| 单词 | run down |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto run down to run down 1. transitive. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > knock down > specifically a person or animal fellOE to strike down1470 quell1535 to run down1587 to trip (also turn, tumble, kick, etc.) up a person's heels1587 to strike up the heels of1602 level1770 silence1785 grass1814 send1822 to send to grass1845 beef1926 deck1953 1587 T. Hughes Misfortunes Arthur iii. iii, in Certaine Deuises 29 Her bulwarkes, fortresse, rampiers, walles and fence, These armes should reare the Rams to runne them downe. a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 39 Quhene they iunit witht the Inglischemen they had thame all run doune ore ever the Inglische speirs might tuiche thame. 1680 G. Whitehead Brief Acct. Sufferings Quakers 123 [He] rode up against him, and run him down with his Horse-brisket. b. Of a horse or (in later use esp.) a vehicle: to knock (a person) down; to run over. Also with the rider, driver, etc., as subject. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [verb (transitive)] > knock down with vehicle to run down1686 1686 tr. Rel. Invasion & Conquest Florida xxix. 154 They..made it their chief business to break the Indians who rallied, by running them down with their Horses, and pricking them with Lances. 1780 Mirror No. 88 (1781) 3 115 To keep them out of harm's way, to prevent them from falling into a ditch, or being run down by a carriage. 1800 A. MacLaren Soldier's Widow ii. i. 15 I'm not fond of the middle of the street, lest I shou'd be run down by a carriage. 1856 Titan Mag. Dec. 531/2 We stand a good chance of being run down by a tram. 1896 190th Ann. Rep. Town Officers Brookline, Mass. 103 The brave and prompt action of Patrolman Curry in saving a lady and a child from being run down by a runaway horse on Beacon street. a1933 J. Galsworthy End of Chapter (1934) i. xxiii. 188 They were nearly run down by the sudden convergence of two cars embarrassed by unwonted space. 1972 T. P. McMahon Issue of Bishop's Blood iv. 43 The grief-stricken brother had been paid five hundred dollars to run me down with a truck. 2005 V. Swarup Q & A 29 He jumped down from the speeding vehicle, narrowly missing being run down by a Maruti car. 2. transitive. a. To pursue (a quarry) until it is caught or killed; to hunt down; to track down. Also figurative and in extended use. Cf. to run to earth at earth n.1 Phrases 7a, to run to ground at ground n. 8f. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > hunt down or bring to bay stallc1400 to set up1608 to run down1650 to hunt down1711 to tire down1835 to stick up1850 bail1872 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xiii. 279 David should..be pursued, not giving him any breath, but either running him down outright, or killing him in the form, where they should finde him. 1659 E. Gayton Art Longevity xvi. 34 Thy Husband's old Canary, and fat Buck, With dogs run down, or else with arrowes stuck. 1735 Sportsman's Dict. I. at Buck The keeper commonly selects a fat buck out of the herd, which he shoots to maim him, and then he is run down by the hounds. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 309 The fowls..were likewise run down with little trouble; for they could scarce fly further than an hundred yards. 1807 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life II. xx. 253 After dropping a wash-ball,..bestirring yourself to run it down, by following its doublings, as it rapidly rolls about the room. 1876 A. S. Palmer Leaves from Word-hunter's Notebk. Pref. p. viii I have been successful in running down my quarry. 1891 Cornhill Mag. Mar. 300 A weasel will occasionally run down the strongest hare. 1922 J. Gregory Everlasting Whisper 183 ‘I am sorry I am so—so—’ He did not allow her to run down the elusive word. 1976 W. Marshall Gelignite vii. 109 I've had one of my people run down this fellow Dien for you. 1998 S. Dingo Dingo v. 45 These dogs ran down and cornered kangaroos, making a kill easier. b. Sport. To run to retrieve (a ball, shot, etc., esp. one that appears difficult to reach). ΚΠ 1901 R. H. Lyttelton Out-door Games 18 If your opponent at football is running the ball down, you can go for him, not with your fists, but with your body. 1966 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 21 July 5/5 I still can't believe it that after nearly four hours he was still running down every shot. 1991 Baseball Rookies 1 i. 31/2 When you see the outfielders can run down any ball, you don't have to paint the corners as much. 2009 M. Seles Getting Grip xxxv. 219 In the final I defeated..a determined and gritty retriever who runs down every ball. 3. transitive. a. To put down, overcome, overwhelm, or defeat (a person) by force or vigour of argument, criticism, abuse, etc. Now rare (in modern use generally superseded by 3b). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm overcomeeOE overgangOE overnimOE overswivec1175 foldc1275 overgoc1275 to bear downc1330 oversetc1330 outrayc1390 overleada1393 overreach?a1425 overwhelmc1425 to whelve overc1440 overruna1475 surprise1474 overpress1489 surbatea1500 overhale1531 overbear1535 overcrow1550 disable1582 surgain1586 overpower1597 overman1609 to come over ——1637 to run down1655 overpower1667 compel1697 to get over ——1784 overget1877 to grab (also take) by the balls1934 1655 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 1st Pt. 51 Like a wise Moderatour, when the Respondent is hard put to it by a subtile Opponent, takes him off, when he would else run him down. 1674 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 233 That he may not be run down by a Vote of ye House of Commons. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 259 I was run down again by him to the last Degree. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vi. 49 Here comes our good friend..that run you down fairly in the argument. 1779 Mirror No. 5 Talk..of painting, he runs you down with a description of the gallery at Florence. 1835 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) III. 274 An attempt to run down a man by abuse and clamour. 1855 Evangelical Christendom 9 34/1 These young divines..will force us to study in our declining years, that we may..not be run down by them in point of learning. 1930 Poet Lore 41 407 I recall his [sc. the Vicar of Wakefield's] reply to his wife's remark that Mr. Burchard had run him down fairly in argument. b. To disparage, denigrate, vilify; to give an unfairly low assessment of. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)] littleeOE low1340 dispraisec1386 minish1402 deroge1427 detractc1449 descryc1450 detrayc1475 dismerit1484 decline1509 vilipend1509 disprize?1518 disable1528 derogatea1530 elevate1541 disparagea1556 detrect1563 debase1565 demerit1576 vilify1586 disgrace1589 detracta1592 besparage1592 enervate1593 obtrect1595 extenuate1601 disvalue1605 disparagon1610 undervalue1611 avile1615 debaucha1616 to cry down1616 debate1622 decry1641 atomize1645 underrate1646 naucify1653 dedignify1654 stuprate1655 de-ample1657 dismagn1657 slur1660 voguec1661 depreciate1666 to run down1671 baffle1674 lacken1674 sneer1706 diminish1712 substract1728 down1780 belittle1789 carbonify1792 to speak scorn of1861 to give one a back-cap1903 minoritize1947 mauvais langue1952 rubbish1953 down-talk1959 marginalize1970 marginate1970 trash1975 neg1987 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love i. i. 7 I am reveng'd on you for running down my poor old Master. 1689 N. Lee Princess of Cleve ii. iii. 25 After all this they'll run you down, and say your Grace is no Scholar. 1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 226. ⁋4 He found himself run down as a superficial prating Quack. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1780 II. 335 A gentleman present..had been running down Ode-writing in general, as a bad species of poetry. 1844 S. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 337 I do not mean by this, unjustly and cowardly to run down O'Connell. 1889 F. C. Philips Young Ainslie's Courtship I. xii. 161 You need not run down the education we received. 1918 D. Haig Diary 17 Oct. in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 474 Papers seem to vie with each other in cracking up the French, and running down the British military methods and Generals! 1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood i. iv. 117 He'll run me down, inventing one evil thing about me after another. 1992 Woman 7 Dec. (Suppl.) 10/2 Don't listen to people who run you down—forget your lack of confidence. 4. transitive. To drive into (a boat) with sufficient force to sink it or to cause serious damage. Also with the occupants of the boat as object. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > cause to suffer shipwreck [verb (transitive)] > run down oversailc1330 to run down1659 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 137 There is a great care taken on both sides who should run down one another by the board first. 