. 122 As the ship rolled down to starboard, the pilot grabbed the net, the two men at the bottom grabbed him and..pulled him quickly aboard.
2004 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 28 Sept. r5 The ship was rolling heavily, and we said, wait until the ship rolls down, and grab the ladder. Then it will heave back and you'll be well on your way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)]
bewindOE
writheOE
windc1175
bewrap?c1225
lapa1300
umbelaya1300
umbeweave1338
wlappec1380
enwrapa1382
wrapa1382
inlap1382
envelop1386
forwrapc1386
hapc1390
umbeclapa1400
umbethonrea1400
umblaya1400
wapc1420
biwlappea1425
revolve?a1425
to roll up?a1425
roll?c1425
to roll ina1475
wimple1513
to wind up?1533
invest1548
circumvolve1607
awrap1609
weave1620
sheet1621
obvolve1623
embowdle1625
amict1657
wry1674
woold1775
overwrap1815
wrapper1885
wrapper1905
weve-
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 38 (MED) Fyrst scalde þy lamprays fayre and wele..Soþun, rere a cofyne of flowre so fre, Rolle in þo lampray.
2. intransitive. To accumulate steadily and abundantly; to come in or arrive in large numbers, continuously or in rapid succession; to come pouring in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > continuously or copiously
to roll in1696
inpour1885
1696 M. Pix Spanish Wives iii. ii. 37 I cannot but think how bravely I shall maintain thee. Girl; for Mony comes rowling in.
1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 332 Commodities still rolling in in Trade.
1785 P. Webster Seventh Ess. Free Trade & Finance 38 I came..to see a deluge of paper money rolling in upon the state.
1835 J. F. Cooper Monikins I. i. 25 Success crowned his laudable efforts; gold rolled in upon him like water on the flood.
1879 F. Fossett Colorado 278 He reached a bonanza that rivalled those of the Gregory and Bobtail, and wealth rolled in on him in a steady stream.
1904 ‘O. Henry’ Heart of West xvii. 270 The invited guests..rolled in from the Gila country, from Salt River, from the Pecos.
1913 W. S. Churchill Let. 6 Apr. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) iv. 72 The papers in files & bags & boxes come rolling in. One never seems to do more than keep abreast of them.
1978 Chicago June 124/2 With money rolling in from the rest of the family empire..he began buying, parcel by parcel, the farmland around his family's estate.
2004 BBC Good Food Oct. 146/1 For the night the presidential election results start rolling in.
3. intransitive. To arrive at a place late, esp. with a casual or insouciant air.
ΚΠ
1864 Mothers' Friend New Ser. 5 125 He never came, till late at night he rolled in, drunk, as usual.
1953 Baseball Digest Jan. 24 Many a working man who must get up at seven to get to his job is hesitating to roll in at 1 AM after a game that consumed three hours or more.
1980 D. W. Plath Long Engagements iv. 100 I could stay out at night until eleven or twelve, even roll in at one a.m.
2002 L. Purves Radio (2003) iv. 65 They rolled in with three minutes to airtime and whammed down a script for me.
4. Computing.
a. transitive. To increase the content of (a counter) by causing it to count a sequence of pulses (see quot. 1962). rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > use hardware [verb (transitive)] > operate on register
shift1946
to roll out1954
to roll in1962
1962 Gloss. Terms Automatic Data Processing (B.S.I.) 87 Roll in (to), to increase the content of a counter by causing it to count a sequence of pulses, determining at what stage in the sequence the content passes through zero.
b. transitive. To transfer from auxiliary storage to main memory.
ΚΠ
1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 435 When main memory is released by any program, or a task terminates and its space becomes available, a task that had been rolled out can be rolled in and restarted.
1988 B. C. Wonsiewicz Computer Automation of Materials Testing 163 Sectors 3 to 17 of track 0 of the program disk are used to store the data section of the executive overlay when other overlays are rolled in.
2004 S. Kumar Encycl. Operating Syst. v. 159 The entire storage is dedicated to one job for a brief period, that job is then removed..and the next job is brought in (i.e., swapped in or rolled in).
5. intransitive. Of audio equipment: to begin to respond as the frequency increases. Also transitive: to cause to do this. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > cause frequency response to increase
to roll in1970
1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers i. 25 Many [loudspeaker] systems employ two units, one..going from about 30 or 40Hz and rolling-off due to the action of the crossover around 1 or 2 kHz and the other for treble rolling-in at about 1 or 2 kHz and responding up to 16 kHz or higher.
1975 Hi-Fi Answers Feb. 69/3 In a three-way speaker you've got to get the mid-range to cover the whole of the speech band all in one go,..and you've got to get it down to at least two octaves below the frequency at which you want to roll it in.
1. transitive. Chiefly North American. To cover (a specified distance).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > traverse a distance or ground
runeOE
overcomeOE
meteOE
through-gangOE
passc1300
to pass over ——c1300
overpassc1325
tracec1381
travela1393
traverse?a1400
travelc1400
measure?a1425
walkc1450
go1483
journey1531
peragrate1542
trade1548
overspin1553
overtrace1573
tract1579
progress1587
invade1590
waste1590
wear1596
march1606
void1608
recovera1625
expatiate1627
lustrate1721
do1795
slip1817
cover1818
clear1823
track1823
itinerate1830
betravel1852
to roll off1867
1867 B. Taylor Colorado: Summer Trip xxi. 174 We rolled off the fourth hundred miles from Denver during a third painful night.
1895 Outing 26 361/1 I had rolled off seventy-seven miles from Allahabad.
1908 F. Miltoun In Land of Mosques & Minarets xvi. 268 Through wonderful ocean-like mirages and clouds of dust..we rolled off the last kilometres of our tiresome journey.
1934 G. A. Reichard Spider Woman vii. 48 I wrap up the blanket in a spread flour sack..and start rolling off the six miles to the trading-post.
2001 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Tribune (Nexis) 7 Jan. a1 These days, things are more sophisticated at Crosscountry [Courier], which rolls off 25,500 road miles a day, making 1,800 pick-ups and deliveries.
2.
a. intransitive. Of audio or electronic equipment: to exhibit a frequency response that decreases smoothly at the end of its range; (of a response or property) to diminish gradually. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > of audio apparatus
to roll off1948
1948 RCA Rev. 9 614 The ideal low-pass filter..has zero attenuation from zero frequency to cutoff frequency..and rolls off at a constant number of decibels per octave thereafter.
1957 U.S. Patent 2,790,954 2 The selectivity curve is fairly flat to cutoff and rolls off uniformly beyond cutoff.
1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers iii. 69 The majority of amplifiers have in-built high-pass filtering, rolling off around the 20 to 30Hz mark.
2008 R. J. Baker CMOS (ed. 2) viii. 221 In this case, our noise is no longer white at high frequencies but rolls off above the 3-dB frequency of the circuit.
b. transitive. Of audio equipment: to cause (the frequency response) to decrease smoothly at the end of its range.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > make recording [verb (transitive)] > cause frequency response to decrease smoothly
to roll off1954
1954 Proc. IRE 42 1074/2 The output of this network is amplified, then passes through..a filter that rolls off the low frequencies.
1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers v. 105 The receiver must incorporate a network which rolls the treble response off at the same rate as the transmitter rolls it on.
1994 Guitarist Sept. 85/3 I found it could prove a little too trebly on occasions, but adjusting the tone control rolled off the ear-piercing highs.
2001 Computer Music May 46/1 Hi hats or cymbals. Any apparent muddiness can be rolled off around 300Hz.
1.
a. intransitive. Of time or a period of time: to go steadily on, advance, move on; to pass, elapse.
ΚΠ
1578 T. Churchyard Disc. Queenes Entertainem. sig. C.iiijv Considering how time rolled on, and dayes and houres did wast,..I hastily prepared my Boyes and Men.
1681 R. Baxter Compassionate Counsel Young-men ii. 6 How fast do Daies and Years roll on?
1718 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 266 Youth on silent Wings is flown: Graver Years come rolling on.
1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph I. 136 Day after day rolls on, and the same dull repetition!
1814 D. P. Watts Let. 12 Apr. in Constable Corr. (1966) IV. 38 Year after Year rolls on and you candidly allow that you lose time.
1819 W. Irving Rip Van Winkle in Sketch Bk. i. 66 Time grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years rolled on.
1851 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 103 The soul Of him whose days ungladden'd roll On, month by month.
1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 461 Years rolled on and developed her intellectual power.
1929 Amazing Stories Q. Winter 52/2 Ralph grew more despondent each day, and his hope of bringing his betrothed back to life grew dimmer and dimmer as the hours rolled on.
1988 S. Gristwood Recording Angels ii. 19 The telescopic effect by which the years get shorter as they roll on is something we are all too aware of.
