Rivieran.

Brit.

/ˌrɪvɪˈɛːrə/, U.S.

/ˌrɪviˈɛrə/,

/rəvˈjɛrə/

Forms: 1600s Riuiera, 1600s– Riviera. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian riviera.

Etymology: < Italian riviera coast, shore (see river n.¹), specifically the Ligurian coast (1322 in la Genovese riviera, a1334 in la riviera di Genova, a1412 used independently) and the Côte d'Azur (19th cent.; also with capital initial). Compare French la Rivière de Gênes the Riviera of Genoa (end of the 14th cent. in Middle French as le rivière de Gennes; probably < Italian).In eastern Riviera and western Riviera in quot. 1766 at sense 1a after Italian Riviera di Levante and Riviera di Ponente respectively (both a1348), literally ‘Riviera of the East’ and ‘Riviera of the West’ (compare Levant n.¹, ponent n.).

1. With the.

a. The coast of the Republic of Genoa, broadly corresponding to the Gulf of Genoa. Frequently in Riviera of Genoa. Cf. river n.¹ 4. Now rare (chiefly historical after the 18th cent.).The Republic of Genoa ceased to exist in 1797 and was replaced by the Ligurian Republic, which itself survived only until 1805. The notion of the Riviera of Genoa was gradually absorbed into the newly-developing sense 1b, being largely co-extensive with the Italian Riviera.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > the Riviera

river of Genoa1549

Riviera1632

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 25 The Riuiera of Genoa, along the Mediterrean sea.

1662 J. Dauncey Eng. Lovers ii. 20 About a twelvemoneth, as I said, being past in the pleasures of Genoua and the Riviera, I received Letters from my Father, commanding me to attend him.

1766 J. Northall Trav. through Italy vi. ii. 471 The dominions of this State consist of the countries extending along the sea-coast, on both sides, from the city of Genoa, which are called the eastern and western Rivieras. This word in Italian signifies a strand.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 426/2 The people of Genoa revolted..and reduced a great part of the Riviera.

1839 R. P. Gillies Palmario I. Notes 234 The Riviera of Genoa, in its fullest sense, comprehended and still comprehends that narrow portion of country anciently called Liguria,..situated between the Appennine mountains and..the Gulph of Genoa... More strictly speaking, however, the Riviera is the shore of the Genoese territory extending from the river Varo to the river Magra.

1865 T. A. Trollope Hist. Commonw. Florence II. v. v. 445 The contest on the Riviera of Genoa was carried on mainly by means of the allies of the Commonwealth.

1939 S. de Madariaga Christopher Columbus iii. 25 Eating and drinking..in that Genoese riviera so sunny and full of the joy of existence.

1973 F. C. Lane Venice, Maritime Republic vii. 84 By these terms Venice recognized Genoese primacy over all its Riviera and Genoa recognized Venetian lordship over its ‘Gulf’.

b. The Mediterranean coastal region of south-eastern France and north-western Italy between Marseilles and La Spezia, famous for its beauty, mild climate, and fashionable resorts; (now also) spec. the Côte d'Azur, the section of this coastline in eastern Provence which includes the resorts of Cannes, Nice, and Antibes.The Riviera is now taken to comprise the Italian Riviera, largely corresponding to the old Riviera of Genoa (see sense 1a), but sometimes extended as far as Livorno, and the French Riviera, often treated as equivalent to the Côte d'Azur, but also extended to Marseilles and including resorts such as Cassis and Hyères.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > France or Frankish land > [noun] > south of France

South of France1681

Riviera1846

Midi1859

1846 J. T. Headley Lett. from Italy x. 39 On the right stretched away the beautiful riviera towards Nice, sprinkled with villages.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. Oct. (1956) IV. 111 I shall imagine you winding along the Riviera, and then settling in sight of beautiful things.

1882 A. Smith (title) The garden of Hyères: a description of the most southern point on the French Riviera.

1906 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 15 Feb. 135/2 Enormous quantities of flowers from the South of France and the Italian Riviera are arriving at Dover daily.

