riotousadj.

Brit.

/ˈrʌɪətəs/, U.S.

/ˈraɪədəs/

Forms: Middle English reyetous, Middle English riotes, Middle English ryetous, Middle English ryoteux, Middle English ryoutis, Middle English–1500s riatous, Middle English–1500s riottes, Middle English–1500s riottous, Middle English–1500s ryotouse, Middle English–1600s riotouse, Middle English–1600s ryotous, Middle English– riotous, late Middle English ryocous (transmission error), 1500s rietous, 1500s riottouse, 1500s ryottous, 1500s ryottouse, 1500s ryotuouse, 1500s–1600s riotus, 1500s–1600s ryotus, 1500s–1600s ryoutous; Scottish pre-1700 rayatus, pre-1700 riatons (transmission error), pre-1700 riatous, pre-1700 riatouse, pre-1700 riattous, pre-1700 riatus, pre-1700 riotus, pre-1700 ryatous, pre-1700 ryatouse, pre-1700 ryattous, pre-1700 ryattus, pre-1700 ryatus, pre-1700 ryotous, pre-1700 ryotouse, pre-1700 ryottis, pre-1700 ryottous, pre-1700 ryotus, pre-1700 1700s– riotous.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French riotous ; riot n., -ous suffix.

Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman riotous, riotuse and Middle French ryoteus contentious, quarrelsome (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French; Middle French, French †rioteux ) < riot riot n. + -ous , -eus -ous suffix. In later use (especially in sense 2) also < riot n. + -ous suffix. Compare Old Occitan riotos (1350), Italian riottoso (14th cent.).

†1. Chiefly Scottish. Troublesome; difficult. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or intractable (of things)

wickc1330

riotous1340

wickeda1352

untreatablec1374

frowarda1400

inobedient1495

stubborn?1518

unwieldya1538

unruly1548

wieldlessa1560

hard1560

untoward1566

tickle1570

churlish1577

unwieldsome1579

rebellious1587

disobedient1588

unframeable1593

unwilling1593

untractable1601

unmanageable1606

intractable1607

surly1609

unwedgeablea1616

dogged1627

uncontrollable1648

obdurate1651

morose1652

uncompliant1659

sullen1678

unpliant1716

ungovernable1773

sulky1867

intractile1880

unwieldly1881

bunglesome1915

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 170 He ouercomþ þane viȝt, þet is wel liȝt to ouercome to þe bolde herte, and lang and riotouse [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues euele; v.r. heui; Fr. ryhoteuse] to þe sleauuolle.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 141 Yat sum men of his company ar full of vicis, ryotous and euill thewit the quhilkis wald distrouble all the lave.

a1500 Consail & Teiching Vys Man (Cambr. Kk.1.5) in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 69 Be nocht our-ryatus na crous bot mek and lawly in his hous.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 2080 I am wele auld and ryatus, Bot of eld it is the richt For to be crabed day and nicht.

1599 A. Hume Epist. to G. Montcrieff in Hymnes sig. H4^v Sum officers we se..Maist blockish men, rash, riatous [printed riatons], and rude.

2. Of life, conduct, etc.: extravagant, unrestrained, esp. marked by excessive revelry; wanton, dissolute.Frequently in riotous living, after Luke xv. 13, in the King James Bible (1611).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [adjective] > specifically of conduct, life, etc.

riotous1389

rakehella1547

rakehelly1594

wild oat1676

orgiastic1698

rakish1704

rakehellish1764

rackety1787

fast-going1856

orgiasticala1871

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 38 (MED) If any broþer or sister of þis gilde falle in any meschef or pouert be godis sendyng..and nat be his owne folye ne ryotous lyuyng..he shal han of eueri broþer and sister of þis gilde, eueri woke, a ferthyng.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. 2043 (MED) Withdrawe your hand fro riotous wachching; Fleeth flesshli lustis and vicious companye.

a1449 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) ii. 90 (MED) Now ys by þ^e said clos myche nyght wacchyng and other riatous mysgovernance.

1542 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 5 Of a veray riottous and dissolute sorte of livynge in his youth.

