rothern.

Brit.

/ˈrɒðə/, U.S.

/ˈrɑðər/

Forms:

α. early Old English hriðr (Kentish), Old English hniþena (genitive plural, transmission error), Old English hriþer, Old English hriðer, Old English hriðr- (inflected form), Old English hryþr- (inflected form), Old English hryðr- (inflected form), Old English riðer, Old English ryþer, Old English ryðer, Old English–early Middle English hryþer, Old English–Middle English hryðer, late Old English hrieðer, late Old English ryþær, Middle English riþer, Middle English ryther.

β. Old English hruþeru (plural), Old English hruðeru (plural), late Old English–Middle English ruðer, Middle English ruþer, Middle English–1600s ruther, late Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s 1700s rudder.

γ. Old English hreoðar- (in compounds), Middle English reoþer, Middle English reoðer, Middle English roþer, Middle English roðer, Middle English rothor, Middle English– rother, late Middle English rodder (in a late copy), late Middle English vrother, 1500s rowder.

δ. late Old English reþere (probably plural), Middle English reþer, Middle English reðer, Middle English rethur, Middle English reþre, Middle English–1500s rether, 1500s redyr.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hrīther , rīther , rēther , rēder , rēr bovine animal (North Frisian ridder , redder young ox, West Frisian rier heifer), Old Saxon hrīth bovine animal (Middle Low German rint (either with retention of original n or with influence from Dutch or German) bovine animal, young ox, heifer), Middle Dutch rint , rent bovine animal (Dutch regional (southern) rend bovine animal, ox, heifer), Old High German hrind bovine animal (Middle High German rint , German Rind , combining form Rinder- ) < a Germanic base with the sense ‘having horns’, ultimately < the Indo-European base of horn n. + the Indo-European base of classical Latin -tus , suffix forming adjectives expressing possession. With the β. forms (and some of the α. forms: see note) compare Middle Low German rünt, rönt, Middle Dutch runt, ront (Dutch rund, combining form runder-) < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the same Indo-European base.The word is originally an Indo-European neuter es -, os -stem; this formative element was rhotacized in West Germanic, and typically appears in Old English as -er , -or . This element was regularly lost in the nominative singular and preserved in all cases of the plural (compare e.g. lamb n.¹ and the discussion at that entry); however, the number of nouns with this paradigm is small, as the majority of original es -, os -stem nouns were assimilated to the a -stem or i -stem declensions, either losing altogether the r -reflex of the formative element or (as in the case of hrīðer ) levelling it to all cases; see further A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§635–6. (In Old English the endingless form is preserved in the compounds hrīðfald cattle-pen, hrīðhierde herdsman, and in the place name Hriðden , Kent (first half of the 9th cent.; also Ridden (1240); now lost); compare English regional (south Lancashire) rhŭd stæak post to which cattle are chained in a cow-house (19th cent.).) The Old English forms hrīðer and hrȳðer (see α. forms) apparently show different ablaut grades of the stem vowel (respectively e -grade and zero-grade), in each case affected by compensatory lengthening after loss of the original nasal. The Old English plural form hrūþeru (see β. forms) apparently shows the same ablaut grade as hrȳðer , but without i-mutation (the variable form of the formative element leads to a levelling of forms with and without i-mutation). Forms such as Middle English riþer (see α. forms) either continue Old English hrīðer or show the northern and eastern reflexes of hrȳðer . Forms such as Middle English ruther (see β. forms) probably partly continue forms of hrūþer- and partly forms of hrȳðer , the latter showing either regular development in western and south-western dialects or (elsewhere) retraction after r . The stem vowel of all forms would have been shortened in late Old English in trisyllabic plural forms, with the shortened vowels often analogically extended to the singular; compare e.g. the Middle English form rudder (see β. forms). Some late Old English spellings of the hryðer type may also reflect a lax short i . The Old English form hreoðar- (see γ. forms) apparently shows (non-West Saxon) back mutation of i (after shortening); forms such as Middle English reoðer (chiefly south-west midland) show the reflex of this. Forms such as Middle English rother (see γ. forms) from the same area probably share the same origin, with a shift of stress from a falling to a rising diphthong and subsequent monophthongization to short o (this appears to be borne out by the modern regional pronunciation). Other instances of forms in o may simply reflect u (spelt o to avoid minim confusion). The δ. forms (with stem vowel e ) probably reflect a variety of origins, including the simplification of eo (compare γ. forms), the (chiefly northern) lengthening of short i in open syllables (compare α. forms), and the regular south-eastern development of Old English y (compare α. forms). However, late Old English reþere (in faldreþere) may instead show lowering of a short i or y under low stress. For the development of Old English ð to d before r, seen in some forms, see R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (1934) §206. The word also occurs early in boundary markers in charters and as an element in place names, for example:eOE Royal Charter: Cuthred to Abp. Wulfred (Sawyer 40) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 450 Hec duo aratra supra predicta a quibusdam campus armentorum id est hriðra leah appellantur.OE Bounds (Sawyer 587) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 2 (2001) 294 Of hryþera forda on holan ford.lOE Bounds (Sawyer 619) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 176 Of wungces hyl on ryþæres heafod, of ruðeres heafde on rindesele.Compare also Hryðeranfeld, Sussex (first half of the 11th cent. in a copy of a charter of c880; now Rotherfield), Redrefeld, Oxfordshire (1086; now Rotherfield), Hrytheruuica, Hampshire (c1100; now Rotherwick), Retherhith, Surrey (1127; now Rotherhithe), etc.