2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 June d9/3 As spring rolls on, Mr. Riddle adds rose-colored gomphrena.
b. intransitive. In optative subjunctive. roll on ——: expressing a desire for time to pass quickly until a particular event.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > hasten the occurrence of or make earlier
advance1481
acceleratec1522
prevent1548
antedate1604
roll on ——1885
1885 M. Davitt Leaves from Prison Diary I. 150 ‘A burst in the City. Copped while boning the swag. 7 Stretch, 1869. Roll on 1876. Cheer up, pals.’ Another—‘Hook, 7 ys. Roll on time.’
1917 F. T. Nettleingham Tommy's Tunes 21 When this ruddy war is over, Oh! how happy we shall be!.. Roll on, when we go on furlough; Roll on, when we go on leave.
1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid ii. 19 ‘Well,’ said the Gilt Kid, ‘this is a whole lot better than making scrubbing brushes back in the old Monastery Garden.’ ‘Yes, and saying to yourself, “Roll on Cocoa”.’
1970 M. Tripp Man without Friends i. 15 He wakes at seven..saying ‘Roll on my retirement.’
1999 Daily Tel. 18 Feb. (Connected section) 7/4 So roll on OS X. It should make crashes, freezes and hangs things of the past.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > by winding or folding something round
enlacec1374
wrap1382
circumvolute1599
coila1625
furl1712
to roll on1753
clasp1798
bespin1862
1753 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery xxv. 223 Rags..may be rowled on.
3.
a. intransitive. Of speech or writings: to flow on continuously and (often) effortlessly.
ΚΠ
1784 A. Seward Let. 7 Nov. (1811) I. 11 His eloquence rolls on in its customary majestic torrent.
1828 Monthly Rev. Mar. 413 Her prose rolls on as cumbrously as the original octosyllabics trip lightly and boundingly before the reader.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. v. 48 Mr. Pen again assented, and the conversation rolled on in this manner.
1903 H. Keller Story of my Life i. xviii. 86 Burke's masterly speech rolled on in mighty surges of eloquence.
1976 Times 23 Dec. 13/6 As the prose rolls on a tyro would undoubtedly find himself confused.
2004 E. V. Aldinoff Garden 58 The verses rolled on, and now that Adam was not distracting me, I could hear their beauty.
b. intransitive. To continue speaking, esp. in a tedious manner.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > be talkative [verb (intransitive)]
to multiply words1340
gagglea1556
glib1596
to run on?c1663
gasha1774
to roll on1861
pan1871
rabbit and pork1949
motormouth1983
1861 J. Pycroft Ways & Words 34 Fox..could..roll on for hours without fatiguing himself or his hearers.
1972 N.Y. Mag. 7 Feb. 30/2 He sometimes rolls on extemporaneously, mentioning ‘America’ in every sentence.
1990 R. Cook Harmful Intent (1991) 234 Bromley loved a captive audience, so Devlin had just let him roll on.
1.
a. transitive. To make (a malleable substance, as dough, molten metal, etc.) thin and flat by means of pressure with a roller, adjusting to a desired length or breadth. Frequently with into. Cf. sense 5a, to roll into —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΚΠ
1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. ii. 65 After the paste is well kneaded, roule out a part therof as thin as you please.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes IV. vi. iii. 1173 The bread which they make of this roote is very passing white, not kneaded into loaues, but rolled out in Cakes of a reasonable thicknesse, yet may they be better called thin.
1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. at Oat Cakes Roll them out into Cakes, and place them on your Baking-stone.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery 151 When you have rolled out all your Dough, begin to bake the first.
1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 503/1 It [sc. the copper] is then cut..into pieces..of the required weight, which are heated in the muffle and rolled out.
1892 Encycl. Pract. Cookery I. 281/1 Cannelons..are generally made by rolling the paste out very thin..and rolling up round small pieces of wood, which are removed after baking.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxv. 683 Tin is a malleable metal which can be rolled out into thin sheets which are known as tinfoil and are used extensively for wrapping.
1968 N. Simon Turkish Cookery 63 When the dough is ready, roll out into thin rounds and grease each round with a little olive oil.
2008 BBC Good Food Sept. 143/4 Roll out your chilled pastry on a cold surface.
b. intransitive. See sense 5b.
2. transitive. To give a more or less cylindrical shape to (clay, dough, or another malleable substance) by compressing and rotating it on a surface, between the hands, etc. Cf. sense 18a.
ΚΠ
1681 E. R. Experienced Farrier (ed. 2) ii. 331 When you have occasion to use it, Rowl it out between your Hands, and break so much of it off as contains the bigness of a small Wash-ball.
1790 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 718/1 This blue earth,..the Welsh take up and expose to the sun; when it is a little dried, they roll it out into round pieces of about six or seven inches long.
1804 Mrs. Hudson & Mrs. Donat New Pract. Cookery 173 Put it on your paste-board and gently roll it out in rolls about two inches long and one round.
1829 C. C. Frankland Trav. to & from Constantinople I. iii. 70 A curious description of preserve made of boiled grapes and walnuts: this is rolled out into long sausage-looking forms.
1898 H. A. DeSalis Housewife's Referee 221 Dinner Finger Bread... The dough is cut into long strips, and gradually rolled out till quite thin with the hands.
1961 L. G. G. Ramsey Connoisseur New Guide Antique Eng. Pottery, Porcelain & Glass 35 ‘Stems’ formed of threads of clay rolled out thin between the hands.
1991 Pop. Mech. Mar. (Home & Shop section) 68/2 (caption) Roll out thin rope of glazing putty, then press into sash.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > result [verb (intransitive)] > turn out
goOE
farec1230
to come to proofc1330
shape1338
afarec1380
achievea1393
falla1398
sort1477
succeed1541
lucka1547
to fall out1556
redound1586
to come off1590
light1612
takea1625
result1626
issue1665
to turn out1731
eventuate1787
to roll out1801
to come away1823
to work out1839
pan1865
1801 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Husband II. 37 I should eat and drink more than I should earn.., supposing I ever did roll out to be good for anything.
1911 Harper's Mag. May 873/2 She was fumbling for something in her exquisite little gold bag—a half-finished lace collar it rolled out to be.
4. transitive. To unroll and lay out; to unfurl. Cf. to roll out the red carpet at red carpet n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > unfurl or unfold
unfoldc890
untrenda1272
displayc1330
splayc1330
unplyc1330
outrolla1393
unlapa1400
unplight?c1400
unrollc1425
deploy1477
to shake outc1550
explicate1562
disvelop1592
unfurl1641
develop1656
unwrap1807
unshroud1846
to roll out1849
1849 S. Bunbury First Christian Cemeteries at Rome Introd. p. v The velvet carpet was rolled out, and forth came the Pope to bless the multitude.
1880 Church Missionary Intelligence & Rec. Apr. 249/1 The Christian teacher of the school, who rolls out the coarse mats, and lights the small oil-lamps.
1956 J. MacNeill in S. H. Bell Erin's Orange Lily & Summer Loanen i. 23 He rolled out his banner, the Pride of the Land, With its edging of Orange and Blue.
2002 Christian Sci. Monitor 24 Oct. 1/1 The delicate blonde rolls out a rubber mat, engages what's called her ‘ujjayi breath’, and slips into a ‘down dog’.
5. U.S. colloquial.
a. intransitive. North American regional (western). To begin a journey; to leave. Also: to begin an enterprise.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]
to come awayeOE
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
awayOE
dealc1000
goOE
awendOE
rimeOE
to go one's wayOE
flitc1175
depart?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
to turn awaya1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
recede1450
roomc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
avaunt1549
trudge1562
vade?1570
discoast1571
leave1593
wag1594
to go off1600
troop1600
hence1614
to set on one's foota1616
to pull up one's stumps1647
quit1811
to clear out1816
slope1830
to walk one's chalks1835
shove1844
to roll out1850
to pull out1855
to light out1859
to take a run-out powder1909
to push off (also along)1923
1850 L. V. Loomis Jrnl. Birmingham Emigrating Co. 13 They hitched up and 13 men, 5 wagons and 23 Horses rolled out.
1923 J. H. Cook Fifty Years on Old Frontier 34 We will roll out tomorrow.
1936 Street & Smith's Western Story Mag. 14 Mar. 39/1 Slickers and saddlebags; holsters for your guns. Holsters; and cartridge belts. You hear? Roll out you rawhiders; let's go!
2006 I. Van Heerden & M. Bryan Storm i. 32 The next morning Lorie and I would roll out for the hurricane hole on the Tchefuncte River.
b. intransitive. To get out of bed; to get up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] > get up or rise
arisec950
riseOE
risec1175
uprisea1400
to dress upc1400
rouse1577
to get up1583
up1635
unroost1751
to turn out1801
to show a leg1818
to roll out1884
to hit the deck1918
1884 W. Shepherd Prairie Experiences 237 The cook's voice shouts ‘Roll out’... Before you have time to dress..it is ‘Breakfast!’
