rotulan.

Brit.

/ˈrɒtjᵿlə/,

/ˈrɒtʃᵿlə/, U.S.

/ˈrɑtʃələ/

Inflections: Plural rotulae, rotulas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rotula.

Etymology: < classical Latin rotula small wheel, in post-classical Latin also kneecap (a1350 in a British source; 1363 in Chauliac) < rota wheel (see rota n.) + -ula -ula suffix. Compare Middle French, French rotule (1487), Spanish rótula (1493 in a translation of Chauliac), both in sense ‘kneecap’. Compare rotule n.Classical Latin rotula was adopted in scientific Latin as a genus name Rotula ( C. F. Schumacher Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés (1817) 33); compare sense 3. In sense 4a after French rotule ( C. Des Moulins Études sur les Échinides in Actes Linn. Soc. Bordeaux (1835) 7 232: see note at definition).

a. Anatomy. The patella (kneecap). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of leg > [noun] > knee-cap

eye of the kneea1400

rotulaa1400

knee-pan14..

whirling-bone14..

knee-bonec1410

pan?a1425

rotule?a1425

rowel?a1425

whirl-bone1530

patel1552

shive1598

kneeshive1599

lid of the knee1632

patella1634

cap1767

kneecap1869

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 177 A round boon..clepid rotula, & of summen it is clepid þe yȝe of þe knee.

1588 W. Clowes Prooued Pract. Young Chirurgians facing sig. P.iiiiii. (heading) The cure of a certaine Clothier..which was daungerously wounded foure ynches in breadth aboue the left knee, in such sort, that the Rotula, or round bone of the knee did hang downe very much.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. Thesaurarye sig. aij^v/1 That which is rotundelye elevatede, is called Rotula or the shive of the Knee.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια xiii. xxxv. 1003 Celsus calleth it patella or the Sawcer. It is also very commonly called Rotula, we will call it the Whirle-bone.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. xxi. 356/2 Others call it Rotula, Patella, Mola, Scutum, Os scutiforme, &c. the Kneepan, because it constitutes the Knee.

1715 S. Sewall Diary 2 July (1973) II. 792 I..was grievously surpris'd to find Hannah fallen down the Stairs again, the Rotula of her Left Knee broken.

1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones ii. 320 The Substance of the Rotula is cellular.

1843 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1841–3 1 189 Two rotulæ of the Mammoth.

1917 W. de Kerlor tr. É. Boirac Our Hidden Forces 150 Suppose the rotula of his left knee is chosen for the experiment.

2008 Pediatric Hematol. & Oncol. 25 205 He underwent surgical reinsertion of each tendon on the rotula.

b. The point of the elbow; (Anatomy) the capitellum of the humerus. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of arm > [noun] > bone of elbow

olecranon1578

rotula1766

funny bone1826

singing-bone1854

1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality I. vii. 238 The ball..lodged on the rotula of my left arm.

1900 Progressive Med. 4 136 After the third year only the capitellum (rotula) is projected.

1900 Daily News 3 July 3/4 The rotula of the elbows form big balls like knots on a crabtree stick.

1918 Surg., Gynecol. & Obstetr. 27 64/2 When the rotula is broken, there is usually an abnormally large olecranon.

2. Astronomy. A mechanical device showing the motion of the sun and moon and their position for each day of the year. More fully astronomical rotula. Now historical.The astronomical rotula was devised by the Scottish inventor James Ferguson (1710–76).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > sun and moon > [noun]

lunary14..

rotula1746

lunarium1786

1746 J. Ferguson Use of New Orrery Advt. sig. A1^v The Astronomical Rotula, shewing the Place of the Sun, Moon and Moon's Nodes in the Ecliptic..every Day in the Year.

1833 T. Dick On Improvem. Society v. 182 Mr. Ferguson, the inventor of several orreries, the astronomical rotula, the eclipsarian,..and other astronomical machinery, had, from his earliest years, devoted the greatest part of his time to the study of mechanics.

1883 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 258 Rotulas, orreries, dials, everything he could think of, his patient hands elaborated.

1932 Jrnl. Sci. Instruments 9 147 Other orreries and tidal rotulas followed: some of them very complicated.

2000 Notes & Rec. Royal Soc. 54 38 The rotula eventually went through several impressions until the year 1752, when the reform of the calendar made it useless.

3. Zoology. A keyhole urchin or sand dollar of the West African genus Rotula (order Clypeasteroida), having a round, flattened test with deep notches along the edge. Also (in form Rotula): the genus itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > miscellaneous types > genus rotula

rotula1753

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The characters of the rotulæ are, that they are flat shells in form of a cake.

1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 641 Rotula has one of the margins toothed like a wheel.

1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 728 The Rotula, so called because of its wheel-like shape, is nearly as flat as a piece of money.

1906 E. W. MacBride in Cambr. Nat. Hist. I. xviii. 549 Rotula, with the edge produced into a number of finger-like processes.

