rudelyadv.

Brit.

/ˈruːdli/, U.S.

/ˈrudli/

Forms: see rude adj. and adv. and -ly suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rude adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < rude adj. + -ly suffix². Compare Middle Dutch rūdelīke, and also Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French rudement (1213 in Old French).

1. With a harsh or discordant sound. Frequently with roar.Now usually with admixture of sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adverb]

rudelya1375

untunably1504

hoarselya1529

jarringly1583

harshly1599

unmusically1609

disharmoniously1664

hoarse1709

unmelodiously1739

unharmoniously1783

raucously1852

raggedly1854

dissonously1866

uneuphoniously1882

untunefully1884

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3270 (MED) Þe cry rudli a-ros þat reuþe it was to hure.

c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 341 (MED) Þo þat roþly cherl ruydely rored.

c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 11233 (MED) Full rudly þen þei rope and rare on þer mawment to mend þer mode.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 237 The raynke Rycharde..threste hym thorow the shylde evyn to the herte. Than he rored full rudely, but rose he nevermore.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 215 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 101 The ravyne Rolpand rudly in a roche ran.

1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 4128 My sone..for me will rudelie rair, Fra tyme he se me hangit.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxvi. 38 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 76 Swelling streames did rudely roare.

1647 J. Hackluyt Alarm for London sig. A^v Nor think him for, who now so rudely roares, And beats Alarums at thy tainted doores.

1764 J. Wilson Earl Douglas (rev. ed.) iv. i. 47 Ev'n at this gate they rudely roar'd aloud, God bless the brave, the gen'rous, noble Douglases.

1773 J. Maxwell New Version Whole Bk. Psalms in Metre lxxiv. 179 Where once thy people pray'd and sang, Now rebels rudely roar.

1810 ‘A Seaman’ Love & War i. 9 Many an infant storm..rudely roaring, echoes through her caves.

1890 S. Osgood Lett. Home II. 53 There was a wagon in the road ahead, without sufficient room to pass us, whilst the river roared rudely at us from the ravine below.

1949 F. Towers Tea with Mr. Rochester (1952) 25 No sooner was one's head on the pillow..than the rising-bell clanged rudely and noisily in the corridors.

2002 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 20 Nov. 5 My furred friend shakes to the bone during ear-splitting thunderstorms, growls rudely at me and barks at things that go bump in the night.

2. With great force or violence; violently, roughly. Sometimes with the implication of suddenness or unexpectedness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adverb] > with violence or force > extremely violently or forcibly

heavilyc897

spackly?c1335

rudelya1400

biglyc1400

thunderingly1680

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 22151 (MED) Thonir on loft fall sal he gere..þe watris for to rin on baft, þe wind to do rudli [Vesp. rughli] to rise.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 794 (MED) The bere..rawmpyde so ruydly that all þe erthe ryfez.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 247 Rudely fra him he reft it.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 349 That..swa ruydly gan samyn ryd That speris at to-fruschyt war.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxi. 242 He rose vp then sodeynly so rudely that he ouerthrewe cuppes and dysshes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A6^v Soone as their Parent deare They saw so rudely falling to the ground.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 143 Whether to knocke against the Gates of Rome, Or rudely visit them in parts remote.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 325 They use them but rudely, and beat them till they cry like children.

1723 J. Dart Westmonasterium I. 86 Chaucer..would never have fallen so rudely foul on the whole Order.

1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 92 Oft in the saddle rudely rocked to sleep.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ix. 120 And wilt thou rudely tear them from thy breast?

1864 J. H. Newman Apologia iii. 72 I was rudely awakened from my dream..by two great blows—illness and bereavement.

1923 T. S. Eliot Waste Land iii. 15 Twit twit twit Jug jug jug jug jug So rudely forc'd. Tereu.

1973 P. Arnold & C. Davis Hamlyn Bk. World Soccer 95/1 Lofthouse scored twice, one goal coming when he rudely but fairly shoulder-charged goalkeeper Gregg into the net.

