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单词 rounded
释义

roundedadj.

Brit. /ˈraʊndᵻd/, U.S. /ˈraʊndəd/
Forms: see round v.2 and -ed suffix1; also late Middle English iroundid.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: round v.2, -ed suffix1.
Etymology: < round v.2 + -ed suffix1. Compare similar uses in French of rondi , use as adjective of past participle of rondir round v.2 (attested from the early 15th cent.).
I. Designating shape or form.
1.
a. Having a round or curved form; spherical; circular.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adjective] > somewhat round
rounded?a1425
roundish1545
roundly1616
rounding1628
obrotund1653
obround1668
subrotund1753
subrotundous1775
subrotundate1840
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 111v (MED) And..see he þe vryne..Afterward consider he his face..Of þe erez, if þai be rounded & shorte.
a1456 (a1426) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 677 Þoughe his bely were rounded lyche an ooke She wolde not fayle to gyf þe first[e] strooke.
1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. G Hyr sweete and eke hyr sugred lippes, softe, rounded lyke the berrie, Right well to me resemble doe the crimson bloomed cherrie.
1587 M. Grove Most Famous Hist. Pelops & Hippodamia sig. B.iiiiv The Gods that rule the skye, And turne the rounded globe.
1622 P. Hannay Nightingale 96 A rounded Moon Which from a cloud comes suddenly to sight.
1678 A. van Leeuwenhoeck in R. Hooke Lect. & Coll. 86 Irregular particles for the most part rounded.
1717 J. Ozell in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Metamorphoses x. 340 To pitch the rounded Quoit, their wonted Play.
1781 A. Hamilton Treat. Midwifery 101 The fundus..may be felt..like a hard rounded ball, between the belly and back-bone.
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. Gloss. 83 Volcanos throw out sometimes detached masses of melted lava, which, as they fall, assume rounded forms (like bomb-shells).
1874 S. F. Baird et al. Hist. N. Amer. Birds II. 504 The white..on the outer webs of the feathers forms rounded spots rather than bands.
1955 S. V. Rainey & H. W. Hogben Elements Industr. Radiogr. vii. 29 Defects appear radiographically as dark shadows of rounded outline.
1999 A. Ryder Artist's Compl. Guide Figure Drawing (2000) vii. 129/2 Tonal progressions create an illusion of rounded, curving surfaces.
b. Convex; outwardly curved; dome-shaped.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [adjective] > convex
swellingc1000
gibbousc1400
round?1523
convex?a1560
convexed1578
bias1609
out-bowed1613
outbent1625
full1627
outbowing1657
gibbose1682
rounded1712
bulging1812
pot-bellied1814
balloony1861
bombed1872
bombous1878
1712 T. Parnell in Spectator No. 460. ⁋6 The Top of the Building being rounded, bore so far the Resemblance of a Bubble.
1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vii. 349 Where the buckler was beneath Rounded, the falchion struck.
1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey I. 19 These tents were circular in form, and rounded towards the top.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xix. 337 The rounded surface of the earth.
1958 W. E. Swinton Fossil Amphibians & Reptiles (ed. 2) viii. 48 Tortoises, often of large size, and generally typified by a rounded or vaulted carapace, are known from the early Tertiary onwards.
1995 L. Hogan Solar Storms (1997) 69 It was a thick-walled house with a rounded ceiling, domelike, made of lodgepole pines.
c. Of hills, mountains, etc.: having a dome-like form; curving.
ΚΠ
1795 Med. Commentaries for 1794 Decade 2nd 10 vii. 83 The gentle slopes of the rounded hills.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 30 The mountains..are rounded in shape.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxviii. 229 At another time, you travel over rounded dunes of old seasoned hummock.
1916 Emu 16 157 Some of the more rounded hills were covered in porcupine-bush.
1979 Backpacker Dec. 28/1 This is a land of rolling, tree-topped hills and wide, rounded valleys.
2009 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 18 Jan. (Herald-Times ed.) d11/3 A region of high rounded hills and picturesque valleys.
d. Of a person or a person's figure: plump or curvaceous. Also with modifying adverb.
ΚΠ
1807 A. M. Porter Hungarian Brothers III. vii. 223 As to the figure, on which I know you prided yourself,—your neck, your arms, your finely-rounded shape,—it's all vanished.
