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单词 bield
释义

bieldn.

/biːld/
Forms: Old English byldo, Middle English beld(e, Middle English beelde, 1500s beald, Middle English–1600s beeld, Middle English–1800s beild(e, Middle English– bield, (1500s beill, bele, beale, 1700s–1800s biel).
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English bęldo , in West Saxon bięldo , byldo boldness, courage = Old High German baldî , Middle High German belde confidence, feeling of security, Gothic balþei boldness, confidence < Germanic *balþjôn- , noun of quality < *balþo-z , Gothic balþs , Old High German bald , Old English bald , beald , bold adj. The evidence appears to show that modern Scots bield , beild is the same as the Middle English belde , the connection being through sense 3. But the matter is not without difficulty, and the derivation of Scots bield has been sought elsewhere, especially in connection with build, though without much success.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1. Boldness, courage. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > [noun]
elne888
bieldc890
daringc1374
coraiouste1382
inwit1382
courageousnessa1513
courage1540
couragie1556
valour1581
nerve1602
stoutheartednessa1683
noble-heartedness1836
lionheartedness1885
gut1893
gutsiness1893
bottle1958
c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. i. vii He sceolde ða byldo anescian.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12237 A barn..wit-vten beild [Gött. beilde; Fairf., Trin. Cambr. belde].
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 650 Quen he blusched þerto, his belde neuer payred.
1470 J. Hardyng Chron. clxxxv. iv His brother bastard, with strong beeld, Had putte hym out.
2. Confidence, assurance, feeling of security; hence, comfort. Often in alliterative connection with bliss. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > freedom from trouble, care, or sorrow > [noun]
lissOE
carelessnessc1000
restOE
peacea1225
ease?c1225
bielda1300
quietc1330
heartseasea1393
suretya1413
securitya1425
secureness1550
serenity1599
assecurance1616
euthymy1623
sereneness1628
levitya1631
repose1652
untroublednessa1660
serenitude1672
serene1744
securance1849
a1300 Cursor Mundi 605 A land o lijf, o beld, and blis, Þe quilk man clepes paradis.
c1325 Metr. Hom. 162 This tronchoun for relic scho held Al hir lif, with worschip and beld.
c1325 Metr. Hom. 166 Ic haf tinte werdes, mensc, and belde.
c1400 Melayne 324 With mekill blysse & belde.
3.
a. Resource, help; often in alliterative connection with bote (boot n.1); succour, defence, relief.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > possibility of
bieldc1325
recurec1330
resource1651
c1325 Metr. Hom. 7 Mankind in prisoun he held, With outen help, wit outen belde.
c1360 Yesterday in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 136 Vnswere I schal, Whi god sent suche men boote and belde.
c1440 Bone Flor. 1721 A woman dyscownfortyd sare, Wythowten bote or belde.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 549 Mony berne wist nother of bute no beild.
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 372/1 in Chron. I Quhan Kings & princes hes na other beild bot in thair awyn folkes.
b. A means of help or succour. Obsolete. (Often transferred to a person.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help
redeeOE
helpc893
bootOE
friendOE
lithc1275
helpera1300
a helping handa1300
helpingc1330
bieldc1352
succour?a1366
supplementc1384
easementa1398
succourer1442
aid?1473
assister1535
assistant?1541
adminicle1551
mystery1581
second1590
auxiliatory1599
subsidium1640
suffragan1644
facilitation1648
adminiculary1652
auxiliary1656
auxiliar1670
ally1794
Boy Scout1918
assist1954
facilitator1987
c1352 L. Minot Poems vi. 27 Alweldand god..He be his beld.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20815 Ogain þat fa scho be vr beild.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. vi. 15 He wes þe Beld of all hys kyn.
c1440 Bone Flor. 762 Sche cryed to hym..Thou be my fadurs belde.
4. Resource against hunger; ‘cheer,’ sustenance. (Only Scottish.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > sustenance or nourishment
foodOE
fosterc1000
fodnethOE
flittinga1225
livenotha1225
nourishingc1300
sustenancec1300
livelihoodc1325
nurture1340
fosteringc1386
livingc1405
nouriturea1425
nutriment?a1425
nutrition?a1425
lifehood1440
reliefa1450
nourishmentc1450
nurshingc1450
sustentationc1450
nutrimentc1485
alimenta1500
sustainmenta1500
bielda1522
creature1540
suck1584
mantiniment1588
fosterment1593
the three M's1938
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. ix. 50 Hys fader eyrit and sew ane peyss of feld That he in hyregang held tobe his beild.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1087 in Wks. (1931) I For fude thow gettis none uther beild Bot eait the herbis upone the feild.
5.
Categories »
a. Refuge, shelter.
b. A place of shelter. (Only Scottish and northern dialect)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun]
church grithOE
to-flighta1300
reseta1325
refutec1350
succourc1380
warranta1400
refugec1405
bieldingc1440
bield?a1500
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Wolf & Wether l. 2543 in Poems (1981) 94 He ran restles, for hee wist off na beild.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) ii. ix. 16 Hecuba thyddir..for beild Ran al invane.
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. v. 5/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The Scottish men call it [sc. Cromart haven] beill of shipmen.
1594 Scot. Peoms 16th C. II. 352 Argyll..Wpone ane hill had tane beild.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. lxxxiv. 36 This is our beild, the blustring windes to shun.
1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 7 Beeld, shelter.
1786 R. Burns Poems II. 184 Jamaica bodies, use him weel, An' hap him in a cozie biel.
1792 R. Burns Let. to Cunningham 3 Mar. (1985) II. 620 Better a wee bush than nae bield.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xii. 259 The oppressors that hae driven me to tak the heather bush for a beild.
1822 W. J. Napier Pract. Store-farming 117 The most valuable..shelter..is derived from the bield of a close, well built, stone dike.
1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. Bield, a shelter or shed. ‘A bit of a bield in a field neuk.’
c. A lodging, dwelling; a den.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > [noun]
earneOE
wickc900
bottleeOE
innOE
boldOE
wonningc1000
wanea1225
wonea1250
bidea1300
dwelling1340
habitaculec1374
habitaclec1384
habitationc1384
mansionc1385
placea1387
manantie?a1400
dungeonc1460
longhousec1460
folda1500
residencea1522
abode1549
bield1570
lodgement1598
bidinga1600
sit-house1743
location1795
wigwam1817
address1855
yard1865
res1882
nivas1914
multifamily1952
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Rii/1 A Beale, den, spelunca.
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iii. 53 The foxe will not woorry neere his bele.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. viii. 124 There's thirty yonder..that ye have turned out o' their bits o' bields.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