1909 C. F. G. Masterman Condition of Eng. ii. 57 In Biarritz, Pau, Dinard—he might have said in the whole côte d'azur of the Riviera—‘the English have conquered us’, he declares.

1921 L. Merrick Chair on Boulevard xiv. 270 The Italian Riviera was awake again after the heat of the summer.

1953 Jet 19 Nov. 43 (caption) Joy-riding near Cannes on the French Riviera, ex-New York socialite Jay Clifford..lolls on the racing boat of sun-bathing Prince Bira.

1978 Times 18 Mar. 11/1 The Riviera or Cote d'Azur has a special affinity with the English who apart from the Romans were its first holidaymakers.

1998 R. Prigozy in F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby Introd. p. x He completed the novel on the Riviera in the summer of 1924.

2004 T. Jones French Riviera v. 105 Nice is the capital city—and cradle—of the Riviera.

2. In extended use. Any coastal or waterside region considered to resemble the Mediterranean Riviera.

a. With the, and usually with modifying word or words.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near coast > [noun] > as resort

seaside1782

Riviera1865

beachfront1921

1865 H. Alford Poet. Wks. (ed. 4) 1 ‘The School of the Heart’ was written..mostly during vacation sojournings and rambles on the beautiful riviera of the North Somersetshire coast.

1891 M. F. Sweetser King's Handbk. U.S. 175 The old convents and churches..and the yachting in the adjacent waters, furnish a great variety of interest for visitors to the American Riviera.

1910 Bradshaw's Railway Guide Apr. 1126 Lyme Regis, Dorset. Hotel Alexandra... The only hotel in its own grounds in the English Riviera.

1922 P. G. Wodehouse Girl on Boat xvii. 307 ‘Why not Cornwall?’ said Sam. ‘The Riviera of England!’

1934 C. Hamilton Mod. Russia as seen by Englishwoman xiii. 143 On the Black Sea Riviera,..the only town of any note is Yalta.

1996 P. Godwin Mukiwa xi. 199 They proudly called this [sc. the Kariba dam resort] the Rhodesian Riviera, and lots of people came here for their holidays.

2004 S. R. Kelleher Frommer's Irel. iv. 143 The upscale ‘Irish Riviera’ villages of Dalkey and Killiney.

b. As a count noun.

ΚΠ

1879 London Med. Rec. 15 May 199/1 In short the Americans have a Riviera, and mountain stations of their own, if they choose to use them.

1889 Guy's Hosp. Gaz. 19 Jan. 20/2 The first impression received of Algiers was one of disappointment. I had pictured an oriental town lying amongst the surroundings of a Riviera.

1904 M. Aflalo Truth about Morocco v. 108 It would be a Riviera habitable the whole year round; not like that of the Mediterranean.

1934 C. Hamilton Mod. Russia as seen by Englishwoman xiii. 143 (heading) A Riviera of the past... Twenty years ago, the Crimean coast..was a Russian counterpart of the Riviera.

1951 W. Sansom Face of Innocence iii. 36 He did not know the rivieras, I knew them well.

1974 Sat. Rev. World (U.S.) 19 Oct. 43/1 Every properly equipped nation must have a Riviera.

2000 F. Inglis Delicious Hist. of Holiday 118 The land-and-townscapes, architecture,..and everyday domestic culture of these other Mediterranean rivieras [sc. California, the South African Cape, Middle Chile, and South-western Australia] are influenced by their common origins.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1852 Ladies' Repository Sept. 357/1 At Nice commences the pass of the Maritime Alps. This Riviera Road is one of the most famous highways in Europe.

1904 Railway Mag. Sept. 258 ‘The Riviera Express’ is the title chosen..as the most apposite name for the Plymouth-Paddington non-stop express.

1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth 28 There was an elderly Riviera-Englishman on the platform.