1930 L. Hughes Not without Laughter xv. 183 When his mother rolled out at six o'clock to go to work, he woke up again.
1942 Z. N. Hurston in Amer. Mercury July 85 All you did by rolling out early was to stir your stomach up.
2005 L. Mass In Beauty may she Walk viii. 155 We rolled out early, with a threat of rain nudging us to stuff our packs and eat before the clouds broke loose.
6. transitive. Originally U.S. To introduce or launch (a new product, service, etc.). Cf. rollout n. 1b.Sometimes with the implication of gradual or staged introduction.
ΚΠ
1954 Pop. Sci. June 102/1 General Motors' second most productive division has rolled out a real power package in this revival of a prewar speedster.
1967 Pop. Mech. May 91/1 Buckminster Fuller has rolled out his largest geodesic dome yet.
1989 DEC Professional Sept. 38/3 Digital has begun to roll out CDA applications.
1991 Independent 8 Oct. 25/3 Dixons..is also starting to roll out nationally a new training programme.
1997 Independent 1 July (Network Plus section) 6/3 This will be rolled out to other parts of Europe and Asia during the next 12 months.
2008 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 Nov. b1/6 Steep cost cuts have stymied the company's ability to roll out lower-end devices or newer email phones.
7. Computing.
a. transitive. To read the contents of (a counter) by causing it to count a series of pulses (see quots. 1954, 1962) . Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > use hardware [verb (transitive)] > operate on register
shift1946
to roll out1954
to roll in1962
1954 Computers & Automation Dec. 20/2 Roll out, to read out of a register or counter by the following process: add to the digits in each column simultaneously; do this 10 times (for decimal numbers); when the result in each column changes from 9 to 0, issue a signal.
1962 Gloss. Terms Automatic Data Processing (B.S.I.) 86 Roll out (to), for a counter which counts modulo n, to read its content by causing it to count a sequence of n pulses, determining at what stage in the sequence the content passes through zero.
b. transitive. To transfer from main memory to auxiliary storage when the main memory is required for another process.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > data > database > use data [verb (transitive)] > store > copy or transfer
read1940
to read out1946
copy1953
dump1956
list1958
recall1966
to roll out1969
import1977
upload1977
export1982
1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 435 When main memory is released by any program, or a task terminates and its space becomes available, a task that had been rolled out can be rolled in and restarted.
1980 B. C. Wonsiewicz Computer Automation of Materials Testing 162 ROM is used for..basic system programs such as those needed for start-up and memory initialization, and for those needed rolling (in and out) program overlays.
1993 B. Ries et al. in J. Volkert Parallel Computation 236 The entire job is suspended (rolled out) and a different job is resumed (rolled in).
2005 A. S. Godbole Operating Syst. (ed. 2) viii. 318 If some segments are rolled out on the disk from the memory relocation and the process of bringing it back to the main memory is fairly straightforward.
Categories »
8. intransitive. American Football. See sense 17.
1. intransitive. Of a period of time: to pass, elapse; to come to an end.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. v. l. 72 That the ȝong child..Thretty lang twelfmonthis rolling[1553 rowing] our sal ryng.
1700 A. Behn Unfortunate Bride 6 Thus they past on some time, while every day rowled over fair.
1771 Generous Husb. or Hist. Lord Lelius 74 Thus all matters being adjusted to mutual satisfaction, the years rolled over in transports.
1839 Operative 13 Jan. 5/4 Come then, and join the Movement..that will,—before 12 months roll over—place England once more in the eyes of all nations.
1868 Galveston iii. 38 All this, reader, took place in much less time than it has taken me to write, or you to read. Minutes rolled over.
1907 J. C. O'Hanlon & E. O'Leary Hist. Queen's County I. iv. i. 347 As centuries rolled over, its boundaries were reduced to a narrower compass.
2008 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 2 Sept. The year rolled over but the lad's stars showed no signs of looking up.
2.
a. intransitive. Of a person or animal lying down: to turn over from one position to another, with a different side uppermost.
ΚΠ
1759 W. Harte Hist. Life Gustavus Adolphus II. 160 The king was crushed by the fury of the stroke, for he lay covered in dirt and blood, and rolled over twice or thrice after he received the blow.
1790 Ann. Agric. 14 442 He [sc. the horse]..flung himself down on the floor, rolled over, groaned, laid for a few minutes on his back.
1854 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 9 209/1 When fat sheep roll over on their backs and cannot get up of themselves they are said to be lying awkward.
1871 G. MacDonald At Back North Wind xxxii. 319 He rolled over on his side to give his legs every possible privilege in their narrow circumstances.
1910 S. E. White in Sunset Apr. 421/1 Bob..rolled over twice with the rapid, vigorous twist second-nature to a seasoned half-back.
1988 D. Madden Birds of Innocent Wood ii. 30 Rolling over in bed, she had whispered into her pillow.
2005 M. Atwood Penelopiad vii. 45 Odysseus was not one of those men who, after the act, simply roll over and begin to snore.
b. transitive. To turn (a person or thing) over on the ground so that a different side is uppermost.
ΚΠ
1817 W. Mariner & J. Martin Acct. Natives Tonga Islands II. xx. 194 He now carefully rolls it over, so that the edges overlapping each other..come uppermost.
1869 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Feb. 164/1 I rolled over the stone, and found an old stave of a barrel.
1889 F. Moore Civil War in Song & Story 309/2 Many who had fired away their sixty rounds of ammunition would coolly roll over the dead and wounded to get their cartridges.
1916 Provisional Drill & Service Regulations for Field Artillery (U.S. War Dept.) IV. x. xii. 120 Roll the bundle over, pass the ends of the rope along the other side of the bundle.
1989 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 29 Apr. a1 The bomb was not discovered until investigators rolled the body over to examine it.
2007 A. Jacob et al. Clin. Nursing Procedures xii. 492 Carefully roll over the patient to prone position.
3. transitive. To cause (a person or animal) to fall over by shooting with a firearm. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1832 Calcutta Mag. July 381 The remaining barrel rolled him over within 15 yards, and I saw no more!
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. viii. 154 I got within range, and with a single ball I rolled him over in the dust.
1888 G. A. Henty Cornet of Horse xii Falling back under a tremendous fire, which rolled over men and horses.
1921 V. Stephansson Friendly Arctic xv. 155 This shot rolled him over and I took the story to be ended.
1943 R. C. Andrews Under Lucky Star xii. 120 A quick shot rolled him over but he was up again in a second.
4.
a. intransitive. To yield without resistance, esp. passively or obsequiously; to give in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > offer no resistance [verb (intransitive)] > give in
descend?a1400
to give up the girdlea1400
submita1525
to give over1530
subscribe1560
yield1576
come1607
to give in1616
to give the stoop1623
buckle1642
incumb1656
to knock under board, under (the) table1692
capitulate1714
to strike underc1730
knuckle down1735
cave1844
to throw (also chuck) up the sponge1860
incline1866
to give (it) best1878
give way1879
to roll over1919
1919 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 23 May 20/7 The Beavers were expected to roll over and play dead just as soon as the umpire yelled ‘play ball’.
1977 Washington Post 20 Jan. a19 The Senate..is in no mood to roll over for him now.
1990 T. H. Rawls Small Places i. 19 All you have to do is go before the legislature and say, ‘This is good for economic development,’ and they will roll over and give it away.
2007 Rugby World Mar. 42/4 He knows Italy's forwards will provide a stern test... ‘They certainly won't roll over,’ he says.
b. transitive. To defeat easily or resoundingly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat > easily
to eat (also have) (a person or thing) for breakfast1693
to walk over (the course)1823
to run (also make) rings round (also around)1875
to shut out1881
to walk away from1883
to walk round1901
to roll over1937
to walk (all) over (a person)1976
1937 Hammond (Indiana) Times 8 Oct. 1/1 The New York Yankees rolled over..the New York Giants,..5 to 1.
1981 Business Week (Nexis) 27 Apr. 149 Nofziger rolled over similar opposition to win a job..as head of the General Services Administration.
1993 San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 15 Oct. a25 The way we rolled over Iraq was a sight to instill fear in the boldest of our enemies.
2005 West Island Suburban (Canada) 26 Oct. 32/1 The North Shore Lions rolled over the Chateauguay Raiders 61-0.
c. intransitive. slang (originally U.S.). To inform on a person to the police; to act as an informer. Also with on.
ΚΠ
1972 J. Wambaugh Blue Knight ii. 36 I'll roll over on anybody if you give me a break.
1985 N. Pileggi Wiseguy 198 Werner had to roll over on the men he hired to do the robbery.
1996 Sydney Morning Herald 16 Mar. (Suppl.) 11/5 He was warning him not to ‘roll over’ and implicate others in corruption.
2006 Nuts 11 Aug. 44/1 He rolled over and spilled his water the minute he was taken into custody.
d. transitive. Cricket. Of a bowling side: to bowl (an opposing team or player) out for a low score.
ΚΠ
1974 Times 9 Feb. 14/5 Our friend the civil servant sounded him out with a couple of leg-breaks and then rolled him over with a googly.
