† ron.

Forms:

α. Old English row, Middle English ro, Middle English roo, Middle English rou, Middle English rowe.

β. Scottish pre-1700 roif, pre-1700 rove, pre-1700 ruf, pre-1700 rufe, pre-1700 ruff, pre-1700 ruve, pre-1700 rwife.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch rouwe, rowe, Middle Low German rouwe, rouw, rūwe, rū, Old High German ruowa, rōa (Middle High German ruowe, ruo, German Ruhe), Old Icelandic ró, Old Swedish ro (Swedish ro), Danish roo, rou (Danish ro), and also (probably showing an ablaut variant of the same base) Middle Dutch rauwe, Old High German rāwa (Middle High German rāwe), perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἐρωή cessation, rest, Welsh araf peaceful, at rest. In Middle English probably reinforced by the Old English word's early Scandinavian cognate (compare Scandinavian forms listed above).In Old English a strong feminine (wō -stem) rōw . With the β. forms, with excrescent v , compare rove n.¹ and discussion at that entry.

Obsolete.

1. Rest, repose, peace. Frequently in ro and rest (also rest and ro).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > quietness or tranquillity > [noun]

stillnessc888

roOE

stilth?c1225

lowna1250

peacea1275

restc1350

tranquillityc1374

leea1400

tranquille1412

quietness?a1425

quiet?c1450

restfulnessc1450

quiety?a1500

quietation?1504

calm1547

calmness1561

peacefulnessa1566

halcyon1567

repose1577

quietude1598

still1608

hushtness1609

reposedness1616

reposeness1617

serenity1641

undisturbedness1649

indisturbance1660

pacateness1666

sleep1807

tranquilness1818

requiescence1837

reposefulness1872

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > rest

roOE

restOE

leathc1175

quieta1398

leathinga1400

restinga1450

reposinga1470

reposec1485

requiem1565

respire1590

reposure1602

reposal1614

reposance1647

lassation1650

recumbency1653

requiescence1654

α.

OE Guthlac A 213 Þær he [read hy] bidinge..mostum [read mostun] æfter tintergum tidum brucan, ðonne hy of waþum werge cwoman restan ryneþragum, rowe gefegon.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7042 Cristess resste. & cristess ro. & cristess swete slæpess. Sinndenn..I gode menness herrtess.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 69 Ich aȝeoue þe mi gast,..& do hit, blisfule godd,..to ro & to reste.

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 37 (MED) Comit, iblesede, in-to ro þat lesten sal eueir more.

?a1300 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Digby) xlvii, in Anglia (1881) 4 200 (MED) Ofte wen mon wenez best Lif and hele, ro and rest, Þe ax is at þe rote.

c1350 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 58 (MED) For-giue þi sinnes..And times giue of ro and rest.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1007 (MED) Paradis is..land o liue, o ro, and rest.

c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 121 (MED) Al þe fest of þe Sununday..Þai schal haue rou and rest perpetualy.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 19 Nowe ar we brought Bothe vnto rest and rowe [rhymes to, doo].

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 4880 (MED) Þar durst na paynym..harme do To na thing..Þat to saynt cuthbert kirke apent, Bot lete þaim rest in ro.

a1500 (?c1450) Bone Florence (1976) 840 (MED) Lordys sorowe was full stronge, Barons myght haue no roo.

β. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 60 Now at vnes, now in-to rest and ruff.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 14 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 95 This riche Rever dovn ran but resting or ruf Throwe ane forest.1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxxvi. 85 As wes, is, salbe ay, but roif.1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxxi. 5 His mynd sall moif, But rest or ruve.c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 22 To run that race but ather rest or rove.

2. In asseverative phrases, as so have I ro!

ΚΠ

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 17568 (MED) Sithen ȝe it say, I wol also Aȝeyn my wille, so haue I ro!

a1450 York Plays (1885) 112 Þe ruffe is rayned aboven oure hede, als haue I roo.

c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 134 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 362 Þat I for-think, sa haf I ro.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 30 (MED) Full well may we mys the as euer haue I ro.

1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) i. 148 As ever haue I rest or rowe, much he spake of glasse.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

rov.