1732 S.-Carolina Gaz. 11 Nov. 3/2 A Perriauger..was run down and over-set by a Wood-Boat, near the Harbour. 1781 Ann. Reg. 1779 222 Capt. Drew, from London to Quebec, was run down by the Russell man of war. 1823 Examiner 754/2 The Captain..attempted to run the boat down. 1885 Law Times Rep. 53 60/2 The Chusan ran down a smack on the morning of the 24th Dec. 1905 Chatterbox 187/2 We were run down by a huge liner, which brutally went on our way, leaving us to our fate. 1938 M. K. Simkhovitch Neighborhood iii. 47 The ship was a Dutch liner. On the first night out we ran down a Gloucester fishing boat off her course. 2006 Best Life Apr. 45/2 To check on the sails, course, and weather, and to make sure I wasn't being run down by a passing ship. 5. a. intransitive. Of a clock, clockwork mechanism, etc.: to lose its motive power, become unwound; to cease to go. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes > specifically of a machine or mechanism standc1175 to run down1665 stop1789 seize1878 to go phut1888 to cut out1910 conk1917 cut1938 trip out1940 phut1959 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia xxi. 133 Several of those other motions that yet remain, whose springs were not quite run down, being now at liberty, begin each of them to move. 1699 Hist. Wks. Learned Oct. 618 A Watch-Maker that is constantly taken up with his Watch, whose Springs would run down every Moment, if he did not constantly mend and wait upon it. 1760 Crit. Rev. Dec. 458 You may make an eight-day clock run down, short of its time, by hurrying the springs. 1815 Philos. Mag. 45 465 The clock was one day unfortunately forgot, and allowed to run down. 1845 C. Dickens Cricket on Hearth ii. 113 The toys that had been set in motion for the Baby, had all stopped and run down, long ago. 1911 N. H. Moore Old Clock Bk. 161 Let the clock be wound up about half way, then take off the verge, and let it run down as rapidly as it will. 1994 J. G. Kennedy in E. A. Poe Narr. A. G. Pym Introd. p. xvii Poe extracts terror from the discovery that a watch has run down. 2008 Sherlock Holmes Myst. Mag. Winter 106 You told us no one had rewound them... Yet just now it ran for twenty-three minutes before running down. b. intransitive. figurative and in figurative contexts. ΚΠ 1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle iv. 49 Lov. What of the Watch? you laugh by the hour; you'll be run down by and by sure. Roeb. Ay, but I shall be wound up again. 1749 M. Collyer Lett. Felicia to Charlotte II. xxix. 49 Does it follow..that the whole [sc. the universe] is only a grand piece of clockwork, which, being set a going, will move several thousand years, before it be run down? 1837 Atkinson's Casket Apr. 182/1 He is nothing better than a model of a man, running down and wound up from sun to sun. 1889 F. C. Philips & C. J. Wills Fatal Phryne I. iii. 73 Madame burst into a flood of compliments. The doctor allowed her to run down. 1908 W. E. Norris Pauline xiii. 157 The excitement does me good. I am like a watch; I must be wound up or I run down. 1997 J. Case Genesis Code 24 To do nothing was tantamount to letting the world run down like a windup clock. c. transitive. To cause or allow (a clock, etc.) to lose its motive power. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1828 Periscope Dec. in Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. (1829) 10 247/1 Nature..induced a dysentery that ran down the machine with still greater rapidity than that with which it had been wound up. 1837 R. Mudie Spring 6 The spring..would run it [sc. a watch] down in a little more time than is occupied in winding, were it not for the counteracting influence of another spring. 1884 Jewelers' Circular & Horol. Rev. Apr. 93/1 An escapement so shallow, that if the banking pins were closed into the drop the escapement would run the watch down. 1913 W. P. Welpton Primary Artisan Educ. viii. 192 If food and air in sufficient quantities are withheld, exercise can but run the clock down. 2010 www.breitlingsource.com 25 Mar. (O.E.D. Archive) Running the chronometer all day has never run the watch down, or affected the accuracy at all. 6. transitive. To melt (metal, ore, etc.); to convert into by this process. Also: to render (fat). Cf. sense 47. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of melting > melt [verb (transitive)] > metals, wax, etc. temper1535 to run down1678 1678 tr. M. Charas Royal Pharmacopœa i. xliv. 30 It [sc. coagulation] happ'ns..to Metals, and other Minerals that may be run down, as Sulphur, Alum, Antimony, Nitre, Vitriol and many others. 