bieldadj.

Forms: Also biel.
Etymology: < bield v. verb.
Scottish.
Sheltered, comfortable, cosy.
ΚΠ
1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 629 And haps me fiel and warm at e'en.
?1795 H. Macneill Scotland's Scaith 12 Neat and bield a Cot-house stood.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

bieldv.

/biːld/
Forms: Old English bieldan, byldan, beldan, Middle English belden, Orm. beoldenn, Middle English beld(e, Middle English bylde, beilde, beelde, beled, beyld, bild, 1500s beald, 1600s–1800s beal, Middle English– beild, bield. past participle beld, beild, bealed, bield.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English (Anglian) bęldan , (West Saxon) bięldan , byldan = Old Saxon beldjan , Old High German baldên , Middle High German belden , Gothic balþjan ‘to make bold,’ < Germanic *balþ-oz bold n. The sense-development in Middle English was evidently influenced by that of the cognate noun (see bield n.), which it closely follows. In senses 1, 2, Middle English had another verb of precisely the same meaning, bealden , balden , bolden < Old English bealdian (see bold v.); but the latter never got the senses of ‘protect, shelter.’
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1. transitive. To make bold, encourage; to confirm.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > encourage or embolden [verb (transitive)]
hearteOE
bieldc897
hardenc1175
elnea1225
hardyc1225
boldc1275
hardishc1325
endurec1384
assurec1386
emboldc1400
recomfortc1405
enharda1450
support1479
enhardy1483
animatec1487
encourage1490
emboldishc1503
hearten1524
bolden1526
spright1531
raise1533
accourage1534
enheart1545
to hearten on1555
hearten?1556
alacriate1560
bespirit1574
bebrave1576
to put in heart1579
to hearten up1580
embolden1583
bravea1593
enhearten1610
inspiritc1610
rehearten1611
blood1622
mana1625
valiant1628
flush1633
firm1639
buoy1645
embrave1648
reinhearten1652
reanimate1655
reinspirit1660
to give mettle to1689
warm1697
to lift (up) a person's spirits1711
reman1715
to make a man of1722
respirit1725
elate1726
to cocker up1762
enharden1779
nerve1799
boost1815
brace1816
high-mettle1831
braven1865
brazen1884
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xviii. 128 Ne tyht nan man his hieremonna mod ne ne bielt [v.r. bilt] to gastlicum weorcum.
993 Battle of Maldon 209 Swa hi bylde forð bearn Ælfrices.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2746 Þurrh godess millce beldedd.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2614 Wiþþ iwhillc mahht To beoldenn itt. & strengenn.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 126 Vre lauerd seolf þer stont bi ham iþefecht & bealdeð [v.r. beldeð] ham.
c1330 Lai Le Freine 231 The abbesse her gan teche & beld.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy x. 4541 Of the Bisshop þo buernes beldid were þen.
2. intransitive. To grow bold or strong; to be bold, have confidence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > bravery or boldness > be or grow bold [verb (intransitive)]
bield1330
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 135 Long myght he not regne, ne on his lif belde.
a1400 St. Alexius (Laud) 29 As he bigon to Belde And was i-come to monnes elde.
a1500 MS. Harl. 1701, lf. 64 (Halliw.) Thys mayde wax and bygan to belde Weyl ynto womans elde.
3. transitive. To defend, protect, shelter. Scottish and northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]
shieldc825
frithc893
werea900
i-schield971
berghOE
biwerec1000
grithc1000
witec1000
keepc1175
burghena1225
ward?c1225
hilla1240
warrantc1275
witiec1275
forhilla1300
umshadea1300
defendc1325
fendc1330
to hold in or to warrantc1330
bielda1350
warisha1375
succoura1387
defencea1398
shrouda1400
umbeshadow14..
shelvec1425
targec1430
protect?1435
obumber?1440
thorn1483
warrantise1490
charea1500
safeguard1501
heild?a1513
shend1530
warrant1530
shadow1548
