单词 | rolled |
释义 | rolledadj. 1. a. Of a flexible object: turned in on itself; moved or wound into a more or less cylindrical or spherical shape; coiled, curled, or folded up. Also: wound or wrapped around something. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [adjective] > folded up or rolled up upfoldenc1400 rolled?c1425 uprolled1592 rolled-up1683 upfurled1818 upfolded1822 unevolved1831 telescoped1852 concertinaed1880 the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of form of roll rolled?c1425 ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 241 Rolle it [sc. a bandage] aboute þer by þe eres in streynynge. And lede the vttre ende downeward, and lede þe rolled ende vpward. 1467–8 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. June 1467 §19. m. 31 Every pece of worstede..hold the lengh and brede, as the syse was wont to be of old tyme..that is to witte..rolled worsted, .xxx. yerds longe, and di. yerde brode. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Tim. ii. sig. BBBBii Trymmyng them selues fyrst with a greate a doo by a glasse, with fynely rolled heare or enbrodryng of golde. 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 83v That which Alexander the great did cut in sunder with hys sworde: and amorously masked in rowled nettes. 1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 37 The matter not being able to be contained in the inside of the rolled Book, the rest was fain to be writ on the outside. 1695 J. Pechey Store-house Physical Pract. cxxvi. 510 A rolled Clout ought to be placed between his Teeth to keep his Chops from closing. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Bookbinding A double piece of roll'd Paper. 1771 tr. J. J. Winckelmann Crit. Acct. Situation & Destr. Herculaneum iv. ii. 93 In his hand there is a rolled writing, half unrolled. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 887 The rolled fleece will..be bulky in hand. 1912 Smart Set Apr. 145/2 The swat of the rolled newspaper. 1977 B. MacLaverty Secrets 106 After tea he took a rolled pacamac and walked out to explore the town. 2000 C. Hanger World Food: Morocco 54 Often, in restaurants, the warqa maker can be seen seated on a rolled carpet in the corner of the kitchen. b. Of meat or fish: boned or filleted and formed into a roll, often with a filling, before cooking. Cf. roll v.2 31d. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > [adjective] > methods of dressing meat triped1597 hasheda1643 oliveda1643 estamped1648 boned1660 fricasseed1672 collared1689 rolled1747 filleted1871 venisonized1881 Frenched1900 piqué1904 Cumberland1905 bone-in1914 ground1929 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery 19 A roll'd rump of beef. 1839 A. Langston Gentlewoman in Upper Canada (1950) 97 The former we regaled with rolled pig's head. 1861 I. M. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. xv. 343 Rolled loin of mutton (very excellent). 1917 J. Y. Norton Cook-bk. 113 Stuffed or rolled flounder. 1951 M. E. Terrell Large Quantity Recipes v. 121 Rolled steak with dressing. 1998 N. Lawson How to Eat (1999) 57 Rolled breast of turkey with chestnut and pine-nut stuffing. c. Biology. Of a shell, anatomical structure, leaf, etc.: that has grown, developed, or curled naturally to assume a tubular, scroll-like, or other curved form. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [adjective] > curled or curling crimpedeOE crumpled14.. lockering1513 curled1577 frizzled1596 curling1632 craped1728 incrispated1747 rolled1752 scrolly1845 scrolled1863 crimpy1871 quirled1893 1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 140 49 Its Diameter in this rolled State of its Lobes, is but of one Line. 1769 P. Miller Gardeners Kalendar (ed. 15) p. xlix. When it is turned back, or rolled..(revolutum,) or a revolved leaf. 1809 W. Nicholson Brit. Encycl. VI. at Table A univalve shell, very thin; its form a cone, flattened on its sides; its summit rolled, spirally and very small. 1839 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 37 33 In all our fragments.., the lower lip is reflected beneath, so as to form a kind of scroll or rolled edge. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palaeontol. 495 The free valve is oblique, or is spirally rolled. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 318 A pair of thin longitudinally rolled laminæ attached in front to the premaxillæ. 1993 R. L. Zimdahl Fund. Weed Sci. Gloss. 438/2 Spike stage, early emergence stage of corn in which leaves are tightly rolled to form a ‘spike’, usually before the corn is more than 2 in tall. 2007 D. V. Alford Pests of Fruit Crops v. 182 Eggs are laid within the rolled margins of young pear leaves. 2. Of a part of a garment: turned over. Also of clothing: having a turned-over part. rare before 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > having specific parts rolled?1510 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [adjective] > turned up, back, or down rolled1806 turned-up1836 turned-down1840 turned-back1861 rollaway1882 ?1510 Treatyse Galaunt (de Worde) sig. Aiv Beholde the rolled hodes stuffed with flockes. 1688 W. Canning Gesta Grayorum 30 No Knight of this Order, in walking the Streets, or other places of Resort, shall bear his Hands in his Pockets of his great rolled Hose. 1806 La Belle Assemblée Dec. 555 The cap à-la-rustique, formed of alternate waves of pink and white velvet, finished at the edge with a rolled band of the same. 1819 M. Edgeworth Let. ?10 Mar. (1971) 181 All the fashionable trimmings are of that rolled sort of flounces. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt III. xlvi. 221 The grandeur of barbaric forms—when rolled collars were not yet conceived. 1880 L. S. Floyer Plain Hints Examiners Needlework 125 Few..teachers appear to know the difference between ‘whipping’ and ‘rolled hem’. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 420/2 The younger generation adopted a round pith hat with a rolled edge of felt. 1928 Daily Mail 3 Aug. 10/4 Members of the audience looked twice before they could..appreciate the fact that she had rolled stockings. 1964 McCall's Sewing in Colour ii. 30/1 Lingerie hem, a rolled hem that is caught with two overcast stitches at intervals of 1/ 8 to 3/ 8 inch gathering it in puffs. 2005 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 7 Dec. 2 You get traditional tailoring with softly rolled lapels, four button cuffs and genuine horn buttons. 3. a. That has been made flat, smooth, or compact by means of pressure with a roller or rollers; reshaped with a roller or rollers. Also in noun phrases used adjectivally.cold-, flat-, hot-rolled: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > [adjective] > subjected to pressure presseda1500 rolled1593 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > [adjective] > flattened or rolled rolled1593 plated1634 milled1677 planished1683 the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > made smooth > by rolling rolled1593 1593 Edinb. Test. XXV. f. 231v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rollit Four stane of rollit latoun. 1678 Sheriffhall Coal Acct. Bks. 27 Apr. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rollit For 10 rowd wages. 1702 J. K. tr. F. Massialot Court & Country Cook 70 Cover them with the other piece of rolled Paste, and..close up every Parcel. 1743 Compend. Libr. Law (ed. 2) i. 196 The first and only inventor and maker of rolled iron plates tinned over. 1789 Deb. Congr. U.S. 17 Apr. (1834) 167 It was agreed to lay an impost of seven and a half per cent..on..slit or rolled iron. 1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 303 One of the plates is of cast and the other of rolled zinc. 1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 82/1 Rolled-iron Joists and Girders. 1931 A. D. Hall Soil (ed. 4) v. 161 A rolled and tightened soil will conduct the heat it received more rapidly to the lower layers than one which is loose and pulverulent. 1965 R. Hammond Dict. Civil Engin. 228 Tee-beam, a rolled steel section..in the shape of the letter T, the flat top being the table. 1987 K. Rushforth Tree Planting & Managem. (1990) ii. 38 Solid barrier surfaces, such as..heavily rolled and compressed tarmacadam surfaces. 2007 State Jrnl.