2003 A. Swofford Jarhead 232 Only to be rudely awakened and shocked by this last call of Gas gas gas!

3. In an uncultured, uncivil, discourteous, or unmannerly fashion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adverb]

unhendlya1225

uncourteously1338

rudelyc1405

rudec1460

roidlyc1480

homely1563

discourteously1572

uncivilly1577

indiscreetly1637

unhandsomely1662

incivilly1671

unpolitely1695

impolitely1736

incourteously1859

the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adverb] > in unworkmanlike manner > with rough workmanship

rudely?1507

homely1549

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 734 He moot reherce..Euerich a word..Al speke he neuer so rudeliche [v.rr. rewedely, rewdely] and large.

c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 298 (MED) They caste wafull wordes agaynes goddes wordes for to defende þame and..sayse wrange opynly and ruydely with-owttene drede.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 24 (MED) Redi me thouhte hire to chide..toward grace dieu she wente and rudeliche [Fr. rudement] spak.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ix. 755 Sen þow spekys sa rudly [1487 St. John's Cambr. ryaly], It is gret skyll men chasty þai proud wordis.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 53 Sum raiffis furght rudly with riatus speche.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 332 These people came to her Chayre, and dealt rudely with her, whereof the good Lady was in great doubt.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 203 Vio. My words are as full of peace, as matter. Ol. Yet you began rudely .

1669 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 451 I never saw anything in my life done so rudely and so uncivilly.

a1704 T. Brown Bantering Declam. in Wks. (1707) I. i. 61 It seems you had never very good Breeding thus to laugh at my Ingenuity, and sport so rudely with my Wit.

1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 158 To win no praise when well-wrought plans prevail, But to be rudely censur'd when they fail.

1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London II. xi. 240 I imagined he stared very rudely at lady Beauchamp.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 198 There is no reason why we should rudely quarrel with one another.

1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim xl. 351 The Rajah's youths jostled them rudely.

1944 D. Cooper Diary 2 June (2005) 307 I spoke to him very frankly and at times rather rudely, but he took it all in very good part.

2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxix. 431 She..would often rudely cut in front of them in the aisles, registering her obvious disdain by means of subtle shoving and cold, envenoming stares.

4. Without refinement or elegance; coarsely, rustically.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adverb]

rudelyc1405

inurbanely1610

wildlya1616

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adverb] > unmannerly > roughly or with lack of refinement

homelyc1390

rudelyc1405

greata1425

swinishly1542

clubbishly1548

carterly1556

homelily1556

brutishly1580

loutishly1580

boorishly1605

brutely1605

inurbanely1610

mechanically1613

porterly1659

coarsely1678

coarse1680

brutally1824

vulgarly1831

crudely1881

cubbishly1883

yobbishly1984

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 380 Hir herys han they kembd that laye vntressed Ful rudely [v.r. rwdely].

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. vi Better is to lyue surely and rudely in sewrte than swetely in peryll & daunger.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 7 We may not therfor..dryve man to the woodys agayne & wyld forestys wherin he lyvyd at the fyrst begynnyng rudely.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 46 If yow be borne or brought vp in a rude contrie, ye shall not chose but speake rudelie.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 178 These Citizens [of Bergamo] speake the Italian tongue, but more rudely then any other of Italy.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. iii. 70 Lest they should speak too rudely and rustically of it by calling it Matter.

1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 59 As to their way of living, it's very rudely and rovingly.

1777 R. E. Raspe tr. I. von Born Trav. Bannat of Temeswar iii. 14 Their language, which in greater Wallachia..is spoken very rudely, but in Transsylvania..has the reputation to be spoken very elegantly, is a corrupt Latin.

1830 Monthly Repos. June 26 Imagine yourselves the rudely dressed and ungainly boy wending his way, homeless, and penniless, through the streets of Philadelphia.

1890 M. Oliphant Royal Edinb. ii. iv. 181 Stirling, already so richly if rudely decorated in the previous reign.

1944 V. D'Albert-Lake Jrnl. June–Aug. in J. B. Litoff Amer. Heroine in French Resistance (2006) 135 Her copious figure rudely dressed in a coarse black working smock.

2005 Wine Internat. Jan. 17/3 It's just what basic Beaujolais should be: rudely fruity..with a refreshing juicy finish.

a. With rough or unskilful workmanship.

ΚΠ

?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) l. 2603 (MED) Tre nayles war made full tyte..þai war full gret and rudely wroght.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 16 I that am rudely stampt and want loues maiesty.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 312 A fort compassed about with a banke rudely cast up.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xvii. 434 They haue..many idols rudely carved.

