† riveln.¹

Forms: Middle English reuel, Middle English revel, Middle English ryvel, Middle English–1500s ryuel, Middle English–1600s riuel, 1500s–1600s riuell, 1600s riuil, 1600s–1700s rivel.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rivel v.¹

Etymology: Apparently < rivel v.¹ Compare earlier rivelling n.

Obsolete.

A wrinkle or fold of the skin, esp. one on the face. Also: a wrinkle on the rind of a fruit, etc. Also figurative.Recorded earliest in rivel-stitch n. [ < rivel n.¹ + stitch n.²] the dewlap of an ox, steer, etc., as a cut of meat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [noun] > wrinkle

rimpleeOE

rivellingOE

rivelc1325

crow's footc1374

frounce1390

wrinklea1400

frumplec1440

freckle1519

line1538

lirkc1540

shrivel1547

plait1574

furrow1589

trench1594

crowfoot1614

seam1765

thought-line1858

laughter line1867

laugh line1913

smile-line1921

worry lines1972

c1325 (a1300) Custumal Bleadon in Mem. Hist. & Antiq. Wilts. & Salisbury (1851) 206 (MED) Habebit idem pastor de quolibet animali occiso collum, et sanguinem, et revelsticche, et hastingsticche.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xvi. 9 My ryuelis [a1425 L.V. ryuelyngis; L. Rugae] seyn witnesse aȝen me.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 257 Oo beste..haþ a large ryuel, as it were a bagge, vnder þe chynne.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 24273 Thou mayst se, by my lokkes hore, and by ryvels of my visage, How that I am called ‘Age’.

a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 94 Whos forhede is to full of ryveles vpon the brow, he is a stryver.

1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. E.v Though that the matrix..be full of ryuelles or wrinkles by the reason that it is so contract from a great amplytude.

1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia ii. sig. C7 And leauing it their lothsome playstered skins, Shall shew the furrowed riuels of their sins.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xii. vii It wanteth the due parching and ripening against the sunne: and by that meanes commeth short of the rivels and blacknesse that the outlandish pepper hath.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xviii. xii It causeth the skin to looke cleare and white, and without any rivels or wrinkles.

1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) A riuell, ride.

1701 A. J. Compl. Acct. Portugueze Lang. A rivel or wrinkle: A rúga.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† riveln.²

Forms: 1500s ryvelle, 1800s rivel.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: Latin rivellus ; riveling n.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < post-classical Latin rivellus small stream, rivulet (14th cent. in a British source; < classical Latin rīvus rive n.³ + ellus -ellus suffix; compare -el suffix²); or perhaps shortened < riveling n. (although this is first attested later). Compare classical Latin rīvulus small stream (see Rivulus n.). Compare later rivulet n., rival n.³, and riveling n.Apparently attested earlier in the following place name: Rewles (field name), West Riding, Yorkshire (1461; now lost).

Obsolete. rare.

A small stream of water; a rivulet.Quot. 1886 perhaps represents a typographical error for river.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rivulet or runnel

rindleeOE

runningc1350

stripec1440

ruissel1477

channel1478

veina1500

rivel1542

rivereta1552

rivulet1577

rundle1577

runnel1577

runner1578

runnet1601

rival1602

riverling1605

run1605

riveling1615

creek1622

drill1641

vein riveret1652

riverlet1654

rigolet1771

runlet1801

1542 in J. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. III (1828) II. 222 All the saide Kydlande is full of..dyvers valyes in which discende litle Ryvelles or brokes of water spryngynge out of the hilles.

1886 F. Leifchild in Contemp. Rev. July 90 'Tis A full-fed rivel [1886 Eclectic Mag. (Sept.) river] lapsing by.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† riveln.³

Forms: 1600s riuell.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rivel v.²

Etymology: Probably < rivel v.² Compare earlier ravel v.¹ 1 and slightly later ravel n.² 1.

Obsolete. rare.

A tangle; = ravel n.² 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > [noun] > that which is entangled > a tangle

node1572

knarl1598

snarl1609

rivel1625

ravel1634

snick-snarl1649

mare1688

harla1697

tangle1757

round turn1769

fankle1824

twist1858

twitter1876

taut1887

1625 T. Jackson Christs Answer §49 105 You haue perhaps already espied..a knot or riuell, wherewith your beliefe..may bee entangled.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

rivelv.¹

Brit.

/ˈrɪvl/, U.S.

