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单词 ripple
释义

ripplen.1

Forms: late Old English reppel, late Old English ripel, Middle English riple (in copy of Old English charter), 1600s 1800s ripple (English regional (Herefordshire)).
Origin: Apparently a word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Apparently cognate with Norwegian (Nynorsk) ripel , repel , Danish regional (Jutland) rebel , both in sense ‘long narrow piece of something, strip’ < the Germanic base of Norwegian regional ripa to tear off (see ripple v.2) + the Germanic base of -el suffix1. Compare repple n. and North Germanic forms at that entry.Compare also Shetland Scots repel (also rapel ) strip cut off the edges of flatfish, especially skate (probably < the unattested Norn cognate of the Scandinavian words listed above), and the derivative form riplins (plural), strips cut off the edges of flatfish, especially skate (probably < an unattested Norn word, cognate with or formed similarly to Swedish regional reppling a piece cut off, e.g. from meat, cheese, etc.; compare -ing suffix3). Attested earlier in place names, as Rippell, Worcestershire (first half of the 11th cent. in a copy of a charter of c680; also as Rippel (1086); now Ripple), probably with reference to a tongue of higher land along the Severn; Riple, Hampshire (1086; now Ripley); Ryple, Kent (13th cent. in a copy of a charter of 1087; now Ripple), probably with reference to a ridge of high ground; etc. Compare also the Shetland place name De Ripels, Fetlar, the name of a stretch of coast near Hubi, and also as a field name denoting strips of arable land near Fjel.
Obsolete (English regional (Herefordshire) in later use).
A strip of land, esp. woodland. Later: a copse, a thicket.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land > types of
ripplelOE
wildwooda1122
rough1332
firth?a1400
tod stripec1446
osiard1509
bush1523
bush-ground1523
fritha1552
island1638
oak landc1658
pinelandc1658
piney wood1666
broom-land1707
pine barrenc1721
pine savannah1735
savannah1735
thick woods1754
scrub-land1779
olive wood1783
primeval forest1789
open wood1790
strong woods1792
scrub1805
oak flata1816
sertão1816
sprout-land1824
flatwoods1841
bush-land1842
tall timber1845
amber forest1846
caatinga1846
mahogany scrub1846
bush-flat1847
myall country1847
national forest1848
selva1849
monte1851
virgin forest1851
bush-country1855
savannah forest1874
bush-range1879
bushveld1879
protection forest1889
mulga1896
wood-bush1896
shinnery1901
fringing forest1903
monsoon forest1903
rainforest1903
savannah woodland1903
thorn forest1903
tropical rainforest1903
gallery forest1920
cloud forest1922
rain jungle1945
mato1968
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 378) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 296 Ðonon andlang hagan to mintleage; andlang myntleage riple utt on alorburnan.
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 970) in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus (1846) IV. 49 Of ðære strete swa on weasteweardan þutinga scylf; ðæt be repple on easteweardne cobbelea.
a1425 ( Bounds (Sawyer 762) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Shaftesbury Abbey (1996) 106 Arest of langan riple up be wirtrume on wlfgedyce.
1633 Hereford Munic. MSS (transcript) 163 And all that grove or ripple of trees nereto the said howse.
1839 G. C. Lewis Gloss. Words Herefordshire Ripple, a small coppice, or thicket of underwood.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Ripple, a small coppice. Heref.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

ripplen.2

Brit. /ˈrɪp(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈrɪp(ə)l/, Scottish English /ˈrɪp(ə)l/, Irish English /ˈrɪp(ə)l/
Forms: late Middle English rypple, 1500s rippill (Scottish), 1600s– ripple, 1700s riple (Scottish).
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to West Frisian ripel , rūpel flax comb, Dutch repel flax comb (1695; also (regional: Eastern) reppel (late 18th cent.)), Middle Low German rēpele flax comb (German regional (Low German) repel , räpel ), Old High German riffila sharp-toothed implement (probably ‘saw’ or ‘rake’) (Middle High German rifel , riffel flax comb, German Riffel ) < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the same Germanic base as reap v.1 + the Germanic base of -el suffix1. Compare earlier ripple v.1A synonymous formation from the same Germanic base, but without suffix, is probably seen in Dutch repe, Middle Low German rēpe, German Riffe.
Now chiefly Scottish, Irish English, and English regional (northern).
A toothed or hooked implement; spec. one resembling a comb, for removing seeds from flax or hemp. Cf. flax-ripple n. at flax n. Compounds 2a and ripple v.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > removing seeds > implement for
rippling combc1350
ripple?c1425
ripple-comb1499
ripple-stock?a1500
rippler1724
thrippling-comb1728
flax-ripple1880
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 251 The instrumentes for the hede ben sexe..The fourþ ben rugynes to make large with þe cliftes, And þai ben in the manere of a rypple of an hoke [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. rugyne of fuscariorum, i. caruours, L. rugine fuscariorum].
1567 Crail Burgh Court 6 Apr. Ane bed ane rippill v coiddis twa barrellis.
1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 22 They get out the seeds [of flax] by drawing it through an engine like an iron double tooth combe, which they call a Ripple.
1735 R. Ross Considerations Improvem. Linen Manuf. 9 His Ripples get off all his Seed, without disordering or turning his Flax-heads and Butts.
1766 Compl. Farmer at Hemp The seed..which remains in the heads of the hemp..is got out by combing the heads on the teeth of a ripple.
1807 R. C. Hoare Tour Ireland 324 If the seed [of flax] is to be saved, it is drawn through an iron comb, fastened in wood, called a ripple.
1846 J. Sproule Ess. Flax Ireland 20 The operation in this case not being performed by the ripple, but by repeated strokes of a stick.
1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 380 Lifting each handful separately and pulling the top through a ripple or iron comb fixed upon a piece of plank.
1917 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 31 506 They grasp the stalks by the root end and draw the heads through the ripple.
1990 J. Campbell Dibble Sticks, Donkeys, & Diesels 240 In primitive systems, the seed bolls are removed by pulling the plant through an upright steel comb called a ripple.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ripplen.3

Brit. /ˈrɪpl/, U.S. /ˈrɪp(ə)l/
Forms: 1600s rippill, 1800s repple (English regional (Lancashire)), 1800s– ripple.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ripple v.2
Etymology: < ripple v.2 Compare Norwegian regional ripla , ripel , Old Danish rible , riple , repel , etc. (Danish rible , †ribbel , †reble ), in the same sense. Compare earlier rippling n.2, ripple n.1, and perhaps also ruffle n.1, ruffle n.2
English regional (northern). Now rare.
A slight cut, scratch, or mark; a graze. Cf. rippling n.2
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [noun] > a disfigurement or blemish > scratch
ripplinga1450
ripple1666
1666 in J. Raine Depos. Castle of York (1861) 141 He..opened his buttons, and gave him some rippills with his knife on his breast.
1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Ripple, a slight scratch.
1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. (at cited word) A mark across the grain of wood, as if where a saw had just grazed, would be called a ripple.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ripplen.4

Forms: 1700s riple, 1700s ripple.
Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: ripples n.
Etymology: Probably an inferred singular < ripples n.
Scottish. Obsolete. rare.
