roughenedadj.

Brit.

/ˈrʌfnd/, U.S.

/ˈrəfənd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roughen v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < roughen v. + -ed suffix¹.

That has been made rough (in various senses).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough > made rough or ruffled

ruffled1440

hackled1611

crizzledc1639

asperated1677

roughened1715

roughed1758

rasped1864

sand-blasted1908

1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 12 Crown'd with an architrave of antique Mold, And Sculpture rising on the roughen'd Gold.

a1788 E. Fitch Beauties Relig. (1789) iv. 100 His roughen'd temper needs a polishment.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 161 Roughened iron, especially if painted over or blackened, becomes dewed sooner than varnished paper.

1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 14 The hydrogen, being readily discharged from its roughened surface, rose in bubbles.

1953 Western Union Tech. Rev. Apr. 52/2 Because of the roughened surface it presents, chadless tape introduces a further hazard.

1980 A. Thwaite Victorian Voices 25 You hear my stumbling bumbling throat Expectorate a load of roughened vowels.

2006 Saltscapes (Canada) May–June 33/2 Between the roughened, rounded boulders hide rare plant species.

Compounds

ˈroughened-looking adj.

ΚΠ

1888 F. Rutley Rock-forming Minerals 36 The wrinkled or roughened-looking surfaces of sections of olivine crystals.

1989 J. Sherwood Bouquet of Thorns ii. 36 On many of the corms, the young leaves were distorted and roughened-looking.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	roughened
释义	roughenedadj. Brit. /ˈrʌfnd/, U.S. /ˈrəfənd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roughen v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < roughen v. + -ed suffix¹. That has been made rough (in various senses). ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough > made rough or ruffled ruffled1440 hackled1611 crizzledc1639 asperated1677 roughened1715 roughed1758 rasped1864 sand-blasted1908 1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 12 Crown'd with an architrave of antique Mold, And Sculpture rising on the roughen'd Gold. a1788 E. Fitch Beauties Relig. (1789) iv. 100 His roughen'd temper needs a polishment. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 161 Roughened iron, especially if painted over or blackened, becomes dewed sooner than varnished paper. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 14 The hydrogen, being readily discharged from its roughened surface, rose in bubbles. 1953 Western Union Tech. Rev. Apr. 52/2 Because of the roughened surface it presents, chadless tape introduces a further hazard. 1980 A. Thwaite Victorian Voices 25 You hear my stumbling bumbling throat Expectorate a load of roughened vowels. 2006 Saltscapes (Canada) May–June 33/2 Between the roughened, rounded boulders hide rare plant species. Compounds ˈroughened-looking adj. ΚΠ 1888 F. Rutley Rock-forming Minerals 36 The wrinkled or roughened-looking surfaces of sections of olivine crystals. 1989 J. Sherwood Bouquet of Thorns ii. 36 On many of the corms, the young leaves were distorted and roughened-looking. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1715
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