round robinn.

Brit.

/ˌraʊnd ˈrɒbɪn/, U.S.

/ˌraʊn(d) ˈrɑbən/

Forms: see round adj. and robin n.¹ Also with capital initials.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: round adj., robin n.¹

Etymology: < round adj. + robin n.¹The senses at branch I. all denote things which are circular, and those at branch II. are connected with simplex uses of robin n.¹, while the senses at branch III. denote something which goes round or around. However, in no case is it entirely clear what determined the collocation of the words round adj. and robin n.¹, except for alliteration. It is probable that the phrase became well established in one or more uses (perhaps originally sense 1, if the chronology implied by the attestations is correct), and then became extended to other things which were round, or went around, or were similar to things otherwise referred to as robin n.¹ However, what the original motivation may have been remains uncertain.

I. A circular object.

†1. A disparaging name for: the consecrated Host at the Eucharist. Obsolete (historical in later use). [So called on account of the circular shape of the Host; compare quot. 1751.]

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun]

fleshc1000

ofleteOE

mannaa1200

breada1225

bread of lifea1300

host1303

bodya1325

obleya1325

God's bodya1387

cakec1390

singing bread1432

bread of wheata1450

singing loaf1530

God's bread1535

bread god?1548

round robin?1548

holy bread1552

singing cake1553

Jack-in-the-box1554

wafer-cake?1554

wafer1559

wafer-bread1565

breaden god1570

mass cake1579

wafer-god1623

hostel1624

maker1635

hostie1641

oblata1721

altar bread1839

prosphora1874

?1548 in tr. J. Calvin Faythfvl Treat. Sacrament Pref. sig. Aiii Certeyne fonde talkers..applye to thys mooste holy Sacramente, names of despitte and reproche, as to cal it Jake in the boxe, & rounde Roben, and suche other not onely fonde but also blasphemouse names.

1570 W. Elderton Ballat intituled Northomberland Newes (single sheet) Ye do carie the banner of force, And Iolie rounde Robyn vnder your gowne.

1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence ii. 60 That the Sacrament of the Altar, is nothing else but a piece of bread, or a little predie Round-Robin.

1751 Parl. Hist. Eng. III. 223 The Act forbears to mention them; but some of the Terms were Round Robin, Jack in a Box, Sacrament of the Halter, &c. because the Wafer was round, and usually kept in a Pix.

†2. A type of small ruff (ruff n.³ 2a). Obsolete (historical in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > ruff > types of

quellio1631

Geneva set1633

round robin1642

fraise1801

Pierrot collar1881

1642 J. Taylor Apol. for Private Preaching sig. A3 King Arthur of Bradley, and his four hundred forty sixe Elders of the Round Table, the first men that ever wore Round-Robins.

1683 J. Norris Murnival of Knaves 10 Round Railing Throat he ever wore A Band, like that 'bout neck of Moor, Which by that Crew is call'd Round-Robin; With Bandstrings small dangling like Bobin.

1776–7 Whole Proc. King's Comm. Peace (City of London & County of Middlesex) 204/2 There were a pair of shirt sleeves, a pair of round robins,..and one pair of red and white cuffs.

1888 Clothier & Furnisher Jan. 57/1 In the time of Henry VIII. of many wives, it had become a narrow ruff or frill, and was known as a ‘round robin’.

†3. Mechanics.

a. A rim or plate designed to prevent dirt from affecting the movement of a carriage axle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > attached to the end of

round robin1795

1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 232 (Gloss.) Round Robbins, broad rims fixed to the ends of the axletree bed..for preventing dirt falling in to injure the arms of the axletree.

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 669/1 Cuttoo-plate,..otherwise called a dirt-board, or round robin.

b. A loop of leather or rubber through which passes a pole, spring, or other part of a carriage and by which it is suspended. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1805 Repertory of Arts 7 9 As carriages of this description are suspended by the pole when in motion, the bolt..is to be fixed to the pole near the centre; which bolt must be made stronger, to fasten the harness or round robbin.

1859 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 4 Nov. 764/2 It is also a matter of importance that the clapper be not shackled to the ring or staple in the crown, but suspended to it by means of a strong loop or round robbin of doubled hide.

1860 Repertory Patent Inventions 35 266 Another kind of shackle, technically called a ‘round robin’, chiefly used for broughams, mail phaetons, and such like vehicles.

1885 Saddlers, Harness Makers, & Carriage Builders' Gaz. 1 May 77/2 The illustration of a canoe landau is shown with a spring reaching from the front heel-bar..to the end of the bottom hind spring, to which it is joined by cow-mouth shackles and round-robins.

4. English regional (Devon). A small pancake. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pancake, tortilla, or oatcake > [noun] > pancake

froise1338

pancakea1400

flawnc1400

crust-rollc1430

pancake wisea1500

flapjack1620

torteau1625

egg-fraise1693

wafer pancake1769

flamm1819

blini1842

leather-jacket1846

round robin1847

Pfannkuchen1856

palacinka1884

blintz1903

latke1909

crêpe Suzette1922

Dutch baby1927

spring roll1927

Palatschinken1929

egg roll1938

tostada1945

crêpe1951

ploye1959

palacsinta1964

pancake roll1967

appam1972

popiah1975

uthappam1976

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. (at cited word) Round-robin, a small pancake.

1894 W. A. Wheeler & C. G. Wheeler Familiar Allusions (ed. 7) 424 In some parts of England a pancake is called a Round Robin.