1699 S. Dunstar Anglia Rediviva 98 Bala, a little Town endowed with several Immunities, Peopled with few Inhabitants, and very rudely Built.

1740 W. Stukeley Stonehenge x. 44 This urn..had been rudely wrought with small mouldings round the verge.

1778 W. Hutchinson View Northumberland I. 141 A centurial stone..with a civic garland rudely sculptured, and a figure of the Roman Eagle.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 31 Their hoar trunks bared, And by the hatchet rudely squared.

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful III. iv. 53 There was a bridge, rudely constructed of old ship plank.

1868 A. Helps Realmah I. v. 98 The insignia consisted of a coronet rudely formed of dark polished stones and feathers.

1904 E. Glasgow Deliverance ii. ix. 214 Will..came to the open door of the rudely built stable.

1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 56 This inscription, cut rudely with a sharp style or pointed instrument.

2007 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Virginia) (Nexis) 8 Dec. b8 At that time, Washington, D.C., was little more than a rudely constructed hamlet.

b. In an unskilful or imperfect manner; roughly, clumsily.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adverb] > clumsily or awkwardly

unhagherlyc1175

unslyly?a1400

roughc1400

unslya1425

rudelyc1425

unhandsomely1545

grosslyc1550

untowardly?1550

botcherly?1566

bungerly1574

lubberlike1575

lumpishly1583

clouterly1593

lubberly1594

foggily1599

awkly1603

unwieldilyc1610

cumbersomely1611

uneasily1611

sinisterly1628

left-handedly1648

ungainlya1661

awkwardly1663

clumsily1691

uncleverly1697

wrong1727

unwieldly1793

gawkily1811

maladroitly1827

undexterously1848

flat-footedly1886

ham-fistedly1964

ham-handedly1964

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) 878/61 (MED) Now, þou..Lowly I praie..Disdeyne nat benyng[e]ly to se Vp-on þis boke rudly made by me.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 420 I dwellyd neuere wyth the fresh rethoryens, Gower, Chauncers..Haue excusyd thow I do rudly.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 663 This litel schort dyte, Rudely compyled, lat it be noon offence.

c1480 (a1400) Prol. 80 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 3 Of his modire syne sad I sume thing, þo It be rudly.

a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 249 The hollie bischope..quho was not ane goode scollar..begane rudlie in Scottis fassieoun in this maner sayand ‘Benedicite’.

c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 18 Reject me nocht althought I rin arreir Be rymeing rudlie.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. x. 23 The Stomach Nerves embracing this Orifice, rudely expressed.

1695 J. Dryden in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica Pref. p. xi In this manner as I have rudely and briefly shewn you, Painters and Sculptors..perfectionate the Idea.

1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 336 You will see [them] rudely delineated in the relievo that time has yet spared.

1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall xvii. 144 We heard the sound of a fiddle rudely played.

1847 W. C. L. Martin Ox 57/1 In former times, when agriculture was practised rudely.

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind v. 83 The place which they can only fill very partially and rudely.

1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes xiii. 160 And so he learned to shave—rudely and painfully, it is true—but, nevertheless, effectively.

1956 R. Pascal German Novel ii. v. 132 Gotthelf rudely polemised against the romantic delight in picturesque scenes of nature.

2003 N. Rush Mortals xxxii. 492 A hand reached in and deposited..Morel's shoes, thick-soled high-quarter shoes, laceless but cleaned up, rudely polished even.

c. With rough or approximate accuracy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [adverb] > roughly or rudely

rawlyc1454

rowly1562

roughly1565

rudely1658

1658 J. Collins Descr. & Uses General Quadrant 14 in Sector on Quadrant When the Moon is 8 days old..her rising or setting may be rudely guessed at to be six houres more or less before her being South.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. vi. 202 The total amount..can only be rudely guessed at.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xliii. 401 A hummock hill..gave me an opportunity of measuring rudely the height of the swell.

1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) i. 3 Means of estimating, however rudely, the lapse of years.

1893 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 827 This rudely triangular region is bounded by the ocean, Delaware Bay and River, and the rich farm lands on the outcrops of the marl-beds.

1902 G. W. James Indian Basketry iv. 41 Color splints are so arranged in lines radiating from a common centre, and divided by cross lines, as rudely to imitate the spider's web.