1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 104 The People might..be unwilling to let the Plate be run down, if a War made it necessary to pay their Souldiers with it. 1752 M. Watson in Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 587 It hath been kept..in an Air-Furnace, in a Heat that would run down cast Iron in fifteen Minutes. 1759 W. Lewis tr. C. Neumann Chem. Wks. 145 In running down the arsenical Silver-ores, the workmen commonly add a large proportion of Lead. 1777 J. Williams Acc. Anc. Ruins iii. 11 The stones seem to have been partly run down, and partly enveloped by the vitrid matter. 1858 A. S. Piggot Chem. & Metall. Copper vi. 331 Calcination is performed upon the coarse metal... This is then run down into white metal. 1895 Daily News 15 Nov. 7/2 The parcel was one of scrap silver, which he wanted ‘run down’. 1915 Our Jrnl. (Metal Polishers Union of N. Amer.) Sept. 27/2 Lead sulphate and battery mud are said to..be valuable to those running down mixed metal drosses in the blast furnace. 1932 A. J. Worrall Eng. Idioms 78 The housekeeper runs down her dripping every week. 1954 W. H. Dennis Metall. Non-ferrous Metals iii. 144 Sinter is mixed with flux and run down in blast furnaces for the production of pig iron. 7. a. intransitive. Of an hourglass or sandglass: to reach a point at which (almost) all the sand has emptied from the upper chamber, indicating that the period of time being measured has (almost) elapsed. Frequently figurative (cf. to run out 1a(b) at Phrasal verbs 1). ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [verb (intransitive)] > allow sand to run through (of hourglass) run?1507 to run down1689 1689 J. Flavell Englands Duty iv. 110 There are two Glasses turned up this day, and both almost run down; the Glass of the Gospel running down on Earth, and the Glass of Christ's Patience running down in Heaven. 1814 J. H. Caunter Cadet II. 65 The glass of Life was running hasty down—But a few grains of precious sands were left. 1865 Student & Schoolmate June 177 The noiseless ‘sand-clock’ in Squire Allen's bar-room was fast running down. 1893 W. Walker Three Churchmen 259 When his hour-glass ran down, they made a signal to him to turn it, and go on for another hour. 1902 E. Armstrong Emperor Charles V I. viii. 164 If these fortresses once fell, Italians believed that the hourglass of liberation had run down. 1984 Boston Globe 6 July 1 Staying at home doing nothing gives normal people the feeling that they are frittering away their time, and the unpleasant accompanying sense of the hourglass running down. b. intransitive. Chiefly Sport. Of a timer: to count down to zero; to indicate that the period of time being measured has elapsed. ΚΠ 1899 N.Y. Times 2 Jan. 10/7 When the timer runs down at the expiration of the period for which it is set, this dog is raised automatically, thereby allowing the combination locks [on a safe] to be worked. 1937 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Oct. 10/4 Bill Gunther popping through for the six points two minutes, 40 seconds before the clock ran down. 1947 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 20 Oct. 18/6 At this point, the clock ran down and the time ran out, as the first half ended. 1994 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 24 Apr. v. 6/3 With the shot clock running down, rookie Anfernee Hardaway lost the ball to Blaylock. 2003 S. Coonts Liberty xxii. 403 If he carried the car batteries in, wired them to these cables using a timer, the whole thing would explode when the timer ran down. c. transitive. Sport (originally U.S.). to run down the clock and variants: to allow time to lapse intentionally, by refraining from making an active attempt to score, playing slowly, etc., esp. near the end of a game or match and by a team that is in the lead. Cf. to run out the clock at Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ 1954 Washington Post 14 Feb. c2/7 The Middies resorted to a backcourt game, passing the ball around until it began to look as if they might run the clock down to the final seconds for one make-or-break shot. 1966 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 3 Dec. 22/3 When Crosswhite was in foul trouble, St. Mary chose to run down the clock rather than play the Panthers on even terms. 