1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Dij Yf suche ryotuouse expenses had ben auoyded.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 40 Ane declamatioun against diligat and superfluous cheir in ryatous bankatis.

a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) (1946) f. 58^v Vsing unbridillit ryatus lustis..without respect to schame or honeste.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. xviii. 90 Fabricius..condemn'd it for riotous in Rufinus,..because hee had siluer plate, in all to a tenne pound weight.

1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orat. II. ix. 221 Dancing is always the last act of riotous banquets.

1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 34 The detestable welcome bowls, together with many other riotous customs, are daily disappearing in Germany.

1825 W. Hamilton Hand-bk. Terms Arts & Sci. Waltz, in Music, the name of a riotous and indecent German dance.

1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. vii. 473 The dissolute and riotous conduct of a large proportion of its inhabitants or visitors.

1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. i. 19 After spending all her wealth in riotous living.

1901 R. Kipling Kim vii. 178 Kim puffed himself that he had not spent Colonel Creighton's..money in riotous living.

1940 J. Buchan Memory Hold-the-Door xii. 284 Under the mask of a riotous life there would be death at the heart.

2000 T. May Victorian Railway Worker 9 Although riotous and drunken behaviour was not unknown, the navvy was probably not the social pariah he is sometimes painted as.

3. Of a person.

a. Given to excessive revelry or unruliness; wanton or dissolute; (also) prodigal, extravagant. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > [adjective]

largea1225

fool-largec1325

costlewa1387

outragea1400

riotousc1405

sumptuousa1425

superfluea1425

prodigatec1429

profuse?a1475

lavishc1475

prodigalc1485

prodiga1492

prodigaleousa1500

superfluous1531

wasteful1538

costly?1555

prodigal1570

overlavish1573

squandering1589

lavishing1598

spenseful1600

expenseful1605

spendthrift1607

spendful1611

dingthrifty1615

impendious1623

expensive1628

unthriftya1631

spendthrifty1642

flush1703

extravagant1711

profligate1718

dispendious1727

wastry1791

wasterful1821

wastrife1822

prodigalish1857

high-rolling1890

wastrel1896

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [adjective]

wild13..

desolatec1386

unthrifty1388

riotousc1405

resolute?a1475

palliard1484

dissolutea1513

royetous1526

sluttishc1555

rakehell1556

dissolutious1560

rakehelly1579

hell-raking1593

sportive1597

low1599

lavish1600

rakellyc1600

profligate1627

profligated1652

rantipole1660

abandoned1690

raking1696

rakish1696

dissipated1744

dissipating1818

outward1875

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §119 It were bettre dwellen in desert than w^t a woman þ^t is riotous [c1415 Corpus Oxf. ryetous, c1415 Lansd. reyetous, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 ryotous].

?c1425 T. Hoccleve Jonathas (Durh.) l. 354 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 228 The conpaignie of wommen riotous Thow flee.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 54 (MED) There be other that haue free hert, true and iuste, and be not riotous [Fr. paisibles].

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.ii Ryotous company do thou not haunt.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 970 As thou maist see by the similitude of the riotous son.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. ix. 390 Drunkards and riotus persons they [sc. Persians] hate.

1637 J. Milton Comus 26 As if she would her children should be riotous With her abundance.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Een Smetser, a Riotous man, or a Glutton.

1753 S. Foote Englishman in Paris i. 24 But who can this Ward be? Possibly the neglected Punk of some riotous Man of Quality.

1779 H. Downman Lucius Junius Brutus iv. iii. 103 Telling the tale of shame to his lewd brothers, And riotous associates, who agape..grin applause To the rank act of lust.

1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia I. i. vii. 234 I own..that they are riotous fellows, but some of them are clever.

1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany, Past & Present I. ix. 322 The rooms above and below..were crowded with riotous students, drinking, dicing, and conducting themselves so uproariously that [etc.].

1957 R. Aldington Let. 8 June in R. Aldington & H. D. Lives in Lett. (2003) 383 A couple of riotous Teddy boys..kept bumping against me.

