rom.n.¹

Brit.

/rɒm/, U.S.

/rɑm/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Roman n.¹

Etymology: Shortened < Roman n.¹ (originally as graphic abbreviation).

Roman type (see Roman adj.¹ 3a). In plural: letters in a Roman font.Used mainly in instructions to typesetters, esp. in the correction of proofs, and in bibliographical description.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > correction > [noun] > of proofs > marks used in

caret1710

stet1755

rom.1824

l.c.1833

separatrix1892

1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 216 Rom.

1885 R. Sinker Catal. Eng. Printed Bks. Libr. Trinity Coll., Cambr. 29 Char. goth. (head-lines and Latin quotations in rom.).

1902 A. E. Housman Let. 30 Nov. (1971) 62 It ought to stand upright, not to slant (I have written ‘rom.’ in the margin).

1920 J. Conrad Let. 20 July (2005) VII. 146 The motto..should be printed in italics, with the name of the author or the work quoted from in small roms.

1954 T. W. Chaundy et al. Printing of Math. ii. 53 Italic is restored to normal (i.e. roman) type by ‘rom.’ in the margin.

1988 I. Backus Martini Buceri Opera Latina II. p. li Catchwords, running heads, text in rom., marginalia in ital., orn. initials.

2002 D. N. Griffiths Bibliogr. Bk. Common Prayer 132/2 BCP [= Book of Common Prayer] text of 1603–4 printed in BL [= black letter], with commentary & variant readings in rom.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Romn.²adj.

Brit.

/rɒm/,

/rəʊm/, U.S.

/roʊm/

Inflections: plural unchanged, Roma, Romas, Roms.

Forms: 1800s– Rom, 1800s– Roma.

Origin: A borrowing from Romani. Etymon: Romani rom.

Etymology: < Romani rom man, husband, Rom (plural romá ), of uncertain origin, probably < Sanskrit ḍomba lower-caste person working as a wandering musician (probably < a Dravidian language; compare Kannada domba , ḍomba , caste of acrobats, jugglers, clowns, Tamil dommara caste of jugglers, dommari member of this caste, and perhaps also Tamil tumpai crowd, Telugu dommi rabble, Kannada tombe , dombi , ḍombi crowd, rabble), but also influenced by or partly < Byzantine Greek Ῥωμ- (in e.g. Ῥώμη, a name of Rome and Constantinople (see Rome n.), Ῥωμαῖος citizen of the Byzantine Empire (in οἱ ἑῷοι Ῥωμαῖοι the eastern Romans; earlier (in Hellenistic Greek) denoting a Roman), use as noun of Ῥωμαῖος , adjective; compare Persian rūmī and its etymon Arabic rūmī Roumi n.), since the Roma formed into a distinct ethnic group within the Byzantine Empire. Compare earlier Romani n., Romani adj., and also Romanian adj.² Compare earlier Gypsy n., Zingani n., Zingaro n., and also Zigeuner n.In English, the form Roma is frequently reinterpreted as a singular, and a new plural Romas is formed. The Romani self-designation was also borrowed into other European languages. Compare e.g. Italian rom (1907), French rôme (1911), (now usually) Roma, singular and plural (late 20th cent. or earlier), German Roma, singular and plural (1933 or earlier).

A. n.²

A member of a widely dispersed ethnic group, found mainly in Europe and North and South America, tracing its origins to South Asia and speaking a North Indian language (see Romani n. 2); a Gypsy.Sometimes used more specifically of the members of this people living in central and eastern Europe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [noun] > Gipsies or Romanies > person

gyptian1533

Egyptian1538

Bohemian1574

Gypsy1574

tinker1575

Zingani1581

Zingaro1600

moonman1608

faw1756

vagabond1756

Zingara1756

gitano1761

gitanac1770

nomade1798

Roman1800

Romani1800

Tzigane1802

Zigeuner1802

Sinti1827

piker1838

pikey1838

Rom1841

Zincalo1841

Romanichal1843

nomadian1847

Romany chai1851

didicoi1853

Bedouin1863

gyppo1868

gyp1886

1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 108 The..speech of the Roma, or Zincali, as they style themselves.

1843 G. Borrow Zincali (ed. 2) I. Introd. 34 He is to live in a tent, as is befitting a Rom and a wanderer.

1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 141 The Israelites have a peculiar religion, to which they are fanatically attached; the Romas (gypseys) have none.

1883 Cent. Mag. Apr. 909/1 She had known the chiefs of her people in the days..when the Rom was a leader in the prize-ring, or noted as a highwayman.

1902 J. H. Yoxall Rommany Stone xix. 197 The snail carry his tent on his back, like the Roms before they use horses.

1973 Guardian 26 Mar. 7/1 The continued historical prejudice against the Rom—as the gipsies call themselves.

1990 Oxf. Rev. Educ. 16 97 The problems faced by the gypsies—or more appropriately the Roma—in Western Europe.

2002 Independent 17 Aug. 12/5 It was not known that the Sinti and Roma..would later be deported to concentration camps or to Auschwitz.