-Reg. (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 27 Oct. 10 Someone stole a construction trailer containing $4,800 worth of rolled copper and $14,000 worth of tools and equipment from a work site. b. Baking (chiefly North American). Designating a biscuit, scone, etc., shaped by rolling out and cutting the dough. Opposed to drop, dropped (cf. drop-scone n. at scone n. 1). ΚΠ 1862 C. E. Francatelli Royal Eng. & Foreign Confectioner xiv. 150 (heading) Rolled biscuits. 1897 Evening Herald (Syracuse, N.Y.) 6 Sept. 5/5 Breakfast. Fruit, granola,..rolled biscuit, honey, coffee. 1914 B. J. Austin Domest. Sci. II. 102 Drop cookies are easier to make than rolled cookies. 1996 Washington Post (Nexis) 23 Oct. e1 For the rolled scones: Roll one half of dough into a strip 12 inches long and 1/2 inch thick. 2006 Our Canada Aug. 40 (caption) Munching on watermelon and Grandma Anne's delicious rolled cookies is a summer family tradition. 4. Caused to move in a particular direction by rotating on an axis or around a central point. Also Sport: (of a shot, pass, etc.) delivered in this way. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > [adjective] > rolling along > rolled along rolled1606 1606 T. Morton Full Satisfaction conc. Double Romish Iniquitie i. xvi. 50 Seeing a lying fame (like a rowled snowball) the further it moueth the more increaseth in her falshood. 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) Prol. in Wks. I. 5 Nor [is] roul'd bullet heard To say, it thunders. 1842 United Service Mag. Nov. 409 Like a rolled snowball, our party, which at first numbered but four, increased to about twenty. 1920 Amer. Physical Educ. Rev. Nov. 352 When the rolled ball hits the triggers, which are in the vertical position, the triggers swing under the front cross piece. 1953 Times 26 June 10/1 Cowan, taking a rolled pass from Bunyan, tried to beat Vernon..on the wing. 2007 Jrnl. Health, Physical Educ., Recreation & Dance Aug. 41/2 Dribble a ball while moving and changing hands; serve a tennis ball to the desired place on the receiver's court; kick a rolled ball in the desired direction. 5. Chiefly Geology. Of rocks, stones, etc.: worn to a smooth, rounded form as a result of being moved about by rivers, waves, or tides. Cf. rounded adj. 4.water-rolled: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > smoothed or rounded rounded1757 rolled1776 slickensided1875 1776 R. E. Raspe tr. J. J. Ferber Trav. Italy xiii. 190 There are some hills of rolled pebbles, ferruminated as a coarse breccia, and blunted by rolling on the ancient shore. 1824 W. H. Keating Narr. Exped. St. Peter's River I. ii. 61 The stones, of which the wall was built, are all rolled, mostly granitic. 1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 545/1 Sometimes it..contains rolled and broken pieces of crystallized felspar. 1919 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. 2 116 The ‘black Maoris’ of the Otago gold-diggers consist in most cases of rolled pebbles formed of a mixture of iron and manganese oxides. 1955 R. M. Pearl How to know Minerals & Rocks 160 Owing to its hardness, spinel is found as rolled pebbles in placer sand in the gem fields of Ceylon and Burma. 1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities iv. 31 The accountant..then submitted the paver's estimates on necessary road repairs, itemizing each cost, including the tolls for the transport of the rolled stone. 6. Of a consonant, esp. an r: pronounced with a vibration of the tongue or vocal cords. Cf. roll v.2 38a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > sonant > liquid > trill rolling1831 hirrient1832 trilled1848 rolled1852 1852 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 10 We have an illustration of the lh in the Welsh ll; and perhaps of the rh in the Greek ρ; the double, or rolled, r may represent it in any language. 1909 D. Jones Pronunc. of Eng. 25 There are no infallible rules for learning to pronounce the rolled r. 1967 J. D. O'Connor Better Eng. Pronunc. iii. 78 Sometimes they [sc. foreign learners] use a rolled sound in which the tip of the tongue flaps very quickly several times against the alveolar ridge..or the uvula taps against the back of the tongue in a similar way. 2002 Spectator (Nexis) 9 Nov. 97 I suspect Andrew Marr had his rolled 'r's ironed out at public school. 7. Music. Of a chord, notes, etc.: played or sung with a roll (roll n.2 5); arpeggiated. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > chord > [adjective] > arpeggio rolled1894 arpeggiated1901 1894 L. A. Russell Embellishments Music 20 Appoggiatura, with rolled chord. 1931 Music Supervisor's Jrnl. 17 72/3 There are seventeen numbers for solo piano and three short duets for the intermediate grade, developing use of the entire keyboard, after-beat, rolled chords, [etc.]. 1988 Early Music 16 613 The harmonically powerful rolled chords of the prelude..are ideally poised in Woolley's well-sustained performance. 1995 J. L. Witzleben ‘Silk & Bamboo’ Music in Shanghai iii. 47 These four rolled notes are more or less evenly divided over the duration indicated in the notation. 2005 Jrnl. Musicol. 22 480 A single rolled chord that condenses the arpeggiated motion of the song's accompaniment, is tinged with painful memories. Compounds C1. rolled asphalt n. (also more fully hot rolled asphalt) a surfacing material containing bitumen and a coarse aggregate material, as sand, stone, etc., laid and rolled while hot. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] > bitumen-based compositions > asphalt-based compositions rolled asphalt1928 mastic asphalt1930 Somastic1930 1928 San Antonio (Texas) Express 26 Oct. 7/1 (advt.) Streets paved with rolled asphalt over 8-inch rock base. 1954 Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.) 32 Clinker asphalt, a wearing course consisting of rolled asphalt in which the principal aggregate is clinker. 1965 Jrnl. Water Pollution Control Federation 37 684/1 The sub-base was followed by 2½ in. (6.3 cm) of hot-rolled asphalt in one layer. 2005 Independent (Nexis) 5 July 29 Al fresco in Manhattan usually means one thing, a roof top with perilous parapets and rolled asphalt that turns sticky underfoot under Manhattan's monsoon sun. rolled fondant n. Cookery fondant icing that has been or may be rolled out to cover cakes or to make cake decorations. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > garnish > [noun] > icing royal icing1770 couverture1935 pastillage1935 rolled fondant1962 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > garnishing > [noun] > icing or sugar coating icing1683 frosting1750 piping1846 fondant1861 water icing1881 buttercream1908 sugar-coating1908 rolled fondant1962 1962 Austral. Women's Weekly 18 July 36/4 (caption) Centre numbers are shaped from a thin strip of rolled fondant, dried then painted. 1979 N.Y. Times 12 Sept. c 6/4 [She] teaches basic cake decorating techniques: butter creams and frostings;..figure piping; rolled fondant and spun sugar. 2015 Orange County (Calif.) Reg. (Nexis) 3 July The cake is not made of dough and frosting, but is a 4-by-4-foot Styrofoam tower covered in rolled fondant. rolled gold n. and adj. (a) n. gold in the form of a thin coating applied to the surface of a baser metal by rolling; (b) adj. coated with this type of gold. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > gold plat1604 rolled gold1822 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [noun] > plating or coating applied to metal > types of goldOE wash1695 tinning1762 rolled gold1822 zopissa1862 nickel plate1873 coke finish1898 1822 Archæologia Æliana 1 5 The kind of rolled gold, which most resembled that of which the beads of Chesthope cairn were made, was called Prænestina bractea at Rome, form an image of fortune being overlaid with it at Præneste. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 17 Nov. 2/1 Here's a lovely rolled gold watch. 1975 Country Life 20 Mar. 747/1 Rolled gold ballpoint pen. 2002 J. H. Spring Educating Consumer-citizen (2003) vi. 166 The teacher gave the girl a Parker Pen in white rolled gold. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > moving trench or hill rolling trench1581 rolled hill1688 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xvi. 102/1 A Rouled Hill, is a great banke of earth made betwixt the face of a Bulwork and the besiegers; which being cast with shovels longer then ordinary, the lower part of this heap ouer the vpper, this hill is turned ouer and ouer, and is rouled on by degrees to fill the ditch. rolled oats n. oats which have been husked and crushed. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains polentaOE groats?a1100 tisanea1425 oat groatsa1475 grist?1567 polent1577 French barley1596 pearl barley1639 shelled corn1676 pot barley1761 burghul1764 semolina1784 yokeag1824 burgoo1825 Scotch barley1825 pearl sago1828 semoletta1844 semola1853 manna croup1864 manna groats1864 corn chip1868 rolled oats1870 flake-manna1886 flake-tapioca1886 grape-nuts1898 kibble1902 stamped mealies1911 stamp1923 bulgur1934 freekeh1940 stamp mealies1952 1870 Leeds Mercury 17 Nov. 1/5 (advt.) Hen Corn, Indian Corn, Locust Meal, Linseed Chaff, Rolled Oats, Bran, Sharps, Hay and Straw, Cattle Food, at Dickinson's. 1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 29 Oct. 8/1 (advt.) Robin Hood Rolled Oats, large drum 24¢. 1960 A. E. Bender Dict. Nutrition & Food Technol. 87/2 Rolled oats—crushed by rolling and partially pre-cooked. 2002 Baker's Catal. Jan. 10/2 You can make a good approximation [of oat flour] by using a blender or food processor to finely grind 1 cup of rolled oats. C2. With adverbs. See also rolled-up adj. rolled-down adj. that has rolled down, or been rolled down; spec. (of a window) that has been moved down to an open position by rotating a handle or activating an electronic control. ΚΠ 1873 Symons's Monthly Meteorol. Mag. Feb. 59 Trees brought down by the torrent were strewn in all directions, many of them buried deep in the rolled down boulders and gravel. 1964 Jrnl. Marketing 28 No. 2. 82/1 Photographing the scenery through the rolled-down window of an automobile. 1972 J. Gores Dead Skip (1973) vii. 43 The air coming in through the rolled-down window..was wet and heavy. 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 28 Oct. c18/3 A canteen-toting G.I. Jane look-alike who flaunts acres of flesh beneath her skimpy camouflage T-shirt, hot pants and rolled-down hose. rolled-in adj. that has rolled in, or been rolled in; esp. turned inward. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [adjective] > curved inwards combingc1503 inbenta1586 inbending1622 inflexed1661 incurvated1665 inflex1753 incurvate1776 incurved1816 rolled-in1832 introflexed1846 incurving1865 inflected1870 inwound1876 1832 W. Roxburgh et al. Flora Indica (new ed.) III. xiv. 113 [Seeds] are attached to the rolled-in edges of the valves of the capsule, as in the germ. 1883 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. 95 The interval between the retracted disc and the rolled-in peristome. 1983 H. G. Boardman & W. D. Montgomery Nat. Gas Markets after Deregulation vi. 70/2 As differences in the cost of gas became more pronounced, so too did the inefficiency of rolled-in pricing. 2007 Asphalt Contractor (Nexis) June 16 One of the problems we have is the old rolled-in rumble strip on the right shoulder is coming apart. rolled-out adj. (of a malleable substance, such as dough, clay, etc.) made thin and flat by means of pressure with a roller; adjusted to a desired length or breadth using a roller; cf. to roll out 1a at roll v.2 Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ 1839 J. Cole Pop. Biogr. Northants. I. i. 25 The pastry art..was..imparted in the management of the supposed elaborately rolled out dough. 1892 T. F. Garrett & W. A. Rawson Encycl. Pract. Cookery I. vii. 481/1 Line a dozen small Croustade-moulds with the rolled-out paste. 1912 L. P. Gratacap Pop. Guide Minerals 108 Gold will often be noted in sheets like rolled out metal. 2004 G. Woodward I'll go to Bed at Noon viii. 152 He was assembling his doves, cut from rolled-out clay. C3. In noun phrases used attributively. Cf. rolled-neck adj.Recorded earliest in rolled-collar-coated adj. ΚΠ 1891 A. Goddard Players of Period 232 Mr. Tree was the Beau, admirably made up in the bewigged, quizzing-glassed, short-waisted, rolled-collar-coated, beaver-hatted..mode of seventy years ago. 1919 Business Digest 6 605/2 Rolled edge arctics and gaiters.—To be confined to men's sizes only. 1962 L. Deighton Ipcress File xxv. 164 The British man..put on his rolled brim hat. 1977 S. Brett Star Trap xi. 125 Dinner jacket, but not the old double-breasted or now-dated rolled-lapel style. 2001 Art Room Catal. Autumn 34/2 Wild, witty and gloriously expressive, both the tie and the rolled-edge scarf make an instant statement about the wearer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.?c1425 |
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