/ˈrɪv(ə)l/

Forms: Old English rifelian, Middle English reuel, Middle English reuely (south-west midlands), Middle English riuele, Middle English ryuele, Middle English–1500s ryuel, Middle English–1600s riuel, Middle English– rivel, late Middle English ryuereled (past tense, transmission error), 1500s reuyll, 1500s riuell, 1500s ryvell, 1500s ryvill, 1600s rivall, 1600s rivell, 1700s rival. N.E.D. (1909) also records a form late Middle English ryvel.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: English rifian , -le suffix 3.

Etymology: Apparently < Old English rifian to become wrinkled (one attestation: see quot. OE at sense 1; of uncertain origin: perhaps < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of rive v.¹) + -le suffix 3.

1. intransitive. To become wrinkled or shrivelled; to form wrinkles or small folds. Also with up. In early use esp. of the skin, now chiefly of paint, varnish, or some similar coating.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (intransitive)] > wrinkle

rivelOE

wrinkle1530

frounce1532

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > contract or shrink > into wrinkles

wizenc890

clinga1000

shrinkc1000

rivelOE

snurpc1300

wrinkle1528

warp1579

shrivel1588

pucker1598

shirpc1639

tuck1797

weazen1821

cringle1823

swivel1898

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > become tangled [verb (intransitive)]

rivelOE

tangle1575

ravela1585

snarl1600

harl1609

twine1658

reeve1821

foul1835

taffle1840

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > become wrinkled

rivelOE

snurpc1300

runklea1425

crumple?c1450

wrinkle1528

purse1597

pucker1598

crinklea1600

crimple1600

rumple1622

ruckle1695

ruck1758

crunkle1825

pocket1873

crease1876

full1889

concertina1918

furrow1961

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Corpus Cambr. 162) xl. 528 Gerifelod [altered from gerifod; OE Royal Witodlice on ealdlicum gearum bið ðæs mannes wæstm gebiged, his swura aslacod, his neb bið gerifod, & his leomu ealle gewæhte].

?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 171 (MED) I riuele, i roxle, i rake, i rouwe.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 1681 Hire chekes ben with teres wet And rivelen as an emty skyn Hangende doun unto the chin.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 7260 High shoos knopped with dagges..Or botis Reuelyng as a gype.

a1500 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Oriel) (1869) B. v. l. 193 (MED) Ryueleden [c1400 Laud as a letheren purs lolled his chekes, Wel sydder þan his chyn þei chiueled for elde].

?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman ii. ix. sig. I^v The tender skynne wyll reuyil the more soone, and al the fauoure of the face waxeth olde.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 692/2 I ryvell, as ones vysage dothe for age, je ride.

1657 C. Beck Universal Char. sig. K5^v To rivell or wrinckle.

1756 G. D. Hist. Lavinia Rawlins i. 84 The Mouth of one's Grandmother, rivelled into the Folds of an Excess of Caution.

1841 G. Field Chromatogr. (new ed.) xviii. 280 Cappagh brown..dries promptly in oil, during which its surface rivels where it lies thick.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons ix. iii. 153/2 The..caldron..scalded his arm till it rivelled up like a leaf in November.

1960 Times 5 Mar. 9/5 If they [sc. the barrels] have bulged or slightly rivelled..the gun will be rejected.

1997 J. Hinks & G. Cook Technol. of Building Defects vi. 122 Edges of surfaces tend to collect thick paint coatings as the fluid paint gathers; these may run and rivel.

2. transitive. To cause (something, esp. the skin) to wrinkle, pucker, or shrivel. Also with up. Also intransitive. Now rare (in later use poetic and English regional (west midlands and south-western)).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle

frounce1390

shrinka1398

rivel1543

irrugate1566

wrinkle1566

plough1590

wrinklec1590

furrow1597

purse1598

ruge1615

trench1624

lirkc1686

seam1695

line1819

wrink1821

engrain1862

the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > shrivel up

rivel1543

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > contract or shrink > into wrinkles

shrenchc950

clinker1495

wizen1513

rivel1543

clinga1547

shrivel1609

warpa1616

pucker1616

plight1638

weazen1821

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease

frounce1390

frumple1398

crunklec1400

plighta1425

crinklec1430

crimple1440

rimple1440

rivel1543

wrinkle1543

crease1588

shrivel1609

befrumple1611

frowze1611

wrimple1611

pucker1616

furl1689

ruck1706

runkle1720

crink1821

furrow1853

crumple1858

ruckle1866

bumfle1911

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 75^v/1 This pouldre..dryeth, riueleth, or wrynkeleth, and incarneth not a lytle.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv It riueleth the face.