B. adj.

Now esp. in form Roma. That is a Rom. Also: of or relating to the Roma.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [adjective] > Gipsy or Romany

nomadian1591

Gypsy1595

Bohemian1665

gypsyish1787

nomad1798

nomadical1801

nomadic1818

nomade1819

Romani1837

pikey1838

Romanian1841

Roman1851

Tzigane1853

mobile1866

Rom1906

1906 J. G. R. Forlong Faiths of Man II. 145 They are popularly identified with the Dom or Rom tribes (whence perhaps the gipsy name Romani-ri, or ‘Rom people’).

1973 Guardian 26 Mar. 7/2 The non-conforming way of life of the Rom people seems to attract increasing intolerance.

1990 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Apr. 6 The fourth congress of the World Romany Union discussed such topics as standardising the Roma language, discrimination, [etc.].

2006 E. Stillwaggon AIDS & Ecol. of Poverty vi. 114 Many Roma children are seriously malnourished.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ROMn.³

Brit.

/rɒm/, U.S.

/rɑm/

Origin: Formed within English, as an acronym. Etymon: English read-only memory.

Etymology: Acronym < the initial letters of read-only memory (see read-only adj.).

Computing.

Read-only memory; a device incorporating this.Cf. CD-ROM n. at CD n.¹ Compounds 2, DVD-ROM n. at DVD n. Compounds 3, EPROM n.masked ROM: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > read-only

ROM1966

EAROM1970

PROM1973

EPROM1977

1966 IEEE Trans. Electronic Computers 15 502/1 Transformer memories are read-only memories (ROM) which make use of magnetic coupling..between a set of interrogation lines and a set of sense lines.

1970 New Scientist 15 Oct. (Suppl.) 4 The complex read only memories (ROMs)..are an excellent example of the procedure.

1979 Personal Computer World Nov. 82/1 Monitors are held in ROM so that they are available and running as soon as the computer is started.

1983 Pract. Computing Nov. 97 (caption) Softward ROMs up to 16K can be plugged into a slot above the keyboard.

1999 Daily Tel. 22 Apr. (Connected section) 7/1 On one level, arcade emulators such as Mame and the game ROMs are the ultimate geek toy.

2004 Keyboard Feb. 58/3 The acoustic ROM sounds are clean and realistic.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1824