II. A person, fish, or plant.

†5. Chiefly depreciative. Applied to a man (in various allusive uses). Cf. robin n.¹ 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > man or boy

knightc950

knapec1000

shalkOE

knaveOE

sergeantc1200

swainc1275

groom1297

garcion13..

ladc1300

harlota1350

serving-mana1400

manservant1409

varlet1483

handman1496

custrelinga1556

Sim Shakebuckler?1560

lackey-boy1575

vadelect1586

muchacho1591

round robin1591

varlettoa1616

vadelet1661

gossoon1684

skip1699

mozo1811

Jack1836

tea-boy1847

John1848

1591 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage f. 8 There in faith round Robin his deputy, would make them like wretches, feele the waight of his heauiest fetters.

1628 Excellent New Medly (single sheet) They say an old man hath no pith, Round Robin.

1636 R. N. in Ann. Dubrensia sig. I3^v Thou art he in whom All the brave Robins, meet to make vp one, Round-Robin, that's thy making.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 177 These Wat Tylers and Round-Robins, being driven or persuaded out of White-hall.

†a. North American. A freshwater sunfish of eastern North America, either the pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, or the redbreast sunfish, L. auritus. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Centrarchidae (sun-fish) > [noun] > member of genus Lepomis (sun-fish)

bream1634

roach1637

sunfish1685

round robin1709

yellowbelly1775

redbelly1791

brim1795

sun perch1804

pumpkin seed1815

sunny1835

bluegill1877

redbreast1877

tobacco-box1877

red-eared sunfish1889

shell-cracker1889

sun1896

redear1931

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 152 Pearch small and flat, with red Spots, call'd round Robins.

1737 J. Brickell Nat. Hist. N.-Carolina 239 The fifth sort [of perch] are distinguished by the Name of round Robins and are the least sort of all, they are flat and very round shaped like a Roach.

b. Chiefly Caribbean and U.S. Any of various marine fishes of the genus Decapterus (family Carangidae), characterized by a fusiform body almost circular in cross-section; esp. the round scad, D. punctatus, of Atlantic coastal waters, widely fished for food and as bait. Also called cigar-fish. Cf. robin n.¹ 5b.In Jamaican usage (see quot. 1961), probably a different fish. This is not identified in Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1980), but quot. 1898 (from a catalogue of fishes from Kingston, Jamaica) applies the name to a lizardfish, Synodus foetens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Scombroidei (mackerel) > [noun] > family Carangidae (scads) > miscellaneous types of

pompano1598

centronote1831

round robin1848

queenfish1906

kingfish1910

1848 R. H. Schomburgk Hist. Barbados iii. v. 669 Caranx macarellus... Round Robin.

1873 T. Gill in S. F. Baird Rep. Condition Sea Fisheries I. 803 Decapterus punctatus (Mitch.) Gill.—Dotted scad; round robin (Bermudas).

1876 G. B. Goode Catal. Fishes Bermudas 46 The Round Robin is seined in great numbers in Hamilton Harbor.

1898 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1897 96 Synodus fœtens (Linnaeus). Macca Robin; Round Robin.

1957 Copeia No. 3. 243/2 Decapterus punctatus. Round Robin. Eight small specimens, 2.7–4.9 cm. fork length, were taken..on July 7, 1954.

1961 F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk xv. 324 Similar too are the robins, of which Jamaican kinds are the round robin..and Moco robin.

1974 in R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage (1996) 478/1 The large round robin..would be retailed at 50 cents per pound, the small round robin 40 cents.

c. English regional (Cornwall). The anglerfish Lophius piscatorius. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Lophiiformes (anglers) > [noun] > family Lophiidae > lophius piscatorius (angler)

frogfish1598

frog1601

sea-fisher1601

sea-frog1601

friar1603

toad-fish1612

catfish1620

sea-angler1653

devil fish1666

monkfish1666

nass-fish1666

angler1776

pocket-fish1796

kettle-mawa1798

wide-gab1807

anglerfish1854

round robin1880

dragon-

1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 98 Round-robin, the angler fish, Lophius piscatorius.

7. English regional (south-western). Any of several hedgerow plants with pink flowers, esp. the red campion, Silene dioica. Cf. robin n.¹ 6. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > campion and ragged robin

cow-rattle14..

campion1576

behen1578

crowsoap1578

white campion1578

catchfly1597

feather-top wild campion1597

frothy poppy1597

lime-wort1597

nonsuch1597

sea campion1597

spattling poppy (also campion)1597

Greek rose1601

lychnis1601

knap-bottle1640

moss pink1641

Lobel's catchfly1664

red robin1678

moss campion1690

red campion1728

round robin1741

Silene1751

Nottingham catchfly1762

silenal1836

Robin Hood1844

thunder-flower1853

gunpowder weed1860

sea-catchfly1864

robin redbreast1880

poppy1886

thunderbolt1886

rattleweed1893

cancer1896

bladder-campion-

1741 Family Mag. ii. 301/2 Take..succory, fluellin, monk-ear, herb robert, round robins, agrimony, wild sage [etc.].

1882 H. Friend Gloss. Devonshire Plant Names 47 Round Robin, (1) Geranium Robertianum, L. Herb Robert. (2) Lychnis diurna, Sibth.

1884 H. Friend Flowers & Flower-lore. II. xvi. 478 Some call the Red Campion (Lychnis diurna) Round Robin, to distinguish it from Ragged Robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi).

1920 W. E. Brenchley Weeds of Farm Land xiii. 216 Lychnis dioica, L.—robin's eye, round robin, scalded apple, soldiers, [etc.].