†b. Fond of commotion or fighting. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 363 I sall..ryfe it in sondyre, Bot he be redily reschowede with riotous knyghtez.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 432 (MED) Lefe schall I..Ryde all þas rowme landes wyth ryotous knyghttes.

a. Of or relating to rioting or disturbance of the peace; taking part in or inciting riot; turbulent. Frequently in legal contexts in riotous assembly.Earliest in in riotous wise (see Phrases).After 1715 frequently in the context of the British Riot Act or similar legislation elsewhere; see note at Riot Act n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [adjective]

riotousc1431

unruly1439

tumultuous1548

rioting1567

brabbling1577

roaring1584

c1431 King Henry VI Let. in Archaeologia (1835) 23 340 (MED) The mysgouerned men of dyuers Shires..robbers & pillers..were in grete noumbre & in ryotous wyse gaderyng in the said Shire of Kent.

?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 86 (MED) My seyde lorde off Bedford wolde most sharpely haue chastised and punnysshed alle they that wolde eny ryotouse assemble make.

1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §31. m. 9 To have þis open and ryoteux wrong and oppressioun remedied.

1461–2 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §33. m. 15 Certeyn persones, of evell, riotous and cedicious disposition.

a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 331 To tyme that he haue..receyued sich punicion for his Riottous demeanyng as shal-be accordyng with oure lawes.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xxxiiii^v Assone as the comminge of the Mayre was intymate..to the ryotous persones, they fledde.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 141 The Commons of the Citie were farre out of rule by the insensyng of ryotous persons.

1621 Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) 1st Ser. II. 38 The..Sirieant at armes cam with warrant for her and the Rest of her Riotouse servants.

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iii. 22 Hee came to dragg out of the House [five Members]. His best Friends..knew not..his motives to such a riotous act.

1714 Act 1 Geo. I Stat. 2 c. 5 (title) An Act for preventing Tumults and riotous Assemblies.

1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 i. 519 The execution of two men condemned by a general court martial for riotous and disorderly conduct.

1847 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors VII. ccx. 542 A resolution to violate the law by refusing the payment of taxes was illegal and riotous.

1887 W. Hunt Bristol 200 Riotous proceedings ensued in London..and other places.

1909 Chatterbox 274/1 Riotous men were foraging—that is, plundering from private houses.

1920 Times 9 Feb. 15/4 Riotous assemblies are not uncommon in India,..though this particular crowd were not rioting.

1959 Listener 12 Mar. 444/1 Not even sideshows in the Yemen or police operations by the army in a riotous colony will save them.

1998 Harper's Mag. May 50/1 A riotous assembly in New York denounced provision-dealers, landlords, and paper currency with fine impartiality.

b. In extended use: uncontrollable, wild.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > riotous

tempestousc1374

tempestuous1447

uproarish1550

tumultuous1576

routious1602

tumultuary1650

ramp1678

mobbish1695

royet1737

riotous1775

rumbustiousa1777

rumbustical1779

rampageous1800

rioty1819

rampacious1836

tempestive1848

1775 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 6 Feb. (1778) Rung the riotous ox.

1795 W. Lewelyn Christianity 72 The word that rebuked the devils and cast them out by thousands, and quelled the riotous elements of winds and waves was great.

1814 W. Scott Diary 25 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. vii. 233 Advancing up this huddling and riotous brook.

1863 G. Fleming Trav. Horseback Mantchu Tartary xxviii. 554 Human labour and endurance seen in lines of masonry and fearless towers [sc. the Great Wall of China], binding and manacling the riotous peaks.

1883 Harper's Mag. Dec. 91/1 Snowballing was almost the first thing her riotous cousins had taught her after her arrival.

1902 W. A. Quayle In God's Out-of-doors xv. 219 Give me not always calm, with its hushed quiet, but the clamor of the riotous winds, when nature is fighting nature in frightful combat.

1953 Times 26 Aug. 4/4 The riotous assembly of machicolations and angle-turrets that give their forceful and sometimes bizarre character to seaside hotels.

2004 Time Out 25 Aug. 171/6 Pre-millennial tension didn't produce any film more riotous than Fincher's rabid, punch-drunk satire of soulless consumer culture.

