ripienoadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌrɪpɪˈeɪnəʊ/, U.S.

/rɪpˈjeɪnoʊ/

Inflections: Plural ripieni, ripienos.

Forms: 1700s– repiano, 1700s ripiéno, 1700s– repieno, 1700s– ripiano, 1700s– ripieno.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Italian ripieno; French ripieno.

Etymology: < Italian ripieno (noun) one or more supplementary players or instruments in an orchestral composition (1623 or earlier), (adjective) designating a supplementary part in an orchestral composition, the performer of which is not required to play throughout the performance (a1727; rare), specific uses of ripieno full, replete (14th cent.) < ri- re- prefix + pieno full (see plain adj.¹). In use as noun via French ripieno, noun (?1707 in plural ripieni , in the passage translated in quot. 1740 at sense B.; 1779 or earlier as adjective).The forms in -piano apparently show misapprehensions of the Italian term (or identification of Italian e with post-Great-Vowel-Shift a in pane , cane , etc.), rather than influence of Italian piano (see piano adv., n.¹, and adj.); they are now chiefly found in the context of brass bands (compare quots. 1933, 1954, 2001 at sense A. 1). In plural form ripieni after the Italian plural form. N.E.D. (1909) gives the pronunciation as (ripyē·no) /ripˈjeːno/.

A. adj.

1. Music. Originally: designating a supplementary part in an orchestral (or vocal) composition, the performer of which is not required to play (or sing) throughout the piece. Now chiefly: of or relating to a ripieno.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adjective] > supplementary

ripieno1724

1724 Short Explic. Foreign Words Musick Bks. 63 Repieno, or Repiano, signifies Full; and is used to distinguish those Violins in Concerto's, which play only now and then to fill up, from those which play throughout the whole Concerto.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Ripieno..is used in orchestral compositions, to distinguish those parts which are only occasionally introduced, to fill up and supply the chorus.

1848 Metrop. Mag. Aug. 354 The violincello spoke out the ripieno passages with human voice.

1879 in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 153 Handel's scores contain few bassoon parts, and those..mostly of a ripieno character.

1933 Radio Times 14 Apr. 82/3 Miners, cotton spinners and the like who get a real kick from the ripiano cornet and the bombardon.

1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) I. 914/2 Nowadays only one [sc. flugelhorn] is used, playing a separate part or combining with the repiano cornet.

1982 Musical Times 123 49 The ripieno parts must also have served for only one singer each.

2001 Brit. Bandsman 8 Sept. 22/2 The piece starts with what sounds like an innocent Habañera rhythm in the basses followed by soprano and repiano cornets supported by mellifluous horns and baritones.

†2. In extended use: that serves to fill up a place; supernumerary. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > excessive or superfluous > superfluous or unnecessary

wastec1380

voidc1440

superfluousc1450

supererogative1538

supererogatory1549

supervacaneala1575

supervacaneousa1575

supervacuous1577

supernumerary1617

excrescent1633

expletive1656

expletory1679

supererogant1737

ripieno1781

excrescentitious1833

excrescential1849

fifth-wheel1874

1781 H. L. Thrale Diary 10 Jan. in Thraliana (1942) I. 477 The Ripieno Men that serve to fill up a Concert or Chorus.

1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. iii. 52 An oriental Crœsus and his beautiful lady, one or two ripieno characters, and the observing party.

1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. ix. 135 In the..re-adjustment of the treasury-balance, he got a ripieno appointment.

B. n.

Music. Originally: a supplementary player or instrument, whose participation is not required throughout a performance. Now chiefly collectively: the body of instruments accompanying the concertino (concertino n. 2b) in baroque concerto music; (also in brass and military-band music) those performers or instruments not at the leading desk. Cf. tutti n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > [noun] > supplementary instrument

ripieno1740

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > [noun] > member(s) of orchestra or band > supplementary

ripieno1740

ripienist1820

1740 J. Grassineau tr. S. De Brossard Musical Dict. 203 There are..two kinds of Ripiénos [Fr. deux sortes de Ripieni], one whereof plays the part of the little chorus exactly... The other sort is much better, because they play a different part.

1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music III. 560 Twelve concertos for a violino principale, with two ripienos.

a1811 R. Cumberland Walloons in Posthumous Dramatick Wks. (1813) v. i. 145 I am but an underling ripieno in the band.

1873 H. C. Banister Music (1885) 248 The subordinate stringed instruments in an Orchestra are sometimes termed Ripieni, as distinguished from the Principals.

1935 P. A. Scholes Radio Times Music Handbk. 18 In the Concerto Grosso..the idea is..that two bodies of instruments are..responding to one another antiphonally... The larger body is called Ripieno.., and the smaller one ‘Concertino’.

1960 Times 2 Nov. 16/6 A ripieno of six players (five strings and harpsichord).

1976 Gramophone Dec. 1028/3 The balance and interplay between voices and ripieno are two of the several outstandingly successful features of the present performances.