1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie ii. iii. 268 Quickly commeth on olde age, which riueleth the skinne.

1604 N. F. Fruiterers Secrets 15 Neither layed in a windy colde roome, for feare of shrinking and riueling them.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. v. iii. 642 Childbearing, old age, riuels her vpon a sudden.

a1704 T. Brown Satyr against Woman in Wks. (1707) I. i. 81 Till the devouring Heat..Rivel thy Body and distort thy Mind.

1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 67 And death came, death's breath rivelled up the lies.

1893 J. Salisbury Gloss. Words S.E. Worcs. (at cited word) Rirle or Rivel, He rivelled 'is brow.

1958 ‘S. Miles’ Lettice Delmer 166 Where the north wind rivels Every shrinking thorn.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rivelv.²

Brit.

/ˈrɪvl/, U.S.

/ˈrɪv(ə)l/

Forms:

α. Middle English reuel.

β. Middle English ryuereled (past tense, transmission error), 1500s ryvell, 1600s– rivel.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 rifle, pre-1700 ryfle.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Etymon: French rivler.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < Middle French rivler to ravel (although this is first attested later: 1530 in Palsgrave (see quot. 1530 at sense 2a); French regional (Walloon) si rifler to fray), probably a specific use of rifler rifle v.¹ Compare also Middle High German rifelen , riffeln to heckle, to comb (see ripple v.¹). Compare later rivel n.³ Compare also later ravel v.¹

†1. intransitive. To become entangled. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 4585 Ropes reueld [a1450 Lamb. Ryuereled, read ryueled], snarled in line.

†a. intransitive. With out. To fray, to unravel. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [verb (intransitive)] > ravel out

rivel1530

ravel1603

fuzz1702

fray1721

sleaze1777

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 692/2 I ryvell out, as sylke dothe, je riule.

b. transitive. To unravel, untangle (literal and figurative). Chiefly with †up, out. Now Newfoundland.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)]

arecchec885

unloukOE

overrunOE

sutelec1000

trahtnec1000

unfolda1050

belayc1175

openc1175

onopena1200

accountc1300

undo?a1366

remenea1382

interpret1382

unwrap1387

exploitc1390

enlumine1393

declarec1400

expoundc1400

unplait?c1400

enperc1420

planea1425

clearc1440

exponec1440

to lay outc1440

to give (also carry) lightc1449

unwind1482

expose1483

reducea1500

manifest1530

explicate1531

explaina1535

unlock?1536

dilucidate1538

elucidate1538

illustrate1538

rechec1540

explicate1543

illucidate1545

enucleate1548

unsnarl1555

commonstrate1563

to lay forth1577

straighten1577

unbroid1577

untwist1577

decipherc1586

illuminate1586

enlighten1587

resolvec1592

cipher1594

eliquidate1596

to take (a person) with one1599

rivelc1600

ravel1604

unbowel1606

unmist1611

extricate1614

unbolta1616

untanglea1616

enode1623

unperplexa1631

perspicuate1634

explata1637

unravel1637

esclarea1639

clarify1642

unweave1642

detenebrate1646

dismystery1652

undecipher1654

unfork1654

unparadox1654

reflect1655

enodate1656

unmysterya1661

liquidatea1670

recognize1676

to clear upa1691

to throw sidelight on1726

to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731

eclaircise1754

irradiate1864

unbraid1880

predigest1905

to get (something) straight1920

disambiguate1960

demystify1963

β.

a1628 N. Carpenter Chorazin & Bethsaida's Woe (1633) sig. B7 Hitherto have we rivell'd out that line which wee finde twisted together in my Text.

1650 C. Elderfield Civil Right Tythes 297 'Tis in the hands of all men, and rivels out the generall subject into many particulars.

1872 C. S. Calverley Fly Leaves 114 Mark first the rationale of the thing: Hear logic rivel and levigate the deed.

1964 in Dict. Newfoundland Eng. (1982) 414/2 They're continually..rivelling out brin bags; rivel out the bags, and take two or three strands..and twist together.