III. Other uses.

8. A document (esp. one embodying a complaint, remonstrance, or request) having the names of the signatories arranged in a circle so as to disguise the order in which they have signed. Later more generally: any document of this type signed by many people, frequently in alphabetical order to indicate that responsibility is shared.

a. Originally used by sailors, and often considered a nautical term.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > [noun] > involving letters or documents

round robin1698

write-in1967

1698 C. Young in High Court of Admiralty Exam. & Answers (P.R.O.: HCA 13/81) f. 679^v Some of them drew up a paper commonly called a Round Robin, and signed the same whereby they intimated that if the Captaine would not give them leave to goe a shore, they would take leave.

1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates (ed. 2) xii. 332 The underwritten Petition [was] drawn up and signed by the whole Company in the Manner of what they call a Round Robin, that is, the Names were writ in a Circle, to avoid all Appearance of Pre-eminence.

1742 J. Campbell Lives Admirals (1748) II. 64 The Sailors on board the Fleet, signed, what is called by them, a round Robin, that is, a Paper containing..their Names subscribed in a Circle, that it might not be discerned who signed first.

1847 H. Melville Omoo xx I proposed that a ‘Round Robin’ should be prepared and sent ashore to the consul.

1870 W. Thornbury Tour Eng. I. 192 [He] so tormented his crew that they signed a round robin, and sent it to the Admiralty.

1897 B. Stoker Dracula vii. 85 Men all in a panic of fear; sent a round robin, asking to have double watch, as they fear to be alone.

1911 J. M. Barrie Peter & Wendy xvi. 233 The captain treated them as dogs, and they dared not express their wishes to him even in a round robin.

2006 E. Christopher Slave Ship Sailors i. iii. 116 The egalitarianism of the round robin could easily include sailors of African origin.

b. In non-nautical use.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > other types of letter

billet-doux1673

poulet1691

treble letter1753

round robin1755

screed1834

tickler1846

application letter1850

test letter1869

letter of envoy1873

hastener1922

fan letter1932

aerogram1933

yum-yum1943

newsletter1961

overnights1975

1755 Ld. Chesterfield in World No. 146. ⁋8 If I thought it could be of any use, I could easily present them with a round robin to that effect of above a thousand..names.

1793 J. Boswell Life Johnson (ed. 2) anno 1776 II. 60 [W. Forbes:] I enclose the Round Robin. This jeu d'esprit took its rise one day at dinner at our friend Sir Joshua Reynolds's.

1829 Farmer's Jrnl. Oct. 330 Last week the whole of the tenants..sent a round-robin to his lordship's steward.

1896 A. D. Coleridge Eton in Forties 133 The headmaster suggested our signing and sending a round robin of congratulation.

1920 Outlook 8 Sept. 64/2 He read the famous ‘round robin’ of the Republican Senators protesting against the terms of the first Treaty of Peace.

1978 B. Levin in K. Gregory First Cuckoo 13 Writers of round robins (‘We, the undersigned, each in his or her personal capacity..’) also choose The Times for preference.

2004 Gay Times Feb. 70/2 According to the National Catholic Reporter, 23 priests in Chicago signed a round robin letter addressed to ‘The Hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church’, calling it to stop using ‘violent and abusive language’ in relation to gay people.

c. In extended use.

ΚΠ

1815 F. Burney Let. 20 June in Jrnls. & Lett. (1980) III. 221 Vandamme c[ould] not too soon be cut off from the Centre which he disgraced, & I only wish his rival in ferocious cruelty d'avoust, as quick an exit. And I wish a round robin of ditto to many a Brother foul-fiend at Paris.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. App. p. xxi Such a round robin of mere lies, that you knew not which to begin with.

1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 355 That very evening he had been considering the presentation to him next day of a round robin of collective gratitude on his departure.

1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Aug. 7/1 As if to point up the homosexual theme, rather than to offer a round robin of sexuality.

a. A letter copied and sent to several recipients. In later use usually: spec. a letter of this kind relating personal news, sent on a particular occasion, esp. at Christmas. Cf. circular letter at circular adj. 8. Frequently attributive.Quot. 1871 appears to be an isolated early use.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > letter intended for many recipients

fire briefa1643

circular letter1659

circulatory letter1668

circular1818

omnibus letter1861

round robin1871

chain letter1906

form letter1909

1871 Monthly Packet June 591 Shall I send a round robin, telling them that you would not have time to write books if you answered all their questions?

1921 Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 13 Oct. 9/4 The aid of members not present was guaranteed by T. O. Madison, chairman, and Al Holcomb, president, who will send out a round robin to all members.

1961 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 3 Sept. (Mag. section) 9/1 Round-robin letters are often useful... In this case a general letter is written stating all of the news and copies of it are sent to various members of the family, and friends.

1992 D. Morgan Rising in West iii. xx. 398 Doris got a round-robin letter from Renee announcing that Melissa had been sworn in as a citizen.

2004 Prima Nov. 119/3 In America it's common practice to send round-robins with Christmas cards, and it's now becoming more normal here.

b. A letter, piece of writing, etc., sent around the members of a group, and added to by each recipient in turn. Cf. chain letter n. at chain n. Compounds 3. Frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1885 A. Baker More Half-hours with my Girls 204 How can I write to you all? I must write a kind of round robin, to be sent to each in turn.

1908 Eleusis of Chi Omega May 145 Round Robin is, as you know, a chain letter. It is like a gathering of the chapter to hear all the girls chatting at once.

1944 Atlanta Constit. 31 Mar. 3/6 The home security rules also ban correspondence with lonely hearts clubs back home and indulging in chain letters and round-robin circulars.

2002 D. Y. Goble Provin' Up xiii. 221 When Marie added her letter to the Round Robin, she always made an effort to tell about events on the homestead that she felt would be interesting to her former Oberlin chums.