1983 B. Willis & A. Lee Captain's Diary v. 93 If their three quick bowlers had used the first-day conditions, we might well have been rolled over even more rapidly.
2006 Guardian (Nexis) 22 Feb. 8 The home team were rolled over for 75 and England completed an emphatic win by 238 runs.
5.
a. transitive. Economics. To finance the repayment of (debt or maturing stock) by the issue of new stock.
ΚΠ
1957 Jrnl. Finance 12 52 Since the success of a refunding offer is measured in terms of the percentage of the maturing obligation which is ‘rolled over’ into the new issue, it is required that the Treasury tailor its terms to the needs of the market.
1959 Wall St. Jrnl. 27 Jan. 17/3 Government bond dealers said that they expect the Treasury to announce late this week its plans for refunding nearly $15 billion of Federal debt maturing next month. How the Treasury will roll over these securities is anybody's guess.
1976 Economist 16 Oct. 105/2 Even without any increase in interest rates since early April, 1976, the cost of servicing the national debt was bound to increase..from the need to roll over £2.8 billion of gilt-edged stock due to mature during the year.
2008 Independent (Nexis) 25 Sept. 46 If you include debt that has to be rolled over, the Government will have to sell some £100bn of stock in the next year.
b. transitive. Finance. To extend the period of maturity of (a debt), esp. on account of financial difficulties experienced by the borrower.
ΚΠ
1973 E. S. Mason & E. E. Asher World Bank since Bretton Woods vii. 213 Attempts..to persuade management that creditworthiness should be judged on the basis of the ability of a borrower to pay interest charges, and that normal procedure should be to ‘roll over’ debt when it came due, were doomed to failure.
1983 Fortune 28 Nov. 138/3 Loans that have been rolled over on easy terms obviously are worth less than their face value.
1997 Daily Tel. 31 Dec. 31/6 Leading Swiss and Dutch banks also said they would roll over South Korean debt due today.
2008 L. Pulliam Weston Easy Money vii. 129 Buyers who roll over debt have to pay higher interest rates as well.
6.
a. transitive. To carry over (prize money in a lottery) from one draw to the next, usually because the jackpot has not been won. Cf. rollover n. 2d.
ΚΠ
1982 PR Newswire (Nexis) 17 June The prize structure is determined by total weekly sales, the number of winners in each prize category, and the amount rolled over from the previous week.
1994 Daily Tel. 7 Nov. 7/2 If the jackpot is not won it will be ‘rolled over’ until the next week.
2003 N. Brownlee Everything you didn't need to know about UK 180 The UK Lotto jackpot was not won on 28 December so the amount was ‘rolled over’ to 2 January.
b. intransitive. Of prize money in a lottery: to be carried over from one draw to the next.
ΚΠ
1983 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 10 Nov. If no one has all the numbers, the jackpot rolls over and increases until someone gets all the numbers.
1990 Jrnl. Econ. Perspectives 4 116 If a drawing has no jackpot winner, the money in that jackpot rolls over into the jackpot for the next drawing.
2002 Sun 27 May 26/1 Our £1,000 jackpot hasn't been won since Wednesday and the total has rolled over to £4,000.
1. intransitive. Of a regular or due event or time: to arrive, come; to happen.
ΚΠ
1684 J. Dryden tr. Virgil in Misc. Poems 31 Saturnian times Rowl round again.
1720 W. R. Chetwood Voy. Capt. R. Falconer Pref. The Age of Gallantry I observe seems to roll round again.
1840 J. Keese in Wintergreen (1844) 159 And Pilgrim daughters on this isle..Will greet thy presence with a smile When Thanksgiving rolls round.
1868 Proc. & Deb. Constit. Convent. State N.Y. IV. 2554/4 The majority that apparently was had..is fast passing away, and will become..a beautiful minority before another election rolls round.
1918 I. S. Cobb Old Judge Priest ii. 58 [They] shall have covers and places provided for them when anniversary night rolls round.
1984 Economist (Nexis) 20 Oct. 46 Similar legislation is expected to be introduced.., aimed at taking effect by the time the lovely boating weather rolls round again.
2004 Waikato Times (Hamilton, N.Z.) (Nexis) 8 July (Business section) 1 Each year as summer rolls round Bartley..gears up for his busiest weeks.
2. intransitive. Of time or a period of time: to go by; to pass, elapse. Also transitive (reflexive).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
1684 T. Creech tr. Theocritus Idylliums 99 He stains red Altars with a Thousand Beasts As Months roul round, and bring the solem Feasts.
1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs ii. 128 The Year rolls round, and steals away The Breath that first it gave.
1781 J. Swain Coll. Poems 38 O may they still increase as time rolls round, And each new day with new-born joys crown'd.
1845 W. A. Caruthers Knights of Horse-shoe xxi. 85 Before another half century rolls round, the borders of this most magnificent of all inland seas will be sought for by travellers.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 45 As the year Roll'd itself round again to meet the day When Enoch had return'd.
1866 Rural Amer. (Utica, N.Y.) 15 Dec. 369/3 I am delighted with the Rural this year... The children, especially, are all very anxious to have the time roll round for the paper to come.
1910 A. Bierce Coll. Wks. V. 256 The years rolled round: His humble mound Sank to the level of the ground.
1945 P. Sargent Between Two Wars 528 As the centuries roll round, mankind, discovering new things that are true for him, puts the old and discarded behind.
2002 Church Times 27 Sept. 13/1 I've written about Michaelmas Goose before—how the years roll round!—but C. J. Jackson..offers a whole delicious Michaelmas menu.
1.
a. transitive. = sense 31a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up
wrapa1375
roll?a1425
wind?1523
to roll together1525
to roll up1530
fold1561
to wind up1590
furdel1594
to fold up1621
uproll1623
furla1657
telescope1844
concertina1891
accordion1897
1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. sig. G.ii/2 The vii. lernynge is that ye shall haue a substancyall bande of a yarde longe or more & of iiii fyngers brode and that you shall roll togyder saue ii handfull of the ende therwith begyn to bynde after the length of the heed.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. vi. 14 Heven vanysshed awaye, as a scroll when hitt is rolled togedder.
1603 A. Dent Ruine of Rome (Rev. vi. 12) 73 For there was neuer any time..that..the Starres fell from heauen; or the Heauens rolled together like a scrole.
1650 T. Hubbert Pilula 189 The very bowels of heaven been rowled together, and turned towards you.
1834 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 5 A cylinder of paper, formed of three quires, compactly rolled together, and kept in shape by paste.
1874 L. J. Kennaway Crusts 187 We rolled our packs roughly together, crossed the river below us on horse-back.
1897 K. Chopin Pair of Silk Stockings in Vogue 16 Sept. 192/1 Then she replaced her shoes, rolled the cotton stockings together and thrust them into her bag.
1958 W. Bickel tr. R. Hering Dict. Classical & Mod. Cookery 509 Sarmale, Saurkraut Rolls: ground beef and pork mixed with boiled rice,..wrapped in leaves of cabbage pickled in whole heads and rolled together.
2006 A. Davis-Gardner Plum Wine xxvii. 275 She watched him roll the copied papers together and tie them with the white twine.
b. intransitive. Of two or more parts or entities: to come together in a coil or ball; (of a single entity) to form into a coil or ball. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1603 T. Jackson Davids Pastorall Poeme i. 33 Whose bowels doe earne at the miseries of his saints, and his repentings rowle togither.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) v. xii. 433 The drying of the barke maketh it roll together.
1769 P. Miller Gardeners Kalendar (ed. 15) 50 Reeds are the best covers, especially when they are made up like mats to roll together.
1806 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. III. 138 A number of snakes in summer, rolling together, form themselves into a kind of mass with the saliva of their mouth.
1877 A. Green Life & Times 370 This earth must wax old and decay; but when we see it roll together as a scroll..we shall then behold a kingdom which cannot be moved.
1892 Med. World 10 28/1 I..twist each one lightly, fold it, twist again and let it roll together in a loose roll three inches long.
1913 E. G. Montgomery Corn Crops xxiii. 284 The leaves assume a rather erect position, rolling together to a considerable degree.
2002 L. Haney in M. Ashley Mammoth Bk. Egyptian Whodunnits 166 Muttering an oath, Bak let the ends of the scroll roll together, tossed it into a basket of similar documents, and scrambled to his feet.
2. transitive. See sense 23.
1. transitive. To wrap up; to envelop in a flexible material. Also figurative. Cf. sense 32.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)]
bewindOE
writheOE
windc1175
bewrap?c1225
lapa1300
umbelaya1300
umbeweave1338
wlappec1380
enwrapa1382
wrapa1382
inlap1382
envelop1386
forwrapc1386
hapc1390
umbeclapa1400
umbethonrea1400
umblaya1400
wapc1420
biwlappea1425
revolve?a1425
to roll up?a1425
roll?c1425
to roll ina1475
wimple1513
to wind up?1533
invest1548
circumvolve1607
awrap1609
weave1620
sheet1621
obvolve1623
embowdle1625
amict1657
wry1674
woold1775
overwrap1815
wrapper1885
wrapper1905
weve-
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 146v (MED) Leie aboue apon carpie ane oynement..and rolle vppe þe member and leue it vnremewed a daie and a nyȝt.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 341 His forspeikings..war..sa inuoluet and rowet vp in allegories & dark sentences.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida i. sig. B2 Could not the fretting sea Haue rowl'd me vp in wrinkles of his browe?