1989 L. Holtz & J. Heisler Fighting Spirit (1990) xvi. 206 The Irish also ran the clock down to the four-minute mark, which made it virtually impossible for Pitt to mount a legitimate comeback. 2003 J. Aron Tales of Dallas Mavericks xvi. 147 Nelson tried ending a 15-game losing streak in Utah by running down the shot clock on every possession. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease or put a stop to astintc700 stathea1200 atstuntc1220 to put an end toa1300 to set end ofa1300 batec1300 stanch1338 stinta1350 to put awayc1350 arrestc1374 finisha1375 terminec1390 achievea1393 cease1393 removec1405 terminate?a1425 stop1426 surceasec1435 resta1450 discontinue1474 adetermine1483 blina1500 stay1525 abrogatea1529 suppressa1538 to set in or at stay1538 to make stay of1572 depart1579 check1581 intercept1581 to give a stop toa1586 dirempt1587 date1589 period1595 astayc1600 nip1600 to break off1607 snape1631 sist1635 to make (a) stop of1638 supersede1643 assopiatea1649 periodizea1657 unbusya1657 to put a stop to1679 to give the holla to1681 to run down1697 cessate1701 end1737 to choke off1818 stopper1821 punctuate1825 to put a stopper on1828 to take off ——1845 still1850 to put the lid on1873 on the fritz1900 to close down1903 to put the fritz on something1910 to put the bee on1918 switch1921 to blow the whistle on1934 1697 J. Vanbrugh Æsop iii. 37 Has thy Eternal Tongue run down its Laram yet? 9. a. transitive. To cause (a price, cost, quantity, etc.) to decrease or diminish. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > lower (price) > cause to decline to beat the price1591 to run down1699 1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. at Depreciate To run down the Price of. 1737 London Mag. Oct. 542/1 Our directing the next Payment to be made to the Bank would, I believe, possess the Generality of Mankind with an Opinion that we were resolved to abolish the Company.., which would of course run the Price of their Stock down to very near Par. ?1786 W. Wright Compl. Tradesman 134 He should have a just regard to the trade itself, so as not to run down the price of goods, or the labour of the poor, only because he can gain when others cannot. 1842 Farmer's Mag. May 399/1 To inundate our markets..with such supplies of both beasts, sheep, and pigs, as will run prices down here to almost or quite the continental level. 1866 Shareholder's Guardian 16 May 385/1 They began by ‘bearing’ its shares until they run them down to a discount. 1909 Amer. Economist 19 Nov. 249/2 He would have a commission appointed to run down the cost of production. 1972 Brit. Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 2 148 There was some evidence..suggesting that British Railways intended to run down the level of work and employment there. 1994 H. B. Hansmann in J. G. Sidak Governing Postal Service ii. 42 Nonprofits will continue to run prices down as long as there is something left. b. intransitive. To decrease, diminish; to go down in price, value, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] littleOE setc1000 wanzec1175 lessc1225 allayc1275 wane1297 slaken1303 disincreasec1374 slakec1380 decrease1382 debatea1400 unwaxa1400 wastea1400 adminishc1400 lessenc1400 imminish14.. aslakec1405 minish?a1425 assuagec1430 shrinkc1449 to let down1486 decay1489 diminish1520 fall1523 rebate1540 batea1542 to come down1548 abate1560 stoop1572 pine1580 slack1580 scanten1585 shrivel1588 decrew1596 remit1629 contract1648 subside1680 lower1697 relax1701 drop1730 to take off1776 to run down1792 reduce1798 recede1810 to run off1816 to go down1823 attenuatea1834 ease1876 downscale1945 1792 W. Bligh Voy. to South Sea xx. 256 If no strangers had been present at the sale, I imagine they would have let her run down to 200 dollars. 1819 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 290 By which means the prices must run rapidly down again. 1822 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. July 49/1 The policy..of those who let the matériel of war run down so low, as to impose strong and serious obstacles. 1893 National Obs. 5 Aug. 293/1 The value of their live stock has been steadily running down. 1901 Scotsman 11 Mar. 7/5 The attendance of the Nationalists is already running down. 1976 Brain Res. 107 283 After the release rate had run down to less than 10% of the peak value. 2003 P. Gilchrist Home-made Kids xxiv. 99 Be careful not to allow blood sugar levels to run down too far. 10. a. transitive. To make (a person's health, constitution, etc.) decline or worsen; to cause (a person) to become feeble, tired, weak, etc. Cf. run-down adj. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak fellOE wastec1230 faintc1386 endull1395 resolvea1398 afaintc1400 defeat?c1400 dissolvec1400 weakc1400 craze1476 feeblish1477 debilite1483 overfeeble1495 plucka1529 to bring low1530 debilitate1541 acraze1549 decaya1554 infirma1555 weaken1569 effeeble1571 enervate1572 enfeeble1576 slay1578 to pull downa1586 prosternate1593 shake1594 to lay along1598 unsinew1598 languefy1607 enerve1613 pulla1616 dispirit1647 imbecilitate1647 unstring1700 to run down1733 sap1755 reduce1767 prostrate1780 shatter1785 undermine1812 imbecile1829 disinvigorate1844 devitalize1849 wreck1850 atrophy1865 crumple1892 1733 D. Turner Anc. Physician's Legacy 18 A lusty Woman, whose Strength, in spite of all Endeavours, was run down in five or six Days time. 1780 F. Asbury Jrnl. 15 Feb. (1821) I. 393 I want to write, and recover strength, or I shall run myself down. 1855 Dublin Q. Jrnl. Med Sci. 20 315 This patient sank on the tenth day of the attack, apparently run down by the direct effects of the hemorrhage. 1896 Milwaukee Med. Jrnl. Mar. 102/1 My husband abused me, which run my health down dreadfully. 1962 Daily Times-News (Burlington, N. Carolina) 3 Sept. 5 b/1 He ran the quarter-mile, half-mile, mile and two-mile. ‘It really ran me down, but built me up for the future.’ 1985 T. M. Williams & W. Kornblum Growing up Poor ii. 25 She was already a four year veteran of diabetes and my injury really ran her down. 2003 G. E. Lankford Bearing Witness 278 That lodge work ran my nerves down. b. intransitive. Of a person's constitution, health, etc.: to decline, weaken. Also: (of a person) to decline in health, vigour, etc.; to become feeble or debilitated through overwork, lack of nourishment, etc. (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > have wasting disease [verb (intransitive)] dwinec1000 shrinkc1000 swindOE wastea1300 pinea1325 rot1340 tapishc1375 wastea1387 consume1495 decaya1538 winder1600 pule1607 moch1818 to run down1826 tabefy1891 1826 Medico-chirurg. Rev. 5 19 When the powers flag and the constitution begins to run down. 1842 F. Churchill Theory & Pract. Midwifery 207 If she have been neglected and allowed to run down before assistance was rendered, unpleasant consequences may follow. 1883 ‘Holme Lee’ Loving & Serving III. xi. 240 His strength ran down. 1888 Lady D. Hardy Dangerous Exper. II. viii. 156 She had run down..both mentally and physically, and was in a generally unstrung condition. 1911 P. A. Sheehan Intellectuals iv. 46 This should have been thought of..in the beginning of her malady, before her strength had run down. 1930 Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland) 26 Apr. 7/4 I have been running down in health for some time. I felt tired out no matter what little I did. 1997 Sunday Tasmanian (Nexis) 23 Mar. I needed some R&R, my health had run down and I needed to get myself built back up. c. intransitive. Of an establishment, organization, etc.: to deteriorate; to fall into disuse or decay; (of a building, etc.) to become dilapidated. Cf. run-down adj. 3c. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by want of use or neglect moul?c1225 rusta1400 moulda1547 to run to repairs1681 to go to seed1817 to run down1843 1843 District School Jrnl. 4 214/2 It is not intended to allow these institutions to run down and become nothing but libraries in name. 1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 113 It [sc. a farm] had been allowed to run down a few years before I entered upon it. 1893 Harper's Mag. Feb. 439/2 [She] had let everything run down. She had, in truth, no money for repairs. 1927 Social Forces 5 629/2 Though the district has run down physically, there has been an increase in its property values. 1985 R. Silverberg Tom O'Bedlam (1986) ii. ii. 59 There was no maintenance being done any more, so the property was running down very seriously. 2003 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 21 Sept. h10/2 My brother and I recently inherited our mother's house... She let it run down badly. 11. transitive. Sailing. to run one's easting (also westing) down: (of a ship) to make the most possible amount of progress in the specified direction, making use of prevailing winds. Cf. easting n. 1, westing n. 1. ΚΠ 1750 Jrnl. Boscawen's Voy. Bombay 25 We..prepared for encountering the boisterous Gales and large Seas we expected to have in running down our Easting. 