fence1577
safekeep1588
bucklera1593
counterguard1594
save1595
tara1612
target1611
screenc1613
pre-arm1615
custodite1657
shelter1667
to guard against1725
cushion1836
enshield1855
mind1924
buffer1958
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 30 He shal him burewen þah he hire belde.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1220 None es so wight wapins to welde, Ne that so boldly mai us belde.
c1440 York Myst. i. 35 I beelde þe here baynely in blys for to be.
c1440 York Myst. i. 107 We þat ware beelded in blys, in bale are we nowe.
1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxl. vii Kyng Philip cowardly with royall hoste hym beld.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Rii/1 To Beald, succour, adumbrare, protegere.
?a1600 Felon Sow of Rokeby in W. Scott Rokeby (1813) p. lxxxvii The freer leapt..And bealed hym wyth a tree.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 332 That..bielded me as if I had been a sister.
4. intransitive (for reflexive). To find refuge, protection, or shelter; to shelter oneself; to lodge, dwell. (In this sense possibly confused with build n.)
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)]
liec1000
harbourc1200
sojournc1290
layc1300
sojourc1330
to make, take (up) one's lodging1362
pilgrimagea1382
bield?a1400
lodgec1400
tarryc1400
to make (one's) residence1433
harbingec1475
harbry1513
stay1554
roost?1555
embower1591
quarter1591
leaguer1596
allodge1601
tenta1616
visit1626
billet1628
to lie abroad1650
tabernacle1653
sojourney1657
canton1697
stop1797
to shake down1858
to hole up1875
perendinate1886
shack1935
cotch1950
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)]
bield?a1400
to hide one's headc1475
shroud1579
subterfuge1622
refuge1640
to take refuge1667
haven1742
to go to earth1820
to hole up1875
?a1400 Morte Arth. 8 Ewyre to belde and to byde in blysse with hyme selvene.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 1242 Thi baronage, that bieldez thare-in.
c1400 Melayne 1496 Under the cante of a hille Oure Bretons beldis & bydis stille.
c1440 York Myst. i. 61 All blys es here beeldande a-boute vs.
c1440 York Myst. xxxii. 1 Pees, bewscheres, I bidde you, þat beldis here aboute me.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xv. 178 Alas!..Where may we beyld?
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xiv. 5864 And bowet fro the batell..ffor to beld hym on þe bent, & his brethe take.
5. transferred. To cover, cover over. (Only Scottish.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover over or up
bitheccheOE
bewrya1000
overheleOE
becoverc1325
overcovera1382
overhillc1390
hapc1400
whelvec1440
bield?1507
to cover over1530
obrute1542
overdight1581
whave1674
tile1719
beshroud1847
to cover up1872
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 45 Now sall the byle all out brist, that beild has so lang [a1586 beild has bein lang].
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 672 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 116 Braid burdis and benkis ourbeld with bancouris of gold.
c1550 J. Balfour Practicks 618 To see the ship tyit and beiled.
6. To sustain, nourish, feed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)]
afeedeOE
foddereOE
feedc950
fosterc1175
fooda1225
nourishc1300
nurshc1325
nourishc1384
abechea1393
relievec1425
norrya1450
nurturea1450
pasturec1450
foisonc1485
bield1488
aliment1490
repast1494
nutrifya1500
repatera1522
battle1548
forage1552
nurse1591
substantiate1592
refeed1615
alumnate1656
focillate1656
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 43 This land is purd off fud that suld ws beild.
1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados i. xi. 21 Fyfty damacellis..To graith the chalmeris, and the fyris beild.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.c890adj.1792v.c897
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