n.²adj.1841

n.³1966

单词	rom
释义	rom.n.¹ Brit. /rɒm/, U.S. /rɑm/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Roman n.¹ Etymology: Shortened < Roman n.¹ (originally as graphic abbreviation). Roman type (see Roman adj.¹ 3a). In plural: letters in a Roman font.Used mainly in instructions to typesetters, esp. in the correction of proofs, and in bibliographical description. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > correction > [noun] > of proofs > marks used in caret1710 stet1755 rom.1824 l.c.1833 separatrix1892 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 216 Rom. 1885 R. Sinker Catal. Eng. Printed Bks. Libr. Trinity Coll., Cambr. 29 Char. goth. (head-lines and Latin quotations in rom.). 1902 A. E. Housman Let. 30 Nov. (1971) 62 It ought to stand upright, not to slant (I have written ‘rom.’ in the margin). 1920 J. Conrad Let. 20 July (2005) VII. 146 The motto..should be printed in italics, with the name of the author or the work quoted from in small roms. 1954 T. W. Chaundy et al. Printing of Math. ii. 53 Italic is restored to normal (i.e. roman) type by ‘rom.’ in the margin. 1988 I. Backus Martini Buceri Opera Latina II. p. li Catchwords, running heads, text in rom., marginalia in ital., orn. initials. 2002 D. N. Griffiths Bibliogr. Bk. Common Prayer 132/2 BCP [= Book of Common Prayer] text of 1603–4 printed in BL [= black letter], with commentary & variant readings in rom. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Romn.²adj. Brit. /rɒm/, /rəʊm/, U.S. /roʊm/ Inflections: plural unchanged, Roma, Romas, Roms. Forms: 1800s– Rom, 1800s– Roma. Origin: A borrowing from Romani. Etymon: Romani rom. Etymology: < Romani rom man, husband, Rom (plural romá ), of uncertain origin, probably < Sanskrit ḍomba lower-caste person working as a wandering musician (probably < a Dravidian language; compare Kannada domba , ḍomba , caste of acrobats, jugglers, clowns, Tamil dommara caste of jugglers, dommari member of this caste, and perhaps also Tamil tumpai crowd, Telugu dommi rabble, Kannada tombe , dombi , ḍombi crowd, rabble), but also influenced by or partly < Byzantine Greek Ῥωμ- (in e.g. Ῥώμη, a name of Rome and Constantinople (see Rome n.), Ῥωμαῖος citizen of the Byzantine Empire (in οἱ ἑῷοι Ῥωμαῖοι the eastern Romans; earlier (in Hellenistic Greek) denoting a Roman), use as noun of Ῥωμαῖος , adjective; compare Persian rūmī and its etymon Arabic rūmī Roumi n.), since the Roma formed into a distinct ethnic group within the Byzantine Empire. Compare earlier Romani n., Romani adj., and also Romanian adj.² Compare earlier Gypsy n., Zingani n., Zingaro n., and also Zigeuner n.In English, the form Roma is frequently reinterpreted as a singular, and a new plural Romas is formed. The Romani self-designation was also borrowed into other European languages. Compare e.g. Italian rom (1907), French rôme (1911), (now usually) Roma, singular and plural (late 20th cent. or earlier), German Roma, singular and plural (1933 or earlier). A. n.² A member of a widely dispersed ethnic group, found mainly in Europe and North and South America, tracing its origins to South Asia and speaking a North Indian language (see Romani n. 2); a Gypsy.Sometimes used more specifically of the members of this people living in central and eastern Europe. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [noun] > Gipsies or Romanies > person gyptian1533 Egyptian1538 Bohemian1574 Gypsy1574 tinker1575 Zingani1581 Zingaro1600 moonman1608 faw1756 vagabond1756 Zingara1756 gitano1761 gitanac1770 nomade1798 Roman1800 Romani1800 Tzigane1802 Zigeuner1802 Sinti1827 piker1838 pikey1838 Rom1841 Zincalo1841 Romanichal1843 nomadian1847 Romany chai1851 didicoi1853 Bedouin1863 gyppo1868 gyp1886 1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 108 The..speech of the Roma, or Zincali, as they style themselves. 1843 G. Borrow Zincali (ed. 2) I. Introd. 34 He is to live in a tent, as is befitting a Rom and a wanderer. 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 141 The Israelites have a peculiar religion, to which they are fanatically attached; the Romas (gypseys) have none. 1883 Cent. Mag. Apr. 909/1 She had known the chiefs of her people in the days..when the Rom was a leader in the prize-ring, or noted as a highwayman. 1902 J. H. Yoxall Rommany Stone xix. 197 The snail carry his tent on his back, like the Roms before they use horses. 1973 Guardian 26 Mar. 7/1 The continued historical prejudice against the Rom—as the gipsies call themselves. 1990 Oxf. Rev. Educ. 16 97 The problems faced by the gypsies—or more appropriately the Roma—in Western Europe. 2002 Independent 17 Aug. 12/5 It was not known that the Sinti and Roma..would later be deported to concentration camps or to Auschwitz. B. adj. Now esp. in form Roma. That is a Rom. Also: of or relating to the Roma. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [adjective] > Gipsy or Romany nomadian1591 Gypsy1595 Bohemian1665 gypsyish1787 nomad1798 nomadical1801 nomadic1818 nomade1819 Romani1837 pikey1838 Romanian1841 Roman1851 Tzigane1853 mobile1866 Rom1906 1906 J. G. R. Forlong Faiths of Man II. 145 They are popularly identified with the Dom or Rom tribes (whence perhaps the gipsy name Romani-ri, or ‘Rom people’). 1973 Guardian 26 Mar. 7/2 The non-conforming way of life of the Rom people seems to attract increasing intolerance. 1990 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Apr. 6 The fourth congress of the World Romany Union discussed such topics as standardising the Roma language, discrimination, [etc.]. 2006 E. Stillwaggon AIDS & Ecol. of Poverty vi. 114 Many Roma children are seriously malnourished. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ROMn.³ Brit. /rɒm/, U.S. /rɑm/ Origin: Formed within English, as an acronym. Etymon: English read-only memory. Etymology: Acronym < the initial letters of read-only memory (see read-only adj.). Computing. Read-only memory; a device incorporating this.Cf. CD-ROM n. at CD n.¹ Compounds 2, DVD-ROM n. at DVD n. Compounds 3, EPROM n.masked ROM: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > read-only ROM1966 EAROM1970 PROM1973 EPROM1977 1966 IEEE Trans. Electronic Computers 15 502/1 Transformer memories are read-only memories (ROM) which make use of magnetic coupling..between a set of interrogation lines and a set of sense lines. 1970 New Scientist 15 Oct. (Suppl.) 4 The complex read only memories (ROMs)..are an excellent example of the procedure. 1979 Personal Computer World Nov. 82/1 Monitors are held in ROM so that they are available and running as soon as the computer is started. 1983 Pract. Computing Nov. 97 (caption) Softward ROMs up to 16K can be plugged into a slot above the keyboard. 1999 Daily Tel. 22 Apr. (Connected section) 7/1 On one level, arcade emulators such as Mame and the game ROMs are the ultimate geek toy. 2004 Keyboard Feb. 58/3 The acoustic ROM sounds are clean and realistic. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1824n.²adj.1841n.³1966
随便看	thatch-work thatchbrowed thatchcloak thatcheave thatched thatched-head thatchedhead thatcher thatcher's britain thatcher's child thatcheresque thatcherism thatcherite thatchers thatches thatchester thatchgrass thatchhook thatchhouse thatchier thatchiest thatching thatching work thatching-beetle thatching-fork

rom.n.1

Romn.2adj.

ROMn.3

rom.n.¹

Romn.²adj.

ROMn.³