Probably: an attack of the ripples (ripples n.).In quot. a1796, perhaps a fatal attack of illness.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in back
back-ache?c1225
ripples1568
lumbago1684
ripplec1700
bellon1794
rachialgia1807
painter's colic1822
notalgia1833
c1700 in D. Laing Var. Pieces Fugitive Sc. Poetry (1853) 2nd Ser. xli. 6/156 Her shell tought it great pity was Tat sic pra lass pe criple, Her shell could wish to ly wit such, Tho she should get a riple!
1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 50 The bridegroom winna' scruple To tell his bosom-friend what ail'th Him though he tak' the ripple On her some day.
a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 114 Auld Orthodoxy lang did grapple..But now she's got an unco ripple.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

ripplen.5

Brit. /ˈrɪpl/, U.S. /ˈrɪp(ə)l/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ripple v.3
Etymology: < ripple v.3 Compare earlier rippling n.3, and also earlier riffle n.
I. Senses relating to water.
1.
a. U.S. A stretch of shallow water in a river where the surface is mildly agitated by its passage over rocks, sandbars, or other obstructions; a shoal. Cf. riffle n. 3, rippling n.3 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > shallow part
glide1590
scour1689
rippling1745
ripple1755
1755 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1872) VI. 431 Swift water falls and Ripples that they were oblig'd to wade and carry all day.
1789 J. May Let. 28 June (1873) (modernized text) 131 The river so low that it is impossible to get over the shoal places, ‘ripples’, as they are called here.
1808 T. Ashe Trav. Amer. 1806 I. 92 The river is full of eddies, ripples, rapids, rocks, and other dangers.
1855 W. Sargent Braddock's Exped. 218 Forming a gentle rapid or ripple, and easily fordable at almost any point.
1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 532 In Pennsylvania..the more grievous obstructions are riffles, the slighter ones ripples.
1941 L. D. Baldwin Keelboat Age 71 The breaking of the water over the bars and chains was known to the boatmen as ripples, or riffles.
1964 F. O'Rourke Mule for Marquesa ii. 50 ‘How do we cross?’.. ‘Quicksand to the right. You move out the bar, angle downstream to that big ripple, then straight on across.’
2004 S. Welander et al. Canoeing & Kayaking Guide to Georgia 184 Small ripples and occasional tiny shoals keep the paddling interesting.
b. Nautical. In singular and plural. A disturbed state of the sea caused by strong or contrary currents; = rip n.5 1. Cf. rippling n.3 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [noun] > rippling
popplingc1575
horror1598
rippling1600
cockling1629
wimplinga1758
ripple?1760
jabble1831
?1760 New & Compl. Channel Pilot xvi. iv. 135 The best way is to follow the ripple of the tide, which is for the most part visible, or to go in about high water.
1789 A. Phillip Voy. Botany Bay xviii. 200 A strong ripple of a current was plainly to be perceived; and by five the ship had nearly cleared the straits.
1833 Q. Rev. July 492 In the eastern seas..it is well known a phenomenon frequently takes place, called the ‘ripples’, when the surface of the sea, in the midst of a dead calm, is thrown into the most violent state of agitation, rolling on, as would seem, with great velocity, while in point of fact there is no current whatever.
1869 A. R. Wallace Malay Archipel. I. 239 What seamen call the ‘ripples’ are also very violent in the straits, the sea appearing to boil and foam and dance like the rapids below a cataract.
2.
a. A light ruffling of the surface of water, esp. as caused by a slight breeze or by an object dropping into it; (also) a small wave or series of small waves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > small wave or ripple
wrinkle1633
ruffle1655
curl1766
ripple1785
ripplet1805
wavelet1813
pirl1817
wimple1845
riffle1925
ankle-slapper1991
1785 R. Cumberland Nat. Son i. 15 I have brought thee a brace of trout..shew'd noble play, up the stream and down the stream:—a cloud in the sky, a ripple on the water.
1794 T. Bellamy Misc. in Prose & Verse I. 203 Near the shade of that willow with Edward I rov'd, As the wave's gentle ripple received the moon-beam.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere vi, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 38 Its path was not upon the sea In ripple or in shade.
1814 W. Scott Diary 15 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. v. 176 The channel now seems like a Highland loch; not the least ripple on the waves.
1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 329 If water be rippled, the side of every ripple next to us reflects a piece of the sky.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule iii. 45 The wash of the ripples along the coast could be heard in the stillness.
1904 Westm. Gaz. 4 Feb. 5/2 They can see it approaching like a ripple on a smooth sea.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIV. 417/1 Ripples generated by wind at the interface between air and water on oceans and lakes are of importance to the friction of air flowing over water, and to the reflection and scattering of electromagnetic and sound waves.
1993 Waterline (Hayling Island Sailing Club) Summer 29/1 There was not a ripple on the water as we motored up the coast.
2006 Gold Coast (Austral.) Bull. (Nexis) 8 Dec. 40 Ripples from his powerful freestyle stroke infiltrate every corner of the pool.
b. Chiefly Geology = ripple mark n. Cf. sand ripple n. at sand n.2 Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mark on feature or surface > [noun]
seamc1330
footprint1552
stringa1728
wrinklea1807
ripple mark1831
ripple1838
grooving1846
wave-mark1863
sand-scratch1871
chatter-mark1888
cross-colouring1901
wave-marking1903
1838 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. ii. 40 This ripple is not entirely confined to the beach between high and low water mark, but is also produced on sands which are constantly covered by water.
1896 Geol. Mag. 4th Decade 3 521 Flying-sand falling upon the surface of a sand-dune blurs the pattern of the ripples.
1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) iv. 70 Ripples resembling those of the sand on the seashore.
1987 J. Hersey Blues (1988) 67 The sand undulated and was ridged with ripples.
2005 A. Foubert et al. in A. Freiwald & J. M. Roberts Cold-water Corals & Ecosystems 411 The superimposed ripples have different orientations that may be caused by the influence of tidal currents.
II. Figurative and extended uses.
3.
a. Something abstract that is held to resemble a ripple or ripples in form or movement, esp. in spreading outwards from a source or across its object; (also in plural) the mildly unsettling effects of some event (cf. to make waves at wave n. 3d).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > cumulative or ripple effect
ripple1838
cumulative effect1856
ripple effect1892
1838 R. W. Emerson Addr. Divinity Coll. 26 See how nations and races flit by on the sea of time, and leave no ripple to tell where they floated or sunk.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. iii. 62 Mere waves and ripples in an unfathomable ocean of love and beauty.
1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table viii It always seems to me that talk is a ripple and thought a ground swell.
1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 68 A long soft ripple of wind flowed over the corn, and brought a puff of warm air into their faces.
1949 W. A. Roberts in K. Ramchand & C. Gray West Indian Poetry (1972) 44 Pleasures..Pass in long ripples down her flanks.
1968 J. Winearls Mod. Dance (ed. 2) ii. 38 Raising and lowering can follow each other in uninterrupted snake-like ripples.