10.

a. Originally U.S. A tournament in which every player or team competes once with each of the others. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > types of

all comersc1450

after-gamea1500

fore-game1594

revenge1616

plate1639

set-to1743

return match1753

bye1754

scrub-race1791

anybody's game (also race, match)1826

return1834

barney1843

bonspiel1858

handicap1861

pennant1865

home-and-home1868

benefit match1871

run-off1873

international1877

American tournament1878

Grand Prix1879

single1884

friendly1885

all-comers1889

pair1890

championship1893

round robin1894

replay1895

Olympiad1896

junior varsity1902

lightning tournament1903

rematch1903

road trip1903

pickup1905

freestyle1906

marathon1908

test1908

Derby1909

scrimmage1910

eliminator1911

twosome1911

triala1914

quadrangular1916

slug-fest1916

varsity match1921

needle contest1922

curtain jerker1923

needle match1923

open1926

needle fight1927

knock-out1928

shirt1930

masters1933

pro-amateur1934

tune-up1934

World Cup1934

pro-am1937

state1941

sizzler1942

runathon1943

mismatch1954

run-out1955

match-up1959

squeaker1961

triple-header1961

Super Bowl1967

invitational1968

needle game1970

major1976

slobberknocker1986

1894 N.-Y. Times 28 Sept. 3/5 A well-known player has proposed that the four players who reach the semifinals play a kind of ‘round-robin’ tournament.

1895 Official Lawn Tennis Bull. 3 Jan. 3/1 No one would..argue that a man of that rating could win in a round-robin.

1943 M. Kraitchik Math. Recreations ix. 231 In a round-robin tournament among teams of four or two we must arrange a schedule by which every team meets every other just once.

1978 Time 3 July 50/1 The 14 survivors and the West German team..moved to Argentina to join the host country's team in an exhausting series of round-robin matches.

2007 Weekend Post (Port Elizabeth) 21 Apr. 15/2 They play a mini tournament every month. It doesn't have to be round robin at all. Straight knockout, bru.

b. Originally U.S. A group activity consisting of successive participation from each member of the group. Frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1915 Atlanta Constit. 7 Nov. 4 f/6 Chairman of the entertainment committee, R. S. Wessels, is going to invoke what he says is a ‘Round Robin’ method of introducing them. Every man must rise in his place and introduce the member next to him.

1958 Reading Teacher 11 169/1 The chief technique of this method is ‘round-robin’ reading. Everyone in the class has his science book open to the same page. Mary reads a line or perhaps a paragraph, and so on down the row.

1991 M. Haas Genocide by Proxy xviii. 194 The various delegations spoke next in a round robin.

2004 Broadband Satellite Communications for Internet Access x. 262 A round-robin approach is used to service all queues in a fair way. This prevents any one source from overusing its share of network capacity.

11. Betting. A wager consisting of three selections in different events, which are combined in various ways to produce ten individual bets (three doubles and a treble, and three pairs of ‘up-and-down’ bets).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > type of bet

swoopstake1599

by-beta1627

levant1714

even money1732

play or pay bet1738

side bet1769

long shot1796

sweep1849

pay-or-play1853

sweepstake1861

pari-mutuel1868

to go a raker1869

flutter1874

skinner1874

by-wager1886

plunge1888

accumulator1889

saver1891

mutuel1893

quinella1902

parlay1904

Sydney or the bush1924

treble1924

daily double1930

all-up1933

round robin1944

double1951

twin double1960

perfecta1961

pool1963

lose bet1964

tiercé1964

Yankee bet1964

Yankee1967

nap1971

superfecta1971

tricast1972

triple1972

trixie1973

telebetting1974

trifecta1974

over-and-under1975

over-under1981

spread bet1981

1944 G. Panetta We ride White Donkey 110 ‘Give me Fogoso, Doubt Not, and Chop Suey’ I said, ‘two dollars each in a three-way round robin.’

1988 J. Stevenson Fair Deal in Betting (Sporting Life) (ed. 2) 26 In a Round Robin bet, for instance, where a backer has invested ten £1 stakes plus £1 tax, he is prepaying the tax on ten bets.

2010 S. Best Leisure Stud. v. 128 Neal..found..‘morning punters’ bet higher stakes and placed more combination bets (round robins and yankees).

Derivatives

round robiˈneer n. a person who signs a round robin (see sense 8); spec. one of fifteen United States senators who signed a document stating they would not vote to impeach Governor Huey Long of Louisiana in 1929.

ΚΠ

1933 H. P. Long Every Man King xii. 179 If ever again you fifteen round-robineers find me drowning, for Heaven's sake, let me drown!

1992 R. Mann Legacy to Power xxvii. 315 Fifteen men had rescued his father's career when they signed the famous Round Robin... In his own way, Russell was finally a Round Robineer.

2002 E. F. Haas in B. H. Wall Louisiana (ed. 4) xii. 280 Long continued to bestow favors on the fifteen ‘round robineers’.

round-ˈrobining n. chiefly U.S. (now rare) (a) the action of competing in a round robin tournament; (b) the action or practice of canvassing people and acquiring their signatures in support of a particular action, measure, etc.

ΚΠ

1925 Boston Daily Globe 23 May (Evening ed.) 6/8 The Eastern nines will be off for home fields, a little round-robining on their own account.

1952 Trust Bull. Sept. 27/1 Only those accounts whose recommendations have not been approved in the round-robining are actually taken up for discussion.

