ruderaladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈruːd(ə)rəl/, U.S.

/ˈrudərəl/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ruderalis.

Etymology: < scientific Latin ruderalis (1760 as a specific epithet in botany; compare earlier ruderale (1753 as a specific epithet)) < classical Latin rūdera rudera n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare French rudéral (1802), Italian ruderale (1809), both adjectives, both < scientific Latin.

Ecology.

A. adj.

Of a plant: growing on waste ground or among rubbish, esp. as a pioneer (pioneer n. 4b); (also) designating a habitat of this type.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > growing on or amongst rocks, stone, or gravel

rockish1562

rocky1599

ruderary1727

rupestrean1786

saxatile1786

rupestrine1787

rupestral1834

ruderal1835

viatical1847

glareose1866

glareous1880

epilithic1900

1835 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (new ed.) ii. i. 458 Some are ruderal, that is, growing on rubbish.

1856 A. Gray Let. 23 Sept. in C. Darwin Corr. (1990) VI. 229 Englemann and I have been noting the species truly indigenous here which, becoming ruderal or campestral, are increasing in the number of individuals instead of diminishing.

1878 J. D. Hooker & J. Ball Jrnl. Tour Marocco 144 What may be termed the ruderal vegetation throughout the Mediterranean region.

1970 Watsonia 8 175 Weeds or ruderal plants.

2001 Oxoniensia 65 326 A number of the weed species..are characteristic of ruderal as well as arable habitats.

B. n.

A ruderal plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > growing on or among stone or rock

rock herb1626

rock plant1694

rupestral1847

ruderal1873

stone-plant1883

lithophyte1895

chasmophyte1900

vertical1902

chomophyte1909

1873 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. & Trans. 2 Aug. 93/2 The small number of plants in which the presence of nitre has hitherto been noticed belong to the species of decumbent plants called ‘ruderals’.

1910 Univ. Colorado Stud. 7 124 The most common ruderal is sage-brush. With rabbit-brush it forms the common roadside vegetation.

1929 J. W. Bews World's Grasses vi. 226 Most of the species of Digitaria tend to become ruderals.

1979 Nature 20 Dec. 780/2 An ecological classification of plants into competitors, stress-tolerators and ruderals.

2006 N. Kingsbury Seedheads in Garden 25/1 Ruderals tend to be plants of disturbed habitats or particularly stressful ones, where long term survival of individual plants is unlikely.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ruderal
释义	ruderaladj.n. Brit. /ˈruːd(ə)rəl/, U.S. /ˈrudərəl/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ruderalis. Etymology: < scientific Latin ruderalis (1760 as a specific epithet in botany; compare earlier ruderale (1753 as a specific epithet)) < classical Latin rūdera rudera n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare French rudéral (1802), Italian ruderale (1809), both adjectives, both < scientific Latin. Ecology. A. adj. Of a plant: growing on waste ground or among rubbish, esp. as a pioneer (pioneer n. 4b); (also) designating a habitat of this type. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > growing on or amongst rocks, stone, or gravel rockish1562 rocky1599 ruderary1727 rupestrean1786 saxatile1786 rupestrine1787 rupestral1834 ruderal1835 viatical1847 glareose1866 glareous1880 epilithic1900 1835 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (new ed.) ii. i. 458 Some are ruderal, that is, growing on rubbish. 1856 A. Gray Let. 23 Sept. in C. Darwin Corr. (1990) VI. 229 Englemann and I have been noting the species truly indigenous here which, becoming ruderal or campestral, are increasing in the number of individuals instead of diminishing. 1878 J. D. Hooker & J. Ball Jrnl. Tour Marocco 144 What may be termed the ruderal vegetation throughout the Mediterranean region. 1970 Watsonia 8 175 Weeds or ruderal plants. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 326 A number of the weed species..are characteristic of ruderal as well as arable habitats. B. n. A ruderal plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > growing on or among stone or rock rock herb1626 rock plant1694 rupestral1847 ruderal1873 stone-plant1883 lithophyte1895 chasmophyte1900 vertical1902 chomophyte1909 1873 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. & Trans. 2 Aug. 93/2 The small number of plants in which the presence of nitre has hitherto been noticed belong to the species of decumbent plants called ‘ruderals’. 1910 Univ. Colorado Stud. 7 124 The most common ruderal is sage-brush. With rabbit-brush it forms the common roadside vegetation. 1929 J. W. Bews World's Grasses vi. 226 Most of the species of Digitaria tend to become ruderals. 1979 Nature 20 Dec. 780/2 An ecological classification of plants into competitors, stress-tolerators and ruderals. 2006 N. Kingsbury Seedheads in Garden 25/1 Ruderals tend to be plants of disturbed habitats or particularly stressful ones, where long term survival of individual plants is unlikely. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1835
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