1978 T. Williamson Technicians of Death xvi. 150 You cause any ripples, Parish, and you'll wish you'd never heard of it.
1986 R. Sutcliff Flame-coloured Taffeta i. 12 Little ripples of sleep began to lap around her.
2002 F. Broughton & B. Brewster How to DJ (Properly) 66/1 What we get from Djing is a way of programming music. How you can shape a crowd, create ripples of energy and get people going crazy.
b. Something that has a rippling or wavelike physical form.
ΚΠ
1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 39 The fibres..will be found to be wavy, on the face, at right angles to that on which the ripple is observed.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. iv. 36 Her black hair waved..with a natural ripple.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxxii. 143 A glistening ripple of gossamer webs was visible.
1917 J. Conrad Shadow-line ii. 84 Two seamen,..with the reflected ripples of light running playfully up their bent backs, went on with their work.
1965 Gloss. Terms Copper, Zinc & Alloys (B.S.I.) 22 Ripple, a slight undulation repeated at intervals along the length of a flat product.
1981 S. Rushdie Midnight's Children 16 His face was a sculpture of wind and water: ripples made of hide.
2005 Daily Tel. 3 Aug. 21/3 A storm can send out ripples called ‘gravity waves’.
c. A sound as of rippling water; esp. a gentle lively sound, esp. of talk or laughter, that rises and falls. Also figurative: a rumour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > [noun] > rippling
trilling1567
rippling1769
ripple1857
society > communication > information > rumour > [noun]
speechc1000
wordOE
hearinga1300
opinion1340
talesa1375
famea1387
inklinga1400
slandera1400
noising1422
rumour?a1425
bruit1477
nickinga1500
commoninga1513
roarc1520
murmura1522
hearsay?1533
cry1569
scandal1596
vogue1626
discourse1677
sough1716
circulation1775
gossip1811
myth1849
breeze1879
sound1899
potin1922
dirt1926
rumble1929
skinny1938
labrish1942
lie and story1950
scam1964
he-say-she-say1972
factoid1973
ripple1977
goss1985
1857 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Aug. 227/1 With a tread as stealthy as that of an exhalation, he glided by the heads of the drunkards..causing no tiniest ripple of sound to break upon their hearing.
1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun I. xvii. 194 Talking in the quick, short ripple of the Italian tongue.
1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. vi. 97 A ripple of laughter floated from the hall.
1888 J. Ruskin Præterita III. ii. 63 Presently I was aware of a little ripple of brighter converse going round the table.
1919 J. Conrad Arrow of Gold iv. iv All this in a fascinating voice with a ripple of badinage that seemed to play upon the sober surface of her thoughts.
1933 Music & Lett. 14 52 The composer intends it as a mere ripple of muted sound.
1962 Times 3 July 12/2 A few shouts, a ripple of applause..was the total reaction as the procession whisked past.
1977 N. Adam Triplehip Cracksman vii. 71 There's a ripple he's walking a bit heavy these days.
2000 Independent 8 June i. 3/1 Prompting a ripple of laughter from his hosts, the Prime Minister's ice-breaker appeared to have worked perfectly.
4. Chiefly U.S., Australian, and New Zealand = riffle n. 4. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for treating ores > [noun] > for washing ore > for gold > part of sluice
riffle1848
ripple1853
sluice-box1857
1853 Mining Mag. July 63 The mill is composed of 12 stampers..together with the (at present) most approved method of amalgamating, embracing the use of blankets, ripples, double shaking tables, shaking pan, &c.
1862 S. Wekey Otago as It Is 65 They had the advantage..of going from one bar of the river to another..which, probably for ages, served as ripples on a grand scale, to catch and accumulate the gold-dust brought down by the river.
1879 R. J. Atcherley Trip to Boërland 114 Halfway down the box is a little ledge termed a ‘ripple’, about 2 inches in height.
1938 D. Forbes My Life in S. Afr. vi. 87 One had to keep the earth moving all the time. If it once settled to the bottom of the box it formed a solid mass, and did not settle into what are called the ripples on the bottom of the box made to catch the gold.
1959 J. H. Millar Westland's Golden Sixties 9 From these little ledges, ripples the men called them, one began to pick out pieces of yellow metal.
1967 P. R. May West Coast Gold Rushes (ed. 2) 528 Riffle or ripple: both terms were used for the grooves cut across the bottom of a sluice-box or for the much more common wooden bars fixed..to the bottom of a sluice.
5. Physics. A wave on the surface of a liquid, or at the interface between two liquids, for which the dominant restoring force is surface tension rather than gravity.Such waves typically have a wavelength less than a few inches.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > [noun] > undulation on surface
jobble1826
crispation1831
jabble1831
ripple1871
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > wave > types of wave
long wave1792
internal wave1804
stationary wave1833
solitary wave1838
standing wave1845
travelling wave1845
pressure wave1871
ripple1871
surface wave1887
sine wave1893
Rayleigh wave1903
shock wave1907
spherical wave1907
Love wave1924
bow shock1938
Rossby wave1951
soliton1965
1871 W. Thomson in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 42 374 The ‘Capillary waves’..referred to by Russell are what I, in ignorance of his observations.., had called ‘ripples’.
1887 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 9 67 Sir W. Thomson proposes to distinguish by the name of ripples those waves whose length is less than the above critical value of λ [= wavelength].
1966 Jrnl. Colloid & Interface Sci. 22 32 Formulas for calculation of surface tension and compression modulus from observed ripple wavelength and damping coefficient are given.
2004 P. G. de Gennes et al. Capillarity & Wetting Phenomena v. 133 We are interested here in the dynamics of such disturbances, which we will call either waves or ripples depending on whether they are dominated by gravity or capillarity.
6. Small periodic variations in voltage superposed on a direct voltage, or on an alternating voltage of lower frequency. Frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [noun] > variation in voltage > small
ripple1903
1903 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 32 653 The loss in outside circuits due to the ripple was therefore negligible.
1928 Observer 17 June 26/3 Manufacturers should publish a curve of inductance against direct current component, measured at ripple frequency.
1936 Brit. Patent 456,027 1/1 In order to reduce the effect of ripple current in the field winding of a loudspeaker whose field is energised by rectified A.C., it is customary to use a humbucker coil.
1947 R. Lee Electronic Transformers & Circuits iii. 66 Reactors are used in electronic power equipment to smooth out ripple voltage in d-c supplies.
1972 Physics Bull. Aug. 491/2 An automatically adjusting transformer ensures high stability; ripple is 1 mV peak to peak.
2000 P. Scherz Pract. Electronics for Inventors x. 296 If a circuit is not responding well to the ripple, an external high-current, low-pass filter can be added.
7. Military. A round of missiles, etc., fired or discharged in succession or at short intervals, esp. any one of a number of such waves. Cf. ripple-firing n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing
point and blank1590
false fire1602
potting1613
point-blank1614
running fire1629
pounding1633
bulleting1635
platooning1706
sharp-shot1725
street firing1727
ricochet1740
fire curtain1744
plunging fire1747
reverse fire1758
sniping1773
enfilade1796
rapid fire1800
line-firing1802
concentric1804
sharpshooting1806
rake1810
sniping fire1821
cross-firing1837
file-firing1837
curved fire1854
night firing1856
file-fire1857
volley-firing1859
cross-fire1860
joy-firing1864
snap-shooting1872
stringing1873
pot-shooting1874
indirect fire1879
sweeping1907
rapid1913
curtain of fire1916
ripple1939
ripple-firing1940
ripple fire1961
1939 Pop. Mech. Mar. 398/2 The torpedoes may be fired ‘ripple’ fashion, that is in a stream, one after the other leaving the tubes and reaching the vicinity of an enemy ship in succession.