Now historical (English regional (chiefly midlands) in later use).

A horned bovine animal, esp. (in later use) an ox, a bullock.In γ. forms recorded earliest in rother-herd at Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > oxen or cattle

rothereOE

neateOE

orfOE

erf1154

nowtsc1175

field beasta1382

nolt1437

cattle1555

neat cattle1619

chattel1627

beefc1706

horned cattle1781

cows1869

bullamacow1887

beeves-

α.

eOE (Kentish) Charter: Oswulf & Beornðryð to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 1188) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 1 An hriðer dugunde & iiii scęp.

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 33 Armenta, hryðera heorde.

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxix. 100 Genim cealfes scearn oþþe ealdes hryþeres wearm & lege on.

OE Blickling Homilies 199 He..ongan sceotan wiþ þæs þe he geseah þæt hryþer [sc. a stray bull] stondan.

a1425 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 1900) (1871) III. 205 Riþeren [a1387 St. John's Cambr. He tornede hym to examyne strenges and streyned guttes and senewes of schepe and of reþeren i-fastned to dyuers wiȝtes].

c1425 in E. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (1866) 171 (MED) Than along the morys to Langford, suthward Langford to Maccanynge, so by Maccanynges ouytwert lond so as the rytheryn gou [perh. read gon; c1425 (OE) swa swa oxa went; L. secundum quod animalia pertranseunt].