1979 Paleobiology 5 193/1 Lunules..usually make their appearance as open notches, which are preserved throughout life at the posterior margins of Rotula.

4. Zoology.

a. Each of five radial elements forming part of the oral apparatus (Aristotle's lantern) of echinoids; = rotule n. 2b.They are elongated in shape in regular echinoids, but were named by Des Moulins (1835) from the more discoid structures that he observed in clypeasteroids (sand dollars).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > member of (sea-urchin) > parts of > piece forming oral skeleton

rotula1854

rotule1955

1854 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 13 117 The oral skeleton of the regular Echinidæ consists of five pairs of alveoli for the five enamelled teeth, of ten epiphyses for the inter-connexion of the former, and of five other radial pieces upon which the epiphyses articulate. These are the pieces which Des Moulins calls rotulæ, Valentin falces.

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals ix. 576 Superiorly, the epiphyses of each pair of alveoli are connected by long radial pieces—the rotulæ, articulated with their edges.

1940 O. E. Lowenstein Parker & Haswell's Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. xi. 708 With the inner end of each rotula is movably articulated a more slender bar, the radius.

1984 A. Smith Echinoid Palaeobiol. iii. 62 Adjacent pyramids are connected by the rotula, a flattened brace attached to the epiphyses.

2000 Invertebr. Biol. 119 412/2 Three plates (aboral, ambital, and oral), and a rotula from Aristotle's lantern, were used to assess the number of cycles added annually.

b. A circular structure forming the end of some sponge spicules; = rotule n. 2a. Also: a wheel-shaped spicule in the integument of certain holothurians (cf. wheel-spicule n. at wheel n. Compounds 2). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Holothurioidea > member of (sea-cucumber) > parts of > calcareous formation in integument

rotula1858

wheel-spicule1877

rotule1882

1858 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 148 317 In the third stage of development the terminations assume the form of distinct circular plates or incipient rotulæ, the margins of which are slightly crenate.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 550 The calcareous deposits of the body are as a rule represented only by scattered spicules.., by wheels (= rotulae), e.g. in Chirodota,..or variously shaped plates.

1952 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 55 453 Annandale (1911)..establishes the genus Corvospongilla for ‘Spongillidae in which the gemmulae-spicules are without trace of rotulae’.