5. Noisy, tumultuous; unrestrained.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [adjective] > in action, conduct, or habit

freec1300

unbridledc1374

riotous?1456

liberala1500

unrestrained1531

libertine1593

relaxed1623

long-waisted1647

self-abandoning1817

laissez-aller1818

self-abandoned1833

uninhibited1880

un-Victorian1908

leggo1943

zizzy1966

loose1968

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [adjective] > rowdy noise

riotous?1456

obstreperousc1600

roaring1631

rory-tory1683

rackety1773

rowing1812

rowdyish1837

rowdy-dowy1852

rorty1899

rootin' tootin'1901

?1456 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 167 Me þinkith the bille and the matier right good and weel spoken accordyng to the trouthe of þeire riotous demenyng.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 7 (MED) Hir mouthe..was full of pride and ryotouse wourdis.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 46 He ralis and makis repet with ryatus wordis.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 53 Sum raiffis furght rudly with riatus speche.

a1525 A. Cadiou tr. A. Chartier Porteous Noblenes in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 179 Rigour dispyte & riatus tung makis allway stryf, discord and ganestanding in word and deid.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 238 Men so disordred, so deboyst and bold, that this our court..showes like a riotous Inne.

1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 225 They dare not wait the riotous abuse,..When wine has giv'n indecent language birth.

1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 137 Down in the courtyard the children played with their spoils in riotous glee.

1987 G. Keillor Leaving Home (1988) 17 The children are back to school after a riotous week of Easter break.

2005 Guardian 31 Jan. i. 19/7 Basant, the spring festival of Hindu origin that has become Muslim-majority Pakistan's most riotous street party.

6. Of plant growth, branches, etc.: overgrowing, luxuriant; exuberant. Frequently in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > superabundant

superabundantc1475

superaboundinga1513

riotous1573

exsuperant1596

exuberate1638

traboccant1651

exundanta1661

exuberant1664

1573 T. Cartwright Replye to Answere Whitgifte sig. A. ij ^v Dead twigges, riotous, and superfluous braunches, or whatsoeuer hindreth the growthe of the vine tree, may be cut of, without roting vp the vine.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. xiii. 85 Shall we esteeme them as riotous branches wherewith we sometimes behold most pleasant vines ouergrown?

1607 F. Mason Authoritie of Church 41 Those things which seemed most superfluous, she lopped awaie like riotous branches.

1867 ‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags II. i. 223 The liquid sound of waters bubbling beneath a riotous luxuriance of blossom.

1893 A. Webster Portraits 15 Splitting the shrieking branches, tossing down My riotous vines with their young half-tinged grapes.

1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 48/4 If weeds are banished, the blossoms cut, and water given when the skies are unkind in this respect, a garden of riotous bloom will be yours.

1968 L. Blanch Journey into Mind's Eye (1969) ii. iv. 69 Carpets, upon which he had boldly imposed gros-point cushions of riotous Victorian roses, parrots and bead-work spaniels.

2002 Express (Nexis) 23 Feb. 81 A waterfall and riotous vegetation hothoused under a vast glass sky.

Phrases

in riotous wise: riotously, violently. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > unruly [phrase] > riotously

in riotous wisec1431

c1431 [see sense 4a].

1433 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) IV. 458/1 (MED) The Commons of the Forest of Galtres in grete noumbre, in riotouse wise, pulled, brak, and hakked doun a pale of the said Abbey.

1443–50 in W. P. Baildon Sel. Cases Chancery (1896) 134 Ther came John Wayte..and..other persones..and in full ryoutis wyse..entred the house of youre seid besecher.

