单词 | rounded |
释义 | roundedadj. I. Designating shape or form. 1. a. Having a round or curved form; spherical; circular. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adjective] > somewhat round rounded?a1425 roundish1545 roundly1616 rounding1628 obrotund1653 obround1668 subrotund1753 subrotundous1775 subrotundate1840 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 111v (MED) And..see he þe vryne..Afterward consider he his face..Of þe erez, if þai be rounded & shorte. a1456 (a1426) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 677 Þoughe his bely were rounded lyche an ooke She wolde not fayle to gyf þe first[e] strooke. 1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. G Hyr sweete and eke hyr sugred lippes, softe, rounded lyke the berrie, Right well to me resemble doe the crimson bloomed cherrie. 1587 M. Grove Most Famous Hist. Pelops & Hippodamia sig. B.iiiiv The Gods that rule the skye, And turne the rounded globe. 1622 P. Hannay Nightingale 96 A rounded Moon Which from a cloud comes suddenly to sight. 1678 A. van Leeuwenhoeck in R. Hooke Lect. & Coll. 86 Irregular particles for the most part rounded. 1717 J. Ozell in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Metamorphoses x. 340 To pitch the rounded Quoit, their wonted Play. 1781 A. Hamilton Treat. Midwifery 101 The fundus..may be felt..like a hard rounded ball, between the belly and back-bone. 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. Gloss. 83 Volcanos throw out sometimes detached masses of melted lava, which, as they fall, assume rounded forms (like bomb-shells). 1874 S. F. Baird et al. Hist. N. Amer. Birds II. 504 The white..on the outer webs of the feathers forms rounded spots rather than bands. 1955 S. V. Rainey & H. W. Hogben Elements Industr. Radiogr. vii. 29 Defects appear radiographically as dark shadows of rounded outline. 1999 A. Ryder Artist's Compl. Guide Figure Drawing (2000) vii. 129/2 Tonal progressions create an illusion of rounded, curving surfaces. b. Convex; outwardly curved; dome-shaped. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [adjective] > convex swellingc1000 gibbousc1400 round?1523 convex?a1560 convexed1578 bias1609 out-bowed1613 outbent1625 full1627 outbowing1657 gibbose1682 rounded1712 bulging1812 pot-bellied1814 balloony1861 bombed1872 bombous1878 1712 T. Parnell in Spectator No. 460. ⁋6 The Top of the Building being rounded, bore so far the Resemblance of a Bubble. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vii. 349 Where the buckler was beneath Rounded, the falchion struck. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey I. 19 These tents were circular in form, and rounded towards the top. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xix. 337 The rounded surface of the earth. 1958 W. E. Swinton Fossil Amphibians & Reptiles (ed. 2) viii. 48 Tortoises, often of large size, and generally typified by a rounded or vaulted carapace, are known from the early Tertiary onwards. 1995 L. Hogan Solar Storms (1997) 69 It was a thick-walled house with a rounded ceiling, domelike, made of lodgepole pines. c. Of hills, mountains, etc.: having a dome-like form; curving. ΚΠ 1795 Med. Commentaries for 1794 Decade 2nd 10 vii. 83 The gentle slopes of the rounded hills. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 30 The mountains..are rounded in shape. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxviii. 229 At another time, you travel over rounded dunes of old seasoned hummock. 1916 Emu 16 157 Some of the more rounded hills were covered in porcupine-bush. 1979 Backpacker Dec. 28/1 This is a land of rolling, tree-topped hills and wide, rounded valleys. 2009 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 18 Jan. (Herald-Times ed.) d11/3 A region of high rounded hills and picturesque valleys. d. Of a person or a person's figure: plump or curvaceous. Also with modifying adverb. ΚΠ 1807 A. M. Porter Hungarian Brothers III. vii. 223 As to the figure, on which I know you prided yourself,—your neck, your arms, your finely-rounded shape,—it's all vanished. 1896 Cosmopolis May 306 Anthony was a comfortably rounded man, respectably angular in feature, profoundly commonplace. 1922 J. M. Hudson Marne xxiv. 321 On the left is the graceful, rounded form of a beautiful woman, a naiad—the Marne. 