1781 Sailing Direct. East-India or Oriental Pilot 29 You must stand to the southward, and even cross the Line to 8 or 10 deg. S. where you may depend on meeting with the wind to run down your westing. 1828 Oriental Herald Sept. 409 We..attempted to go out through the Eight Degree Channel, under the hope of cutting off all the length of the Maldiva Archipelago and running down our westing in a higher latitude. 1869 R. Semmes Mem. Service Afloat xlviii. 675 We ran off due south, it being my intention to seek the fortieth parallel of south latitude, and run my easting down on that parallel. 1916 W. B. Meloney Heritage of Tyre xvii. 83 As an Australian Black Ball liner, running her easting down, she made four hundred and thirty miles. 1976 D. Pope Ramage's Diamond iv. 76 They would soon be in twelve degrees of latitude running their westing down to arrive at Barbados. 2009 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 7 Oct. 12 I wish Jessica the very best of weather and good fortune. May she run her easting down in the spirit of the great days of sail. 12. intransitive. Of a river or other body of water: to settle down or subside, esp. after a flood; to diminish in volume. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [verb (intransitive)] > recede or subside > specifically of river to run down1848 1808 Repertory Patent Inventions 13 261 By the time the lower pond is full, the tide will be running down strong enough to admit of the wheel being turned backwards. 1848 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 300/2 How steady the river runs down! Lower and slower—lower and slower: now it's quite still—still—still. 1900 N. C. Green Story Galveston Flood i. 14 By daylight the wind had subsided, and the water had run down until it was easy to wade about the stricken city. 1912 A. G. Bradley Gateway Scotl. ix. 240 When the river has run down again, when its first yellowy-brown fury has modified. 1936 Theology Oct. 207 A sinner who puts off repentance and whom Bossuet compares..to a wayfarer waiting to cross a river till it has run down. 13. a. transitive. To cause or allow (a battery, machine, etc.) to lose power or reduce output; to drain; (also) to bring operation of (a machine, etc.) to a stop. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease or put a stop to > cause (a thing) to cease action > specifically a machine or mechanism stop1538 to set off1728 to run down1840 1840 D. Lardner Steam Engine (ed. 7) xi. 408 It has been said that the trains run down the engine, or that the drawing chains connecting the engine slacken in descending an inclination of sixteen feet in a mile. 1868 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 12 242 I heard a remark..to the effect that this battery was more likely to run down the ‘Warrior’ than the ‘Warrior’ was to run down the battery. 1917 Motor Cycle Ilustrated 1 Feb. 35/1 Don't use lamps of a higher candle-power than recommended by the manufacturer, as they will run down the battery. 1952 Pop. Mech. Oct. 204 If it is necessary to drive for a length of time that might run down the battery, especially at night when the lights must be used, the regulator can be disconnected from the circuit so that the generator will charge. 2003 N. W. Rees & G. Q. Fan in D. Flynn Thermal Power Plant Simulation & Control iii. 94 The operating condition can be alleviated without running the plant down. b. intransitive. Of a machine, battery, etc.: to lose power or reduce output; to fail; to come to a stop. ΚΠ 1871 Documents Assembly State of N.Y. IX. 1033 I was astonished that the battery ran down so quickly. 1921 F. A. Russell Ashes of Achievement (1922) xiii. 137 When she stopped speaking, it was like a machine running down. 1972 P. Loftus Earth Drum 30 The engine runs down. It's like the silence when the clock stops. 1988 Flight Internat. 17 Dec. 20/3 Monarch changed the engine and carried out extensive flight testing, but on November 20 the engine ran down in similar circumstances. 2005 J. Farris Phantom Nights 32 Mally noticed how feeble the car headlights were, battery running down, must have stalled the engine when she skidded to a stop. 14. intransitive. Of a pneumatic tyre: to become deflated. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > move on wheels [verb (intransitive)] > become deflated (of pneumatic tyres) to run down1901 1901 Wide World Mag. 8 142 The tyres have a tendency to run down, owing to innumerable small thorn-pricks. 