β. OE Rec. Gifts of Bp. Leofric to Exeter Cathedral (Bodl.) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 226 Þæron [sc. twa hida landes] næs orfcynnes nan mare buton vii hruðeru.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4042 Islaȝene weoren to þon mele twælf þusend ruðeren [c1300 roþere].c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 13 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 300 (MED) An eue þis ruþerene wenden hom as heore wone was, ech-one.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1209 Vourti þousend of ruþeren [B. v.r. rothern] he let quelle þer to.1518 in Trans. Kilkenny Arch. Soc. (1864) 2nd Ser. 4 112 An Indentur..vpon ij rudders to be payed..yerly to Gerald Erle of Kildare.c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 100 The saide bouchers bye the same rudders in thar names.γ. OE Gloss. (Bodl. 163) in Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum (1889) 33 238 Armentarius, hreoðarhyrde.c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 21 (MED) Þe riche reoðeren [Royal roðeren] ant schep..brohte to lake.c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 11 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 300 Garganes reoþeren and oþure bestes I-nowe..to heore lesewe heom drowe.a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 315^v Þerfore hertes fleissh is likyng and roþeres [L. bouina] also.a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 111 (MED) Þen schalt þou take freische rothorus scherne..& grynde it with sope & bynde it þer-to.c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 93 Rodders or ony othre marchanndise.1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. f. 337/1 Beastes that are kindly drye, as Rotherne, and Goates.c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 431 Foure roþeren hym by-forn..feble were worþi [read worþen]; Men myȝte reken ich a ryb, so reufull þey weren.1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Rother,..a horned beast.1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Rother,..a horned beast.δ. lOE List of Farm Goods, Yaxley, Hunts. (Sawyer 1448) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Peterborough Abbey (2009) 325 xvi oxan, faldreþere, & iii hund scepa & v scep.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 37 (MED) Ðet oref þe þis deor waneð beð shep and reðeren and Get and swin, and bitocneð men.c1300 Ministry & Passion of Christ (Laud) (1873) 853 Fond he þer Inne..Schep and reþren and coluerene eke.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 13 (MED) Þis ilond..bringeþ forþ trees and fruyt and reþeren [Trin-O Ruthern].c1425 Myrour to Lewde Men & Wymmen (Harl.) (1981) 96 (MED) Men schulde ete þat blessid brede as a rethur etith þe gress.c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1239 (MED) Meliager with his men..Raschis with rethere & rydis bot a quyle.1509 Will of Thomas Myll (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/16) f. 158^v Duos Retheres et viginti oues.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as rother-driver, rother feet, rother-herd, rother-soil.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 361 Amos hatte sum hryþerhyrde [a1225 Lamb. 487 reoðer heorde; L. pastorem armentarium].

OEHreoðarhyrde [see γ. ].

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xlv. 10 Eower scep & eower hryþerheorda, & eal þæt ge agon.

1396 Chancery Warrants File 560 Quatre boefs, pris de quarante soulds, [stolen] de Johan ap Jakke, retherdryver.

c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 98 (MED) When þou seest þat hit is no neode to vse þe medycyne no more, take of vrotherfeet [v.rr. roþeris feet; nettes fete], when þei beoþ y soden, and blowe hit of þe watre.

c1500 in J. Harley et al. Rep. MSS R. R. Hastings (1928) I. 424 (MED) Tak of redyr fete, when the be sothyn and blowe of the fat fro the water that ther wer sothyn in.

1670 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 3) (at cited word) Hence Rother-soyle, also used in Hereford shire, for the soyle or dung of those beasts.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Rother Soil, the Dung or Soil of such Cattle [sc. rother beasts].

1861 J. R. Wise Shakespere 33 In Worcestershire and Warwickshire, the manure of cattle is still called ‘rother-soil’.

C2.

rother cattle n. now historical

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 752 The leaves of Elme are good fodder for rother cattell.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 23 Beastes seruing for meate onely, are Pigs, Goates, Sheepe, and Rother cattell.

1643 Inventory 14 Oct. in H. W. Richardson York Deeds (Maine) (1887) II. f. 85 All his part of the Cows & ruther cattle vidzt one yoak of oxen.

1699 in J. S. Moore Goods & Chattels Forefathers (1976) 162 Eighteen herd of rudder cattle.

1776 Abstr. Claims New Forest 22 Common of pasture for all their cattle called rother cattle, and horse beasts.

1885 Proc. Somerset Archaeol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 1884 10 11 Rother cattle, horses, and sheep were usually brought to St. Botolph's fair.

1992 R. Dunning Victoria Hist. County of Somerset VI. 316 A farming inventory of 1639 included apples, cider, and cheese besides 4 rother cattle, poultry, and a horse.