1977 Iowa Rev. 8 110 She sees that one of the rounded women is already seated at the bar. 1993 F. Collymore RSVP to Mrs Bush-Hall 128 She was dressed in a white satin gown that displayed her rounded figure perhaps a little too bumpily, but Lucas, arriving at the very last moment, had approved. e. Of a dry measure: curving, intermediate between level and heaped; moderately generous. ΚΠ 1826 Franklin Jrnl. 1 279 As coals are sold by what is termed ‘rounded measure’, or partially heaped, it became necessary to ascertain the cubical content of a body of coal thus measured. 1867 Illustr. Ann. Reg. Rural Affairs 331 A rounded teaspoonful is a full dose. 1910 Table Talk June 335/1 A level cupful of granulated sugar weighs seven ounces, a rounded cupful is eight ounces. 1965 Observer 28 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 34/1 One could be pedantic and write back: I mean ‘a rounded tablespoon’ unless you want a thinner soup, sauce or stew, in which case I mean ‘a level tablespoon’. 2002 S. K. Nissenberg Everything Kids' Cookbk. i. 8/2 Unless the recipe says to use a ‘rounded’ measure, make sure to fill the cup or spoon evenly to the top. a. Of a person: tonsured; having shaven or closely cropped hair. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [adjective] > cut short shornc1050 polleda1325 ydoddeda1400 rounded?a1439 nottedc1440 gallows-rounded1567 stubbed1627 well-cropped1805 well-shaven1842 bobbed1918 Eton-cropped1925 crew-cropped1938 crew cut1940 urchin cut1951 the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > people with styles of hair > [adjective] > cut or shaved nottOE shavenc1330 rounded?a1439 clipped1483 poll-shorn1556 notched1597 nott-pated1598 well-shaved1600 shaveling1607 nott-headed1612 cropped-eared1641 round-headed1641 polled1653 crop-eared1680 lop-eared1798 shaved1837 crop-headed1842 county-cropped1849 cropped1856 colled1877 crop-haired1879 prison-cropped1882 bob-haired1923 bobbed-haired1928 bobbed-hair1953 slap-headed1994 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. 969 Lik a bisshop Iroundid & Ishorn. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 263 (MED) The men of that londe be rowndede in the maner of a cercle [a1387 St. John's Cambr. beeþ i-schore aboute; L. circulariter tonduntur]. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 178/1 in Chron. I For he was rounded or shauen after the maner of the East Church. 1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) Tonsus homo, a man rounded, polled or notted. 1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 10 Long bushie haire was the signale mark of Maiestie,..when as all subiects were rounded, and the Kings only long haired. b. Of hair: closely cut or trimmed. Obsolete.Recorded earliest in gallows-rounded adj. at gallows n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 199 He wantis nocht bot a rowndit heid. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. F.7 What though one with face austere, with naked feete, and bayre, Should Cato counterfeate, and in his gallowes rounded hayre, Soould he be like to Catos self in life and vertue then? 3. a. Having a round end or edge; that has been made round by trimming or smoothing off the angles. Cf. rounded-off adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective] > rounded or not angular inangular1646 rounded1658 flowing1709 contoured1725 cornerless1793 bull-nose1858 globuloid1889 radiused1936 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 969 Many round pearls set at just distances, do make the outward'st rounded skirt of all the wings to be more graceful. 1682 Edinb. City Arch. (Moses Bundle 254) No. 7741 Rounded peices [sc. coins]. 1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 173 The Cup of these Flowers is a Basin of one single piece, divided into five rounded parts. 1768 B. Cuthbertson Syst. Compl. Managem. Battalion of Infantry xiii. 117 The Buckles..should have rounded corners, to prevent their hurting the Men's fingers. 1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 629 Those angular threads which are rounded at the top and bottom, and which are thence called rounded or round threads. 1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 72 The teeth on the under side of the wheel..should be rounded. 