1965 Amer. Speech 40 257 Dog, a wooden utensil, rudely shaped like a dog, used for toasting bread.

2007 N.Y. Sun (Nexis) 6 June 16 A makeshift community Gypsy brass band rudely approximating a salsa beat.

a. In a rugged or irregular manner or form. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adverb]

rudely1602

raggedly1691

jaggedly1698

unevenly1839

ruggedly1895

1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida v. sig. H4^v When men..forsake taking of Tobacco, and cease to weare their beardes so rudely long.

1694 tr. F. Martens Voy. Spitzbergen 23 in Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. The other Rocks look rudely.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 4 The only Science of Mankind is Man... A Being darkly wise, and rudely great.

1793 W. Hodges Trav. India 85 This is the last of a long range of mountains, which, at this place, rudely decline to the plain.

1843 J. E. Portlock Rep. Geol. Londonderry 511 The beds still retain, though rudely, their lamination.

1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 11 Pass the narrow Ross, far-stretching Where the rough and ruddy rocks Rudely rise in jumbled hummocks Of primeval granite blocks.

2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 125 He'd fashion frighteningly realistic severed thumbs—skin rudely shredded at one end, bone fragments made from leek white projecting from the wound.

b. Without definite order; irregularly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > [adverb]

confusedly1553

irregularly1595

oddly1597

rudely1656

eccentrically1678

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 72 When matter was put into those figures by God, first it was moved rudely without order.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. 68 I cannot as yet perswade my self, that all things are done rudely and mechanically in the Body.

1689 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies i. 361/1 The smallest Particles of the Blood..should be mingl'd exactly into one Mass, which Mixture he [sc. Malpigius] supposes to be but rudely order'd in the Right Ventricle of the Heart.

1754 London Mag. Oct. 496/2 The rocks which surround it..consist of a little earth, and a great quantity of craggy ruins. which..are rudely piled upon each other.

1801 J. Thelwall Poems 162 The wrecks Of prostrate palaces, now rudely heap'd, Without cement, or order.

1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) II. 30 Their nest..is most inartistically constructed of sticks, which are thrown apparently at random, and rudely arranged for the purpose of containing the eggs and young.

a1896 A. McLachlan Poet. Wks. (1900) 189 I have felt in deserts wild,..Among the rocks all rudely piled, Thy presence and thy power.

1919 H. Head Destroyers 76 Deep within me springs a fountain, Leaping upward to the sunlight, At the sport of little breezes Rudely scattered.

1991 Washington Times (Nexis) 21 Nov. m22 The stacked and bound trees, the stripped, skeletal branches rudely piled up.

1996 B. Smith & Y. Yamamoto Beautiful Necessity (2004) iii. 59/2 They will not rise rudely above the sod as though shot from beneath by a catapult.

Compounds

Forming adjectives (frequently hyphenated) with participles, as rudely blustering, rudely carved, rudely chiselled, rudely molten, etc.

ΚΠ

1619 P. Hannay Two Elegies ii. sig. C4^v The Brewer in his cart, The Sculler, Carman, and..rudely caru'd clownes.

1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xx. cccvi. 314 She saw her rudely-blustering servants, who Disturb'd her Region, in one Calm united.

1780 H. Croft Love & Madness xxvii. 58 Who dar'd your rudely painted limbs oppose To steel of Chalybs, and to Roman foes.

1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 339/1 The rudely-chiselled forms of several colossal figures.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby vi. 45 With overhanging gables and balconies of rudely-carved oak.

1848 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad 441 Then the son of Peleus deposited a rudely-molten mass of iron.

1868 L. H. Morgan Amer. Beaver & his Wks. iii. 103 On the upper margin..small sticks were used, together with loam, intermixed with fine roots, for the purpose of arresting the 'flow of the water through the rudely-arranged materials of the dam.

1910 L. Hearn Glimpses Unfamiliar Japan 2nd Ser. i. 15 In one place I see a stone with an English name upon it, and above that name a rudely chiselled cross.

1928 J. A. Hammerton Mem. Bks. & Places vi. 110 As it sits there, in the midst of a rudely ordered graveyard, the church is certainly a pleasant sight.