1896 Cosmopolis May 306 Anthony was a comfortably rounded man, respectably angular in feature, profoundly commonplace.
1922 J. M. Hudson Marne xxiv. 321 On the left is the graceful, rounded form of a beautiful woman, a naiad—the Marne.
1977 Iowa Rev. 8 110 She sees that one of the rounded women is already seated at the bar.
1993 F. Collymore RSVP to Mrs Bush-Hall 128 She was dressed in a white satin gown that displayed her rounded figure perhaps a little too bumpily, but Lucas, arriving at the very last moment, had approved.
e. Of a dry measure: curving, intermediate between level and heaped; moderately generous.
ΚΠ
1826 Franklin Jrnl. 1 279 As coals are sold by what is termed ‘rounded measure’, or partially heaped, it became necessary to ascertain the cubical content of a body of coal thus measured.
1867 Illustr. Ann. Reg. Rural Affairs 331 A rounded teaspoonful is a full dose.
1910 Table Talk June 335/1 A level cupful of granulated sugar weighs seven ounces, a rounded cupful is eight ounces.
1965 Observer 28 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 34/1 One could be pedantic and write back: I mean ‘a rounded tablespoon’ unless you want a thinner soup, sauce or stew, in which case I mean ‘a level tablespoon’.
2002 S. K. Nissenberg Everything Kids' Cookbk. i. 8/2 Unless the recipe says to use a ‘rounded’ measure, make sure to fill the cup or spoon evenly to the top.
2.
a. Of a person: tonsured; having shaven or closely cropped hair. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [adjective] > cut short
shornc1050
polleda1325
ydoddeda1400
rounded?a1439
nottedc1440
gallows-rounded1567
stubbed1627
well-cropped1805
well-shaven1842
bobbed1918
Eton-cropped1925
crew-cropped1938
crew cut1940
urchin cut1951
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > people with styles of hair > [adjective] > cut or shaved
nottOE
shavenc1330
rounded?a1439
clipped1483
poll-shorn1556
notched1597
nott-pated1598
well-shaved1600
shaveling1607
nott-headed1612
cropped-eared1641
round-headed1641
polled1653
crop-eared1680
lop-eared1798
shaved1837
crop-headed1842
county-cropped1849
cropped1856
colled1877
crop-haired1879
prison-cropped1882
bob-haired1923
bobbed-haired1928
bobbed-hair1953
slap-headed1994
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. 969 Lik a bisshop Iroundid & Ishorn.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 263 (MED) The men of that londe be rowndede in the maner of a cercle [a1387 St. John's Cambr. beeþ i-schore aboute; L. circulariter tonduntur].
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 178/1 in Chron. I For he was rounded or shauen after the maner of the East Church.
1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) Tonsus homo, a man rounded, polled or notted.
1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 10 Long bushie haire was the signale mark of Maiestie,..when as all subiects were rounded, and the Kings only long haired.
b. Of hair: closely cut or trimmed. Obsolete.Recorded earliest in gallows-rounded adj. at gallows n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 199 He wantis nocht bot a rowndit heid.
1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. F.7 What though one with face austere, with naked feete, and bayre, Should Cato counterfeate, and in his gallowes rounded hayre, Soould he be like to Catos self in life and vertue then?
3.
a. Having a round end or edge; that has been made round by trimming or smoothing off the angles. Cf. rounded-off adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective] > rounded or not angular
inangular1646
rounded1658
flowing1709
contoured1725
cornerless1793
bull-nose1858
globuloid1889
radiused1936
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 969 Many round pearls set at just distances, do make the outward'st rounded skirt of all the wings to be more graceful.
1682 Edinb. City Arch. (Moses Bundle 254) No. 7741 Rounded peices [sc. coins].
1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 173 The Cup of these Flowers is a Basin of one single piece, divided into five rounded parts.
1768 B. Cuthbertson Syst. Compl. Managem. Battalion of Infantry xiii. 117 The Buckles..should have rounded corners, to prevent their hurting the Men's fingers.
1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 629 Those angular threads which are rounded at the top and bottom, and which are thence called rounded or round threads.
1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 72 The teeth on the under side of the wheel..should be rounded.