1920 Pop. Mech. Mag. Feb. 313/1 Two bars of steel..are rounded off along one edge and placed side by side in a vise so that the two rounded edges face each other. 1995 C. Podolak Easy Guide Sewing Jackets (1996) 39/1 Jackets with curved front edges demand rounded pockets. b. Of wood: cut into a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical form. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > made cylindrical rounded1742 1742 Acta Germanica I. 156 It is a piece of rounded wood which is held between the incisors. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 328/2 The village houses are all log-houses (mostly of rounded logs). 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 225 The ‘cap’..always of rounded and not of split timber like the lower bars. 1947 I. E. S. Edwards Pyramids of Egypt (1955) ii. 59 A flat stone roof, carved on the underside to imitate rounded logs of wood. 1998 B. Santich McLaren Vale Sea & Vines iv. 120 In one corner rounded timber shingles overlap like the petals of a flower. 4. Geology. Of rocks, stones, etc.: worn round and smooth by attrition. Cf. rolled adj. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > smoothed or rounded rounded1757 rolled1776 slickensided1875 1757 E. M. da Costa Nat. Hist. Fossils 151 The said stones seem only to be fragments..rolled by the waves till they were rounded. 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall vii. 77 A layer of sand..beneath which is a layer of rounded smooth stones, such as the beach of the sea affords. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 830 Portions of rounded gravel and organic remains. 1893 H. H. Howorth Glacial Nightmare I. 36 While rounded boulders occur on the mountains, unrounded ones occur in the river beds. 1960 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 71 508/2 Conglomerate implies a consolidated rock, with rounded fragments. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 189 A greensand containing rounded, shiny quartz pebbles set in a calcareous matrix. 5. Architecture. Of an arch, window, etc.: having a semicircular top. Also: belonging to or designating a style of architecture characterized by the use of semicircular arches. Cf. round-arched adj.Esp. with reference to Romanesque or Norman architecture. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles florida1706 massive1723 rounded1757 round-arched1782 castellar1789 baronial1807 rational1813 English colonial1817 massy1817 transitional1817 Scottish Baronial1829 rococo1830 flamboyant1832 Scotch Baronial1833 Churrigueresque1845 Russo-Byzantine1845 soaring1849 trenchant1849 vernacular1857 Scots Baronial1864 baroque1867 Perp.1867 rayonnant1873 Dutch colonial1876 Neo-Grec1878 rococoesque1885 Richardsonian1887 federal1894 organic1896 confectionery1897 European-style1907 postmodern1916 Lutyens1921 modern1927 moderne1928 functionalist1930 Williamsburg1931 Colonial Revival1934 packing case1935 Corbusian1936 lavatorial1936 pseudish1938 Adamesque1942 rationalist1952 Miesian1956 open-planned1958 Lutyensesque1961 façade1962 Odeon1964 high-tech1979 Populuxe1986 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [adjective] > types of arch schemed1715 rampant1725 surmounted1728 ox-eyed1736 round-headed1751 full-centred1756 rounded1757 shark-toothed1794 straight1812 spandrelled1813 keyed1822 full centre1837 ogival1841 ogived1845 subarcuated1849 bonnet-headed1850 ogeed1851 uncusped1859 voussoired1875 subordered1898 1757 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant (ed. 2) 264 This sepulchre..was built with square polished stones, in the fashion of a rounded arch, vault, or cupola. 1795 J. Aikin Descr. Country round Manch. ii. i. 274 On one side is a great pile with two rows of rounded windows. 1859 J. Ruskin Two Paths i. §33 The whole great French school of rounded architecture. 1885 E. Sanderson Outl. World's Hist. 365 The rounded arch of the Norman style..began to give place..to the pointed arch of..the Gothic architecture. 1950 W. Durant Age of Faith v. xxxii. 870 These were rebuilt before 1300, still in the rounded style. 1998 G. Alington Borderlands 44 A large rounded arch leads from the south transept to the adjoining chapels. 6. Of limbs: having a full, developed form; finely shaped. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [adjective] > rounded fullOE full-bodied1588 rounded1766 Rubenesque1815 Rubensesque1834 well-stacked1935 stacked1942 1766 tr. J.