1939 Pop. Mech. Mar. 399 (caption) How ten torpedoes are fired from the quintuple tubes in a ripple at enemy ship.
1951 Life 18 June 54/3 (caption) Using six rocket launchers with 24 tubes each, the platoon in a matter of seconds blasted Red positions with 144 rounds—a barrage which rocketmen call a ‘ripple’.
1968 Daily Express 12 Feb. 2/5 Ripple, an attacker's technique of sending off his missiles in waves, so that a defender fires his defensive missiles at the first waves and has nothing left to deflect the final blow.
1987 C. Chant Compend. Armaments 119 Rockets are fin-stabilized, and are fired singly or in ripples at 0.5-second intervals.
8. Originally U.S. A type of ice cream in which the base is interlayered with wavy bands of coloured and flavoured syrup, giving it a rippled appearance. Frequently in raspberry ripple and attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > ices > [noun] > ice-cream > types or forms of
pistachio ice?1790
iced tea1827
tutti-frutti1834
brown-bread ice1846
vanilla ice1846
vanille ice1846
Neapolitan ice1867
Neapolitan ice cream1868
hokey-pokey1884
strawberry ice cream1890
choc chip1903
horn1908
Tortoni1911
slider1915
choc bar1919
cone1920
Eskimo pie1921
brick1922
brickette1922
Eskimo1922
choc ice1924
cornet1926
briquette1927
gelato1932
ninety-nine1935
wafer1936
fudgicle1938
ripple1939
tub1939
vanilla1955
double dip1965
1939 Ice Cream Trade Jrnl. Nov. 19 (advt.) Fudge ripple ice cream.
1942 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 16 June 511/1 Ripple... For ice cream and flavoring concentrate for use in the manufacture of variegated type of ice cream and for use in the manufacture of a flavoring adapted to be applied on or to ice cream, sold in bulk.
1954 Boston Herald 5 Aug. 24/2 The ice cream cone is 50 years old, but it will never be middle-aged. Chocolate, vanilla, strawberry, maple walnut, pistachio, lemon sherbet, fudge whirl or cherry ripple.
1976 Milton Keynes Express 25 June 10 (advt.) Ice Cream... Raspberry Ripple, 4 litre £1.10.
1977 ‘J. Bell’ Such Nice Client xvi. 156 A pork pie..and an ice ripple from the freezer..brought her back into fighting shape.
1981 Times 2 May 7/4 Dessert..angel food cake, blueberry cheese cake, fudge, ripple ice cream.
2005 M. Lewycka Short Hist. Tractors in Ukrainian vii. 79 After dinner there is raspberry-ripple ice-cream from the freezer.

Compounds

C1.
a.
ripple-dripple n. poetic rare
ΚΠ
1916 E. Blunden Harbingers 49 The ripple-dripple of the brooks.
b.
ripple black adj.
ΚΠ
1895 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 26 Apr. 1/5 (advt.) Plain and figured crepons..full ripple black satin.
1965 Wireless World Aug. 28 (advt.) Dial escutcheon measures 6″ long by 41/ 8″ wide, finished ripple black.
2008 Law Enforcement Tech. June 86 The VHR mount is produced from laser-cut steel and powder coated with a ripple black finish.
ripple fresh adj. poetic rare
ΚΠ
1944 E. Blunden Shells by Stream 44 While some freed fountain of delight Played beauty ripple-fresh and bright.
ripple-warped adj. poetic rare
ΚΠ
1962 V. Nabokov Pale Fire 143 The ripple-warped reflection of a ledge that jutted high above his present position.
C2.
ripple box n. (a) Mining a box containing ripples (sense 4) for use in extracting particles from a flow of water (now rare); (b) an electrical device for producing an appearance of ripples.
ΚΠ
1853 Alta California (San Francisco) 31 May 2/1 Repeated instances have come to our knowledge when the amount of gold saved has been doubled by a little alteration or improvement made in the ripple-box.
1855 W. Howitt Land, Labour & Gold II. xxxii. 193 Two men with shovels..throw out as fast as they can the stones which are washed clean, all the dissolved earth having escaped through the grate..and left the particles of gold in the ripple-box below.
1906 P. Galvin N.Z. Mining Handbk. 86 The gold won is a fairly coarse sample, and is readily saved over 103 ft. of specially made ripple-boxes.
1998 F. Reid Discovering Stage Lighting (ed. 2) i. ii. 37 Water ripples can be projected at short range by a ripple box in which a perforated cylinder rotates in front of a long linear lamp.
ripple burnish n. Archaeology a rippled effect resulting from the burnishing of pottery before baking, often as a decorative style.
ΚΠ
1929 V. G. Childe Most Anc. East iii. 70 The commonest fabric..resembles the finer Badarian in the manner of its decoration..but lacks the tasteful ripple burnish and the fineness of the latter fabric.
1964 H. Hodges Artifacts i. 31 The effect of this ripple burnish can be highly decorative.
2005 Anatolian Stud. 55 54/1 Body shard of lentoid flask, one-third complete, slightly orange, ripple burnish.
ripple cloth n. cloth having a rippled appearance, esp. used in the making of warm houseclothes; cf. loop-work n. at loop n.1 Compounds 2 and zibeline n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > patterned > waved or watered
wave work1601
moire1660
ripple cloth1862
1862 Baner ac Amserau Cymru (Denbigh) 3 Dec. 784/3 (advt.) The New Ripple Cloth, 27s. 6d., worth 42 s.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 436 In housejacket of ripplecloth.
1922 Westm. Gaz. 27 Dec. 12 (advt.) Ripple cloth. An ideal washing fabric for Ladies' Dressing Jackets and Dressing gowns.
1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 276/1 Ripple cloth, woolen dress fabric with long silky hairs on right side. Also called zibeline.
1977 B. Pym Quartet in Autumn xvi. 139 Her old blue ripple-cloth dressing gown.
2000 A. Potts Sculptural Imagination ix. 346 In the central areas, a rectangular piece of ripple cloth has been dipped into liquid latex and left to set between slightly uneven plastic sheets.
ripple control n. a method of performing simple control operations, typically switching street lights on or off, by superposition of a high-frequency switching signal on the mains supply.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > switching devices > imposition of switching signal
ripple control1938
1938 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 83 827/1 The fullest advantage can only be taken of the ripple control principle if a central ripple transmitter..can be designed to cover the entire network fed at high tension from that point.
2009 Electric Power Syst. Res. 79 443/1 The ripple control system used by the grid is a low frequency voltage signal superimposed at MV substation.
ripple counter n. Electronics a type of binary counter consisting of a number of bistable circuits wired in cascade, so that a circuit changes state only after all the preceding circuits have changed state.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > electronic instruments > [noun] > specific type of counter
ripple counter1966
1966 Microelectronics Reliability 5 154 (caption) Formation of 4-bit ripple counter (frequency divider) from 12 die patterns (24 gates) by addition of second layer metallization.