1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois iii. 31 Like a Rippiers legs rowl'd vp In bootes of haie-ropes.
1648 J. Mayne Amorous Warre iv. ii. 51 Methinkes I see 'em Rolling themselves up in their owne gold Lace, Like Urchines in their prickles.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iii. ii. 38 A Fundling..Right clean row'd up.
a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 262 Rolling it up dry in another clean cloth.
1784 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children 182 Keeping the fractured ends of the bones apposed to each other, without rolling up the arm so tight as to occasion pain.
1832 W. Stephenson Coll. Local Poems, Songs, &c. 59 One with feelings cried, ‘Hoots, hoots, Let's roll him up in wool’.
a1860 J. Younger Autobiogr. (1881) iv. 38 He rolled up his pipes, bag and all, in the blankets above him.
1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 16/2 I know how to get him [sc. a baby] in there... I'll roll him up in a bundle.
1970 G. Scott-Heron Vulture v. 188 We found his works rolled up in a sheet in the bureau.
2000 S. Fallon & M. Rothschild World Food: France (Lonely Planet Guide) 210 Fried small Vietnamese spring or egg roll eaten rolled up in a lettuce leaf with mint and fish sauce.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > recite [verb (intransitive)]
to roll up1528
repeat1579
recite1742
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. lxxxjv It is ynough, yf thou canst rowle vpp a payre of matenses or an evensonge & mummell a few ceremonies.
1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth xxii. f. 92v The boyes that are in the Church, answere all with one voyce, rowling it vp so fast, as their lippes can goe.
3.
a. transitive. = sense 31a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (reflexive)] > contract into ball
to roll up1530
round1862
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > fold up or roll up
wrapa1375
roll?a1425
wind?1523
to roll together1525
to roll up1530
fold1561
to wind up1590
furdel1594
to fold up1621
uproll1623
furla1657
telescope1844
concertina1891
accordion1897
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (transitive)] > coil round (something) > coil (something) round or upon itself
windc1325
wrap?1523
to roll up1530
wreathe1530
upwind1560
twist1582
twinec1585
circumvolute1599
bottom1612
rolla1616
overwhelm1634
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 537/1 I enrolle, I rolle up a writyng, or any other thyng rounde.
1590 ‘Pasquil’ First Pt. Pasquils Apol. sig. B2v Hauing giuen many hisses of the old serpent against his betters, in the Epistle to the treatise, in the treatise it selfe he begins to rolle vp his head within his scales.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 275 They take a Spyders-web, roling the same vppe on a round heape like a ball.
1609 B. Jonson Masque of Queens in Wks. (1616) 947 Make his bridle a bottome of thrid, To rowle up how many miles you haue rid.
1641 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1870) V. 637/2 He did sie a paper in Lieutenent Colonell Stewartis hand whiche wes rowed vp.
1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iv. 118 The Labels all rowled up to the main Stem.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Paste Afterwards spread it [sc. paste] upon a Dish,..and roll it up in large Rolls.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Leaf Instead of being plaited, they are rolled up.
1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 509 His colley, rowed up half-asleep.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xviii. 183 Rolling up his bed into a pillow.
1879 G. Gladstone in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 191/1 [The gold] is then..rolled up by hand into a spiral form.
1881 E. F. Poynter Among the Hills xii. 164 Cutting her thread with energy, she rolled up Nessie's socks, and began to examine another pair.
1930 W. S. Maugham Cakes & Ale xvi. 191 She did not put on her corsets again, but rolled them up and I wrapped them in a piece of newspaper.
1943 B. Smith Tree grows in Brooklyn xxxviii. 236 Sissy took a ball of stiff yellow dough, rolled it flat with the rolling-pin, then rolled the flat dough up like a jelly roll.
2000 N. Griffiths Grits (2001) 3 The foil, the brown powder, the five-pound note rolled up into a tube, the weak fluttering flame.
b. transitive (reflexive) and intransitive. Of an animal or person: to curl into a ball or coil; to tuck the outermost parts of the body tightly inward towards the centre, esp. for protection. Frequently with in, into (cf. to roll into —— 7 at Phrasal verbs 2).
ΚΠ
1626 N. Breton Fantasticks sig. B3 v The Hedgehogge rowles vp himselfe like a football.
1629 J. Mabbe tr. C. de Fonseca Deuout Contempl. v. 81 And therefore the Scripture stiles him Serpent, and a winding Snake, that rolls vp himselfe as it were in a circle.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 303 They all, when touched, contract themselves, rolling themselves up like a ball.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. iii. 106 They are covered in prickles, though..they do not defend themselves by rolling up in a ball.
1834 Penny Cycl. II. 353/2 Its..only defence when frightened or surprised, is to roll itself up.
1858 Harvard Mag. Dec. 415 Hedgehog-like, I roll myself up into a ball, until the sheets feel less like layers of ice, and begin to be comfortable.
1874 H. W. Jeffree Life xv. 88/2 The timid hare flies from the slightest sound, The hedgehog rolls up before danger's found.
1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xvii. 244 The body or thorax consisted of a large number of segments, which could move on each other, enabling the creatures to roll up like a modern wood louse.
1956 New Biol. 21 106 Many species [of Earthworms] survive unfavourable conditions by going into a state of diapause in which they roll themselves up into a tight ball.
2004 Scunthorpe Evening Tel. (Nexis) 10 Nov. 16 Having rolled itself up, nose to toes, to protect himself, these rotten, cruel children then use it for a football. It really is true.
c. intransitive. Of an object: to form into a curved or spiral shape; to curl up. Also with into.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (intransitive)] > curl
locker?c1475
crisp1583
to roll up1658
curl1694
coffer1725
scroll1868
frizzle1886
quirl1944
1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 39 Look behind, how her Tresses roule up with ropes of Pearle.
1716 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (ed. 4) II. 245 Which you may know by their Leaves lying down, rolling up, and wrinkling.
1753 W. Lewis New Dispensatory 106/1 The bark of the root is pretty thick..cut in slices and laid to dry, it rolls up into quills.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vi. 113 The flap of a limber saddle rolling up, and galling your calf.
1868 Pop. Sci. Rev. 7 31 The application of ether-spray to the tip of a leaf caused it to roll up on to the under side like a roll of paper.
1891 Wilson's Photogr. Mag. 28 262 If the silver solution does not run off smooth and uniform, and drops (tears) appear on the paper, then the paper rolled up in the drying.
1914 Camera Craft Jan. 41/1 The film of emulsion will soon start to leave the glass around the edges and a little coaxing with the finger or a soft stick will cause it to roll up towards the center and finally separate entirely.
1992 Sew News Dec. 68/2 Supported by the ‘stitch finger’, a metal prong that prevents even soft fabrics from rolling up.
Categories »
4. transitive. Scottish. See sense 18d.
5.
a. transitive. To fold the edge of (a sleeve or trouser leg) over on itself a number of times to shorten it. Also: to fold up the legs of (a pair of trousers) in this way. Cf. to roll up one's sleeves at Phrases 5, rolled-up adj. 1b.
ΚΠ
1713 Acct. South-west Barbary vii. 92 As soon as he has rolled up the Sleeves of his Shirt, he thrusts his Arms into the Dish up to his Elbows.
1829 A. S. Mackenzie Year in Spain i. 23 He rolled his sleeves up, chose a mask and foil, and was ready to step into the arena.
1859 Russell's Mag. Oct. 51/1 He rolled up his sleeves and arranged an admirable cameo-coiffure.
1871 Lady M. A. Barker Christmas Cake in Four Quarters iv. ii. 262 The trews were hard to manage, but 'Phairson wears 'em with gaiters, and I rolls 'em up.
1895 T. G. Selby Chinaman in his own Stories vi. 143 Rolling up his trousers and turning up the sleeves of his inner garment, he seized hold of one of the spades.
1912 M. Johnston Cease Firing xxxiii. 359 Sitting there he rolled up his trouser leg.
1944 Life 28 Aug. 65/2 When college girls took to riding bicycles in slacks, they first rolled up one trouser leg, then rolled up both.
2007 D. Leitch Autobiogr. Donovan 25 I..lay on the sand, rolled up my jeans, put my Breton cap over my face, and sunbathed.
b. transitive. To pull up (an item of clothing, esp. a sock). Cf. roll-up n. 1a.
ΚΠ
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. ii. 74 The most venerable figure I had ever set my eyes on—tall and erect, with..stockings rolled up over his knees.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xlviii. 523 He wore knee breeches and a kind of leggings rolled up over his silk stockings.