-F. Marmontel Moral Tales (ed. 2) I. 47 She then took the theorbo, an instrument favourable to the display of a rounded arm. 1796 Berkeley Hall; or, Pupil of Experience II. ii. 14 Her skin was shining as ebony, her teeth like alabaster, her limbs beautifully rounded. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Sea-fairies in Poems 148 The weary mariners..saw..Sweet faces, rounded arms, and bosoms prest To little harps of gold. 1863 M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Victory i. 3 The ankle so revealed was rounded and slender. 1919 H. A. Larsen tr. J. P. Jacobsen Niels Lyhne iii. 36 He bent over the milkwhite, gently rounded legs and the long, slender feet. 1992 E. Kraft Little Follies xi. 368 She first appeared..pushing the kitchen door open with a beautifully rounded hip. 2005 Daily Tel. 3 Mar. 18/4 As the sylph, Kerry Biggin, with her rounded limbs and schoolgirl face, looked perfect. 7. Of an animal or person: curled up. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [adjective] > disposed in or forming (a) coil(s) twinedc1300 wounda1382 wreathenc1400 wrinkledc1403 wreathedc1425 whorlish1562 folded1570 writhen1584 upwound1590 entortilled1629 coiled1661 whirled1715 whirl-shaped1762 crinkum-crankum1766 convoluted1811 gyrated1822 rounded1845 vorticiform1849 looped1850 vorticose1870 convolute1874 gyrate1876 swirled1909 snake-spiral1922 1845 S. Judd Margaret i. xvii. 159 Bull, the dog, lies rounded on the hearth, his nose between his paws, fast asleep. 1999 S. J. Naslund Disobedience of Water 96 Their knees were pulled up and they lay rounded and natural. II. Designating a state or quality. 8. Of a sentence, phrase, etc.: neatly finished; elegantly expressed; well-turned. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [adjective] > neat > neatly rounded (of period) rounded1719 well-rounded1764 1719 A. Philips in Free-thinker 16 Jan. (No. 86) 2 How flat and insipid are the Laboured Writings of some Men of Skill... who..can never, with all their Rounded Periods, interest the Affections of their Readers. 1772 Town & Country Mag. 99 To introduce a rounded period or a smart antithesis. 1850 Blackwood's Edind. Mag. Apr. 442/2 A carefully rounded phrase intended for the ear of royalty. 1898 G. W. E. Russell Coll. & Recoll. xii. 161 An inexhaustible supply of sonorous phrases and rounded periods. 1937 B. E. C. Dugdale A. J. Balfour ii. 19 The speech took more out of its author than did the composition of these rounded sentences. 1986 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Jan. g17/1 Most of the characters speak in rounded periods, often with a touch of malicious wit. 2001 G. Indiana Depraved Indifference (2003) 122 The things he'd practiced telling her in nice rounded sentences full of vocabulary reached her as the oppressive gibberish of an implacable child. 9. Brought to a complete, finished, or perfect state; well-balanced, varied. Also (of a fictional character): fully realized; lifelike. Cf. well-rounded adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] fulleOE plenara1325 perfectc1350 completec1380 heala1399 plenary?a1425 absolute1531 explete1534 well-accomplished1568 quit1583 orbeda1657 orbicular1673 saturate1682 rounded1746 broad-blown1855 plene1867 choate1878 ten tenth1948 1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. vi. 60 A thousand Talents be the rounded Sum, You first design'd. 1808 W. Scott Let. 2 Nov. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1838) I. 351 They have begun in a truly manly and rounded manner. 1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 258 Hummel was seated at Mozart's piano, and..made such progress as to delight every one with his smooth, brilliant, and rounded execution. 1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. xii. 421 His seemed a perfectly rounded life. 1955 W. D. Sievers Freud on Broadway x. 271 His ability to draw identifiable and rounded characters with racy, charged dialogue. 1977 Irish Press 29 Sept. 11/6 Father Jim Forristal..agreed wholeheartedly with the sisters in the concentration on providing a rounded education, rather than responding unduly to exam pressures. 