2010 A. Askaroff Sussex born & Bred 63 The Rother cattle were long-horned, fleshy beasts prized for their meat, milk, hide and horn.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rother
释义	rothern. Brit. /ˈrɒðə/, U.S. /ˈrɑðər/ Forms: α. early Old English hriðr (Kentish), Old English hniþena (genitive plural, transmission error), Old English hriþer, Old English hriðer, Old English hriðr- (inflected form), Old English hryþr- (inflected form), Old English hryðr- (inflected form), Old English riðer, Old English ryþer, Old English ryðer, Old English–early Middle English hryþer, Old English–Middle English hryðer, late Old English hrieðer, late Old English ryþær, Middle English riþer, Middle English ryther. β. Old English hruþeru (plural), Old English hruðeru (plural), late Old English–Middle English ruðer, Middle English ruþer, Middle English–1600s ruther, late Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s 1700s rudder. γ. Old English hreoðar- (in compounds), Middle English reoþer, Middle English reoðer, Middle English roþer, Middle English roðer, Middle English rothor, Middle English– rother, late Middle English rodder (in a late copy), late Middle English vrother, 1500s rowder. δ. late Old English reþere (probably plural), Middle English reþer, Middle English reðer, Middle English rethur, Middle English reþre, Middle English–1500s rether, 1500s redyr. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hrīther , rīther , rēther , rēder , rēr bovine animal (North Frisian ridder , redder young ox, West Frisian rier heifer), Old Saxon hrīth bovine animal (Middle Low German rint (either with retention of original n or with influence from Dutch or German) bovine animal, young ox, heifer), Middle Dutch rint , rent bovine animal (Dutch regional (southern) rend bovine animal, ox, heifer), Old High German hrind bovine animal (Middle High German rint , German Rind , combining form Rinder- ) < a Germanic base with the sense ‘having horns’, ultimately < the Indo-European base of horn n. + the Indo-European base of classical Latin -tus , suffix forming adjectives expressing possession. With the β. forms (and some of the α. forms: see note) compare Middle Low German rünt, rönt, Middle Dutch runt, ront (Dutch rund, combining form runder-) < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the same Indo-European base.The word is originally an Indo-European neuter es -, os -stem; this formative element was rhotacized in West Germanic, and typically appears in Old English as -er , -or . This element was regularly lost in the nominative singular and preserved in all cases of the plural (compare e.g. lamb n.¹ and the discussion at that entry); however, the number of nouns with this paradigm is small, as the majority of original es -, os -stem nouns were assimilated to the a -stem or i -stem declensions, either losing altogether the r -reflex of the formative element or (as in the case of hrīðer ) levelling it to all cases; see further A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§635–6. (In Old English the endingless form is preserved in the compounds hrīðfald cattle-pen, hrīðhierde herdsman, and in the place name Hriðden , Kent (first half of the 9th cent.; also Ridden (1240); now lost); compare English regional (south Lancashire) rhŭd stæak post to which cattle are chained in a cow-house (19th cent.).) The Old English forms hrīðer and hrȳðer (see α. forms) apparently show different ablaut grades of the stem vowel (respectively e -grade and zero-grade), in each case affected by compensatory lengthening after loss of the original nasal. The Old English plural form hrūþeru (see β. forms) apparently shows the same ablaut grade as hrȳðer , but without i-mutation (the variable form of the formative element leads to a levelling of forms with and without i-mutation). Forms such as Middle English riþer (see α. forms) either continue Old English hrīðer or show the northern and eastern reflexes of hrȳðer . Forms such as Middle English ruther (see β. forms) probably partly continue forms of hrūþer- and partly forms of hrȳðer , the latter showing either regular development in western and south-western dialects or (elsewhere) retraction after r . The stem vowel of all forms would have been shortened in late Old English in trisyllabic plural forms, with the shortened vowels often analogically extended to the singular; compare e.g. the Middle English form rudder (see β. forms). Some late Old English spellings of the