1911 Outing Mar. 709/2 Just before the play commenced they rolled up their heavy woolen stockings over the knee.
1996 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) (Nexis) 10 Apr. 31 The only time we wear our kneesocks up is when the principal is coming around. We go, ‘Roll up your socks! Mrs. Cornyn's in the building!’
6. transitive. Military. To drive the flank of (an enemy line) back and round so that the line is shortened or surrounded.
ΚΠ
1798 G. F. Koehler tr. C. de Warnery Remarks on Cavalry x. 86 Should the incorporated cavalry quit the line to charge, the battalions would be left with too large intervals, which the enemy would not fail to enter, and roll them up by the flanks.
1845 E. Cotton Voice from Waterloo (1849) xi. 199 Why did not Blücher, to use the language of two excellent military writers, roll up the French army as Pakenham's division did at Salamanca?
1895 United Service Mag. July 429 The overwhelming force..could not fail to..roll up the Egyptian Army from that point.
1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 221 Then the Winged Hats began to roll us up from each end of the wall.
1944 Amarillo (Texas) Daily News 23 Nov. 1/5 Capture of these critical defenses..placed the Americans in position to roll up the whole Yamashita defense front.
1985 S. E. Ambrose Pegasus Bridge iii. 47 If Rommel..launched an all-out counterattack against the exposed flank of 3d Division, he might well roll up the entire invading force, division by division.
2005 J. D. Wert Sword of Lincoln v. 97 The Confederates would strike Porter's corps at Mechanicsville and roll up the Union army's right flank.
7.
a. intransitive. To congregate, gather, assemble. Originally and frequently in imperative as a showman's cry, esp. repeated in roll up, roll up! Cf. roll-up n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of people or animals
gathera975
ensemblea1300
drawc1300
semble1389
herd1393
assemblea1400
routa1400
sanka1400
trume?a1400
musterc1425
convene1429
resemblea1450
to draw together1455
forgather1513
accompany1534
troop1565
congregate1570
to get together1575
parliament?1589
accoil1590
join1706
to roll up1817
congressa1850
to round up1879
1817 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 178/2 Bawling out with the tone and gestures of raree show men, ‘Bowl up! Bowl up!—Roll up, lads! Roll up!—Here's your Parliament Reform!—Roll up! Roll up!’
1861 Miner & Gen. Advertiser (Lambing Flat) 20 Feb. 3/2 ‘Roll up! Roll up!’ is the general watchword of the miners on the diggings.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right I. viii. 206 They would ‘roll up’ so successfully that a crowd..would, on the appointed day, be seen marching..down the main street.
1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. v. 863 The sight..clouded his face with the memory of the girls from the American Embassy in Madrid who had rolled up the day before.
1977 Economist (Nexis) 19 Nov. 55 (headline) Roll up, roll up, for the Sadat-Begin show.
2000 W. Magee Phantom's Fang-tastic Show 9 Roll up! Roll up for Spectres! Roll up for Apparitions! Come in and see the Gremlins—all sizes, shapes, conditions.
b. intransitive. Of a vehicle or its occupants: to approach or arrive.
ΚΠ
1822 European Mag. & London Rev. Dec. 550/1 Carriage after carriage rolled up.
1852 C. Barter Dorp & Veld 17 A second wagon rolled up, on the voorkist of which I at once recognized our man.
1947 Manch. Guardian Weekly 30 Oct. 8/3 Great and glossy cars rolled up in smooth procession.
1962 J. F. Powers Morte d'Urban 218 Some shirtless youths in an old car rolled up from behind him.
1992 D. F. Gates Chief ii. 22 An old-time beat officer rolled up, got out of the car, and said, ‘What is it, kid?’
2004 New Yorker 22 Nov. 73/3 One morning, two black Cadillacs, sharky with finnage, rolled up.
c. intransitive. To arrive, turn up; to appear on the scene.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive
comeOE
to come to townOE
yworthOE
lend11..
lightc1225
to come anovenonc1275
wina1300
'rivec1300
repaira1325
applyc1384
to come ina1399
rede?a1400
arrivec1400
attainc1400
alightc1405
to come to handc1450
unto-comec1450
apport1578
to be along1597
to drop in1609
to come ona1635
to walk in1656
land1679
engage1686
to come along1734
to get in1863
to turn up1870
to fall in1900
to lob1916
to roll up1920
to breeze in1930
to rock up1975
1920 G. Bell Let. 24 Oct. (1927) II. xix. 567 When the Mayor of Bagdad rolled up at 9 or the Naqib sent his son Saiyid Mahmud I was obliged to ‘endosser’ dressing-gown and go out to see them.
1929 ‘Sapper’ in Legion Bk. 214 The man hasn't rolled up yet, but he won't be long.
1968 M. Woodhouse Rock Baby xxiv. 232 They had to wait for me to roll up because I had the D.F. set, which meant I was the only one who could pin it down precisely.
2003 G. Burn North of Eng. Home Service (2004) iv. 115 On most days, ‘the motley throng’..would have gathered around the whisky cabinet in his inner sanctum by the time he rolled up.
8. transitive. U.S. To accumulate, amass; esp. to secure (a large number of votes, a majority, etc.) in an election.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate
heapc1000
tassea1400
aggregate?a1425
grossc1440
amass1481
accumulatec1487
accumule1490
exaggerate1533
cumulate1534
compile1578
pook1587
mass1604
hilla1618
congeriate1628
agglomerate1751
pile1827
to roll up1848
1848 O. C. Gardiner Great Issue iv. 88 [They] rolled up an unprecedented majority of 2800 against Governor Wright.
1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. v. 443 An infamous peculator..rolling up a fortune with great rapidity by his shameless traffic in benefices, charges, offices.
1890 J. K. Hosmer Anglo-Saxon Freedom 360 The enormousness of the might which the autocrat of all the Russias is so rapidly rolling up.
1900 Congress. Rec. 23 Jan. 1103/2 They answered them by rolling up a plurality of 5,665 votes for the member from Utah out of a total of 67,805.
1951 Sun (Baltimore) 19 June 7/3 In the state elections of Lower Saxony..the SRP rolled up nearly 400,000 votes.
1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 4 July 11- a/1 The powerful PRI has always rolled up massive victories in every election during the past half century.
1996 Sun (Baltimore) 19 May 17/3 The Greyhounds rolled up 159.5 points to easily defeat Mount St. Joseph.
1999 M. F. Holt Rise & Fall Amer. Whig Party (2003) i. 18 Jackson rolled up an astounding 88 percent of the popular vote.
ΚΠ
1854 W. C. Bryant Poems 326 As the slow wind is rolling up the storm.
1892 K. Lentzner Dict. Slang-Eng. of Austral. 14 The feel of the grit with which the wind charges itself as it rolls up the [dust] storm.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (transitive)] > belch
yeska1522
bolka1535
rasp1587
rift1601
outbelch1602
to roll up1897
burp1940
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 474 He..sits up in bed, and rolls up wind, belching it forth boisterously for many minutes.
11. transitive. To arrange the affairs of and dissolve (an enterprise); to bring (an operation or activity) to a conclusion; to wind up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)]
enda1340
finisha1400
conclude1526
to get through1589
get1594
dispatcha1616
to shut up1626
to wind up1631
finale1797
to top off1836
to top up1837
through1894
to roll up1963
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)] > bring to a final settlement
to wind up1780
to roll up1963
1963 ‘J. le Carré’ Spy who came in from Cold iii. 24 He had made a mistake in Berlin, and..his network had been rolled up.
1980 Sun (Baltimore) 27 Feb. a6/6 We had to prevent business from being rolled up and put in the trash basket by that [i.e. the 94th] Congress.
1990 Time 23 Apr. 42/2 Last month Markus Wolf..went to the Soviet Union, presumably to help the kgb roll up the East German operations.
2001 Chicago Tribune 24 Sept. i. 2/4 Now, I'm not talking about people who get killed as we try to roll up terrorist operations. That's self-defense. That's war.
12. Finance (chiefly British).
a. transitive. To allow deferred payment of (interest) on a mortgage or other loan by its addition to the overall debt due at a later date. Cf. roll-up adj. 2b.
ΚΠ
1982 M. Reid Secondary Banking Crisis, 1973–5 v. 65 To ‘roll up’ interest on developments—postpone payment of it until the new building was finished and let.
1989 Which? Apr. 205/2 No capital is paid back until death, and normally no interest either—instead it's ‘rolled up’ and added to the amount you owe.
1997 Investors Chron. 19 Sept. 36/2 If a client were to lose their job, we would..roll up the interest for the next 12 months to give them breathing space.
2007 Independent 18 July (Property section) 18/4 A lifetime mortgage is one where the interest is rolled up and paid out of your estate when you die.
b. transitive. To reinvest (the dividend or interest) gained on an investment in order to increase the capital value of the investor's holding, as in a roll-up fund. Cf. roll-up adj. 2a.