1973 Sci. Amer. May 110/3 Combinations of flip-flops and nand gates interconnected as described are known as ripple counters.
2007 K. E. Barr ASIC Design viii. 181 Counters can be organized in two basic ways, the ripple counter and the synchronous counter.
ripple drift n. Geology (the appearance of) crosswise structure in a system of ripple marks on sedimentary rock, providing an indication of prevailing currents or flows at the time of deposition.Quot. 1859 is from a paper read at a meeting held on 15 April 1852.
ΚΠ
1852 H. C. Sorby in Proc. Geol. & Polytechnic Soc. West-Riding Yorkshire 15 Apr. (1859) 232 The particles of sand are drifted forward, and thrown down in layers on that side of the ripples towards which the current moves. This structure is what I call ‘ripple drifted’.]
1856 H. C. Sorby in Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 3 114 The direction of a current can also be ascertained from the ripple marks; from that modification of them for which I have proposed the term ‘ripple drift’.
1859 H. C. Sorby in Proc. Geol. & Polytechnic Soc. West-Riding Yorks. 3 232 The particles of sand are drifted forward, and thrown down in layers on that side of the ripples towards which the current moves. This structure is what I call ‘ripple drifted’.]
1972 G. D. Johnson & C. F. Vondra in A. G. Jhingran et al. Himalayan Geol. II. 126 (caption) Cross-stratified sandstones are symbolized by their dominant form (ripple-drift, planar, trough).
2002 G. M. Ashley in J. Menzies Mod. & Past Glacial Environments xi. 354/1 Density underflows carrying turbid mixtures of sand, silt and clay frequently deposit climbing ripple-drift sequences.
ripple effect n. an effect causing by rippling; spec. the continuous and spreading results of an event or action.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > cumulative or ripple effect
ripple1838
cumulative effect1856
ripple effect1892
1892 Bristol Mercury 28 Jan. 1/4 (advt.) Camel Hair Cloth. Ripple Effect.
1934 Geogr. Jrnl. 83 498 The question that always comes to my mind in looking at dune formations is what is the primary cause of the rhythmical or ripple effect, the succession of ridges and slacks.
1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 14 Feb. 10/3 Price-boosting already is producing a ‘ripple effect’ in which companies pass on increased costs in higher price tags on their own products.
1973 Times 20 Dec. 12/4 Industrial expansion is now halted by the three day week, not to say by the ripple effect of the public expenditure cuts.
1995 S. Gordon Etudes for Piano Teachers xiii. 139 The..ripple effect could easily build into a tidal wave of recognition and support for our profession.
ripple fire n. Military a mode of firing missiles, etc., in rapid succession or at intervals (cf. sense 7).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing
point and blank1590
false fire1602
potting1613
point-blank1614
running fire1629
pounding1633
bulleting1635
platooning1706
sharp-shot1725
street firing1727
ricochet1740
fire curtain1744
plunging fire1747
reverse fire1758
sniping1773
enfilade1796
rapid fire1800
line-firing1802
concentric1804
sharpshooting1806
rake1810
sniping fire1821
cross-firing1837
file-firing1837
curved fire1854
night firing1856
file-fire1857
volley-firing1859
cross-fire1860
joy-firing1864
snap-shooting1872
stringing1873
pot-shooting1874
indirect fire1879
sweeping1907
rapid1913
curtain of fire1916
ripple1939
ripple-firing1940
ripple fire1961
1961 N.Y. Times 19 Sept. 11 Soviet truck-mounted or tracked rocket launchers..can discharge in ‘ripple’ fire a great number of small..conventional artillery rockets.
1987 R. A. Gabriel No More Heroes (1988) i. 26 After each rocket is launched in ripple fire, the on-board computer will recalculate the trajectory for the next rocket.
2007 J. L. Holloway Aircraft Carriers at War i. 5 The main battery was using ripple fire rather than the salvos characteristic of US warships.
ripple-fire v. Military transitive to discharge (a missile, etc.) by ripple fire.
ΚΠ
1946 N.Y. Times 31 Mar. 26/5 The calliope consisted of sixty tubes,..and could ripple-fire its rockets at half-second intervals.
1991 U.S. News & World Rep. 4 Feb. 44/1 12 rockets can be ripple-fired in less than one minute at targets more than 20 miles away.
ripple-fired adj. Military (of missiles, etc.) discharged by ripple fire.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [adjective] > type of firing
popping1753
point-blank1765
sharpshooting1806
high-angle1856
straight-shooting1901
pot-shotting1943
ripple-fired1954
1954 Sun (Baltimore) 25 June (B ed.) 10/3 Proximity-fused bombs or photo flash bombs..high explosive rockets, ripple fired rockets, smoke rockets and guided missiles.
2000 D. Shayler Disasters & Accidents in Manned Spaceflight 351 A metal seat around the hatch..was bent, which indicates ripple-fired pyros and not the simultaneous pyros that were planned.
ripple-firing n. Military the discharge of missiles, etc., by ripple fire.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing
point and blank1590
false fire1602
potting1613
point-blank1614
running fire1629
pounding1633
bulleting1635
platooning1706
sharp-shot1725
street firing1727
ricochet1740
fire curtain1744
plunging fire1747
reverse fire1758
sniping1773
enfilade1796
rapid fire1800
line-firing1802
concentric1804
sharpshooting1806
rake1810
sniping fire1821
cross-firing1837
file-firing1837
curved fire1854
night firing1856
file-fire1857
volley-firing1859
cross-fire1860
joy-firing1864
snap-shooting1872
stringing1873
pot-shooting1874
indirect fire1879
sweeping1907
rapid1913
curtain of fire1916
ripple1939
ripple-firing1940
ripple fire1961
1940 Pop. Mech. Jan. 44 (caption) Circle, at center, modern method of discharging torpedoes from a destroyer consists of ‘ripple’ firing.
1969 Techtonophysics 8 533 The explanation must be sought in the fact that these shots were instantaneous quarry blasts while in the Merlebach quarry ripple firing was employed.
2004 A. Bowdoin Van Riper Rockets & Missiles iv. 42 Ripple firing multiplied the psychological impact of rocket barrages, subjecting the target to a steady cascade of explosions.
ripple-flaked adj. Archaeology (of a flint implement) finished by ripple-flaking.
ΚΠ
1875 Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. 1873–4 10 537 In our Scottish flint finds we meet with..none of the finely worked, ripple-flaked flint knives or daggers.
1919 Sci. Monthly 9 312 (caption) The ‘ripple-flaked’ knife above is from a pre-dynastic burial.
1960 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 4 Mar. 805/2 A fine ripple-flaked flint knife with gold leaf attached to the blunt end.