1920 Pop. Mech. Mag. Feb. 313/1 Two bars of steel..are rounded off along one edge and placed side by side in a vise so that the two rounded edges face each other.
1995 C. Podolak Easy Guide Sewing Jackets (1996) 39/1 Jackets with curved front edges demand rounded pockets.
b. Of wood: cut into a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > made cylindrical
rounded1742
1742 Acta Germanica I. 156 It is a piece of rounded wood which is held between the incisors.
1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 328/2 The village houses are all log-houses (mostly of rounded logs).
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 225 The ‘cap’..always of rounded and not of split timber like the lower bars.
1947 I. E. S. Edwards Pyramids of Egypt (1955) ii. 59 A flat stone roof, carved on the underside to imitate rounded logs of wood.
1998 B. Santich McLaren Vale Sea & Vines iv. 120 In one corner rounded timber shingles overlap like the petals of a flower.
4. Geology. Of rocks, stones, etc.: worn round and smooth by attrition. Cf. rolled adj. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > smoothed or rounded
rounded1757
rolled1776
slickensided1875
1757 E. M. da Costa Nat. Hist. Fossils 151 The said stones seem only to be fragments..rolled by the waves till they were rounded.
1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall vii. 77 A layer of sand..beneath which is a layer of rounded smooth stones, such as the beach of the sea affords.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 830 Portions of rounded gravel and organic remains.
1893 H. H. Howorth Glacial Nightmare I. 36 While rounded boulders occur on the mountains, unrounded ones occur in the river beds.
1960 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 71 508/2 Conglomerate implies a consolidated rock, with rounded fragments.
2001 Oxoniensia 65 189 A greensand containing rounded, shiny quartz pebbles set in a calcareous matrix.
5. Architecture. Of an arch, window, etc.: having a semicircular top. Also: belonging to or designating a style of architecture characterized by the use of semicircular arches. Cf. round-arched adj.Esp. with reference to Romanesque or Norman architecture.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles
florida1706
massive1723
rounded1757
round-arched1782
castellar1789
baronial1807
rational1813
English colonial1817
massy1817
transitional1817
Scottish Baronial1829
rococo1830
flamboyant1832
Scotch Baronial1833
Churrigueresque1845
Russo-Byzantine1845
soaring1849
trenchant1849
vernacular1857
Scots Baronial1864
baroque1867
Perp.1867
rayonnant1873
Dutch colonial1876
Neo-Grec1878
rococoesque1885
Richardsonian1887
federal1894
organic1896
confectionery1897
European-style1907
postmodern1916
Lutyens1921
modern1927
moderne1928
functionalist1930
Williamsburg1931
Colonial Revival1934
packing case1935
Corbusian1936
lavatorial1936
pseudish1938
Adamesque1942
rationalist1952
Miesian1956
open-planned1958
Lutyensesque1961
façade1962
Odeon1964
high-tech1979
Populuxe1986
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [adjective] > types of arch
schemed1715
rampant1725
surmounted1728
ox-eyed1736
round-headed1751
full-centred1756
rounded1757
shark-toothed1794
straight1812
spandrelled1813
keyed1822
full centre1837
ogival1841
ogived1845
subarcuated1849
bonnet-headed1850
ogeed1851
uncusped1859
voussoired1875
subordered1898
1757 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant (ed. 2) 264 This sepulchre..was built with square polished stones, in the fashion of a rounded arch, vault, or cupola.
1795 J. Aikin Descr. Country round Manch. ii. i. 274 On one side is a great pile with two rows of rounded windows.
1859 J. Ruskin Two Paths i. §33 The whole great French school of rounded architecture.
1885 E. Sanderson Outl. World's Hist. 365 The rounded arch of the Norman style..began to give place..to the pointed arch of..the Gothic architecture.
1950 W. Durant Age of Faith v. xxxii. 870 These were rebuilt before 1300, still in the rounded style.
1998 G. Alington Borderlands 44 A large rounded arch leads from the south transept to the adjoining chapels.
6. Of limbs: having a full, developed form; finely shaped.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [adjective] > rounded
fullOE
full-bodied1588
rounded1766
Rubenesque1815
Rubensesque1834
well-stacked1935
stacked1942
1766 tr. J.-F. Marmontel Moral Tales (ed. 2) I. 47 She then took the theorbo, an instrument favourable to the display of a rounded arm.