2006 K. Cregan Sociol. of Body ii. 47 In harmony and balance, you have a rounded personality, rude health and a happy mind. 10. a. Of the voice, sound, etc.: sonorous; mellow; harmonious. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > pleasant > mellow rounded1783 round1795 1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric II. xxxiii. 219 A modulation of voice more rounded, and bordering more upon music, than conversation admits. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 11 The sound was..sometimes broken into rounded explosions. 1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xiii. 259 The voice was fuller and more rounded, because the man knew he was speaking of his best work. 1959 R. Winston & C. Winston tr. E. Schenk Mozart & his Times iii. 200 He also has a very fine rounded tone. 2008 Guardian 7 Mar. (Film & Music section) 14/2 The Manjaco and Balanta, with their rounded, lilting rhythms. b. Phonetics. Of vowels: affected by labialization. Cf. labial adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adjective] > types of openeOE sharp?1533 simple1582 small1599 soft1625 obscurea1637 round1710 slender1755 close1760 wide1824 lowered1836 narrow1844 labialized1856 orinasal1856 central1857 reduced1861 free1864 high1867 low1867 mid1867 mixed1867 rounded1867 unrounded1871 raised1876 unreduced1894 obscured1897 spread1902 lax1909 slack1909 tense1909 centralized1926 flat1934 r-coloured1935 checked1943 1867 A. M. Bell Visible Speech: Sci. Universal Alphabetics 76 The ‘rounded’ vowels are called ‘High-Back Round’.., ‘High-Back Wide Round’ [etc.]. 1890 H. Sweet Primer of Phonetics 24 Pairs of rounded and unrounded vowels are often formed with slightly divergent tongue-positions. 1953 J. B. Carroll Study of Lang. ii. 34 These distinctive features [of the phoneme] consist of binary, two-valued oppositions or contrasts, such as voiced/unvoiced, high/low, rounded/unrounded. 1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 309 Rounded sounds are produced with a narrowing of the lip orifice. 1993 IRAL 31 40 A non-labial segment in the onset is labialized when followed by a rounded vowel in the nucleus. 11. Of a number: approximated by rounding; expressed in fewer significant figures. Cf. rounded-off adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > describing particular qualities > approximate rounded1881 rounded-off1890 1881 Occas. Papers (Royal Engineer Inst.) 5 194 A total of 328 is obtained, which does not differ greatly from Todleben's obviously ‘rounded’ number. 1912 J. W. Mellor Mod. Inorg. Chem. iv. 64 Some chemists..firmly believe that the rounded numbers are the best representative values of the atomic weights. 1956 G. A. Montgomerie Digital Calculating Machines vii. 129 A convenient rule to ensure this is to make the rounded digit even rather than odd in case of doubt. 1973 G. M. Phillips & P. J. Taylor Theory & Applic. Numerical Anal. 359 We can avoid statistical bias by forcing the last digit in the rounded number to be even. 2009 Times (Nexis) 12 Sept. 92 100 per cent is a rounded figure from 99.6 per cent. Compounds With adverbs. See also rounded-off adj. rounded-in adj. rare that has been rounded in; closed, self-contained. ΚΠ 1911 W. James Some Probl. Philos. vi. 99 Rationalistic philosophy has always aspired to a rounded-in view of the whole of things, a closed system of kinds. Derivatives ˈroundedly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] fullyeOE allesOE fullOE rightc1175 everydealc1300 wholec1300 whollya1325 finelyc1330 fairly1340 completec1374 gainlya1375 clearly1377 freelya1393 plaina1393 entire?a1400 entirelyc1400 oddlyc1400 sufficientlyc1440 expressc1475 totally1509 completely1526 finec1530 exactly?1531 sincerely1576 start1599 fillingly1611 circularly1618 solid1651 out-over1745 rotundly1775 roundedly?1802 whole hog1840 clear-away1883 whole cloth1917 righteous1948 ?1802–3 H. C. Andrews Botanist's Repository IV. Pl. CCLXXXI Seeds many, roundedly-angular. 1878 T. Sinclair Mount 81 [It] made Milton's work indefinite and grandiose instead of simply freely roundedly grand. 1923 Psyche Feb. 6 The ultimate segment..almost as broad at the roundedly truncate apex as at the base. 2003 I. Banks Raw Spirit (2004) iv. 69 Jura's a steeply, roundedly mountainous, deeply rugged island. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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