1977 Herald-Palladium (Benton Harbor, Mich.) 2 Sept. 12/2 A legislative committee cannot engage in ‘round-robining’, a method used by lawmakers to get a bill reported out of committee without having a meeting.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	round robin
释义	round robinn. Brit. /ˌraʊnd ˈrɒbɪn/, U.S. /ˌraʊn(d) ˈrɑbən/ Forms: see round adj. and robin n.¹ Also with capital initials. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: round adj., robin n.¹ Etymology: < round adj. + robin n.¹The senses at branch I. all denote things which are circular, and those at branch II. are connected with simplex uses of robin n.¹, while the senses at branch III. denote something which goes round or around. However, in no case is it entirely clear what determined the collocation of the words round adj. and robin n.¹, except for alliteration. It is probable that the phrase became well established in one or more uses (perhaps originally sense 1, if the chronology implied by the attestations is correct), and then became extended to other things which were round, or went around, or were similar to things otherwise referred to as robin n.¹ However, what the original motivation may have been remains uncertain. I. A circular object. †1. A disparaging name for: the consecrated Host at the Eucharist. Obsolete (historical in later use). [So called on account of the circular shape of the Host; compare quot. 1751.] ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] fleshc1000 ofleteOE mannaa1200 breada1225 bread of lifea1300 host1303 bodya1325 obleya1325 God's bodya1387 cakec1390 singing bread1432 bread of wheata1450 singing loaf1530 God's bread1535 bread god?1548 round robin?1548 holy bread1552 singing cake1553 Jack-in-the-box1554 wafer-cake?1554 wafer1559 wafer-bread1565 breaden god1570 mass cake1579 wafer-god1623 hostel1624 maker1635 hostie1641 oblata1721 altar bread1839 prosphora1874 ?1548 in tr. J. Calvin Faythfvl Treat. Sacrament Pref. sig. Aiii Certeyne fonde talkers..applye to thys mooste holy Sacramente, names of despitte and reproche, as to cal it Jake in the boxe, & rounde Roben, and suche other not onely fonde but also blasphemouse names. 1570 W. Elderton Ballat intituled Northomberland Newes (single sheet) Ye do carie the banner of force, And Iolie rounde Robyn vnder your gowne. 1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence ii. 60 That the Sacrament of the Altar, is nothing else but a piece of bread, or a little predie Round-Robin. 1751 Parl. Hist. Eng. III. 223 The Act forbears to mention them; but some of the Terms were Round Robin, Jack in a Box, Sacrament of the Halter, &c. because the Wafer was round, and usually kept in a Pix. †2. A type of small ruff (ruff n.³ 2a). Obsolete (historical in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > ruff > types of quellio1631 Geneva set1633 round robin1642 fraise1801 Pierrot collar1881 1642 J. Taylor Apol. for Private Preaching sig. A3 King Arthur of Bradley, and his four hundred forty sixe Elders of the Round Table, the first men that ever wore Round-Robins. 1683 J. Norris Murnival of Knaves 10 Round Railing Throat he ever wore A Band, like that 'bout neck of Moor, Which by that Crew is call'd Round-Robin; With Bandstrings small dangling like Bobin. 1776–7 Whole Proc. King's Comm. Peace (City of London & County of Middlesex) 204/2 There were a pair of shirt sleeves, a pair of round robins,..and one pair of red and white cuffs. 1888 Clothier & Furnisher Jan. 57/1 In the time of Henry VIII. of many wives, it had become a narrow ruff or frill, and was known as a ‘round robin’. †3. Mechanics. a. A rim or plate designed to prevent dirt from affecting the movement of a carriage axle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > attached to the end of round robin1795 1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 232 (Gloss.) Round Robbins, broad rims fixed to the ends of the axletree bed..for preventing dirt falling in to injure the arms of the axletree. 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 669/1 Cuttoo-plate,..otherwise called a dirt-board, or round robin. b. A loop of leather or rubber through which passes a pole, spring, or other part of a carriage and by which it is suspended. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1805 Repertory of Arts 7 9 As carriages of this description are suspended by the pole when in motion, the bolt..is to be fixed to the pole near the centre; which bolt must be made stronger, to fasten the harness or round robbin. 1859 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 4 Nov. 764/2 It is also a matter of importance that the clapper be not shackled to the ring or staple in the crown, but suspended to it by means of a strong loop or round robbin of doubled hide. 1860 Repertory Patent Inventions 35 266 Another kind of shackle, technically called a ‘round robin’, chiefly used for broughams, mail phaetons, and such like vehicles. 1885 Saddlers, Harness Makers, & Carriage Builders' Gaz. 1 May 77/2 The illustration of a canoe landau is shown with a spring reaching from the front heel-bar..to the end of the bottom hind spring, to which it is joined by cow-mouth shackles and round-robins. 4. English regional (Devon). A small pancake. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pancake, tortilla, or oatcake > [noun] > pancake froise1338 pancakea1400 flawnc1400 crust-rollc1430 pancake wisea1500 flapjack1620 torteau1625 egg-fraise1693 wafer pancake1769 flamm1819 blini1842 leather-jacket1846 round robin1847 Pfannkuchen1856 palacinka1884 blintz1903 latke1909 crêpe Suzette1922 Dutch baby1927 spring roll1927 Palatschinken1929 egg roll1938 tostada1945 crêpe1951 ploye1959 palacsinta1964 pancake roll1967 appam1972 popiah1975 uthappam1976 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. (at cited word) Round-robin, a small pancake. 1894 W. A. Wheeler & C. G. Wheeler Familiar Allusions (ed. 7) 424 In some parts of England a pancake is called a Round Robin. II. A person, fish, or plant. †5. Chiefly depreciative. Applied to a man (in various allusive uses). Cf. robin n.