1796 Berkeley Hall; or, Pupil of Experience II. ii. 14 Her skin was shining as ebony, her teeth like alabaster, her limbs beautifully rounded.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Sea-fairies in Poems 148 The weary mariners..saw..Sweet faces, rounded arms, and bosoms prest To little harps of gold.
1863 M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Victory i. 3 The ankle so revealed was rounded and slender.
1919 H. A. Larsen tr. J. P. Jacobsen Niels Lyhne iii. 36 He bent over the milkwhite, gently rounded legs and the long, slender feet.
1992 E. Kraft Little Follies xi. 368 She first appeared..pushing the kitchen door open with a beautifully rounded hip.
2005 Daily Tel. 3 Mar. 18/4 As the sylph, Kerry Biggin, with her rounded limbs and schoolgirl face, looked perfect.
7. Of an animal or person: curled up. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [adjective] > disposed in or forming (a) coil(s)
twinedc1300
wounda1382
wreathenc1400
wrinkledc1403
wreathedc1425
whorlish1562
folded1570
writhen1584
upwound1590
entortilled1629
coiled1661
whirled1715
whirl-shaped1762
crinkum-crankum1766
convoluted1811
gyrated1822
rounded1845
vorticiform1849
looped1850
vorticose1870
convolute1874
gyrate1876
swirled1909
snake-spiral1922
1845 S. Judd Margaret i. xvii. 159 Bull, the dog, lies rounded on the hearth, his nose between his paws, fast asleep.
1999 S. J. Naslund Disobedience of Water 96 Their knees were pulled up and they lay rounded and natural.
II. Designating a state or quality.
8. Of a sentence, phrase, etc.: neatly finished; elegantly expressed; well-turned.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [adjective] > neat > neatly rounded (of period)
rounded1719
well-rounded1764
1719 A. Philips in Free-thinker 16 Jan. (No. 86) 2 How flat and insipid are the Laboured Writings of some Men of Skill... who..can never, with all their Rounded Periods, interest the Affections of their Readers.
1772 Town & Country Mag. 99 To introduce a rounded period or a smart antithesis.
1850 Blackwood's Edind. Mag. Apr. 442/2 A carefully rounded phrase intended for the ear of royalty.
1898 G. W. E. Russell Coll. & Recoll. xii. 161 An inexhaustible supply of sonorous phrases and rounded periods.
1937 B. E. C. Dugdale A. J. Balfour ii. 19 The speech took more out of its author than did the composition of these rounded sentences.
1986 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Jan. g17/1 Most of the characters speak in rounded periods, often with a touch of malicious wit.
2001 G. Indiana Depraved Indifference (2003) 122 The things he'd practiced telling her in nice rounded sentences full of vocabulary reached her as the oppressive gibberish of an implacable child.
9. Brought to a complete, finished, or perfect state; well-balanced, varied. Also (of a fictional character): fully realized; lifelike. Cf. well-rounded adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective]
fulleOE
plenara1325
perfectc1350
completec1380
heala1399
plenary?a1425
absolute1531
explete1534
well-accomplished1568
quit1583
orbeda1657
orbicular1673
saturate1682
rounded1746
broad-blown1855
plene1867
choate1878
ten tenth1948
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. vi. 60 A thousand Talents be the rounded Sum, You first design'd.
1808 W. Scott Let. 2 Nov. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1838) I. 351 They have begun in a truly manly and rounded manner.
1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 258 Hummel was seated at Mozart's piano, and..made such progress as to delight every one with his smooth, brilliant, and rounded execution.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. xii. 421 His seemed a perfectly rounded life.
1955 W. D. Sievers Freud on Broadway x. 271 His ability to draw identifiable and rounded characters with racy, charged dialogue.
1977 Irish Press 29 Sept. 11/6 Father Jim Forristal..agreed wholeheartedly with the sisters in the concentration on providing a rounded education, rather than responding unduly to exam pressures.
2006 K. Cregan Sociol. of Body ii. 47 In harmony and balance, you have a rounded personality, rude health and a happy mind.