1969 G. L. Remnant Catal. Misericords in Great Brit. 50 Rudely carved figure of a man and a donkey embracing.

2000 J. S. Graham Puritan Family Life iv. 87 It is equally likely that many rudely made children's chairs also landed on the woodpile.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rudely
释义	rudelyadv. Brit. /ˈruːdli/, U.S. /ˈrudli/ Forms: see rude adj. and adv. and -ly suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rude adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < rude adj. + -ly suffix². Compare Middle Dutch rūdelīke, and also Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French rudement (1213 in Old French). 1. With a harsh or discordant sound. Frequently with roar.Now usually with admixture of sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adverb] rudelya1375 untunably1504 hoarselya1529 jarringly1583 harshly1599 unmusically1609 disharmoniously1664 hoarse1709 unmelodiously1739 unharmoniously1783 raucously1852 raggedly1854 dissonously1866 uneuphoniously1882 untunefully1884 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3270 (MED) Þe cry rudli a-ros þat reuþe it was to hure. c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 341 (MED) Þo þat roþly cherl ruydely rored. c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 11233 (MED) Full rudly þen þei rope and rare on þer mawment to mend þer mode. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 237 The raynke Rycharde..threste hym thorow the shylde evyn to the herte. Than he rored full rudely, but rose he nevermore. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 215 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 101 The ravyne Rolpand rudly in a roche ran. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 4128 My sone..for me will rudelie rair, Fra tyme he se me hangit. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxvi. 38 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 76 Swelling streames did rudely roare. 1647 J. Hackluyt Alarm for London sig. A^v Nor think him for, who now so rudely roares, And beats Alarums at thy tainted doores. 1764 J. Wilson Earl Douglas (rev. ed.) iv. i. 47 Ev'n at this gate they rudely roar'd aloud, God bless the brave, the gen'rous, noble Douglases. 1773 J. Maxwell New Version Whole Bk. Psalms in Metre lxxiv. 179 Where once thy people pray'd and sang, Now rebels rudely roar. 1810 ‘A Seaman’ Love & War i. 9 Many an infant storm..rudely roaring, echoes through her caves. 1890 S. Osgood Lett. Home II. 53 There was a wagon in the road ahead, without sufficient room to pass us, whilst the river roared rudely at us from the ravine below. 1949 F. Towers Tea with Mr. Rochester (1952) 25 No sooner was one's head on the pillow..than the rising-bell clanged rudely and noisily in the corridors. 2002 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 20 Nov. 5 My furred friend shakes to the bone during ear-splitting thunderstorms, growls rudely at me and barks at things that go bump in the night. 2. With great force or violence; violently, roughly. Sometimes with the implication of suddenness or unexpectedness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adverb] > with violence or force > extremely violently or forcibly heavilyc897 spackly?c1335 rudelya1400 biglyc1400 thunderingly1680 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 22151 (MED) Thonir on loft fall sal he gere..þe watris for to rin on baft, þe wind to do rudli [Vesp. rughli] to rise. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 794 (MED) The bere..rawmpyde so ruydly that all þe erthe ryfez. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 247 Rudely fra him he reft it. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 349 That..swa ruydly gan samyn ryd That speris at to-fruschyt war. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxi. 242 He rose vp then sodeynly so rudely that he ouerthrewe cuppes and dysshes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A6^v Soone as their Parent deare They saw so rudely falling to the ground. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 143 Whether to knocke against the Gates of Rome, Or rudely visit them in parts remote. View more context for this quotation 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 325 They use them but rudely, and beat them till they cry like children. 1723 J. Dart Westmonasterium I. 86 Chaucer..would never have fallen so rudely foul on the whole Order. 1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 92 Oft in the saddle rudely rocked to sleep. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ix. 120 And wilt thou rudely tear them from thy breast? 1864 J. H. Newman Apologia iii. 72 I was rudely awakened from my dream..by two great blows—illness and bereavement. 1923 T. S. Eliot Waste Land iii. 15 Twit twit twit Jug jug jug jug jug So rudely forc'd. Tereu. 1973 P. Arnold & C. Davis Hamlyn Bk. World Soccer 95/1 Lofthouse scored twice, one goal coming when he rudely but fairly shoulder-charged goalkeeper Gregg into the net. 2003 A. Swofford Jarhead 232 Only to be rudely awakened and shocked by this last call of Gas gas gas! 3. In an uncultured, uncivil, discourteous, or unmannerly fashion. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adverb] unhendlya1225 uncourteously1338 rudelyc1405 rudec1460 roidlyc1480 homely1563 discourteously1572 uncivilly1577 indiscreetly1637 unhandsomely1662 incivilly1671 unpolitely1695 impolitely1736 incourteously1859 the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adverb] > in unworkmanlike manner > with rough workmanship rudely?1507 homely1549 c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 734 He moot reherce..Euerich a word..Al speke he neuer so rudeliche [v.rr. rewedely, rewdely] and large. c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 298 (MED) They caste wafull wordes agaynes goddes wordes for to defende þame and..sayse wrange opynly and ruydely with-owttene drede. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 24 (MED) Redi me thouhte hire to chide..toward grace dieu she wente and rudeliche [Fr. rudement] spak. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ix. 755 Sen þow spekys sa rudly [1487 St. John's Cambr. ryaly], It is gret skyll men chasty þai proud wordis. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 53 Sum raiffis furght rudly with riatus speche. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 332 These people came to her Chayre, and dealt rudely with her, whereof the good Lady was in great doubt. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 203 Vio. My words are as full of peace, as matter. Ol. Yet you began rudely . View more context for this quotation 1669 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 451 I never saw anything in my life done so rudely and so uncivilly. a1704 T. Brown Bantering Declam. in Wks. (1707) I. i. 61 It seems you had never very good Breeding thus to laugh at my Ingenuity, and sport so rudely with my Wit. 1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 158 To win no praise when well-wrought plans prevail, But to be rudely censur'd when they fail. 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London II. xi. 240 I imagined he stared very rudely at lady Beauchamp. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 198 There is no reason why we should rudely quarrel with one another. 1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim xl. 351 The Rajah's youths jostled them rudely. 1944 D. Cooper Diary 2 June (2005) 307 I spoke to him very frankly and at times rather rudely, but he took it all in very good part. 2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxix. 431 She..would often rudely cut in front of them in the aisles, registering her obvious disdain by means of subtle shoving and cold, envenoming stares. 4. Without refinement or elegance; coarsely, rustically. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adverb] rudelyc1405 inurbanely1610 wildlya1616 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adverb] > unmannerly > roughly or with lack of refinement homelyc1390 rudelyc1405 greata1425 swinishly1542 clubbishly1548 carterly1556 homelily1556 brutishly1580 loutishly1580 boorishly1605 brutely1605 inurbanely1610 mechanically1613 porterly1659 coarsely1678 coarse1680 brutally1824 vulgarly1831 crudely1881 cubbishly1883 yobbishly1984 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 380 Hir herys han they kembd that laye vntressed Ful rudely [v.r. rwdely]. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. vi Better is to lyue surely and rudely in sewrte than swetely in peryll & daunger. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 7 We may not therfor..dryve man to the woodys agayne & wyld forestys wherin he lyvyd at the fyrst begynnyng rudely. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 46 If yow be borne or brought vp in a rude contrie, ye shall not chose but speake rudelie. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 178 These Citizens [of Bergamo] speake the Italian tongue, but more rudely then any other of Italy. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. iii. 70 Lest they should speak too rudely and rustically of it by calling it Matter. 1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 59 As to their way of living, it's very rudely and rovingly. 1777 R. E. Raspe tr. I. von Born Trav. Bannat of Temeswar iii. 14 Their language, which in greater Wallachia..is spoken very rudely, but in Transsylvania..has the reputation to be spoken very elegantly, is a corrupt Latin. 1830 Monthly Repos. June 26 Imagine yourselves the rudely dressed and ungainly boy wending his way, homeless, and penniless, through the streets of Philadelphia. 1890 M. Oliphant Royal Edinb. ii. iv. 181 Stirling, already so richly if rudely decorated in the previous reign. 1944 V. D'Albert-Lake Jrnl. June–Aug. in J. B. Litoff Amer. Heroine in French Resistance (2006) 135 Her copious figure rudely dressed in a coarse black working smock. 2005 Wine Internat. Jan. 17/3 It's just what basic Beaujolais should be: rudely fruity..with a refreshing juicy finish. 5. a. With rough or unskilful workmanship. ΚΠ ?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) l. 2603 (MED) Tre nayles war made full tyte..