γ. c1600 in H. W. Meikle Wks. W. Fowler (1914) I. 385 Nowe this, nowe that, I ryfle vpp Within my buissy brayne.a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 42 In knotts and knars, that skarse can one tell how to beginne to unloose and rifle up the same.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1325

n.²1542

n.³1625

v.¹OE

v.²?a1400

单词	rivel
释义	† riveln.¹ Forms: Middle English reuel, Middle English revel, Middle English ryvel, Middle English–1500s ryuel, Middle English–1600s riuel, 1500s–1600s riuell, 1600s riuil, 1600s–1700s rivel. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rivel v.¹ Etymology: Apparently < rivel v.¹ Compare earlier rivelling n. Obsolete. A wrinkle or fold of the skin, esp. one on the face. Also: a wrinkle on the rind of a fruit, etc. Also figurative.Recorded earliest in rivel-stitch n. [ < rivel n.¹ + stitch n.²] the dewlap of an ox, steer, etc., as a cut of meat. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [noun] > wrinkle rimpleeOE rivellingOE rivelc1325 crow's footc1374 frounce1390 wrinklea1400 frumplec1440 freckle1519 line1538 lirkc1540 shrivel1547 plait1574 furrow1589 trench1594 crowfoot1614 seam1765 thought-line1858 laughter line1867 laugh line1913 smile-line1921 worry lines1972 c1325 (a1300) Custumal Bleadon in Mem. Hist. & Antiq. Wilts. & Salisbury (1851) 206 (MED) Habebit idem pastor de quolibet animali occiso collum, et sanguinem, et revelsticche, et hastingsticche. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xvi. 9 My ryuelis [a1425 L.V. ryuelyngis; L. Rugae] seyn witnesse aȝen me. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 257 Oo beste..haþ a large ryuel, as it were a bagge, vnder þe chynne. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 24273 Thou mayst se, by my lokkes hore, and by ryvels of my visage, How that I am called ‘Age’. a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 94 Whos forhede is to full of ryveles vpon the brow, he is a stryver. 1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. E.v Though that the matrix..be full of ryuelles or wrinkles by the reason that it is so contract from a great amplytude. 1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia ii. sig. C7 And leauing it their lothsome playstered skins, Shall shew the furrowed riuels of their sins. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xii. vii It wanteth the due parching and ripening against the sunne: and by that meanes commeth short of the rivels and blacknesse that the outlandish pepper hath. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xviii. xii It causeth the skin to looke cleare and white, and without any rivels or wrinkles. 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) A riuell, ride. 1701 A. J. Compl. Acct. Portugueze Lang. A rivel or wrinkle: A rúga. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † riveln.² Forms: 1500s ryvelle, 1800s rivel. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: Latin rivellus ; riveling n. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < post-classical Latin rivellus small stream, rivulet (14th cent. in a British source; < classical Latin rīvus rive n.³ + ellus -ellus suffix; compare -el suffix²); or perhaps shortened < riveling n. (although this is first attested later). Compare classical Latin rīvulus small stream (see Rivulus n.). Compare later rivulet n., rival n.³, and riveling n.Apparently attested earlier in the following place name: Rewles (field name), West Riding, Yorkshire (1461; now lost). Obsolete. rare. A small stream of water; a rivulet.Quot. 1886 perhaps represents a typographical error for river. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rivulet or runnel rindleeOE runningc1350 stripec1440 ruissel1477 channel1478 veina1500 rivel1542 rivereta1552 rivulet1577 rundle1577 runnel1577 runner1578 runnet1601 rival1602 riverling1605 run1605 riveling1615 creek1622 drill1641 vein riveret1652 riverlet1654 rigolet1771 runlet1801 1542 in J. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. III (1828) II. 222 All the saide Kydlande is full of..dyvers valyes in which discende litle Ryvelles or brokes of water spryngynge out of the hilles. 1886 F. Leifchild in Contemp. Rev. July 90 'Tis A full-fed rivel [1886 Eclectic Mag. (Sept.) river] lapsing by. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † riveln.³ Forms: 1600s riuell. Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rivel v.² Etymology: Probably < rivel v.² Compare earlier ravel v.¹ 1 and slightly later ravel n.² 1. Obsolete. rare. A tangle; = ravel n.