Brit.

/rəʊ/, U.S.

/roʊ/, Scottish English

/ro/

Forms: Middle English ro, Middle English roo, Middle English rowe; Scottish 1500s rufe, 1500s ruve, 1900s– ro (Shetland).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ro n.

Etymology: < ro n. Compare Middle Dutch ruwen, rouwen, Middle Low German rouwen, Old High German ruowan (Middle High German ruowen, ruon, German ruhen), Old Swedish roa, ro, also (reflexive) roas (Swedish ro), Old Danish roo (Danish ro).

†1. transitive (reflexive). To rest oneself, be at peace. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (reflexive)]

resteOE

ease1330

roa1400

ronea1400

refreshc1405

recomfortc1425

breathea1470

unweary1530

recreate1542

aira1616

recruit1646

refect1646

regale1682

unfatigue1734

renew1783

cheer1784

delassitude1807

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3351 (MED) Ysaac went him forto ro [?c1400 Arms roo], And thoght on thinges he had to do.

2. intransitive. Chiefly Scottish (Shetland in later use). To have or take repose; to rest contentedly. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > temporarily cease activity or operation [verb (intransitive)] > rest

restOE

to hang up one's hatcheta1350

to latch one's ease, one's leave1377

sabbatize1382

roc1460

repose1494

repause1526

respire1566

respite1587

requiesce1653

to rest (also lie) on one's oars1726

to lay off1841

to rest up1858

spell1880

to lie off1891

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 284 (MED) Madam, wol ye stalk..in-to þe garden to se the herbis growe, And aftir, with our hostis wyff, in hir parlour rowe?

1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxx. 19 That thay ma nowþir rest nor rufe, Till thay mischeif þair sellis.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 10 My mad misfortoun dois me so commve thy [read that] I may nowþir rest nor ruve.

1908 J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland (1928) (at cited word) De kye couldno ro nowhere. Naet'in could ro wi' dis.