þai war full gret and rudely wroght. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 16 I that am rudely stampt and want loues maiesty. View more context for this quotation 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 312 A fort compassed about with a banke rudely cast up. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xvii. 434 They haue..many idols rudely carved. 1699 S. Dunstar Anglia Rediviva 98 Bala, a little Town endowed with several Immunities, Peopled with few Inhabitants, and very rudely Built. 1740 W. Stukeley Stonehenge x. 44 This urn..had been rudely wrought with small mouldings round the verge. 1778 W. Hutchinson View Northumberland I. 141 A centurial stone..with a civic garland rudely sculptured, and a figure of the Roman Eagle. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 31 Their hoar trunks bared, And by the hatchet rudely squared. 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful III. iv. 53 There was a bridge, rudely constructed of old ship plank. 1868 A. Helps Realmah I. v. 98 The insignia consisted of a coronet rudely formed of dark polished stones and feathers. 1904 E. Glasgow Deliverance ii. ix. 214 Will..came to the open door of the rudely built stable. 1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 56 This inscription, cut rudely with a sharp style or pointed instrument. 2007 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Virginia) (Nexis) 8 Dec. b8 At that time, Washington, D.C., was little more than a rudely constructed hamlet. b. In an unskilful or imperfect manner; roughly, clumsily. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adverb] > clumsily or awkwardly unhagherlyc1175 unslyly?a1400 roughc1400 unslya1425 rudelyc1425 unhandsomely1545 grosslyc1550 untowardly?1550 botcherly?1566 bungerly1574 lubberlike1575 lumpishly1583 clouterly1593 lubberly1594 foggily1599 awkly1603 unwieldilyc1610 cumbersomely1611 uneasily1611 sinisterly1628 left-handedly1648 ungainlya1661 awkwardly1663 clumsily1691 uncleverly1697 wrong1727 unwieldly1793 gawkily1811 maladroitly1827 undexterously1848 flat-footedly1886 ham-fistedly1964 ham-handedly1964 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) 878/61 (MED) Now, þou..Lowly I praie..Disdeyne nat benyng[e]ly to se Vp-on þis boke rudly made by me. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 420 I dwellyd neuere wyth the fresh rethoryens, Gower, Chauncers..Haue excusyd thow I do rudly. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 663 This litel schort dyte, Rudely compyled, lat it be noon offence. c1480 (a1400) Prol. 80 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 3 Of his modire syne sad I sume thing, þo It be rudly. a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 249 The hollie bischope..quho was not ane goode scollar..begane rudlie in Scottis fassieoun in this maner sayand ‘Benedicite’. c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 18 Reject me nocht althought I rin arreir Be rymeing rudlie. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. x. 23 The Stomach Nerves embracing this Orifice, rudely expressed. 1695 J. Dryden in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica Pref. p. xi In this manner as I have rudely and briefly shewn you, Painters and Sculptors..perfectionate the Idea. 1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 336 You will see [them] rudely delineated in the relievo that time has yet spared. 1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall xvii. 144 We heard the sound of a fiddle rudely played. 1847 W. C. L. Martin Ox 57/1 In former times, when agriculture was practised rudely. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind v. 83 The place which they can only fill very partially and rudely. 1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes xiii. 160 And so he learned to shave—rudely and painfully, it is true—but, nevertheless, effectively. 1956 R. Pascal German Novel ii. v. 132 Gotthelf rudely polemised against the romantic delight in picturesque scenes of nature. 2003 N. Rush Mortals xxxii. 492 A hand reached in and deposited..Morel's shoes, thick-soled high-quarter shoes, laceless but cleaned up, rudely polished even. c. With rough or approximate accuracy. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [adverb] > roughly or rudely rawlyc1454 rowly1562 roughly1565 rudely1658 1658 J. Collins Descr. & Uses General Quadrant 14 in Sector on Quadrant When the Moon is 8 days old..her rising or setting may be rudely guessed at to be six houres more or less before her being South. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. vi. 202 The total amount..can only be rudely guessed at. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xliii. 401 A hummock hill..gave me an opportunity of measuring rudely the height of the swell. 1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) i. 3 Means of estimating, however rudely, the lapse of years. 