² 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > [noun] > that which is entangled > a tangle node1572 knarl1598 snarl1609 rivel1625 ravel1634 snick-snarl1649 mare1688 harla1697 tangle1757 round turn1769 fankle1824 twist1858 twitter1876 taut1887 1625 T. Jackson Christs Answer §49 105 You haue perhaps already espied..a knot or riuell, wherewith your beliefe..may bee entangled. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). rivelv.¹ Brit. /ˈrɪvl/, U.S. /ˈrɪv(ə)l/ Forms: Old English rifelian, Middle English reuel, Middle English reuely (south-west midlands), Middle English riuele, Middle English ryuele, Middle English–1500s ryuel, Middle English–1600s riuel, Middle English– rivel, late Middle English ryuereled (past tense, transmission error), 1500s reuyll, 1500s riuell, 1500s ryvell, 1500s ryvill, 1600s rivall, 1600s rivell, 1700s rival. N.E.D. (1909) also records a form late Middle English ryvel. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: English rifian , -le suffix 3. Etymology: Apparently < Old English rifian to become wrinkled (one attestation: see quot. OE at sense 1; of uncertain origin: perhaps < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of rive v.¹) + -le suffix 3. 1. intransitive. To become wrinkled or shrivelled; to form wrinkles or small folds. Also with up. In early use esp. of the skin, now chiefly of paint, varnish, or some similar coating. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (intransitive)] > wrinkle rivelOE wrinkle1530 frounce1532 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > contract or shrink > into wrinkles wizenc890 clinga1000 shrinkc1000 rivelOE snurpc1300 wrinkle1528 warp1579 shrivel1588 pucker1598 shirpc1639 tuck1797 weazen1821 cringle1823 swivel1898 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > become tangled [verb (intransitive)] rivelOE tangle1575 ravela1585 snarl1600 harl1609 twine1658 reeve1821 foul1835 taffle1840 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > become wrinkled rivelOE snurpc1300 runklea1425 crumple?c1450 wrinkle1528 purse1597 pucker1598 crinklea1600 crimple1600 rumple1622 ruckle1695 ruck1758 crunkle1825 pocket1873 crease1876 full1889 concertina1918 furrow1961 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Corpus Cambr. 162) xl. 528 Gerifelod [altered from gerifod; OE Royal Witodlice on ealdlicum gearum bið ðæs mannes wæstm gebiged, his swura aslacod, his neb bið gerifod, & his leomu ealle gewæhte]. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 171 (MED) I riuele, i roxle, i rake, i rouwe. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 1681 Hire chekes ben with teres wet And rivelen as an emty skyn Hangende doun unto the chin. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 7260 High shoos knopped with dagges..Or botis Reuelyng as a gype. a1500 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Oriel) (1869) B. v. l. 193 (MED) Ryueleden [c1400 Laud as a letheren purs lolled his chekes, Wel sydder þan his chyn þei chiueled for elde]. ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman ii. ix. sig. I^v The tender skynne wyll reuyil the more soone, and al the fauoure of the face waxeth olde. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 692/2 I ryvell, as ones vysage dothe for age, je ride. 1657 C. Beck Universal Char. sig. K5^v To rivell or wrinckle. 1756 G. D. Hist. Lavinia Rawlins i. 84 The Mouth of one's Grandmother, rivelled into the Folds of an Excess of Caution. 1841 G. Field Chromatogr. (new ed.) xviii. 280 Cappagh brown..dries promptly in oil, during which its surface rivels where it lies thick. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons ix. iii. 153/2 The..caldron..scalded his arm till it rivelled up like a leaf in November. 1960 Times 5 Mar. 9/5 If they [sc. the barrels] have bulged or slightly rivelled..the gun will be rejected. 1997 J. Hinks & G. Cook Technol. of Building Defects vi. 122 Edges of surfaces tend to collect thick paint coatings as the fluid paint gathers; these may run and rivel. 2. transitive. To cause (something, esp. the skin) to wrinkle, pucker, or shrivel. Also with up. Also intransitive. Now rare (in later use poetic and English regional (west midlands and south-western)). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle frounce1390 shrinka1398 rivel1543 irrugate1566 wrinkle1566 plough1590 wrinklec1590 furrow1597 purse1598 ruge1615 trench1624 lirkc1686 seam1695 line1819 wrink1821 engrain1862 the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > shrivel up rivel1543 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > contract or shrink > into wrinkles shrenchc950 clinker1495 wizen1513 rivel1543 clinga1547 shrivel1609 warpa1616 pucker1616 plight1638 weazen1821 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease frounce1390 frumple1398 crunklec1400 plighta1425 crinklec1430 crimple1440 rimple1440 rivel1543 wrinkle1543 crease1588 shrivel1609 befrumple1611 frowze1611 wrimple1611 pucker1616 furl1689 ruck1706 runkle1720 crink1821 furrow1853 crumple1858 ruckle1866 bumfle1911 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 75^v/1 This pouldre..dryeth, riueleth, or wrynkeleth, and incarneth not a lytle. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv It riueleth the face. 1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie ii. iii. 268 Quickly commeth on olde age, which riueleth the skinne. 1604 N. F. Fruiterers Secrets 15 Neither layed in a windy colde roome, for feare of shrinking and riueling them. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. v. iii. 642 Childbearing, old age, riuels her vpon a sudden. a1704 T. Brown Satyr against Woman in Wks. (1707) I. i. 81 Till the devouring Heat..Rivel thy Body and distort thy Mind. 1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 67 And death came, death's breath rivelled up the lies. 1893 J. Salisbury Gloss. Words S.E. Worcs. (at cited word) Rirle or Rivel, He rivelled 'is brow. 1958 ‘S. Miles’ Lettice Delmer 166 Where the north wind rivels Every shrinking thorn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rivelv.² Brit. /ˈrɪvl/, U.S. /ˈrɪv(ə)l/ Forms: α. Middle English reuel. β. Middle English ryuereled (past tense, transmission error), 1500s ryvell, 1600s– rivel. γ. Scottish pre-1700 rifle, pre-1700 ryfle. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Etymon: French rivler. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < Middle French rivler to ravel (although this is first attested later: 1530 in Palsgrave (see quot. 1530 at sense 2a); French regional (Walloon) si rifler to fray), probably a specific use of rifler rifle v.¹ Compare also Middle High German rifelen , riffeln to heckle, to comb (see ripple v.¹). Compare later rivel n.³ Compare also later ravel v.¹ †1. intransitive. To become entangled. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 4585 Ropes reueld [a1450 Lamb. Ryuereled, read ryueled], snarled in line. 2. †a. intransitive. With out. To fray, to unravel. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [verb (intransitive)] > ravel out rivel1530 ravel1603 fuzz1702 fray1721 sleaze1777 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 692/2 I ryvell out, as sylke dothe, je riule. b. transitive. To unravel, untangle (literal and figurative). Chiefly with †up, out. Now Newfoundland. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)] arecchec885 unloukOE overrunOE sutelec1000 trahtnec1000 unfolda1050 belayc1175 openc1175 onopena1200 accountc1300 undo?a1366 remenea1382 interpret1382 unwrap1387 exploitc1390 enlumine1393 declarec1400 expoundc1400 unplait?c1400 enperc1420 planea1425 clearc1440 exponec1440 to lay outc1440 to give (also carry) lightc1449 unwind1482 expose1483 reducea1500 manifest1530 explicate1531 explaina1535 unlock?1536 dilucidate1538 elucidate1538 illustrate1538 rechec1540 explicate1543 illucidate1545 enucleate1548 unsnarl1555 commonstrate1563 to lay forth1577 straighten1577 unbroid1577 untwist1577 decipherc1586 illuminate1586 enlighten1587 resolvec1592 cipher1594 eliquidate1596 to take (a person) with one1599 rivelc1600 ravel1604 unbowel1606 unmist1611 extricate1614 unbolta1616 untanglea1616 enode1623 unperplexa1631 perspicuate1634 explata1637 unravel1637 esclarea1639 clarify1642 unweave1642 detenebrate1646 dismystery1652 undecipher1654 unfork1654 unparadox1654 reflect1655 enodate1656 unmysterya1661 liquidatea1670 recognize1676 to clear upa1691 to throw sidelight on1726 to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731 eclaircise1754 irradiate1864 unbraid1880 predigest1905 to get (something) straight1920 disambiguate1960 demystify1963 β. a1628 N. Carpenter Chorazin & Bethsaida's Woe (1633) sig. B7 Hitherto have we rivell'd out that line which wee finde twisted together in my Text. 1650 C. Elderfield Civil Right Tythes 297 'Tis in the hands of all men, and rivels out the generall subject into many particulars. 1872 C. S. Calverley Fly Leaves 114 Mark first the rationale of the thing: Hear logic rivel and levigate the deed. 1964 in Dict. Newfoundland Eng. (1982) 414/2 They're continually..rivelling out brin bags; rivel out the bags, and take two or three strands..and twist together. γ. c1600 in H. W. Meikle Wks. W. Fowler (1914) I. 385 Nowe this, nowe that, I ryfle vpp Within my buissy brayne.a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 42 In knotts and knars, that skarse can one tell how to beginne to unloose and rifle up the same. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1325n.²1542n.³1625v.¹OEv.²?a1400
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