1994 M. Rice Archaeol. Arabian Gulf viii. 231 The finest ripple-flaked blade might be made in a morning or less.
ripple-flaking n. Archaeology the imparting of a rippled appearance to a flint implement (esp. a blade or arrow head) by secondary flaking with a tool (cf. pressure flaking n. at pressure n.1 Compounds 3), rather than by knapping; (also) the finish created in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > other processes
raggling1500
rigalding1688
tailing1700
rusticating1749
rustication1766
knobbling1785
boasting1823
wind-pinning1833
stroking1842
garreting1845
hearting1858
knobbing1875
ripple-flaking1883
retouch1885
1883 Trans. Stirling Nat. Hist. & Archæol. Soc. 1882–3 44 The manufacture of these implements may be said to be one of the lost arts, the production now-a-days of ripple-flaking, ie, of the fine wavy lines on the flints.
1921 Chambers's Jrnl. 5 Feb. 145/1 Brierly Stretton and I were..discussing the intensive examination of ripple-flaking.
1961 Amer. Antiq. 27 11/1 The third complex..seems to be closely related..having similar burins, microblade tools and side blades with ripple-flaking.
1995 M. Edmonds Stone Tools & Soc. v. 193 Ripple-flaking, a highly distinctive pattern of working which is found on a small number of daggers and arrowheads.
ripple pony cloth n. now rare = ripple cloth n.
ΚΠ
1918 Argus (Melbourne) 14 June 10/4 Black Ripple Pony Cloth, small ripple pattern, practically plain.
1952 C. W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothing 296 Ripple pony cloth..Resembles a finely ribbed miroir velvet with a bright finish.
ripple sole n. a kind of rubber sole on a shoe having thick ripple-shaped ridges.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > parts of footwear > [noun] > sole > other
cork1463
crêpe sole1926
platform sole1938
wedge sole1939
platform1945
ripple sole1949
Vibram1950
lug sole1961
1949 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 18 Aug. 25/3 (advt.) Rubber ripple sole for real mileage.
1963 N. Marsh Dead Water (1964) viii. 201 Gentleman's country shoes, size nine-and-a-half ripple soles.
1977 C. McFadden Serial xli. 88/2 Kate had already gone springing off in her ripple-sole Famolares.
1998 N.Y. Times 8 Dec. b15 There are now trendy styles like square-toe pumps with thick heels, platforms, wedgies, ripple soles and sport shoes.
ripple-soled adj. (of a shoe) made with ripple soles.
ΚΠ
1957 Doylestown (Pa.) Intelligencer 5 Dec. 25/1 (advt.) Men's ripple soled shoes.
1977 Austral. Furnishing Buyers Guide Spring–Summer 58/4 With heels, steel tips, crepe and ripple soled shoes, carpets are getting much more wear and tear.
2003 Los Angeles Times 19 Nov. d8 They were ripple soled, like the first Astroturf shoes.
ripple stitch n. (in knitting, crochet, etc.) a stitch used to create a wavy pattern; (in embroidery) a drawn fabric stitch having this effect.
ΚΠ
1922 Manitoba Free Press 13 June 20/3 The capes are knitted in ripple stitch.
1933 K. S. Lofthouse Compl. Guide Drawn Fabric 22 Ripple stitch... Worked from right to left... Three pairs are worked with six threads between.
1992 N.Y. Times 6 Nov. a30 Mary Wasielewski..makes rectangles, with ‘popcorn’ ‘flying V’ or ‘ripple’ stitches and her own signature: a heart.
ripple-through counter Electronics = ripple counter n.
ΚΠ
1969 Nucl. Instruments & Methods 70 65/2 Emitter-coupled circuits type MC 1013 P with a maximum working frequency of 80 MHz are used. They are connected as ‘ripple through’-counter without synchronisation.
2000 G. Smith Computer Interfacing xiii. 158 This is a 14-stage ripple-through counter, with clock and reset inputs.
ripple ware n. Archaeology a style of Neolithic pottery characterized by rippled patterning, found esp. at Egyptian and Mediterranean sites; cf. rippled ware n. at rippled adj.2 Compounds, Badarian adj., redware n.2
ΚΠ
1909 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1907–8 14 286 That the beginnings of such a motive in pottery could (apparently) come without imitation of metal is suggested by the ‘ripple’ ware of Neolithic Knossos.
1931 Discovery Sept. 293/2 Objects from the earlier Badarian and Tasian cultures included well-preserved examples of the delicate black ‘ripple’ ware.
2004 D. Edwards Nubian Past iii. 61 At al-Kadada, ‘Ripple ware’ pottery comprised up to 70 per cent of the decorated wares.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

ripplev.1

Brit. /ˈrɪpl/, U.S. /ˈrɪp(ə)l/
Forms: Middle English 1700s riple, Middle English–1500s repel, Middle English–1500s rypel, late Middle English 1600s– ripple, 1500s repeyl, 1500s ripel, 1600s (1900s– English regional (northern)) rippel, 1900s– repple (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 rippil, pre-1700 1700s– ripple.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to West Frisian ripelje , rûpelje , Middle Dutch repelen (Dutch repelen , (regional) reppelen ), Middle Low German repelen (German regional (Low German) repeln , räpeln ), Old High German riffilōn (glossing classical Latin serrāre to saw (see serrate v.); German riffeln ), all in the same senses, and all ultimately < the Germanic base of ripple n.2 Compare later ripple n.2Compare also Dutch repen (16th cent.), Middle Low German rēpen (German regional (Low German) repen ), Middle High German reffen (German reffen ), and ( < Middle Low German) Swedish repa , all in the same senses (probably < the Germanic base of reap v.1; compare the Germanic forms cited at ripple v.2).
1. transitive. To pass (flax or hemp) through a comb (see ripple n.2) in order to remove the seeds; to clean of seeds in this manner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing flax, hemp, or jute > treat or process flax, hemp, or jute [verb (transitive)] > remove seeds > comb in order to remove seeds
ripplec1350
c1350 [implied in: c1350 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 545 Pessel, escuiour et rupere, swangulstoke, riplingcombe, swyngilwande. (at rippling n.1)].
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlixv Howe it [sc. flax] shuld be sowen weeded, pulled, repeyled, watred.
1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. 95 You must take ripple combs, and ripple your flaxe ouer.
1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xli. 256 It is indifferent whether you ripple it, or take off the boles of it, as soone as you bring it home, or when you intend to use it.
1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 75 Then ripple it [sc. flax] through a double tooth'd Iron Comb.
1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 11 I ripple it and water it, and, if I have leisure, proceed to dress it.
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 164 They..immediately ripple it to get the seeds off.
1846 J. Sproule Ess. Flax Ireland 18 As soon as the capsules containing the seed are dried.., the flax is ready for being rippled.
1905 Times 21 Jan. 7/6 When nearly ripe the flax is plucked up by the roots..and ‘rippled’ or combed of its roots and seeds by drawing the bundled stalks through the iron teeth of the rippling comb.
2003 A. D. Hood Weaver's Craft iii. 47 Following a two-week drying period, laborers, who were usually men, rippled the stalks to remove the seed.
2. transitive. Now usually with off. To remove (seeds) from flax or hemp by this process.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing flax, hemp, or jute > treat or process flax, hemp, or jute [verb (transitive)] > remove seeds
ripple?a1500
ripple-comb1899
deseed1931
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1826 in Poems (1981) 71 The carll pullit the lyne, Rippillit the bollis, and in beitis set.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlixv The bolles of flaxe whan they be rypeled of: must be redyled fro the wedes.