1893 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 827 This rudely triangular region is bounded by the ocean, Delaware Bay and River, and the rich farm lands on the outcrops of the marl-beds. 1902 G. W. James Indian Basketry iv. 41 Color splints are so arranged in lines radiating from a common centre, and divided by cross lines, as rudely to imitate the spider's web. 1965 Amer. Speech 40 257 Dog, a wooden utensil, rudely shaped like a dog, used for toasting bread. 2007 N.Y. Sun (Nexis) 6 June 16 A makeshift community Gypsy brass band rudely approximating a salsa beat. 6. a. In a rugged or irregular manner or form. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adverb] rudely1602 raggedly1691 jaggedly1698 unevenly1839 ruggedly1895 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida v. sig. H4^v When men..forsake taking of Tobacco, and cease to weare their beardes so rudely long. 1694 tr. F. Martens Voy. Spitzbergen 23 in Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. The other Rocks look rudely. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 4 The only Science of Mankind is Man... A Being darkly wise, and rudely great. 1793 W. Hodges Trav. India 85 This is the last of a long range of mountains, which, at this place, rudely decline to the plain. 1843 J. E. Portlock Rep. Geol. Londonderry 511 The beds still retain, though rudely, their lamination. 1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 11 Pass the narrow Ross, far-stretching Where the rough and ruddy rocks Rudely rise in jumbled hummocks Of primeval granite blocks. 2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 125 He'd fashion frighteningly realistic severed thumbs—skin rudely shredded at one end, bone fragments made from leek white projecting from the wound. b. Without definite order; irregularly. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > [adverb] confusedly1553 irregularly1595 oddly1597 rudely1656 eccentrically1678 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 72 When matter was put into those figures by God, first it was moved rudely without order. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. 68 I cannot as yet perswade my self, that all things are done rudely and mechanically in the Body. 1689 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies i. 361/1 The smallest Particles of the Blood..should be mingl'd exactly into one Mass, which Mixture he [sc. Malpigius] supposes to be but rudely order'd in the Right Ventricle of the Heart. 1754 London Mag. Oct. 496/2 The rocks which surround it..consist of a little earth, and a great quantity of craggy ruins. which..are rudely piled upon each other. 1801 J. Thelwall Poems 162 The wrecks Of prostrate palaces, now rudely heap'd, Without cement, or order. 1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) II. 30 Their nest..is most inartistically constructed of sticks, which are thrown apparently at random, and rudely arranged for the purpose of containing the eggs and young. a1896 A. McLachlan Poet. Wks. (1900) 189 I have felt in deserts wild,..Among the rocks all rudely piled, Thy presence and thy power. 1919 H. Head Destroyers 76 Deep within me springs a fountain, Leaping upward to the sunlight, At the sport of little breezes Rudely scattered. 1991 Washington Times (Nexis) 21 Nov. m22 The stacked and bound trees, the stripped, skeletal branches rudely piled up. 1996 B. Smith & Y. Yamamoto Beautiful Necessity (2004) iii. 59/2 They will not rise rudely above the sod as though shot from beneath by a catapult. Compounds Forming adjectives (frequently hyphenated) with participles, as rudely blustering, rudely carved, rudely chiselled, rudely molten, etc. ΚΠ 1619 P. Hannay Two Elegies ii. sig. C4^v The Brewer in his cart, The Sculler, Carman, and..rudely caru'd clownes. 1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xx. cccvi. 314 She saw her rudely-blustering servants, who Disturb'd her Region, in one Calm united. 1780 H. Croft Love & Madness xxvii. 58 Who dar'd your rudely painted limbs oppose To steel of Chalybs, and to Roman foes. 1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 339/1 The rudely-chiselled forms of several colossal figures. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby vi. 45 With overhanging gables and balconies of rudely-carved oak. 1848 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad 441 Then the son of Peleus deposited a rudely-molten mass of iron. 1868 L. H. Morgan Amer. Beaver & his Wks. iii. 103 On the upper margin..small sticks were used, together with loam, intermixed with fine roots, for the purpose of arresting the 'flow of the water through the rudely-arranged materials of the dam. 1910 L. Hearn Glimpses Unfamiliar Japan 2nd Ser. i. 15 In one place I see a stone with an English name upon it, and above that name a rudely chiselled cross. 1928 J. A. Hammerton Mem. Bks. & Places vi. 110 As it sits there, in the midst of a rudely ordered graveyard, the church is certainly a pleasant sight. 1969 G. L. Remnant Catal. Misericords in Great Brit. 50 Rudely carved figure of a man and a donkey embracing. 2000 J. S. Graham Puritan Family Life iv. 87 It is equally likely that many rudely made children's chairs also landed on the woodpile. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.a1375
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