2003 Jrnl. S. Amer. Earth Sci. 15 851/1 The upper surface of the rotulae is smooth in the investigated material.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rotula
释义	rotulan. Brit. /ˈrɒtjᵿlə/, /ˈrɒtʃᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈrɑtʃələ/ Inflections: Plural rotulae, rotulas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rotula. Etymology: < classical Latin rotula small wheel, in post-classical Latin also kneecap (a1350 in a British source; 1363 in Chauliac) < rota wheel (see rota n.) + -ula -ula suffix. Compare Middle French, French rotule (1487), Spanish rótula (1493 in a translation of Chauliac), both in sense ‘kneecap’. Compare rotule n.Classical Latin rotula was adopted in scientific Latin as a genus name Rotula ( C. F. Schumacher Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés (1817) 33); compare sense 3. In sense 4a after French rotule ( C. Des Moulins Études sur les Échinides in Actes Linn. Soc. Bordeaux (1835) 7 232: see note at definition). 1. a. Anatomy. The patella (kneecap). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of leg > [noun] > knee-cap eye of the kneea1400 rotulaa1400 knee-pan14.. whirling-bone14.. knee-bonec1410 pan?a1425 rotule?a1425 rowel?a1425 whirl-bone1530 patel1552 shive1598 kneeshive1599 lid of the knee1632 patella1634 cap1767 kneecap1869 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 177 A round boon..clepid rotula, & of summen it is clepid þe yȝe of þe knee. 1588 W. Clowes Prooued Pract. Young Chirurgians facing sig. P.iiiiii. (heading) The cure of a certaine Clothier..which was daungerously wounded foure ynches in breadth aboue the left knee, in such sort, that the Rotula, or round bone of the knee did hang downe very much. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. Thesaurarye sig. aij^v/1 That which is rotundelye elevatede, is called Rotula or the shive of the Knee. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια xiii. xxxv. 1003 Celsus calleth it patella or the Sawcer. It is also very commonly called Rotula, we will call it the Whirle-bone. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. xxi. 356/2 Others call it Rotula, Patella, Mola, Scutum, Os scutiforme, &c. the Kneepan, because it constitutes the Knee. 1715 S. Sewall Diary 2 July (1973) II. 792 I..was grievously surpris'd to find Hannah fallen down the Stairs again, the Rotula of her Left Knee broken. 1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones ii. 320 The Substance of the Rotula is cellular. 1843 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1841–3 1 189 Two rotulæ of the Mammoth. 1917 W. de Kerlor tr. É. Boirac Our Hidden Forces 150 Suppose the rotula of his left knee is chosen for the experiment. 2008 Pediatric Hematol. & Oncol. 25 205 He underwent surgical reinsertion of each tendon on the rotula. b. The point of the elbow; (Anatomy) the capitellum of the humerus. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of arm > [noun] > bone of elbow olecranon1578 rotula1766 funny bone1826 singing-bone1854 1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality I. vii. 238 The ball..lodged on the rotula of my left arm. 1900 Progressive Med. 4 136 After the third year only the capitellum (rotula) is projected. 1900 Daily News 3 July 3/4 The rotula of the elbows form big balls like knots on a crabtree stick. 1918 Surg., Gynecol. & Obstetr. 27 64/2 When the rotula is broken, there is usually an abnormally large olecranon. 2. Astronomy. A mechanical device showing the motion of the sun and moon and their position for each day of the year. More fully astronomical rotula. Now historical.The astronomical rotula was devised by the Scottish inventor James Ferguson (1710–76). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > sun and moon > [noun] lunary14.. rotula1746 lunarium1786 1746 J. Ferguson Use of New Orrery Advt. sig. A1^v The Astronomical Rotula, shewing the Place of the Sun, Moon and Moon's Nodes in the Ecliptic..every Day in the Year. 1833 T. Dick On Improvem. Society v. 182 Mr. Ferguson, the inventor of several orreries, the astronomical rotula, the eclipsarian,..and other astronomical machinery, had, from his earliest years, devoted the greatest part of his time to the study of mechanics. 1883 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 258 Rotulas, orreries, dials, everything he could think of, his patient hands elaborated. 1932 Jrnl. Sci. Instruments 9 147 Other orreries and tidal rotulas followed: some of them very complicated. 2000 Notes & Rec. Royal Soc. 54 38 The rotula eventually went through several impressions until the year 1752, when the reform of the calendar made it useless. 3. Zoology. A keyhole urchin or sand dollar of the West African genus Rotula (order Clypeasteroida), having a round, flattened test with deep notches along the edge. Also (in form Rotula): the genus itself. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > miscellaneous types > genus rotula rotula1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The characters of the rotulæ are, that they are flat shells in form of a cake. 1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 641 Rotula has one of the margins toothed like a wheel. 1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 728 The Rotula, so called because of its wheel-like shape, is nearly as flat as a piece of money. 1906 E. W. MacBride in Cambr. Nat. Hist. I. xviii. 549 Rotula, with the edge produced into a number of finger-like processes. 1979 Paleobiology 5 193/1 Lunules..usually make their appearance as open notches, which are preserved throughout life at the posterior margins of Rotula. 4. Zoology. a. Each of five radial elements forming part of the oral apparatus (Aristotle's lantern) of echinoids; = rotule n. 2b.They are elongated in shape in regular echinoids, but were named by Des Moulins (1835) from the more discoid structures that he observed in clypeasteroids (sand dollars). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > member of (sea-urchin) > parts of > piece forming oral skeleton rotula1854 rotule1955 1854 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 13 117 The oral skeleton of the regular Echinidæ consists of five pairs of alveoli for the five enamelled teeth, of ten epiphyses for the inter-connexion of the former, and of five other radial pieces upon which the epiphyses articulate. These are the pieces which Des Moulins calls rotulæ, Valentin falces. 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals ix. 576 Superiorly, the epiphyses of each pair of alveoli are connected by long radial pieces—the rotulæ, articulated with their edges. 1940 O. E. Lowenstein Parker & Haswell's Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. xi. 708 With the inner end of each rotula is movably articulated a more slender bar, the radius. 1984 A. Smith Echinoid Palaeobiol. iii. 62 Adjacent pyramids are connected by the rotula, a flattened brace attached to the epiphyses. 2000 Invertebr. Biol. 119 412/2 Three plates (aboral, ambital, and oral), and a rotula from Aristotle's lantern, were used to assess the number of cycles added annually. b. A circular structure forming the end of some sponge spicules; = rotule n. 2a. Also: a wheel-shaped spicule in the integument of certain holothurians (cf. wheel-spicule n. at wheel n. Compounds 2). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Holothurioidea > member of (sea-cucumber) > parts of > calcareous formation in integument rotula1858 wheel-spicule1877 rotule1882 1858 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 148 317 In the third stage of development the terminations assume the form of distinct circular plates or incipient rotulæ, the margins of which are slightly crenate. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 550 The calcareous deposits of the body are as a rule represented only by scattered spicules.., by wheels (= rotulae), e.g. in Chirodota,..or variously shaped plates. 1952 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 55 453 Annandale (1911)..establishes the genus Corvospongilla for ‘Spongillidae in which the gemmulae-spicules are without trace of rotulae’. 2003 Jrnl. S. Amer. Earth Sci. 15 851/1 The upper surface of the rotulae is smooth in the investigated material. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1400
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