ΚΠ
1984 Listener 5 Apr. 4/3 The money would be placed in a portfolio of various currencies and profits reinvested or rolled-up back into the fund.
1988 Investors Chron. 8 Jan. 30/1 The interest is then either distributed—as in a ‘distributor’ fund—or ‘rolled up’ in the unit price in an ‘accumulator’ fund.
1991 Financial Times 20 Mar. 53/4 Domestic funds..which allow investors to roll up dividend income free of tax.
2008 Independent Save & Spend (Nexis) 21 June 10 The dividends can be rolled up to increase the total return.
PV2. With prepositions in specialized senses.† to roll against —— † 2. intransitive. To dabble or speculate in stocks. Obsolete. rare. to roll into —— † 1. intransitive. = to roll in —— 1a at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. rare.† 4. transitive. To form (the brow) into wrinkles. Obsolete. rare. † 8. intransitive. Australian. To attack (a person) in a fight. Obsolete.† 9. intransitive. Of a ship: to pitch gently towards the wind. Obsolete. rare. to roll off —— † to roll on ——
Obsolete. rare.
to roll in —— intransitive. To complain about (a subject) vehemently or without restraint.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > speak against something
to roll against ——1572
1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta Ded. sig. Bj Persons, whose toungues too readily roole sometime against other mens painfull trauells.
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 82 To pour..out their..rhetoric, and..ryally to roule and revelle against God's owne..commandment.
1. .
a. intransitive. To exult or indulge in (something); spec. to take delight or pleasure in (something normally considered negative or undesirable). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice over or at [verb (transitive)]
overjoya1382
rejoicec1425
to roll in ——?a1500
joy1596
to roll into ——1602
congratulatea1631
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Lion & Mouse l. 1602 in Poems (1981) 63 Ane lord..Rolland in warldlie lust and vane plesance.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 216 Hearyng one other rhetoritian rolling in his peinted termes, and tellyng his tale after this curious sorte.
1568 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Bannatyne) l. 794 in Wks. (1931) II. 72 Ane prince of pissance..Rolland in his rage.
1575 G. Gascoigne Certayne Notes Instr. in Posies sig. T.ij It is not inough to roll in pleasant woordes.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 86 Rowling in brutish vices. View more context for this quotation
1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David cxxiii. 4 While they grow proud by our distress And roll in Ease.
1743 C. Yorke in Warburton's Unpubl. Papers (1841) 140 A man would not do amiss to shut up his books; and without the least renitence roll in the vortex of dulness.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. ix. 310 The authors roll in luxury on the devastation of mankind.
1846 R. E. Hendriks Charlotte Corday iii. 22 How the seraphs above must gaze loathingly upon this our world of strife; the clouds seem to melt in tenderness, but we are rolling in the gore of war.
1901 J. Curtin tr. E. Orzeszkowa Argonauts iv. 84 Roll in sin, like the devil in pitch, and then scream that it burns!
1910 Scribner's Mag. July 122/1 They go home to..England, to say that American women are rolling in idleness and luxury.
b. intransitive. colloquial. To have plenty of (something, esp. money). Chiefly in progressive tenses. Cf. sense 26.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > be rich [verb (intransitive)] > be very rich
wallowa1400
to roll in ——1573
to stink of (or with) money1877
roll1883
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 11 Away with such lubbers..that roules in expenses, but neuer no gayne.
1677 Lovers Quarrel 153 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 259 In gold and silver thou shalt row.
1734 Norfolk Gamester 8 A Sharper grown so great; Who by foul Play could roll in Gold.
1773 J. Wesley Wks. (1830) XIII. 83 The English Methodists..do not roll in money, like the American Methodists.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. x. 109 Rolling in wealth which you do not want.
1861 Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 257/1 Who ever heard of an Indian civilian who was not rolling in wealth, pomp, and power?
1877 Gleanings Bee Culture Oct. 273/2 There is now a great flow of honey, for I find one hive has made 40 Ibs in 10 days... They are rolling in honey now.
1948 D. Thomas Let. 17 Nov. (1987) 692 When I last saw you, at Brighton time, I was rolling in ready cash. Now I have to roll on credit.
1954 B. Schulberg On the Waterfront 22 J.P. Condolences. How you fixed fer cabbage this mornin'? Nolan. Oh me 'n m' chums're rollin' in the stuff.
1999 C. Grimshaw Provocation xv. 233 She steals to order. They're rolling in money. Videos, TVs, anything not nailed down.
c. intransitive. In progressive tenses with it. To be extremely wealthy.
ΚΠ
1893 M. F. Hungerford Nor Wife Nor Maid viii. 76 I was merely going to say that his first wife was a woman of enormous wealth, rolling in it, I've heard.
1918 Times 22 May 3 He will either answer concisely, ‘Rolling in it’, or say quite definitely, ‘The people are earning more money than they know what to do with.’
1982 A. Brookner Providence (1985) i. 15 ‘Milady Maule,’ observed the head of department's secretary. ‘Must be rolling in it.’
2000 Independent 10 Apr. ii. 1/4 I think he's quite forgotten what it is like not to be rolling in it.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)]
to roll in ——1711
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 49. ⁋5 He lends, at legal Value, considerable Sums, which he might highly increase by rolling in the Publick Stocks.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice over or at [verb (transitive)]
overjoya1382
rejoicec1425
to roll in ——?a1500
joy1596
to roll into ——1602
congratulatea1631
1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. D Ane Prince of great puissance, Quhom ȝoung men hes in gouernance Rolland into his rage.
2. transitive. To compress into a flattened or smooth form with a roller. Cf. sense 5a, to roll out 1a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > make smooth [verb (transitive)] > by rolling
rolla1325
to roll into ——1616
re-roll1816
roller1830
1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) 423 Being come to a paste, take it out of the mortar, and rowle it forth into verie thin cakes.
1670 H. Wolley Queen-like Closet i. xlii. 34 Knead to a stiff Paste, rowl it into thin Cakes, and prick them.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Andouillet, minced Veal with Bacon and other Ingredients roll'd into a Paste.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xix. 222 The rollers of the press employed for laminating metals are turned by machinery... In this manner lead, copper, and silver, are rolled into plates.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Steel-mill maker, a manufacturer of forge tilts, or rolling mills, for hammering steel into bars, or rolling it into sheets.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxiv. 655 The metal can be rolled into foil.
1996 Washington Post (Nexis) 23 Oct. e1 Roll one half of dough into a strip 12 inches long and 1/2 inch thick.
3. transitive. To form (dough, clay, or another malleable substance) into a more or less cylindrical or spherical shape by compressing and rotating it on a surface, between the hands, etc. Cf. sense 18a.
ΚΠ
1633 S. Bradwell Helps for Suddain Accidents ii. 10 Formed and rowled into Pills of a fit bignesse for the Patient to swallow.
1668 Excellency of Pen & Pencil i. iii. 12 Mix..together with fair Water till it be stiff like Clay or Dough; then take it and rowl it between your hands into long pieces.
1741 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman May xiv. 135 It [sc. the butter] is drawn over again;..then weighed into Pounds, and rolled into long Rolls.
1849 H. Rose Pract.Treat. Chem. Anal. II. liii. 682 One part of spongy platinum is mixed with four of clay, and the whole is rolled into a ball.
1888 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 6 July 9/2 When rolled into a ball the putty may be squeezed between the thumb and forefinger without cracking at the edge.
1901 L. B. Kander Way to Man's Heart i. 6 Cracker or Matzos Balls... Moisten with a little soup, add parsley and salt. Roll into marbles and boil in the soup.
1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 11 Dec. 62 It is highly seasoned with soy sauce, garlic and the like..and rolled into a long sausage shape, then grilled.
2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons iii. ii. 222 Nancy mashed pinto beans and mixed them with cornmeal and wood-ash lye and rolled the mixture between her palms into little loaves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [verb (transitive)] > contract or relax
knitc1405
strain1556
unknit1566
unpleat1572
unfret1594
unplaitc1595
smooth1597
uncontract1628
plait1642
to roll into ——1656
unbend1718
gather1790
knot1844
1656 A. Cowley Davideis i. 6 in Poems Thrice did he knock his iron teeth, thrice howl, And into frowns his wrathful forehead rowl.
5. transitive. To curl, coil, or wind (something flexible) into a more or less cylindrical or spherical shape. Cf. sense 31a.
ΚΠ
1663 H. Savage Dew of Hermon viii. 31 Hair that..is speckled like snakes, ravel'd into philtres, and rowled into tresses like serpents.
1742 J. Martyn & E. Chambers tr. Philos. Hist. & Mem. Royal Acad. Sci. Paris II. 360 Pipes..made of sheet-lead rolled into a tube, and afterwards soldered.
1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 222 A copper and zinc plate, each fifty feet long and two wide, rolled into a coil.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxix. 282 Chesney Wold is shut up, carpets are rolled into great scrolls in corners of comfortless rooms.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1771/1 The slow port-fire consists of paper impregnated with saltpeter and rolled into a solid cylinder about sixteen inches long.