2005 Wire Dec. 63/2 In a traditional concerto the basic opposition is soloist and ripieno, the ‘replenishing’ ensemble.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ripieno
释义	ripienoadj.n. Brit. /ˌrɪpɪˈeɪnəʊ/, U.S. /rɪpˈjeɪnoʊ/ Inflections: Plural ripieni, ripienos. Forms: 1700s– repiano, 1700s ripiéno, 1700s– repieno, 1700s– ripiano, 1700s– ripieno. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Italian ripieno; French ripieno. Etymology: < Italian ripieno (noun) one or more supplementary players or instruments in an orchestral composition (1623 or earlier), (adjective) designating a supplementary part in an orchestral composition, the performer of which is not required to play throughout the performance (a1727; rare), specific uses of ripieno full, replete (14th cent.) < ri- re- prefix + pieno full (see plain adj.¹). In use as noun via French ripieno, noun (?1707 in plural ripieni , in the passage translated in quot. 1740 at sense B.; 1779 or earlier as adjective).The forms in -piano apparently show misapprehensions of the Italian term (or identification of Italian e with post-Great-Vowel-Shift a in pane , cane , etc.), rather than influence of Italian piano (see piano adv., n.¹, and adj.); they are now chiefly found in the context of brass bands (compare quots. 1933, 1954, 2001 at sense A. 1). In plural form ripieni after the Italian plural form. N.E.D. (1909) gives the pronunciation as (ripyē·no) /ripˈjeːno/. A. adj. 1. Music. Originally: designating a supplementary part in an orchestral (or vocal) composition, the performer of which is not required to play (or sing) throughout the piece. Now chiefly: of or relating to a ripieno. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adjective] > supplementary ripieno1724 1724 Short Explic. Foreign Words Musick Bks. 63 Repieno, or Repiano, signifies Full; and is used to distinguish those Violins in Concerto's, which play only now and then to fill up, from those which play throughout the whole Concerto. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Ripieno..is used in orchestral compositions, to distinguish those parts which are only occasionally introduced, to fill up and supply the chorus. 1848 Metrop. Mag. Aug. 354 The violincello spoke out the ripieno passages with human voice. 1879 in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 153 Handel's scores contain few bassoon parts, and those..mostly of a ripieno character. 1933 Radio Times 14 Apr. 82/3 Miners, cotton spinners and the like who get a real kick from the ripiano cornet and the bombardon. 1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) I. 914/2 Nowadays only one [sc. flugelhorn] is used, playing a separate part or combining with the repiano cornet. 1982 Musical Times 123 49 The ripieno parts must also have served for only one singer each. 2001 Brit. Bandsman 8 Sept. 22/2 The piece starts with what sounds like an innocent Habañera rhythm in the basses followed by soprano and repiano cornets supported by mellifluous horns and baritones. †2. In extended use: that serves to fill up a place; supernumerary. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > excessive or superfluous > superfluous or unnecessary wastec1380 voidc1440 superfluousc1450 supererogative1538 supererogatory1549 supervacaneala1575 supervacaneousa1575 supervacuous1577 supernumerary1617 excrescent1633 expletive1656 expletory1679 supererogant1737 ripieno1781 excrescentitious1833 excrescential1849 fifth-wheel1874 1781 H. L. Thrale Diary 10 Jan. in Thraliana (1942) I. 477 The Ripieno Men that serve to fill up a Concert or Chorus. 1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. iii. 52 An oriental Crœsus and his beautiful lady, one or two ripieno characters, and the observing party. 1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. ix. 135 In the..re-adjustment of the treasury-balance, he got a ripieno appointment. B. n. Music. Originally: a supplementary player or instrument, whose participation is not required throughout a performance. Now chiefly collectively: the body of instruments accompanying the concertino (concertino n. 2b) in baroque concerto music; (also in brass and military-band music) those performers or instruments not at the leading desk. Cf. tutti n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > [noun] > supplementary instrument ripieno1740 society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > [noun] > member(s) of orchestra or band > supplementary ripieno1740 ripienist1820 1740 J. Grassineau tr. S. De Brossard Musical Dict. 203 There are..two kinds of Ripiénos [Fr. deux sortes de Ripieni], one whereof plays the part of the little chorus exactly... The other sort is much better, because they play a different part. 1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music III. 560 Twelve concertos for a violino principale, with two ripienos. a1811 R. Cumberland Walloons in Posthumous Dramatick Wks. (1813) v. i. 145 I am but an underling ripieno in the band. 1873 H. C. Banister Music (1885) 248 The subordinate stringed instruments in an Orchestra are sometimes termed Ripieni, as distinguished from the Principals. 1935 P. A. Scholes Radio Times Music Handbk. 18 In the Concerto Grosso..the idea is..that two bodies of instruments are..responding to one another antiphonally... The larger body is called Ripieno.., and the smaller one ‘Concertino’. 1960 Times 2 Nov. 16/6 A ripieno of six players (five strings and harpsichord). 1976 Gramophone Dec. 1028/3 The balance and interplay between voices and ripieno are two of the several outstandingly successful features of the present performances. 2005 Wire Dec. 63/2 In a traditional concerto the basic opposition is soloist and ripieno, the ‘replenishing’ ensemble. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1724
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