1914 J. S. Angus Gloss. Shetland Dial. (at cited word) Da ky'll never ro furt wi dis wadder.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ro
释义	† ron. Forms: α. Old English row, Middle English ro, Middle English roo, Middle English rou, Middle English rowe. β. Scottish pre-1700 roif, pre-1700 rove, pre-1700 ruf, pre-1700 rufe, pre-1700 ruff, pre-1700 ruve, pre-1700 rwife. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch rouwe, rowe, Middle Low German rouwe, rouw, rūwe, rū, Old High German ruowa, rōa (Middle High German ruowe, ruo, German Ruhe), Old Icelandic ró, Old Swedish ro (Swedish ro), Danish roo, rou (Danish ro), and also (probably showing an ablaut variant of the same base) Middle Dutch rauwe, Old High German rāwa (Middle High German rāwe), perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἐρωή cessation, rest, Welsh araf peaceful, at rest. In Middle English probably reinforced by the Old English word's early Scandinavian cognate (compare Scandinavian forms listed above).In Old English a strong feminine (wō -stem) rōw . With the β. forms, with excrescent v , compare rove n.¹ and discussion at that entry. Obsolete. 1. Rest, repose, peace. Frequently in ro and rest (also rest and ro). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > quietness or tranquillity > [noun] stillnessc888 roOE stilth?c1225 lowna1250 peacea1275 restc1350 tranquillityc1374 leea1400 tranquille1412 quietness?a1425 quiet?c1450 restfulnessc1450 quiety?a1500 quietation?1504 calm1547 calmness1561 peacefulnessa1566 halcyon1567 repose1577 quietude1598 still1608 hushtness1609 reposedness1616 reposeness1617 serenity1641 undisturbedness1649 indisturbance1660 pacateness1666 sleep1807 tranquilness1818 requiescence1837 reposefulness1872 the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > rest roOE restOE leathc1175 quieta1398 leathinga1400 restinga1450 reposinga1470 reposec1485 requiem1565 respire1590 reposure1602 reposal1614 reposance1647 lassation1650 recumbency1653 requiescence1654 α. OE Guthlac A 213 Þær he [read hy] bidinge..mostum [read mostun] æfter tintergum tidum brucan, ðonne hy of waþum werge cwoman restan ryneþragum, rowe gefegon. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7042 Cristess resste. & cristess ro. & cristess swete slæpess. Sinndenn..I gode menness herrtess. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 69 Ich aȝeoue þe mi gast,..& do hit, blisfule godd,..to ro & to reste. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 37 (MED) Comit, iblesede, in-to ro þat lesten sal eueir more. ?a1300 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Digby) xlvii, in Anglia (1881) 4 200 (MED) Ofte wen mon wenez best Lif and hele, ro and rest, Þe ax is at þe rote. c1350 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 58 (MED) For-giue þi sinnes..And times giue of ro and rest. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1007 (MED) Paradis is..land o liue, o ro, and rest. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 121 (MED) Al þe fest of þe Sununday..Þai schal haue rou and rest perpetualy. a1450 York Plays (1885) 19 Nowe ar we brought Bothe vnto rest and rowe [rhymes to, doo]. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 4880 (MED) Þar durst na paynym..harme do To na thing..Þat to saynt cuthbert kirke apent, Bot lete þaim rest in ro. a1500 (?c1450) Bone Florence (1976) 840 (MED) Lordys sorowe was full stronge, Barons myght haue no roo. β. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 60 Now at vnes, now in-to rest and ruff.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 14 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 95 This riche Rever dovn ran but resting or ruf Throwe ane forest.1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxxvi. 85 As wes, is, salbe ay, but roif.1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxxi. 5 His mynd sall moif, But rest or ruve.c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 22 To run that race but ather rest or rove. 2. In asseverative phrases, as so have I ro! ΚΠ c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 17568 (MED) Sithen ȝe it say, I wol also Aȝeyn my wille, so haue I ro! a1450 York Plays (1885) 112 Þe ruffe is rayned aboven oure hede, als haue I roo. c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 134 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 362 Þat I for-think, sa haf I ro. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 30 (MED) Full well may we mys the as euer haue I ro. 1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) i. 148 As ever haue I rest or rowe, much he spake of glasse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). rov. Brit. /rəʊ/, U.S. /roʊ/, Scottish English /ro/ Forms: Middle English ro, Middle English roo, Middle English rowe; Scottish 1500s rufe, 1500s ruve, 1900s– ro (Shetland). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ro n. Etymology: < ro n. Compare Middle Dutch ruwen, rouwen, Middle Low German rouwen, Old High German ruowan (Middle High German ruowen, ruon, German ruhen), Old Swedish roa, ro, also (reflexive) roas (Swedish ro), Old Danish roo (Danish ro). †1. transitive (reflexive). To rest oneself, be at peace. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (reflexive)] resteOE ease1330 roa1400 ronea1400 refreshc1405 recomfortc1425 breathea1470 unweary1530 recreate1542 aira1616 recruit1646 refect1646 regale1682 unfatigue1734 renew1783 cheer1784 delassitude1807 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3351 (MED) Ysaac went him forto ro [?c1400 Arms roo], And thoght on thinges he had to do. 2. intransitive. Chiefly Scottish (Shetland in later use). To have or take repose; to rest contentedly. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > temporarily cease activity or operation [verb (intransitive)] > rest restOE to hang up one's hatcheta1350 to latch one's ease, one's leave1377 sabbatize1382 roc1460 repose1494 repause1526 respire1566 respite1587 requiesce1653 to rest (also lie) on one's oars1726 to lay off1841 to rest up1858 spell1880 to lie off1891 c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 284 (MED) Madam, wol ye stalk..in-to þe garden to se the herbis growe, And aftir, with our hostis wyff, in hir parlour rowe? 1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxx. 19 That thay ma nowþir rest nor rufe, Till thay mischeif þair sellis. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 10 My mad misfortoun dois me so commve thy [read that] I may nowþir rest nor ruve. 1908 J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland (1928) (at cited word) De kye couldno ro nowhere. Naet'in could ro wi' dis. 1914 J. S. Angus Gloss. Shetland Dial. (at cited word) Da ky'll never ro furt wi dis wadder. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OEv.a1400
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