2004 C. Endy Cold War Holidays vi. 130 Prolonged car chases shot from the air in full color to highlight not the drivers but the Riviera landscape.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	riviera
释义	Rivieran. Brit. /ˌrɪvɪˈɛːrə/, U.S. /ˌrɪviˈɛrə/, /rəvˈjɛrə/ Forms: 1600s Riuiera, 1600s– Riviera. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian riviera. Etymology: < Italian riviera coast, shore (see river n.¹), specifically the Ligurian coast (1322 in la Genovese riviera, a1334 in la riviera di Genova, a1412 used independently) and the Côte d'Azur (19th cent.; also with capital initial). Compare French la Rivière de Gênes the Riviera of Genoa (end of the 14th cent. in Middle French as le rivière de Gennes; probably < Italian).In eastern Riviera and western Riviera in quot. 1766 at sense 1a after Italian Riviera di Levante and Riviera di Ponente respectively (both a1348), literally ‘Riviera of the East’ and ‘Riviera of the West’ (compare Levant n.¹, ponent n.). 1. With the. a. The coast of the Republic of Genoa, broadly corresponding to the Gulf of Genoa. Frequently in Riviera of Genoa. Cf. river n.¹ 4. Now rare (chiefly historical after the 18th cent.).The Republic of Genoa ceased to exist in 1797 and was replaced by the Ligurian Republic, which itself survived only until 1805. The notion of the Riviera of Genoa was gradually absorbed into the newly-developing sense 1b, being largely co-extensive with the Italian Riviera. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > the Riviera river of Genoa1549 Riviera1632 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 25 The Riuiera of Genoa, along the Mediterrean sea. 1662 J. Dauncey Eng. Lovers ii. 20 About a twelvemoneth, as I said, being past in the pleasures of Genoua and the Riviera, I received Letters from my Father, commanding me to attend him. 1766 J. Northall Trav. through Italy vi. ii. 471 The dominions of this State consist of the countries extending along the sea-coast, on both sides, from the city of Genoa, which are called the eastern and western Rivieras. This word in Italian signifies a strand. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 426/2 The people of Genoa revolted..and reduced a great part of the Riviera. 1839 R. P. Gillies Palmario I. Notes 234 The Riviera of Genoa, in its fullest sense, comprehended and still comprehends that narrow portion of country anciently called Liguria,..situated between the Appennine mountains and..the Gulph of Genoa... More strictly speaking, however, the Riviera is the shore of the Genoese territory extending from the river Varo to the river Magra. 1865 T. A. Trollope Hist. Commonw. Florence II. v. v. 445 The contest on the Riviera of Genoa was carried on mainly by means of the allies of the Commonwealth. 1939 S. de Madariaga Christopher Columbus iii. 25 Eating and drinking..in that Genoese riviera so sunny and full of the joy of existence. 1973 F. C. Lane Venice, Maritime Republic vii. 84 By these terms Venice recognized Genoese primacy over all its Riviera and Genoa recognized Venetian lordship over its ‘Gulf’. b. The Mediterranean coastal region of south-eastern France and north-western Italy between Marseilles and La Spezia, famous for its beauty, mild climate, and fashionable resorts; (now also) spec. the Côte d'Azur, the section of this coastline in eastern Provence which includes the resorts of Cannes, Nice, and Antibes.The Riviera is now taken to comprise the Italian Riviera, largely corresponding to the old Riviera of Genoa (see sense 1a), but sometimes extended as far as Livorno, and the French Riviera, often treated as equivalent to the Côte d'Azur, but also extended to Marseilles and including resorts such as Cassis and Hyères. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > France or Frankish land > [noun] > south of France South of France1681 Riviera1846 Midi1859 1846 J. T. Headley Lett. from Italy x. 39 On the right stretched away the beautiful riviera towards Nice, sprinkled with villages. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. Oct. (1956) IV. 111 I shall imagine you winding along the Riviera, and then settling in sight of beautiful things. 