1904 G. S. Paternoster Motor Pirate xx. 215 The tyres ran down at once, and the August Personage found progress on the rims to be so uncomfortable that he thought it desirable to stop. 1990 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 26 Jan. c1 The car doesn't wear down, the tires don't run down. 15. transitive. U.S. slang. a. Originally Jazz. To perform the whole of (a piece of music), esp. by way of rehearsal or in order to try it out; (also) to recite (a piece of text). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > practise practise1778 to run down1948 1948 Down Beat 1 Dec. 10 We ran down three new instrumentals and a vocal for Baubles Buxon! 1960 Jazz Rev. Nov. 12 When we rehearsed an arrangement that no one had seen before, we'd run it down once or twice. 1969 J. A. Al-Amin Die Nigger Die! ii. 26 The teacher expected me to sit up in class and study poetry after I could run down shit like that. 2004 M. Jarrett in D. Fischlin & A. Heble Other Side of Nowhere 332 You'd stick the music in front of him. He'd run it down once. And it was like he wrote it the second performance. b. To relate (information), to tell, say; frequently to run it down: to describe or explain a situation in full.Esp. in African-American usage. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > information [phrase] > describe or explain a situation in full to run it down1962 1962 A. Baraka in Home: Social Ess. (1966) 95 And when they arrived, in those various cities, it was much worse than even they had imagined. The city blues singers are still running all that down. 1964 T. Cade in Massachusetts Rev. Summer 622 I tried to figure out the best way to run it down to this girl right quick that they didn't have to live in this town. 1965 C. Brown Manchild in Promised Land xi. 289 I was his equal, and he couldn't run down all that nonsense to me. 1970 G. Jackson Let. 17 Mar. in Soledad Brother (1971) 236 Write me a letter..and run it down; school, politics, futurities. I want to know it all. 1984 G. Cook Shadows Linger xlii. 267 I don't know how much you hear in here. Probably nothing. I'll run it down. 2007 ‘50 Cent’ & ‘K'wan’ Blow 148 My nigga, I've had one hell of a day. Twist something up while I run it down to you. 16. transitive. To reduce or bring (an activity, operation, organization, etc.) to a halt gradually or progressively; = to wind down 4 at wind v.1 Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > gradually to run down1960 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > reduce gradually to wane away1601 wear1697 wean1707 whittle1736 to tail off (out)1827 to ease off1884 to taper off (away, down)1898 to run down1960 to wind down1969 1960 Bankers' Mag. Sept. 210 It might benefit everyone for the business to be run down gradually and sold as a smaller and more compact affair on a going concern basis. 1976 A. Price War Game i. vi. 118 We're running down the Incident Room, it's true. But we're not giving up. 1990 Accountancy Mar. 72/3 They were in the process of running down particular activities as a result of failing health. 2002 E. Moloney Secret Hist. IRA i. 58 The Goulding leadership had deliberately run down the organization, dismantling command structures, discouraging or diverting promising recruits, [etc.]. to run down —— to run down —— intransitive. To consider or describe all of, to go through; to list, enumerate. Cf. rundown n. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)] telleOE reckonc1175 titlea1325 reckonc1400 entitlec1430 recitea1475 recount1481 perusea1535 capitulate1566 recense1583 catalogue1598 item1601 renumerate1605 list1614 enumeratea1649 recenseate1657 cataloguize1820 to run down ——1833 reel1835 to call off1846 itemize1864 enumer1936 1833 Rep. Select Comm. Hertford Borough 14 in Parl. Papers IX. 463 When I come to run down the list I can recollect whether a man worked or not. 1859 Med. & Surg. Reporter 10 Sept. 457/2 I ran down the list of astringents that were used..: alum, tannin, acetate of lead, chloride of iron, creasote, sulphuric acid, and tinct. of iodine. 1920 A. Gleason What Workers Want ii. v. 113 It would be futile to run down the list of pious, unanimous resolutions presented in the agenda. 1977 New Yorker 3 Oct. 38/2 I'll run down some of the things that have come up so far. 2010 J. Menn Fatal Syst. Error x. 284 They ran down some of the evidence against him and assured him that the judge wouldn't believe the confession had been forced. < as lemmas |
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