1951 S. H. Bell December Bride ii. v. 132 Frank..walked slowly towards Hamilton, rolling the rope into a large prickly ball.
1991 S. Cisneros Woman Hollering Creek 138 Flavio entered my life via a pink circular rolled into a tube and wedged in the front gate curlicue.
2004 Do-It-Yourself Retailing (Nexis) 1 Aug. 73 To rag-roll, a cloth is rolled into a sausage shape of varying tightness, then lightly dipped into the glaze and rolled gently across the base coat.
6. transitive. See sense 23, to roll into one at Phrases 3.
7. transitive (reflexive) and intransitive. Of an animal or person: to curl into a ball or coil; to tuck the outermost parts of the body tightly inward towards the centre, esp. for protection. Cf. to roll up 3b at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
c1830 J. Clare in Nat. Hist. Prose Writings (1983) 74 Spiders will coil up their legs & lie still & the hog beetle will roll itself into a round ball & scarcely open if laid by a fire.
1844 T. Hood Haunted House ii, in Hood's Mag. Jan. 6 The wood-louse dropped, and rolled into a ball.
1860 J. W. Warter Sea-board & Down II. 298 They shut themselves up like hedgehogs, or roll themselves into a ball.
1870 N. H. Bishop Pampas & Andes (ed. 3) ix. 148 The Apar, commonly called mataco..has the power of rolling itself into a perfect sphere.
1906 J. London White Fang ii. ii. 70 The porcupine rolled itself into a ball, radiating long, sharp needles in all directions that defied attack.
1978 G. B. Williams Pest Extermination Handbk. vi. 119 The pillbug can roll itself into a tight ball.
1997 W. Self Great Apes (1998) xv. 282 With these last, guttural vocalisations..the former artist slumped to the floor, rolled into a foetal pod, and commenced spraying.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make attack [verb (intransitive)]
onreseeOE
onslayc1275
entera1425
to be upon (also on) a person's jack1588
endeavour?1589
to fall aboard1591
to let fly1611
strikea1616
to lift (up) the hand(s, (occasionally one's arm)1655
to fall on board (of)1658
tilt1708
to walk into ——1794
to run in1815
to peg it1834
to sail in1856
to wade in1863
to light in1868
to roll into ——1888
to make for ——1893
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms I. xxi. 285 I'd a mind to roll into him once or twice, and I should too only for his being your property like.
1895 Northern Territory Times & Gaz. (Palmerston, Austral.) 15 Feb. 231/5 The prosecutor swore that prisoner owed him £5, and upon his going to prisoner's house and asking for payment, Yap Kee rolled into him, and that after they had had a bit of a scrimmage.
1902 H. Lawson Children of Bush (1907) 165 [He] took off his coat and rolled up his sleeves, ready, as he said afterwards, ‘to roll into’ either the father or the son if one raised a hand against the other.
ΚΠ
1901 Scribner's Mag. 29 500/1 They talk about her bein' a summer-weather boat and all that sort of foolishness, but I know better... Put her kites on and let her roll into it [sc. the gale].
intransitive. Originally U.S. Of a product: to come off (an assembly line, press, etc.), after being manufactured or printed. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1906 Washington Post 9 Apr. 2/4 This information will be withheld until the papers roll off the press on the morning of April 23.
1933 Pop. Mech. Oct. 506/2 It is possible to zinc-plate the gears and make them better than they were when the car rolled off the assembly line.
1975 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 May 7 The first production run will see 400 wood chip freight cars roll off the assembly line.
1990 Apollo July 46/1 [They] felt themselves to be creators of objects of spiritual value in opposition to those homogeneous products of the Socialist Realists seemingly rolling off the conveyor belt.
2001 I. Sinclair Landor's Tower (2002) i. iv. 46 Celibacy, revenge, litigation would arrive years later as the reminiscences of bat-crazy divas began to roll off the presses.
Obsolete.
† to roll upon —— 1. intransitive. Of a period of time: to succeed or follow (another). Also with round (cf. to roll round 2 at Phrasal verbs 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > ensue or come next [verb (intransitive)]
followOE
succeedc1450
ensue1485
supervene1636
survene1666
to roll on ——1681
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iv. ii. 60 Years roule round on years, And Joys in Circles meet new Joys again.
1823 J. Bird Poet. Mem. 78 Hour rolled on hour—long day succeeded day.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice III. ix. ii. 103 Still day rolled on day, and no tidings.
1862 E. Sawers Thoughts New-year's Day in Under Cloud (1967) 250 Years roll on years, And pass as swift as childhood's tears.
2. intransitive. To focus or centre on (a subject); to deal with or discuss (something). Also (of an idea or theory): to hinge or depend on something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > result [verb (intransitive)] > depend
depend1413
rest1530
penda1540
stay1549
to consist by1567
consist1588
suspend1608
to roll on ——1707
hinge1719
pivot1872
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > be occupied with a topic [verb (intransitive)]
to be abouta1400
to run on ——a1400
to run upon ——c1443
to speak unto ——1639
to roll upon ——1702
to roll on ——1763
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 140 The whole Secret of the Multiplication of Corn rouls on Nitre, which has the greatest Effect on all Corn-Lands.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 231 His whole Treatise of Nature rouls only on this Point.
1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music §4. 37 Their Songs rowl principally on the great Actions and Events which concern their own Nation.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain I. ii. 36 Our conversation rolled chiefly on literary and political subjects.
1893 Idler 3 505 Of course, after this, the conversation rolled on some of his principal works.
transitive; = to roll on —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > be occupied with a topic [verb (intransitive)]
to be abouta1400
to run on ——a1400
to run upon ——c1443
to speak unto ——1639
to roll upon ——1702
to roll on ——1763
1702 J. Dennis Comical Gallant Ep. Ded. sig. a3v The discourse, which now every where turns upon Interest, rolled then upon the Manners and Humours of Men.
1884 V. Lee Miss Brown III. viii. iii. 181 The conversation rolled upon various indifferent subjects.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† rollv.3
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To record (a statement, fact, judgement, etc.), esp. in an official roll or register. Also intransitive.In quot. c1400 in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > record in writing [verb (transitive)] > enter on record
writeOE
setc1175
embreve?c1225
enrolc1350
enter1389
rollc1400
enact1467
act1475
enchroniclea1513
ascribe1532
re-enter1535
to put down1574
register1597
inscroll1600
emologea1639
spread1823
to book in1860
to sign on1879
log1889
sign1894
to sign out1916
to sign in1924
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. l. 278 (MED) I can þe nouȝte assoille Til þow make restitucioun..And sithen þat resoun rolle [c1425 Huntington rollyd] it in þe regystre of heuene.
c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) 92 (MED) That is but fantasy of this world As yt is yn many boke rold.
a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) 191 He rolleth in his recordes, He sayth, How saye ye, my lordes? Is nat my reason good?
1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Ballivus Quhen the Compter is charged..conforme to ane former compt, rolled of before.
1665 in Rothesay Town Council Rec. (1935) I. 101 In causa John Mwir contra Neill M'Neill callit et rowit pro primo.
2. transitive. To write (a name) on a list or register; to enrol.In quot. c1440: to acknowledge (a person) to be something.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > register or record book > register [verb (transitive)]
book?c1225
descrivec1325
registera1393
rollc1440
describea1475
regestc1475
act1492
enregister1523
registrate1570
to book up1577
matriculate1586
imbook1587
muster1587
immatriculate1602
imbreviate1609
re-register1807
to check in or out1918
society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)] > enter in list
billc1305
enrolc1350
putc1436
rollc1440
inbill1461
book1548
cataloguize1609
billet1610
enschedulea1616
catalogize1632
catalogue1635
list1658
schedule1862
handlist1888
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2641 (MED) My name es sir Gawayne..Cosyn to þe conquerour..And rollede the richeste of all þe rounde table!
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 24v (MED) Newe werryours oweþ to ben tauȝt..how þey schulde in tyme of werre sette her scheltrun in ordinaunce and aftir þe ordre þat þay ben rolled.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 6179 Off archeris þar assemblit weyr Twenty thoussande, þat rollit war.
1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 16 To pas to Lauder.., and ressave the saidis musteris..and to roll thair names.
1651 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. for Year (1678) i. 138 None of you all..ever entered into this house of Pleasure, but he..had his name roll'd in the chamber of Death.
a1658 J. Durham Blessedness of Death (1713) 14 How to get themselves rolled on the everlasting covenant for salvation.
1751 H. Brooke To Mem. Col. Henry Clements in R. Dodsley Coll. Poems (ed. 3) II. 134 Snatch forth my name, and roll it with the brave.
1790 A. Wilson Poems 174 And roll in the records of Fame, Thy bosom foe a—Louse.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1?c1225
n.21602
v.1c1300v.2a1325v.3c1400