roughagen.

Brit.

/ˈrʌfɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈrəfɪdʒ/

Forms: see rough adj. and -age suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rough adj., -age suffix.

Etymology: < rough adj. + -age suffix.

1. Rubbish, waste, detritus. In later use esp.: the unused part of a crop (as stalks, husks, etc.); rough grass, weeds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > less useful part of crop

roughage1708

1708 H. Howard England's Newest Way Cookery (ed. 2) lv. 27 Stick the Carp as you do a Pig... Scale it and take out the Ruffage; take care you don't break the Gall.

1785 J. Beekman Let. 16 July in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1856) III. 1049 We fear the Merchandize will turn out to a poor Account they being the Ruffage of your Store, however we shall do the best for you.

1857 Documents Board of Councilmen (N.Y.) IV. xiii. 10 The many new buildings constantly going up in our city..produce an immense amount of roughage, which..your Committee find to be a great nuisance.

1876 Western Mail (Cardiff) 9 Oct. 1/4 Instructions from Mr John David (who is leaving the farm) to sell by auction..the whole of the stock, crops, roughage,..and also the household furniture, &c.

1883 Encycl. Amer. I. 98 The ‘roughage’ of crops has been neglected, the entire straw and stalks being burned.

1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester Roughage, rubbish; the clearings off the land or out of ditches would be so called.

1919 Jrnl. Misc. Information (Nos. 1 & 2) 26 The roughage at harvest time from all the varieties may have a secondary use as forage.

1940 E. C. Studholme Te Waimate x. 80 The first work of the settlers was to burn off the roughage on large areas of country.

1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Feb. 122/3 On much of the country a fairly high proportion of cattle to sheep is carried, the cattle being used largely to clean up roughage left by the sheep.

1993 A. R. Ammons Garbage 121 If I reap the peripheries will I get hardweed seed and dried roughage, roughage like teasel and cattail and brush above snow in winter.

a. Originally: fibrous plant material used as animal fodder, such as grass, hay, and silage. Later also: indigestible vegetable matter in the human diet, which aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut (also called dietary fibre).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [noun] > fibrous or soluble matter

rough food1701

roughage1850

fibre1909

bulk1940

soluble1952

1850 U.S. Patent 7,445 1/1 The grain by itself being too rich and stimulating a food, and the ‘roughage’ as it is termed, being rejected by the animal and wasted.

1851 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1850: Agric. 237 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 2nd Sess.: U.S. House of Representatives Executive Doc. 32, Pt. 2) VI. The whole [yard] is well littered with cornstalks, straw, leaves, weeds, and whatever roughage I can procure.

1906 Bull. Storrs Agric. Exper. Station No. 43. 5 An increase in the proportion of grain to roughage in a ration for milch cows tends to facilitate digestion.

1911 T. B. Osborne et al. Feeding Exper. 57 The need of ‘roughage’ to facilitate the normal evacuation of the gut has also been debated.

1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 94/2 There generally evolved a general slogan, ‘put more roughage in the diet’.

1976 Which? Nov. 244/3 Wholemeal bread is a simple and effective source of roughage.

1989 Nutrient Requirements Horses (National Res. Council (U.S.) Board Agric.) (ed. 5) 33/1 Legume hays may also be fed as the only roughage.

2006 Women's Health June 38/1 Roughage is no longer confined to beans and bran now that companies are pumping out fiber-enriched versions of some of your favorite foods.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1931 Musical Times Jan. 74/1 This was another of the oddities that we have to accept as roughage to the Hallé [orchestra] fare.

1948 C. S. Lewis Lit. & Life 58 There is no roughage in a Kipling story—it is all unrelieved vitamins from the first word to the last.