¹ 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > man or boy knightc950 knapec1000 shalkOE knaveOE sergeantc1200 swainc1275 groom1297 garcion13.. ladc1300 harlota1350 serving-mana1400 manservant1409 varlet1483 handman1496 custrelinga1556 Sim Shakebuckler?1560 lackey-boy1575 vadelect1586 muchacho1591 round robin1591 varlettoa1616 vadelet1661 gossoon1684 skip1699 mozo1811 Jack1836 tea-boy1847 John1848 1591 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage f. 8 There in faith round Robin his deputy, would make them like wretches, feele the waight of his heauiest fetters. 1628 Excellent New Medly (single sheet) They say an old man hath no pith, Round Robin. 1636 R. N. in Ann. Dubrensia sig. I3^v Thou art he in whom All the brave Robins, meet to make vp one, Round-Robin, that's thy making. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 177 These Wat Tylers and Round-Robins, being driven or persuaded out of White-hall. 6. †a. North American. A freshwater sunfish of eastern North America, either the pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, or the redbreast sunfish, L. auritus. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Centrarchidae (sun-fish) > [noun] > member of genus Lepomis (sun-fish) bream1634 roach1637 sunfish1685 round robin1709 yellowbelly1775 redbelly1791 brim1795 sun perch1804 pumpkin seed1815 sunny1835 bluegill1877 redbreast1877 tobacco-box1877 red-eared sunfish1889 shell-cracker1889 sun1896 redear1931 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 152 Pearch small and flat, with red Spots, call'd round Robins. 1737 J. Brickell Nat. Hist. N.-Carolina 239 The fifth sort [of perch] are distinguished by the Name of round Robins and are the least sort of all, they are flat and very round shaped like a Roach. b. Chiefly Caribbean and U.S. Any of various marine fishes of the genus Decapterus (family Carangidae), characterized by a fusiform body almost circular in cross-section; esp. the round scad, D. punctatus, of Atlantic coastal waters, widely fished for food and as bait. Also called cigar-fish. Cf. robin n.¹ 5b.In Jamaican usage (see quot. 1961), probably a different fish. This is not identified in Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1980), but quot. 1898 (from a catalogue of fishes from Kingston, Jamaica) applies the name to a lizardfish, Synodus foetens. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Scombroidei (mackerel) > [noun] > family Carangidae (scads) > miscellaneous types of pompano1598 centronote1831 round robin1848 queenfish1906 kingfish1910 1848 R. H. Schomburgk Hist. Barbados iii. v. 669 Caranx macarellus... Round Robin. 1873 T. Gill in S. F. Baird Rep. Condition Sea Fisheries I. 803 Decapterus punctatus (Mitch.) Gill.—Dotted scad; round robin (Bermudas). 1876 G. B. Goode Catal. Fishes Bermudas 46 The Round Robin is seined in great numbers in Hamilton Harbor. 1898 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1897 96 Synodus fœtens (Linnaeus). Macca Robin; Round Robin. 1957 Copeia No. 3. 243/2 Decapterus punctatus. Round Robin. Eight small specimens, 2.7–4.9 cm. fork length, were taken..on July 7, 1954. 1961 F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk xv. 324 Similar too are the robins, of which Jamaican kinds are the round robin..and Moco robin. 1974 in R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage (1996) 478/1 The large round robin..would be retailed at 50 cents per pound, the small round robin 40 cents. c. English regional (Cornwall). The anglerfish Lophius piscatorius. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Lophiiformes (anglers) > [noun] > family Lophiidae > lophius piscatorius (angler) frogfish1598 frog1601 sea-fisher1601 sea-frog1601 friar1603 toad-fish1612 catfish1620 sea-angler1653 devil fish1666 monkfish1666 nass-fish1666 angler1776 pocket-fish1796 kettle-mawa1798 wide-gab1807 anglerfish1854 round robin1880 dragon- 1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 98 Round-robin, the angler fish, Lophius piscatorius. 7. English regional (south-western). Any of several hedgerow plants with pink flowers, esp. the red campion, Silene dioica. Cf. robin n.¹ 6. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > campion and ragged robin cow-rattle14.. campion1576 behen1578 crowsoap1578 white campion1578 catchfly1597 feather-top wild campion1597 frothy poppy1597 lime-wort1597 nonsuch1597 sea campion1597 spattling poppy (also campion)1597 Greek rose1601 lychnis1601 knap-bottle1640 moss pink1641 Lobel's catchfly1664 red robin1678 moss campion1690 red campion1728 round robin1741 Silene1751 Nottingham catchfly1762 silenal1836 Robin Hood1844 thunder-flower1853 gunpowder weed1860 sea-catchfly1864 robin redbreast1880 poppy1886 thunderbolt1886 rattleweed1893 cancer1896 bladder-campion- 1741 Family Mag. ii. 301/2 Take..succory, fluellin, monk-ear, herb robert, round robins, agrimony, wild sage [etc.]. 1882 H. Friend Gloss. Devonshire Plant Names 47 Round Robin, (1) Geranium Robertianum, L. Herb Robert. (2) Lychnis diurna, Sibth. 1884 H. Friend Flowers & Flower-lore. II. xvi. 478 Some call the Red Campion (Lychnis diurna) Round Robin, to distinguish it from Ragged Robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi). 1920 W. E. Brenchley Weeds of Farm Land xiii. 216 Lychnis dioica, L.—robin's eye, round robin, scalded apple, soldiers, [etc.]. III. Other uses. 8. A document (esp. one embodying a complaint, remonstrance, or request) having the names of the signatories arranged in a circle so as to disguise the order in which they have signed. Later more generally: any document of this type signed by many people, frequently in alphabetical order to indicate that responsibility is shared. a. Originally used by sailors, and often considered a nautical term. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > [noun] > involving letters or documents round robin1698 write-in1967 1698 C. Young in High Court of Admiralty Exam. & Answers (P.R.O.: HCA 13/81) f. 679^v Some of them drew up a paper commonly called a Round Robin, and signed the same whereby they intimated that if the Captaine would not give them leave to goe a shore, they would take leave. 1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates (ed. 2) xii. 332 The underwritten Petition [was] drawn up and signed by the whole Company in the Manner of what they call a Round Robin, that is, the Names were writ in a Circle, to avoid all Appearance of Pre-eminence. 1742 J. Campbell Lives Admirals (1748) II. 64 The Sailors on board the Fleet, signed, what is called by them, a round Robin, that is, a Paper containing..their Names subscribed in a Circle, that it might not be discerned who signed first. 1847 H. Melville Omoo xx I proposed that a ‘Round Robin’ should be prepared and sent ashore to the consul. 1870 W. Thornbury Tour Eng. I. 192 [He] so tormented his crew that they signed a round robin, and sent it to the Admiralty. 1897 B. Stoker Dracula vii. 85 Men all in a panic of fear; sent a round robin, asking to have double watch, as they fear to be alone. 1911 J. M. Barrie Peter & Wendy xvi. 233 The captain treated them as dogs, and they dared not express their wishes to him even in a round robin. 2006 E. Christopher Slave Ship Sailors i. iii. 116 The egalitarianism of the round robin could easily include sailors of African origin. b. In non-nautical use. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > other types of letter billet-doux1673 poulet1691 treble letter1753 round robin1755 screed1834 tickler1846 application letter1850 test letter1869 letter of envoy1873 hastener1922 fan letter1932 aerogram1933 yum-yum1943 newsletter1961 overnights1975 1755 Ld. Chesterfield in World No. 146. ⁋8 If I thought it could be of any use, I could easily present them with a round robin to that effect of above a thousand..names. 1793 J. Boswell Life Johnson (ed. 2) anno 1776 II. 60 [W. Forbes:] I enclose the Round Robin. This jeu d'esprit took its rise one day at dinner at our friend Sir Joshua Reynolds's. 1829 Farmer's Jrnl. Oct. 330 Last week the whole of the tenants..sent a round-robin to his lordship's steward. 1896 A. D. Coleridge Eton in Forties 133 The headmaster suggested our signing and sending a round robin of congratulation. 1920 Outlook 8 Sept. 64/2 He read the famous ‘round robin’ of the Republican Senators protesting against the terms of the first Treaty of Peace. 1978 B. Levin in K. Gregory First Cuckoo 13 Writers of round robins (‘We, the undersigned, each in his or her personal capacity..’) also choose The Times for preference. 2004 Gay Times Feb. 70/2 According to the National Catholic Reporter, 23 priests in Chicago signed a round robin letter addressed to ‘The Hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church’, calling it to stop using ‘violent and abusive language’ in relation to gay people. c. In extended use. ΚΠ 1815 F. Burney Let. 20 June in Jrnls. & Lett. (1980) III. 221 Vandamme c[ould] not too soon be cut off from the Centre which he disgraced, & I only wish his rival in ferocious cruelty d'avoust, as quick an exit. And I wish a round robin of ditto to many a Brother foul-fiend at Paris. 1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. App. p. xxi Such a round robin of mere lies, that you knew not which to begin with. 1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 355 That very evening he had been considering the presentation to him next day of a round robin of collective gratitude on his departure. 1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Aug. 7/1 As if to point up the homosexual theme, rather than to offer a round robin of sexuality. 9. a. A letter copied and sent to several recipients. In later use usually: spec. a letter of this kind relating personal news, sent on a particular occasion, esp. at Christmas. Cf. circular letter at circular adj. 8. Frequently attributive.Quot. 1871 appears to be an isolated early use. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > letter intended for many recipients fire briefa1643 circular letter1659 circulatory letter1668 circular1818 omnibus letter1861 round robin1871 chain letter1906 form letter1909 1871 Monthly Packet June 591 Shall I send a round robin, telling them that you would not have time to write books if you answered all their questions? 1921 Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 13 Oct. 9/4 The aid of members not present was guaranteed by T. O. Madison, chairman, and Al Holcomb, president, who will send out a round robin to all members. 1961 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 3 Sept. (Mag. section) 9/1 Round-robin letters are often useful... In this case a general letter is written stating all of the news and copies of it are sent to various members of the family, and friends. 1992 D. Morgan Rising in West iii. xx. 398 Doris got a round-robin letter from Renee announcing that Melissa had been sworn in as a citizen. 2004 Prima Nov. 119/3 In America it's common practice to send round-robins with Christmas cards, and it's now becoming more normal here. b. A letter, piece of writing, etc., sent around the members of a group, and added to by each recipient in turn. Cf. chain letter n. at chain n. Compounds 3. Frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1885 A. Baker More Half-hours with my Girls 204 How can I write to you all? I must write a kind of round robin, to be sent to each in turn. 1908 Eleusis of Chi Omega May 145 Round Robin is, as you know, a chain letter. It is like a gathering of the chapter to hear all the girls chatting at once. 1944 Atlanta Constit. 31 Mar. 3/6 The home security rules also ban correspondence with lonely hearts clubs back home and indulging in chain letters and round-robin circulars. 2002 D. Y. Goble Provin' Up xiii. 221 When Marie added her letter to the Round Robin, she always made an effort to tell about events on the homestead that she felt would be interesting to her former Oberlin chums. 