hryðer type may also reflect a lax short i . The Old English form hreoðar- (see γ. forms) apparently shows (non-West Saxon) back mutation of i (after shortening); forms such as Middle English reoðer (chiefly south-west midland) show the reflex of this. Forms such as Middle English rother (see γ. forms) from the same area probably share the same origin, with a shift of stress from a falling to a rising diphthong and subsequent monophthongization to short o (this appears to be borne out by the modern regional pronunciation). Other instances of forms in o may simply reflect u (spelt o to avoid minim confusion). The δ. forms (with stem vowel e ) probably reflect a variety of origins, including the simplification of eo (compare γ. forms), the (chiefly northern) lengthening of short i in open syllables (compare α. forms), and the regular south-eastern development of Old English y (compare α. forms). However, late Old English reþere (in faldreþere) may instead show lowering of a short i or y under low stress. For the development of Old English ð to d before r, seen in some forms, see R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (1934) §206. The word also occurs early in boundary markers in charters and as an element in place names, for example:eOE Royal Charter: Cuthred to Abp. Wulfred (Sawyer 40) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 450 Hec duo aratra supra predicta a quibusdam campus armentorum id est hriðra leah appellantur.OE Bounds (Sawyer 587) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 2 (2001) 294 Of hryþera forda on holan ford.lOE Bounds (Sawyer 619) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 176 Of wungces hyl on ryþæres heafod, of ruðeres heafde on rindesele.Compare also Hryðeranfeld, Sussex (first half of the 11th cent. in a copy of a charter of c880; now Rotherfield), Redrefeld, Oxfordshire (1086; now Rotherfield), Hrytheruuica, Hampshire (c1100; now Rotherwick), Retherhith, Surrey (1127; now Rotherhithe), etc. Now historical (English regional (chiefly midlands) in later use). A horned bovine animal, esp. (in later use) an ox, a bullock.In γ. forms recorded earliest in rother-herd at Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > oxen or cattle rothereOE neateOE orfOE erf1154 nowtsc1175 field beasta1382 nolt1437 cattle1555 neat cattle1619 chattel1627 beefc1706 horned cattle1781 cows1869 bullamacow1887 beeves- α. eOE (Kentish) Charter: Oswulf & Beornðryð to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 1188) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 1 An hriðer dugunde & iiii scęp. eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 33 Armenta, hryðera heorde. eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxix. 100 Genim cealfes scearn oþþe ealdes hryþeres wearm & lege on. OE Blickling Homilies 199 He..ongan sceotan wiþ þæs þe he geseah þæt hryþer [sc. a stray bull] stondan. a1425 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 1900) (1871) III. 205 Riþeren [a1387 St. John's Cambr. He tornede hym to examyne strenges and streyned guttes and senewes of schepe and of reþeren i-fastned to dyuers wiȝtes]. c1425 in E. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (1866) 171 (MED) Than along the morys to Langford, suthward Langford to Maccanynge, so by Maccanynges ouytwert lond so as the rytheryn gou [perh. read gon; c1425 (OE) swa swa oxa went; L. secundum quod animalia pertranseunt]. β. OE Rec. Gifts of Bp. Leofric to Exeter Cathedral (Bodl.) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 226 Þæron [sc. twa hida landes] næs orfcynnes nan mare buton vii hruðeru.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4042 Islaȝene weoren to þon mele twælf þusend ruðeren [c1300 roþere].c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 13 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 300 (MED) An eue þis ruþerene wenden hom as heore wone was, ech-one.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1209 Vourti þousend of ruþeren [B. v.r. rothern] he let quelle þer to.1518 in Trans. Kilkenny Arch. Soc. (1864) 2nd Ser. 4 112 An Indentur..vpon ij rudders to be payed..yerly to Gerald Erle of Kildare.c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 100 The saide bouchers bye the same rudders in thar names.