1732 T. Prior Slator's Advantages raising Flax 18 When the Bowles or Bells are thus Rippled from the Flax, you must immediately Thrash them well.
1796 J. Donaldson Mod. Agric. III. xvii. 40 Those who bestow most attention on the cultivation of flax in Scotland, generally ripple off the seed, even when there is no intention of saving it.
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 740 It is likewise the practice..to ripple off the seed-pods before the business of watering is commenced.
1861 Times 10 Oct. The bolls are rippled off and kiln-dried for very superior cattle-food.
1995 I. Jonsson in D. M. Hafter European Women & Preindustrial Craft i. ii. 17 In order to make the flax easy to handle, the seed was rippled off immediately after the harvest.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ripplev.2

Brit. /ˈrɪpl/, U.S. /ˈrɪp(ə)l/
Forms: late Middle English replid (past tense), late Middle English repulde (past tense), late Middle English rypple, 1500s– ripple, 1600s riple, 1800s repple (English regional (Lancashire)).
Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Norwegian regional ripla , early modern Danish rible , reble , rivle (Danish rible ), all in sense ‘to scratch, score’) < the Scandinavian base of Norwegian regional ripa to scratch, score, to tear off, pluck, Swedish repa , (regional) ripa to scratch, score, to pluck, pull, rip, tear (perhaps < the Germanic base of reap v.1, and hence perhaps ultimately from the same Indo-European base as rive v.1) + the Scandinavian base of -le suffix 3. Compare earlier ripple n.2 and later ripple n.3, and also later riffle v.Slightly earlier currency is apparently implied by rippling n.2 It is unclear whether the following quot. shows an earlier instance of the word (compare earlier rivel v.1):a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 56v Rugo, rypple or ryuele. It is also uncertain whether the following use of a form rypple in the sense ‘to trepan’ shows a metaphorical application of this verb:?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 238 Þai bothe rypple [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. crepaneþ, L. trapanant] and lifte vp olde fractures after þat þai passe foure or fyue dayes.Compare also the following for a use of a verbal noun in the same sense:?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 238 It is putte to ham to procede indifferently in alle þe brekynges of the hede, in vncouerynge, rypplinge [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. crepanyng, L. trapanando], and in schauynge and in drawynge out the bones with instrumentes.
English regional (northern) in later use. Now rare.
1. transitive. To scratch slightly; to graze or ruffle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > disfigure [verb (transitive)] > impair the beauty of > scratch
ripplec1475
c1475 Guy of Warwick (Caius) l. 9942 (MED) The Duke..smote to Gye..He hyt hym on the helme full stoute..He replid [a1500 Cambr. repulde] hys face and hys chyn, And of hys ryght cheke all the skyn.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Li/1 To Ripple, rescindere.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxv. iii. 264 An horsemans javelin..having slightly rippled the skinne of his left arme, pierced within his short ribs.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. x. 512 The others that had pass'd before had only rippled up the skin.
1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake 72 Sans hurt, or blemish, save a little strip Of hair and skin rippled upon her hip.
1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) at Riflura Whither it was a wound, or the flesh and skin were only riffled, or, as we now call it, rippled..so as it might be determin'd whether the Duel should proceed or not.
1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 95/1 Ripple, to scratch.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Ripple, to scratch gently, as with a pin, or to gore slightly.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby 155/1 Ripple, to scratch slightly as with a pin upon the skin.
1928 A. E. Pease Dial. Dict. N. Riding Yorks. 104/2 Ripple, to scratch slightly, to roughen or ruffle a surface.
2. transitive. To break up (ground) slightly; to plough lightly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > slightly
ripple1764
1764 Museum Rusticum 2 lxxiv. 247 The former only slightly plough, or ripple, their fallows the first year.
1785 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Midland Counties (1790) II. 368 By way of experiment,—rippled the vacant places of the bank, at the time of cutting this hedge.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ripplev.3

Brit. /ˈrɪpl/, U.S. /ˈrɪp(ə)l/
Forms: 1600s–1700s riple, 1700s– ripple.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by derivation. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: rip v.1, -le suffix; ripple v.2
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < rip v.1 + -le suffix (compare -le suffix 3), on account of the rapid movement of the ripples, or perhaps a transferred use of ripple v.2 (with reference to the scratched appearance of the surface of water). Earlier currency is probably implied by rippling n.3, rippling adj. Compare later ripple n.5
I. Senses relating to water.
1. intransitive. Of the sea, an expanse of water, etc.: to have or present a ruffled or crinkled surface (in earlier use somewhat threatening); to be covered with small waves; (also) to form ripples.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > move restlessly about [verb (intransitive)] > ripple
lipper1513
crisple1604
ripple1614
flutter1638
dimple1667
wimple1720
jabble1894
1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Naturall Questions iii. xxvi, in tr. Seneca Wks. 822 Some parts of the Sea doe the like in some seasons of the yeare, as about Messina and Milas, at which time she..boyleth and ripleth [L. aestuat], exhaling a stinking odor.
1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 18 The Sea ripled in many places.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. viii. 383 The sea had a very dangerous aspect, for it ripled and foamed, with all the appearances of being full of breakers.
1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 92 I watch the waves that rippling still Chase one another o'er the marble shore.
1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (1881) 9 The interstellar ether in which these waves ripple is assumed to permeate every body.
1887 ‘S. Cumberland’ Queen's Highway 15 Between the pines, little lakes sparkle and ripple in the sun.
1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling x. 92 A slight breath of air rippled across the marsh and the water rippled under it.
2002 D. Harris Mem. No One Particular ii. 24 I saw the water ripple on the lake.
2. intransitive. Of a stream, etc.: to flow in ripples. Frequently with adverb or adverbial phrase indicating the direction or manner of the action.
ΚΠ
1769 T. Gray Jrnl. 1 Oct. (1971) III. 1076 Along the vale of Eeman, which runs rapidly on near the way, ripling over the stones.
1786 West's Guide to Lakes (new ed.) 133 A rapid gurgling brook, that ripples [1778 tumbles] down a stony channel.
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 322 Watched the silver waves rippling through the arches of the broken bridge.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxiv. vi, in Maud & Other Poems 84 The rivulet at her feet Ripples on in light and shadow.
1894 J. Winsor Cartier to Frontenac 177 Southward, the sources of the Delaware and Susquehanna rippled onward to the great bays.
1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill vi. 193 The bubbling song of the stream as it rippled over smooth sandstone pebbles..died away.
1956 S. Plath Jrnl. 4 Aug. (2000) 575 Under the glaring sheen of the sun, the waves ripple in like blue watered-silk.
1995 P. Roth Sabbath's Theater 4 The bathing brook bubbled forth, clear water rippling down a staircase of granite boulders brokenly spiraling between the storm-slanted, silvery-green birches that overhung the banks.
3. transitive. Esp. of a breeze: to cause (the surface of water) to become rippled; to form little waves upon; to agitate lightly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [verb (transitive)] > cause to ripple > form ripples upon
snurl1719
ripple1786
1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 168 The water..was violently rippled by the flutter of their fins [Fr. Les poissons mirent la tête hors de l'eau, qu'ils agitoient fortement avec leurs nageoires].