1963 Punch 23 Jan. 141/3 Twelve months in jail provided the roughage for his first book.

1974 Times 28 Feb. 15/3 The electorate..finally gagged on their traditional roughage of internecine strife.

2008 New Yorker 15 Dec. 95/2 For those who think of cinema as dramatic roughage, ‘The Reader’ should prove sufficiently indigestible.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	roughage
释义	roughagen. Brit. /ˈrʌfɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈrəfɪdʒ/ Forms: see rough adj. and -age suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rough adj., -age suffix. Etymology: < rough adj. + -age suffix. 1. Rubbish, waste, detritus. In later use esp.: the unused part of a crop (as stalks, husks, etc.); rough grass, weeds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > less useful part of crop roughage1708 1708 H. Howard England's Newest Way Cookery (ed. 2) lv. 27 Stick the Carp as you do a Pig... Scale it and take out the Ruffage; take care you don't break the Gall. 1785 J. Beekman Let. 16 July in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1856) III. 1049 We fear the Merchandize will turn out to a poor Account they being the Ruffage of your Store, however we shall do the best for you. 1857 Documents Board of Councilmen (N.Y.) IV. xiii. 10 The many new buildings constantly going up in our city..produce an immense amount of roughage, which..your Committee find to be a great nuisance. 1876 Western Mail (Cardiff) 9 Oct. 1/4 Instructions from Mr John David (who is leaving the farm) to sell by auction..the whole of the stock, crops, roughage,..and also the household furniture, &c. 1883 Encycl. Amer. I. 98 The ‘roughage’ of crops has been neglected, the entire straw and stalks being burned. 1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester Roughage, rubbish; the clearings off the land or out of ditches would be so called. 1919 Jrnl. Misc. Information (Nos. 1 & 2) 26 The roughage at harvest time from all the varieties may have a secondary use as forage. 1940 E. C. Studholme Te Waimate x. 80 The first work of the settlers was to burn off the roughage on large areas of country. 1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Feb. 122/3 On much of the country a fairly high proportion of cattle to sheep is carried, the cattle being used largely to clean up roughage left by the sheep. 1993 A. R. Ammons Garbage 121 If I reap the peripheries will I get hardweed seed and dried roughage, roughage like teasel and cattail and brush above snow in winter. 2. a. Originally: fibrous plant material used as animal fodder, such as grass, hay, and silage. Later also: indigestible vegetable matter in the human diet, which aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut (also called dietary fibre). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [noun] > fibrous or soluble matter rough food1701 roughage1850 fibre1909 bulk1940 soluble1952 1850 U.S. Patent 7,445 1/1 The grain by itself being too rich and stimulating a food, and the ‘roughage’ as it is termed, being rejected by the animal and wasted. 1851 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1850: Agric. 237 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 2nd Sess.: U.S. House of Representatives Executive Doc. 32, Pt. 2) VI. The whole [yard] is well littered with cornstalks, straw, leaves, weeds, and whatever roughage I can procure. 1906 Bull. Storrs Agric. Exper. Station No. 43. 5 An increase in the proportion of grain to roughage in a ration for milch cows tends to facilitate digestion. 1911 T. B. Osborne et al. Feeding Exper. 57 The need of ‘roughage’ to facilitate the normal evacuation of the gut has also been debated. 1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 94/2 There generally evolved a general slogan, ‘put more roughage in the diet’. 1976 Which? Nov. 244/3 Wholemeal bread is a simple and effective source of roughage. 1989 Nutrient Requirements Horses (National Res. Council (U.S.) Board Agric.) (ed. 5) 33/1 Legume hays may also be fed as the only roughage. 2006 Women's Health June 38/1 Roughage is no longer confined to beans and bran now that companies are pumping out fiber-enriched versions of some of your favorite foods. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1931 Musical Times Jan. 74/1 This was another of the oddities that we have to accept as roughage to the Hallé [orchestra] fare. 1948 C. S. Lewis Lit. & Life 58 There is no roughage in a Kipling story—it is all unrelieved vitamins from the first word to the last. 1963 Punch 23 Jan. 141/3 Twelve months in jail provided the roughage for his first book. 1974 Times 28 Feb. 15/3 The electorate..finally gagged on their traditional roughage of internecine strife. 2008 New Yorker 15 Dec. 95/2 For those who think of cinema as dramatic roughage, ‘The Reader’ should prove sufficiently indigestible. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1708
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