10. a. Originally U.S. A tournament in which every player or team competes once with each of the others. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > types of all comersc1450 after-gamea1500 fore-game1594 revenge1616 plate1639 set-to1743 return match1753 bye1754 scrub-race1791 anybody's game (also race, match)1826 return1834 barney1843 bonspiel1858 handicap1861 pennant1865 home-and-home1868 benefit match1871 run-off1873 international1877 American tournament1878 Grand Prix1879 single1884 friendly1885 all-comers1889 pair1890 championship1893 round robin1894 replay1895 Olympiad1896 junior varsity1902 lightning tournament1903 rematch1903 road trip1903 pickup1905 freestyle1906 marathon1908 test1908 Derby1909 scrimmage1910 eliminator1911 twosome1911 triala1914 quadrangular1916 slug-fest1916 varsity match1921 needle contest1922 curtain jerker1923 needle match1923 open1926 needle fight1927 knock-out1928 shirt1930 masters1933 pro-amateur1934 tune-up1934 World Cup1934 pro-am1937 state1941 sizzler1942 runathon1943 mismatch1954 run-out1955 match-up1959 squeaker1961 triple-header1961 Super Bowl1967 invitational1968 needle game1970 major1976 slobberknocker1986 1894 N.-Y. Times 28 Sept. 3/5 A well-known player has proposed that the four players who reach the semifinals play a kind of ‘round-robin’ tournament. 1895 Official Lawn Tennis Bull. 3 Jan. 3/1 No one would..argue that a man of that rating could win in a round-robin. 1943 M. Kraitchik Math. Recreations ix. 231 In a round-robin tournament among teams of four or two we must arrange a schedule by which every team meets every other just once. 1978 Time 3 July 50/1 The 14 survivors and the West German team..moved to Argentina to join the host country's team in an exhausting series of round-robin matches. 2007 Weekend Post (Port Elizabeth) 21 Apr. 15/2 They play a mini tournament every month. It doesn't have to be round robin at all. Straight knockout, bru. b. Originally U.S. A group activity consisting of successive participation from each member of the group. Frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1915 Atlanta Constit. 7 Nov. 4 f/6 Chairman of the entertainment committee, R. S. Wessels, is going to invoke what he says is a ‘Round Robin’ method of introducing them. Every man must rise in his place and introduce the member next to him. 1958 Reading Teacher 11 169/1 The chief technique of this method is ‘round-robin’ reading. Everyone in the class has his science book open to the same page. Mary reads a line or perhaps a paragraph, and so on down the row. 1991 M. Haas Genocide by Proxy xviii. 194 The various delegations spoke next in a round robin. 2004 Broadband Satellite Communications for Internet Access x. 262 A round-robin approach is used to service all queues in a fair way. This prevents any one source from overusing its share of network capacity. 11. Betting. A wager consisting of three selections in different events, which are combined in various ways to produce ten individual bets (three doubles and a treble, and three pairs of ‘up-and-down’ bets). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > type of bet swoopstake1599 by-beta1627 levant1714 even money1732 play or pay bet1738 side bet1769 long shot1796 sweep1849 pay-or-play1853 sweepstake1861 pari-mutuel1868 to go a raker1869 flutter1874 skinner1874 by-wager1886 plunge1888 accumulator1889 saver1891 mutuel1893 quinella1902 parlay1904 Sydney or the bush1924 treble1924 daily double1930 all-up1933 round robin1944 double1951 twin double1960 perfecta1961 pool1963 lose bet1964 tiercé1964 Yankee bet1964 Yankee1967 nap1971 superfecta1971 tricast1972 triple1972 trixie1973 telebetting1974 trifecta1974 over-and-under1975 over-under1981 spread bet1981 1944 G. Panetta We ride White Donkey 110 ‘Give me Fogoso, Doubt Not, and Chop Suey’ I said, ‘two dollars each in a three-way round robin.’ 1988 J. Stevenson Fair Deal in Betting (Sporting Life) (ed. 2) 26 In a Round Robin bet, for instance, where a backer has invested ten £1 stakes plus £1 tax, he is prepaying the tax on ten bets. 2010 S. Best Leisure Stud. v. 128 Neal..found..‘morning punters’ bet higher stakes and placed more combination bets (round robins and yankees). Derivatives round robiˈneer n. a person who signs a round robin (see sense 8); spec. one of fifteen United States senators who signed a document stating they would not vote to impeach Governor Huey Long of Louisiana in 1929. ΚΠ 1933 H. P. Long Every Man King xii. 179 If ever again you fifteen round-robineers find me drowning, for Heaven's sake, let me drown! 1992 R. Mann Legacy to Power xxvii. 315 Fifteen men had rescued his father's career when they signed the famous Round Robin... In his own way, Russell was finally a Round Robineer. 2002 E. F. Haas in B. H. Wall Louisiana (ed. 4) xii. 280 Long continued to bestow favors on the fifteen ‘round robineers’. round-ˈrobining n. chiefly U.S. (now rare) (a) the action of competing in a round robin tournament; (b) the action or practice of canvassing people and acquiring their signatures in support of a particular action, measure, etc. ΚΠ 1925 Boston Daily Globe 23 May (Evening ed.) 6/8 The Eastern nines will be off for home fields, a little round-robining on their own account. 1952 Trust Bull. Sept. 27/1 Only those accounts whose recommendations have not been approved in the round-robining are actually taken up for discussion. 1977 Herald-Palladium (Benton Harbor, Mich.) 2 Sept. 12/2 A legislative committee cannot engage in ‘round-robining’, a method used by lawmakers to get a bill reported out of committee without having a meeting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1548
随便看	undercloak underclose undercloth underclothe underclothed underclothes underclothing underclothings underclub underclubbed underclubbing underclubs undercoachman undercoat undercoated undercoating undercoatings undercoats undercollector undercolor undercolored undercolour undercoloured undercommander undercomment