γ. OE Gloss. (Bodl. 163) in Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum (1889) 33 238 Armentarius, hreoðarhyrde.c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 21 (MED) Þe riche reoðeren [Royal roðeren] ant schep..brohte to lake.c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 11 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 300 Garganes reoþeren and oþure bestes I-nowe..to heore lesewe heom drowe.a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 315^v Þerfore hertes fleissh is likyng and roþeres [L. bouina] also.a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 111 (MED) Þen schalt þou take freische rothorus scherne..& grynde it with sope & bynde it þer-to.c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 93 Rodders or ony othre marchanndise.1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. f. 337/1 Beastes that are kindly drye, as Rotherne, and Goates.c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 431 Foure roþeren hym by-forn..feble were worþi [read worþen]; Men myȝte reken ich a ryb, so reufull þey weren.1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Rother,..a horned beast.1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Rother,..a horned beast.δ. lOE List of Farm Goods, Yaxley, Hunts. (Sawyer 1448) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Peterborough Abbey (2009) 325 xvi oxan, faldreþere, & iii hund scepa & v scep.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 37 (MED) Ðet oref þe þis deor waneð beð shep and reðeren and Get and swin, and bitocneð men.c1300 Ministry & Passion of Christ (Laud) (1873) 853 Fond he þer Inne..Schep and reþren and coluerene eke.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 13 (MED) Þis ilond..bringeþ forþ trees and fruyt and reþeren [Trin-O Ruthern].c1425 Myrour to Lewde Men & Wymmen (Harl.) (1981) 96 (MED) Men schulde ete þat blessid brede as a rethur etith þe gress.c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1239 (MED) Meliager with his men..Raschis with rethere & rydis bot a quyle.1509 Will of Thomas Myll (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/16) f. 158^v Duos Retheres et viginti oues. Compounds C1. General attributive, as rother-driver, rother feet, rother-herd, rother-soil. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 361 Amos hatte sum hryþerhyrde [a1225 Lamb. 487 reoðer heorde; L. pastorem armentarium]. OEHreoðarhyrde [see γ. ]. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xlv. 10 Eower scep & eower hryþerheorda, & eal þæt ge agon. 1396 Chancery Warrants File 560 Quatre boefs, pris de quarante soulds, [stolen] de Johan ap Jakke, retherdryver. c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 98 (MED) When þou seest þat hit is no neode to vse þe medycyne no more, take of vrotherfeet [v.rr. roþeris feet; nettes fete], when þei beoþ y soden, and blowe hit of þe watre. c1500 in J. Harley et al. Rep. MSS R. R. Hastings (1928) I. 424 (MED) Tak of redyr fete, when the be sothyn and blowe of the fat fro the water that ther wer sothyn in. 1670 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 3) (at cited word) Hence Rother-soyle, also used in Hereford shire, for the soyle or dung of those beasts. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Rother Soil, the Dung or Soil of such Cattle [sc. rother beasts]. 1861 J. R. Wise Shakespere 33 In Worcestershire and Warwickshire, the manure of cattle is still called ‘rother-soil’. C2. rother cattle n. now historical ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 752 The leaves of Elme are good fodder for rother cattell. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 23 Beastes seruing for meate onely, are Pigs, Goates, Sheepe, and Rother cattell. 1643 Inventory 14 Oct. in H. W. Richardson York Deeds (Maine) (1887) II. f. 85 All his part of the Cows & ruther cattle vidzt one yoak of oxen. 1699 in J. S. Moore Goods & Chattels Forefathers (1976) 162 Eighteen herd of rudder cattle. 1776 Abstr. Claims New Forest 22 Common of pasture for all their cattle called rother cattle, and horse beasts. 1885 Proc. Somerset Archaeol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 1884 10 11 Rother cattle, horses, and sheep were usually brought to St. Botolph's fair. 1992 R. Dunning Victoria Hist. County of Somerset VI. 316 A farming inventory of 1639 included apples, cider, and cheese besides 4 rother cattle, poultry, and a horse. 2010 A. Askaroff Sussex born & Bred 63 The Rother cattle were long-horned, fleshy beasts prized for their meat, milk, hide and horn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE
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