1460 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1837) VI. 304 (MED) Dyvers persones..expressely contrarie to oure lawes and pees..make grete assemblees, routes, and gaderyng of people in riottouswyse.

a1500 (a1469) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 69 (MED) Nicholas B., with other his servants and adherents, hath, in riotouse wyse, assaulted our liegeman.

c1616 ( in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lviii The said misdoers, arrayed in manner of war & in riotouswise..lay in waite to beat & to sley the officers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	riotous
释义	riotousadj. Brit. /ˈrʌɪətəs/, U.S. /ˈraɪədəs/ Forms: Middle English reyetous, Middle English riotes, Middle English ryetous, Middle English ryoteux, Middle English ryoutis, Middle English–1500s riatous, Middle English–1500s riottes, Middle English–1500s riottous, Middle English–1500s ryotouse, Middle English–1600s riotouse, Middle English–1600s ryotous, Middle English– riotous, late Middle English ryocous (transmission error), 1500s rietous, 1500s riottouse, 1500s ryottous, 1500s ryottouse, 1500s ryotuouse, 1500s–1600s riotus, 1500s–1600s ryotus, 1500s–1600s ryoutous; Scottish pre-1700 rayatus, pre-1700 riatons (transmission error), pre-1700 riatous, pre-1700 riatouse, pre-1700 riattous, pre-1700 riatus, pre-1700 riotus, pre-1700 ryatous, pre-1700 ryatouse, pre-1700 ryattous, pre-1700 ryattus, pre-1700 ryatus, pre-1700 ryotous, pre-1700 ryotouse, pre-1700 ryottis, pre-1700 ryottous, pre-1700 ryotus, pre-1700 1700s– riotous. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French riotous ; riot n., -ous suffix. Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman riotous, riotuse and Middle French ryoteus contentious, quarrelsome (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French; Middle French, French †rioteux ) < riot riot n. + -ous , -eus -ous suffix. In later use (especially in sense 2) also < riot n. + -ous suffix. Compare Old Occitan riotos (1350), Italian riottoso (14th cent.). †1. Chiefly Scottish. Troublesome; difficult. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or intractable (of things) wickc1330 riotous1340 wickeda1352 untreatablec1374 frowarda1400 inobedient1495 stubborn?1518 unwieldya1538 unruly1548 wieldlessa1560 hard1560 untoward1566 tickle1570 churlish1577 unwieldsome1579 rebellious1587 disobedient1588 unframeable1593 unwilling1593 untractable1601 unmanageable1606 intractable1607 surly1609 unwedgeablea1616 dogged1627 uncontrollable1648 obdurate1651 morose1652 uncompliant1659 sullen1678 unpliant1716 ungovernable1773 sulky1867 intractile1880 unwieldly1881 bunglesome1915 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 170 He ouercomþ þane viȝt, þet is wel liȝt to ouercome to þe bolde herte, and lang and riotouse [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues euele; v.r. heui; Fr. ryhoteuse] to þe sleauuolle. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 141 Yat sum men of his company ar full of vicis, ryotous and euill thewit the quhilkis wald distrouble all the lave. a1500 Consail & Teiching Vys Man (Cambr. Kk.1.5) in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 69 Be nocht our-ryatus na crous bot mek and lawly in his hous. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 2080 I am wele auld and ryatus, Bot of eld it is the richt For to be crabed day and nicht. 1599 A. Hume Epist. to G. Montcrieff in Hymnes sig. H4^v Sum officers we se..Maist blockish men, rash, riatous [printed riatons], and rude. 2. Of life, conduct, etc.: extravagant, unrestrained, esp. marked by excessive revelry; wanton, dissolute.Frequently in riotous living, after Luke xv. 13, in the King James Bible (1611). ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [adjective] > specifically of conduct, life, etc. riotous1389 rakehella1547 rakehelly1594 wild oat1676 orgiastic1698 rakish1704 rakehellish1764 rackety1787 fast-going1856 orgiasticala1871 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 38 (MED) If any broþer or sister of þis gilde falle in any meschef or pouert be godis sendyng..and nat be his owne folye ne ryotous lyuyng..he shal han of eueri broþer and sister of þis gilde, eueri woke, a ferthyng. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. 2043 (MED) Withdrawe your hand fro riotous wachching; Fleeth flesshli lustis and vicious companye. a1449 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) ii. 90 (MED) Now ys by þ^e said clos myche nyght wacchyng and other riatous mysgovernance. 1542 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 5 Of a veray riottous and dissolute sorte of livynge in his youth. 