10.
a. Of the voice, sound, etc.: sonorous; mellow; harmonious.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > pleasant > mellow
rounded1783
round1795
1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric II. xxxiii. 219 A modulation of voice more rounded, and bordering more upon music, than conversation admits.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 11 The sound was..sometimes broken into rounded explosions.
1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xiii. 259 The voice was fuller and more rounded, because the man knew he was speaking of his best work.
1959 R. Winston & C. Winston tr. E. Schenk Mozart & his Times iii. 200 He also has a very fine rounded tone.
2008 Guardian 7 Mar. (Film & Music section) 14/2 The Manjaco and Balanta, with their rounded, lilting rhythms.
b. Phonetics. Of vowels: affected by labialization. Cf. labial adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adjective] > types of
openeOE
sharp?1533
simple1582
small1599
soft1625
obscurea1637
round1710
slender1755
close1760
wide1824
lowered1836
narrow1844
labialized1856
orinasal1856
central1857
reduced1861
free1864
high1867
low1867
mid1867
mixed1867
rounded1867
unrounded1871
raised1876
unreduced1894
obscured1897
spread1902
lax1909
slack1909
tense1909
centralized1926
flat1934
r-coloured1935
checked1943
1867 A. M. Bell Visible Speech: Sci. Universal Alphabetics 76 The ‘rounded’ vowels are called ‘High-Back Round’.., ‘High-Back Wide Round’ [etc.].
1890 H. Sweet Primer of Phonetics 24 Pairs of rounded and unrounded vowels are often formed with slightly divergent tongue-positions.
1953 J. B. Carroll Study of Lang. ii. 34 These distinctive features [of the phoneme] consist of binary, two-valued oppositions or contrasts, such as voiced/unvoiced, high/low, rounded/unrounded.
1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 309 Rounded sounds are produced with a narrowing of the lip orifice.
1993 IRAL 31 40 A non-labial segment in the onset is labialized when followed by a rounded vowel in the nucleus.
11. Of a number: approximated by rounding; expressed in fewer significant figures. Cf. rounded-off adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > describing particular qualities > approximate
rounded1881
rounded-off1890
1881 Occas. Papers (Royal Engineer Inst.) 5 194 A total of 328 is obtained, which does not differ greatly from Todleben's obviously ‘rounded’ number.
1912 J. W. Mellor Mod. Inorg. Chem. iv. 64 Some chemists..firmly believe that the rounded numbers are the best representative values of the atomic weights.
1956 G. A. Montgomerie Digital Calculating Machines vii. 129 A convenient rule to ensure this is to make the rounded digit even rather than odd in case of doubt.
1973 G. M. Phillips & P. J. Taylor Theory & Applic. Numerical Anal. 359 We can avoid statistical bias by forcing the last digit in the rounded number to be even.
2009 Times (Nexis) 12 Sept. 92 100 per cent is a rounded figure from 99.6 per cent.

Compounds

With adverbs. See also rounded-off adj.
rounded-in adj. rare that has been rounded in; closed, self-contained.
ΚΠ
1911 W. James Some Probl. Philos. vi. 99 Rationalistic philosophy has always aspired to a rounded-in view of the whole of things, a closed system of kinds.

Derivatives

ˈroundedly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb]
fullyeOE
allesOE
fullOE
rightc1175
everydealc1300
wholec1300
whollya1325
finelyc1330
fairly1340
completec1374
gainlya1375
clearly1377
freelya1393
plaina1393
entire?a1400
entirelyc1400
oddlyc1400
sufficientlyc1440
expressc1475
totally1509
completely1526
finec1530
exactly?1531
sincerely1576
start1599
fillingly1611
circularly1618
solid1651
out-over1745
rotundly1775
roundedly?1802
whole hog1840
clear-away1883
whole cloth1917
righteous1948
?1802–3 H. C. Andrews Botanist's Repository IV. Pl. CCLXXXI Seeds many, roundedly-angular.
1878 T. Sinclair Mount 81 [It] made Milton's work indefinite and grandiose instead of simply freely roundedly grand.
1923 Psyche Feb. 6 The ultimate segment..almost as broad at the roundedly truncate apex as at the base.
2003 I. Banks Raw Spirit (2004) iv. 69 Jura's a steeply, roundedly mountainous, deeply rugged island.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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