1882 A. Smith (title) The garden of Hyères: a description of the most southern point on the French Riviera. 1906 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 15 Feb. 135/2 Enormous quantities of flowers from the South of France and the Italian Riviera are arriving at Dover daily. 1909 C. F. G. Masterman Condition of Eng. ii. 57 In Biarritz, Pau, Dinard—he might have said in the whole côte d'azur of the Riviera—‘the English have conquered us’, he declares. 1921 L. Merrick Chair on Boulevard xiv. 270 The Italian Riviera was awake again after the heat of the summer. 1953 Jet 19 Nov. 43 (caption) Joy-riding near Cannes on the French Riviera, ex-New York socialite Jay Clifford..lolls on the racing boat of sun-bathing Prince Bira. 1978 Times 18 Mar. 11/1 The Riviera or Cote d'Azur has a special affinity with the English who apart from the Romans were its first holidaymakers. 1998 R. Prigozy in F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby Introd. p. x He completed the novel on the Riviera in the summer of 1924. 2004 T. Jones French Riviera v. 105 Nice is the capital city—and cradle—of the Riviera. 2. In extended use. Any coastal or waterside region considered to resemble the Mediterranean Riviera. a. With the, and usually with modifying word or words. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near coast > [noun] > as resort seaside1782 Riviera1865 beachfront1921 1865 H. Alford Poet. Wks. (ed. 4) 1 ‘The School of the Heart’ was written..mostly during vacation sojournings and rambles on the beautiful riviera of the North Somersetshire coast. 1891 M. F. Sweetser King's Handbk. U.S. 175 The old convents and churches..and the yachting in the adjacent waters, furnish a great variety of interest for visitors to the American Riviera. 1910 Bradshaw's Railway Guide Apr. 1126 Lyme Regis, Dorset. Hotel Alexandra... The only hotel in its own grounds in the English Riviera. 1922 P. G. Wodehouse Girl on Boat xvii. 307 ‘Why not Cornwall?’ said Sam. ‘The Riviera of England!’ 1934 C. Hamilton Mod. Russia as seen by Englishwoman xiii. 143 On the Black Sea Riviera,..the only town of any note is Yalta. 1996 P. Godwin Mukiwa xi. 199 They proudly called this [sc. the Kariba dam resort] the Rhodesian Riviera, and lots of people came here for their holidays. 2004 S. R. Kelleher Frommer's Irel. iv. 143 The upscale ‘Irish Riviera’ villages of Dalkey and Killiney. b. As a count noun. ΚΠ 1879 London Med. Rec. 15 May 199/1 In short the Americans have a Riviera, and mountain stations of their own, if they choose to use them. 1889 Guy's Hosp. Gaz. 19 Jan. 20/2 The first impression received of Algiers was one of disappointment. I had pictured an oriental town lying amongst the surroundings of a Riviera. 1904 M. Aflalo Truth about Morocco v. 108 It would be a Riviera habitable the whole year round; not like that of the Mediterranean. 1934 C. Hamilton Mod. Russia as seen by Englishwoman xiii. 143 (heading) A Riviera of the past... Twenty years ago, the Crimean coast..was a Russian counterpart of the Riviera. 1951 W. Sansom Face of Innocence iii. 36 He did not know the rivieras, I knew them well. 1974 Sat. Rev. World (U.S.) 19 Oct. 43/1 Every properly equipped nation must have a Riviera. 2000 F. Inglis Delicious Hist. of Holiday 118 The land-and-townscapes, architecture,..and everyday domestic culture of these other Mediterranean rivieras [sc. California, the South African Cape, Middle Chile, and South-western Australia] are influenced by their common origins. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1852 Ladies' Repository Sept. 357/1 At Nice commences the pass of the Maritime Alps. This Riviera Road is one of the most famous highways in Europe. 1904 Railway Mag. Sept. 258 ‘The Riviera Express’ is the title chosen..as the most apposite name for the Plymouth-Paddington non-stop express. 1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth 28 There was an elderly Riviera-Englishman on the platform. 2004 C. Endy Cold War Holidays vi. 130 Prolonged car chases shot from the air in full color to highlight not the drivers but the Riviera landscape. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1632
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