1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Dij Yf suche ryotuouse expenses had ben auoyded. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 40 Ane declamatioun against diligat and superfluous cheir in ryatous bankatis. a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) (1946) f. 58^v Vsing unbridillit ryatus lustis..without respect to schame or honeste. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. xviii. 90 Fabricius..condemn'd it for riotous in Rufinus,..because hee had siluer plate, in all to a tenne pound weight. 1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orat. II. ix. 221 Dancing is always the last act of riotous banquets. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 34 The detestable welcome bowls, together with many other riotous customs, are daily disappearing in Germany. 1825 W. Hamilton Hand-bk. Terms Arts & Sci. Waltz, in Music, the name of a riotous and indecent German dance. 1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. vii. 473 The dissolute and riotous conduct of a large proportion of its inhabitants or visitors. 1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. i. 19 After spending all her wealth in riotous living. 1901 R. Kipling Kim vii. 178 Kim puffed himself that he had not spent Colonel Creighton's..money in riotous living. 1940 J. Buchan Memory Hold-the-Door xii. 284 Under the mask of a riotous life there would be death at the heart. 2000 T. May Victorian Railway Worker 9 Although riotous and drunken behaviour was not unknown, the navvy was probably not the social pariah he is sometimes painted as. 3. Of a person. a. Given to excessive revelry or unruliness; wanton or dissolute; (also) prodigal, extravagant. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > [adjective] largea1225 fool-largec1325 costlewa1387 outragea1400 riotousc1405 sumptuousa1425 superfluea1425 prodigatec1429 profuse?a1475 lavishc1475 prodigalc1485 prodiga1492 prodigaleousa1500 superfluous1531 wasteful1538 costly?1555 prodigal1570 overlavish1573 squandering1589 lavishing1598 spenseful1600 expenseful1605 spendthrift1607 spendful1611 dingthrifty1615 impendious1623 expensive1628 unthriftya1631 spendthrifty1642 flush1703 extravagant1711 profligate1718 dispendious1727 wastry1791 wasterful1821 wastrife1822 prodigalish1857 high-rolling1890 wastrel1896 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [adjective] wild13.. desolatec1386 unthrifty1388 riotousc1405 resolute?a1475 palliard1484 dissolutea1513 royetous1526 sluttishc1555 rakehell1556 dissolutious1560 rakehelly1579 hell-raking1593 sportive1597 low1599 lavish1600 rakellyc1600 profligate1627 profligated1652 rantipole1660 abandoned1690 raking1696 rakish1696 dissipated1744 dissipating1818 outward1875 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §119 It were bettre dwellen in desert than w^t a woman þ^t is riotous [c1415 Corpus Oxf. ryetous, c1415 Lansd. reyetous, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 ryotous]. ?c1425 T. Hoccleve Jonathas (Durh.) l. 354 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 228 The conpaignie of wommen riotous Thow flee. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 54 (MED) There be other that haue free hert, true and iuste, and be not riotous [Fr. paisibles]. ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.ii Ryotous company do thou not haunt. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 970 As thou maist see by the similitude of the riotous son. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. ix. 390 Drunkards and riotus persons they [sc. Persians] hate. 1637 J. Milton Comus 26 As if she would her children should be riotous With her abundance. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Een Smetser, a Riotous man, or a Glutton. 1753 S. Foote Englishman in Paris i. 24 But who can this Ward be? Possibly the neglected Punk of some riotous Man of Quality. 1779 H. Downman Lucius Junius Brutus iv. iii. 103 Telling the tale of shame to his lewd brothers, And riotous associates, who agape..grin applause To the rank act of lust. 1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia I. i. vii. 234 I own..that they are riotous fellows, but some of them are clever. 1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany, Past & Present I. ix. 322 The rooms above and below..were crowded with riotous students, drinking, dicing, and conducting themselves so uproariously that [etc.]. 1957 R. Aldington Let. 8 June in R. Aldington & H. D. Lives in Lett. (2003) 383 A couple of riotous Teddy boys..kept bumping against me. †b. Fond of commotion or fighting. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 363 I sall..ryfe it in sondyre, Bot he be redily reschowede with riotous knyghtez. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 432 (MED) Lefe schall I..Ryde all þas rowme landes wyth ryotous knyghttes. 4. a. Of or relating to rioting or disturbance of the peace; taking part in or inciting riot; turbulent. Frequently in legal contexts in riotous assembly.Earliest in in riotous wise (see Phrases).After 1715 frequently in the context of the British Riot Act or similar legislation elsewhere; see note at Riot Act n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [adjective] riotousc1431 unruly1439 tumultuous1548 rioting1567 brabbling1577 roaring1584 c1431 King Henry VI Let. in Archaeologia (1835) 23 340 (MED) The mysgouerned men of dyuers Shires..robbers & pillers..were in grete noumbre & in ryotous wyse gaderyng in the said Shire of Kent. ?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 86 (MED) My seyde lorde off Bedford wolde most sharpely haue chastised and punnysshed alle they that wolde eny ryotouse assemble make. 1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §31. m. 9 To have þis open and ryoteux wrong and oppressioun remedied. 1461–2 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §33. m. 15 Certeyn persones, of evell, riotous and cedicious disposition. a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 331 To tyme that he haue..receyued sich punicion for his Riottous demeanyng as shal-be accordyng with oure lawes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xxxiiii^v Assone as the comminge of the Mayre was intymate..to the ryotous persones, they fledde. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 141 The Commons of the Citie were farre out of rule by the insensyng of ryotous persons. 1621 Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) 1st Ser. II. 38 The..Sirieant at armes cam with warrant for her and the Rest of her Riotouse servants. 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iii. 22 Hee came to dragg out of the House [five Members]. His best Friends..knew not..his motives to such a riotous act. 1714 Act 1 Geo. I Stat. 2 c. 5 (title) An Act for preventing Tumults and riotous Assemblies. 1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 i. 519 The execution of two men condemned by a general court martial for riotous and disorderly conduct. 1847 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors VII. ccx. 542 A resolution to violate the law by refusing the payment of taxes was illegal and riotous. 1887 W. Hunt Bristol 200 Riotous proceedings ensued in London..and other places. 1909 Chatterbox 274/1 Riotous men were foraging—that is, plundering from private houses. 1920 Times 9 Feb. 15/4 Riotous assemblies are not uncommon in India,..though this particular crowd were not rioting. 1959 Listener 12 Mar. 444/1 Not even sideshows in the Yemen or police operations by the army in a riotous colony will save them. 1998 Harper's Mag. May 50/1 A riotous assembly in New York denounced provision-dealers, landlords, and paper currency with fine impartiality. b. In extended use: uncontrollable, wild. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > riotous tempestousc1374 tempestuous1447 uproarish1550 tumultuous1576 routious1602 tumultuary1650 ramp1678 mobbish1695 royet1737 riotous1775 rumbustiousa1777 rumbustical1779 rampageous1800 rioty1819 rampacious1836 tempestive1848 1775 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 6 Feb. (1778) Rung the riotous ox. 1795 W. Lewelyn Christianity 72 The word that rebuked the devils and cast them out by thousands, and quelled the riotous elements of winds and waves was great. 1814 W. Scott Diary 25 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. vii. 233 Advancing up this huddling and riotous brook. 1863 G. Fleming Trav. Horseback Mantchu Tartary xxviii. 554 Human labour and endurance seen in lines of masonry and fearless towers [sc. the Great Wall of China], binding and manacling the riotous peaks. 1883 Harper's Mag. Dec. 91/1 Snowballing was almost the first thing her riotous cousins had taught her after her arrival. 1902 W. A. Quayle In God's Out-of-doors xv. 219 Give me not always calm, with its hushed quiet, but the clamor of the riotous winds, when nature is fighting nature in frightful combat. 1953 Times 26 Aug. 4/4 The riotous assembly of machicolations and angle-turrets that give their forceful and sometimes bizarre character to seaside hotels. 2004 Time Out 25 Aug. 171/6 Pre-millennial tension didn't produce any film more riotous than Fincher's rabid, punch-drunk satire of soulless consumer culture. 5. Noisy, tumultuous; unrestrained. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [adjective] > in action, conduct, or habit freec1300 unbridledc1374 riotous?1456 liberala1500 unrestrained1531 libertine1593 relaxed1623 long-waisted1647 self-abandoning1817 laissez-aller1818 self-abandoned1833 uninhibited1880 un-Victorian1908 leggo1943 zizzy1966 loose1968 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [adjective] > rowdy noise riotous?1456 obstreperousc1600 roaring1631 rory-tory1683 rackety1773 rowing1812 rowdyish1837 rowdy-dowy1852 rorty1899 rootin' tootin'1901 ?1456 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 167 Me þinkith the bille and the matier right good and weel spoken accordyng to the trouthe of þeire riotous demenyng. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 7 (MED) Hir mouthe..was full of pride and ryotouse wourdis. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 46 He ralis and makis repet with ryatus wordis. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 53 Sum raiffis furght rudly with riatus speche. a1525 A. Cadiou tr. A. Chartier Porteous Noblenes in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 179 Rigour dispyte & riatus tung makis allway stryf, discord and ganestanding in word and deid. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 238 Men so disordred, so deboyst and bold, that this our court..showes like a riotous Inne. View more context for this quotation 1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 225 They dare not wait the riotous abuse,..When wine has giv'n indecent language birth. 1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 137 Down in the courtyard the children played with their spoils in riotous glee. 1987 G. Keillor Leaving Home (1988) 17 The children are back to school after a riotous week of Easter break. 2005 Guardian 31 Jan. i. 19/7 Basant, the spring festival of Hindu origin that has become Muslim-majority Pakistan's most riotous street party. 6. Of plant growth, branches, etc.: overgrowing, luxuriant; exuberant. Frequently in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > superabundant superabundantc1475 superaboundinga1513 riotous1573 exsuperant1596 exuberate1638 traboccant1651 exundanta1661 exuberant1664 1573 T. Cartwright Replye to Answere Whitgifte sig. A. ij ^v Dead twigges, riotous, and superfluous braunches, or whatsoeuer hindreth the growthe of the vine tree, may be cut of, without roting vp the vine. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. xiii. 85 Shall we esteeme them as riotous branches wherewith we sometimes behold most pleasant vines ouergrown? 1607 F. Mason Authoritie of Church 41 Those things which seemed most superfluous, she lopped awaie like riotous branches. 1867 ‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags II. i. 223 The liquid sound of waters bubbling beneath a riotous luxuriance of blossom. 1893 A. Webster Portraits 15 Splitting the shrieking branches, tossing down My riotous vines with their young half-tinged grapes. 1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 48/4 If weeds are banished, the blossoms cut, and water given when the skies are unkind in this respect, a garden of riotous bloom will be yours. 1968 L. Blanch Journey into Mind's Eye (1969) ii. iv. 69 Carpets, upon which he had boldly imposed gros-point cushions of riotous Victorian roses, parrots and bead-work spaniels. 2002 Express (Nexis) 23 Feb. 81 A waterfall and riotous vegetation hothoused under a vast glass sky. Phrases in riotous wise: riotously, violently. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > unruly [phrase] > riotously in riotous wisec1431 c1431 [see sense 4a]. 1433 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) IV. 458/1 (MED) The Commons of the Forest of Galtres in grete noumbre, in riotouse wise, pulled, brak, and hakked doun a pale of the said Abbey. 1443–50 in W. P. Baildon Sel. Cases Chancery (1896) 134 Ther came John Wayte..and..other persones..and in full ryoutis wyse..entred the house of youre seid besecher. 1460 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1837) VI. 304 (MED) Dyvers persones..expressely contrarie to oure lawes and pees..make grete assemblees, routes, and gaderyng of people in riottouswyse. a1500 (a1469) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 69 (MED) Nicholas B., with other his servants and adherents, hath, in riotouse wyse, assaulted our liegeman. c1616 ( in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lviii The said misdoers, arrayed in manner of war & in riotouswise..lay in waite to beat & to sley the officers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1340
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