1796 W. Gilbert Hurricane ii. 32 The peaceful breast of ocean Just rippled over with the wildring breeze.
1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited ii. 16 The vessel rippled the transparent water as she inclined easily on her way.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xvii. 157 A cool sea-breeze came rippling and darkening the surface of the water.
1887 H. R. Haggard Jess vii. 62 The great wind..does but ripple the shallow pool as it passes.
1922 T. S. Eliot Waste Land iii. 36 The brisk swell Rippled both shores.
1974 Sat. Rev. World (U.S.) 2 Nov. 32/3 The lake..was rippled by a sailboat.
2008 Kamloops (Brit. Columbia) Daily News (Nexis) 5 Sept. a1 The lake is calm, barely rippled by a slight breeze.
II. Extended uses.
4.
a. intransitive. To move or pass as if in ripples, esp. linearly or by radiation from a point. Frequently with out, through, etc.In Computing, of a change in data: to pass through related spreadsheet cells, fields, etc., causing dependent data to change in turn.
ΚΠ
1800 G. Walker Three Spaniards III. vi. 138 The wind gently rippled over the waves.
1838 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 701 Lucid thoughts came rippling through the dark.
1858 Sat. Rev. 20 Nov. 506/2 Saying that Mr. Jones..ripples out in a level current of poetical talk.
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets x. 312 Stone walls..fragrant with gadding violets that ripple down their sides.
1889 A. J. C. Hare Jrnl. Nov. in Story of my Life (1900) VI. xxv. 182 Life ripples by so quickly.
1924 R. Campbell Flaming Terrapin iii. 45 In spangled pride A python ripples from his shrivelled hide.
1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 39 We ripple with life through the days.
1939 ‘N. West’ Day of Locust xxii. 188 The stream of words rippled on without a break.
1956 U.S. Patent 2,734,684 4 With triggers 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 all ‘on’, a pulse, applied to the trigger 20, does not have to ripple through these triggers in order to flip the next trigger 26.
1979 A. Brink Dry White Season iv. iii. 294 Understandably, the waves rippled through the whole family, in one shock after another.
1983 Pop. Mech. Aug. 100/1 The electronic spreadsheet can recalculate all the affected cells almost instantly. The user can actually see the changes ripple through the cells.
1990 P. Newman Canad. Establishment Volume Two: Acquisitors (rev. ed.) ix. 559 He has precise calculations to show how each dollar spent in the Beaufort will ripple out into creation of three times more jobs in each industrialized federal riding.
1996 Accounting Technol. (Nexis) Apr. 18 If I change a number in one aspect, it ripples through all the software, for tax planning, retirement planning, and estate planning.
2007 Sacramento (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 27 Dec. h1 (headline) Violence ripples along Hwy. 50.
b. intransitive. Of sound: to flow in a light or sprightly manner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > make sound [verb (intransitive)] > wave-like motion
undulate1770
ripple1816
1816 Ld. Byron in Prisoner of Chillon & Other Poems 9 We heard it ripple night and day.
1851 Dublin Univ. Mag. Dec. 739 Waves of sound, like billows, ripple On the night.
1879 E. Dowden Southey iv. 85 The carillons ripple from old spires.
1892 D. B. W. Sladen Japs at Home xvi Nearly two minutes had elapsed before the last faint wave of sound rippled away.
1951 Musical Times 92 554/1 Ian Parrott's short piano rhapsody..rippled over from Wales, sprightly with bird song and other graceful figuration.
1999 Newsday (Electronic ed.) 7 Jan. The melodies here ripple out like laughter.
2008 Waterloo (Ont.) Region Record (Nexis) 12 July c1 The sound ripples through the quiet neighbourhood in downtown Waterloo.
5.
a. transitive. To cause an effect as of rippling on (an object). Frequently to ripple the surface of.
ΚΠ
1837 C. Lofft Self-formation I. ii. 82 It struck me with a sudden slight quivering, like that of a man shot through the head, and dead as it were by anticipation, before the death-stroke has time to affect him otherwise than by just rippling the surface of his sensations.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 140 Like the lake, my serenity is rippled but not ruffled.
1884 Fortn. Rev. Apr. 567 Hardly a single event of consequence has rippled the still surface of the financial world during the past month.
1920 Times 31 Jan. 11/1 It has not even rippled the placid surface of the lotus-lake of our existence.
1963 N. White Horatio Greenough iii. 74 The Cherubs rippled the surface of both the American sense of propriety and the American sense of humor.
2001 Wire June 31/2 In place of syncopated rhythm, he ripples the music's racing pulse through ebbing and flowing waves of beats, crested with the cymbal shots that signal the music's dynamic shifts.
b. transitive. To mark with or as with ripples; (also) to cause to undulate slightly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [verb (transitive)] > cause to ripple
curl1716
ripple1839
1839 W. F. Patterson Lady & Saints 146 As with sweet smiles their faces rippled, Each jollity his joram tippled.
1860 R. W. Emerson Beauty in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 264 There are faces so..flushed and rippled by the play of thought, that we can hardly find what the mere features really are.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors II. ii. 29 Mademoiselle rippled her shoulders.
1897 Geogr. Jrnl. 9 280 The finest variety of the assorted sands was also quickly rippled.
1960 Times 17 Feb. 10/3 Much of the traverse was conducted over a difficult surface rippled with sastrugi.
2005 N. L. Wood Kingdom of Lies 235 Her skin was rippled with childbirth stretchmarks and dimpled with cellulite no amount of dieting could remove.
c. transitive. Chiefly with out. To produce or utter with a rising or falling sound.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > say in other sort of manner
rifta1400
abraida1500
rumblec1520
mince1549
roll1561
slaver1599
troll1631
yawn1718
buzz1763
gurgle1805
namby-pamby1812
sibilate1837
ripple1890
nicker1929
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > make sound of or like water [verb (transitive)] > ripple
ripple1890
rill1891
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 192 The ordinary notion of printing—a man sitting at a piano and rippling out types.
1901 A. E. W. Mason Clementina xiii. 155 The girl reading it drew a breath and rippled out a laugh of gladness.
1913 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. ii. x. 313 ‘Why, you silly old thing..,’ rippled Stella.
1934 K. O'Brien Ante-room i. ix. 119 She rippled a fierce arpeggio up and down the keyboard, then swung round on the stool and faced her sister.
6. intransitive. To produce or experience an effect likened to rippling; to form or undulate in ripples.
ΚΠ
1844 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. vi. 187 Acres of houstonia, whose innumerable florets whiten and ripple before the eye.
1877 A. B. Edwards Thousand Miles up Nile xxi. 605 The young barley rippling for miles in the sun.
1928 Times 9 July 17/4 Open downs with bright grass rippling in the wind.
1940 Amer. Boy Feb. 19/2 Her lambent eyes seemed molten with green flames, while muscles rippled under her sleek skin.
1957 T. Ninomiya & D. J. Enright tr. K. K. Susukida in Poetry Living Japan 22 The tall grass Ripples across the wide field.
1996 R. Van Camp Lesser Blessed 19 His thick forearms rippled when he gripped a bat or whaled on somebody's skull.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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