ruminationn.

Brit.

/ˌruːmᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌruməˈneɪʃən/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rūminātiōn-, rūminātiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin rūminātiōn-, rūminātiō process of chewing the cud, chewing over (of plans) in the mind < rūmināt- , past participial stem of rūmināre ruminate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French ruminacion , French rumination recitation of a psalm from memory (14th cent. in an isolated attestation), action of chewing the cud (1732), Catalan ruminació (1546), Spanish ruminación (a1500), Italian ruminazione (1598 in Florio; earlier as †rugumazione (transmission error, 14th cent.)). In sense 3 either after German Rumination (1876 or earlier in this sense) or after ruminate adj.

a. The action of revolving something in one's mind; meditation, contemplation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > [noun]

thoughta1387

consideration1388

contemplationc1390

meditationa1393

musinga1393

speculationa1450

studier1472

musea1500

recollection1576

contemplature1580

rumination1585

contemplating1587

amuse1606

meditating1609

theory1611

meditancea1625

amusement1694

cogitabundation1729

cogibundity1734

cogitabundity1744

think1834

recueillement1845

thunk1922

noodling1942

1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie i. i. 9 He hath published a law vnto vs with so greate charge..to make it our cogitation, our discourse, our talke, our excercise our rumination, and our delight.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 18 In which by often rumination, wraps me in a most humorous sadnesse.

1658 J. Robinson Endoxa iii. 26 If at any times..we sin, by rumination on the foregoing signs, we may draw fresh solace.

1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber xi. 213 Like the Ideas of a delightful Spring, in a Winter's Rumination.

1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 156 From his bury'd Flock Retiring, full of Rumination sad.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. liii. 15 To throw away life..in frivolous amusements, or useless austerities, or indolent rumination.

1864 G. M. Musgrave Ten Days in Fr. Parsonage II. ii. 42 The mind wanders into endless rumination.

1921 R. C. Benchley Of All Things xiii. 130 Such futile rumination is all well enough for those who like it.

1957 Times 28 Dec. 5/6 There was little inclination here to-day for philosophic rumination.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 Apr. 11/4 Daniel Defoe's rumination on evil will now be available..to new readers.

b. As a count noun: a meditation, thought, or reflection. Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > [noun] > act(s) of

thinkingsa1225

meditationa1393

contemplationa1400

musing?a1430

reverie1477

musea1500

rumination1622

walking meditation1756

reckon1902

1622 T. Scott Belgicke Pismire 14 A rumination of the judgement, pondering, and reuoluing some matter in hand, vntill the same be perfectly digested, setled, and disposed by reason.

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 221 Ruminations of joy in the Memory..are good.

1744 S. Fielding Adventures David Simple (ed. 2) I. i. iii. 36 After much amusing himself with the deepest Ruminations on this Subject..he at length took the oddest, most unaccountable Resolution that ever was heard of.

1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 540 In my lonely ruminations I called to mind a coffer.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 214 Each being wrapped in his own unpleasant ruminations.

1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness v. 56 A study which inweaves the Word into the daily life of the Christian, a rumination..which is more or less continual.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. ix. 161 If the Arrowpoints had such ruminations.

1924 C. S. Churchill Let. 24 Feb. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xii. 279 I fear these ruminations may not seem very intelligent as I am cut off from knowing what really is going on.

1989 V. Glendinning Grown-ups (1990) xi. 126 He generalized, even in his private thoughts... This gave his ruminations a certain intellectual stature.

2006 New Yorker 10 Apr. 12/1 ‘This Is Not a Time for Dreaming’ is a rumination on creativity, authorship, and institutions.

c. Psychiatry. Obsessive repetition of the same thoughts to a degree which interferes with normal psychological functioning. Also: an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1922 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry Jan. 326 We also find the ‘mental rumination’ which I have described as existing in cases of psychasthenia.

1942 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 95 121 Keeping people busy and occupied was one of the best ways of preventing mental breakdown after facing tragedy,..thus avoiding a period of rumination which may precede a remote psychological reaction.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 831/1 Those making up the second vector [of obsessional personalities] were indecisiveness and definite symptoms of neurosis, such as anxiety, phobias, obsessions, and ruminations.

2010 N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Feb. 40/2 Psychiatry has come to see rumination as a dangerous mental habit, because it leads people to fixate on their flaws and problems, thus extending their negative moods.

a. The action of chewing the cud; the chewing by a herbivorous animal of partially digested food from the rumen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > [noun] > rumination

ruminating1598

rumination1624

remastication1803

1624 J. Norden Imitation of David sig. a4^v For as rumination precedes digesture in cleane beasts; so holy Meditation goes before effectuall prayer in Christians.

1681 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Stomachs & Guts vi. 25 in Musæum Regalis Societatis The Voluntary Motion of the Stomach, is that only which accompanies Rumination.

1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xi. 199 The very Act itself of Rumination is an excellent Provision for the compleat Mastication of the Food.

1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. i. Pref. p. vi They possess the remarkable power of rumination.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 151 When rumination ceases..this is a most serious business.

1900 H. Stewart Domest. Sheep (ed. 2) 16 These glands are large and exude a copious amount of saliva, especially during the act of rumination.

2006 M. Pollan Omnivore's Dilemma iv. 77 When the diet contains too much starch and too little roughage, rumination all but stops, and a layer of foamy slime forms in the rumen.

b. Medicine. A medical condition in which food is regurgitated after a short period in the stomach, and is then either swallowed again (with or without re-chewing) or spat out; = merycism n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > reflux or regurgitation

upbraiding1541

regurgitation1601

reflux1630

water brash1757

pyrosis1772

rumination1772

water-brash1811

merycism1857

1772 W. Cullen Inst. Med. §iv. cxcvii. 181 The ordinary motions of the stomach..are..subject to other modifications, as in eructation, rumination, and vomiting, which, however, as morbid, we reserve to be considered in the pathology.

1846 Lancet 15 Aug. 186 The rumination which sometimes occurs in dyspepsia.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 473 Regurgitation and even rumination of the upcast food are curious features of some cases of nervously irritable stomach.

1935 D. Paterson & J. F. Smith Mod. Methods Feeding in Infancy & Childhood (ed. 5) vii. 117 Habit vomiting or rumination (merycism).

1967 Jrnl. Pediatrics 70 333/1 Two children with rumination were included in this group because they also had a good appetite.

2006 Eating & Weight Disorders 11 e85 Rumination usually lessens with improvement of the eating disorder.

3. One of the folds in the ruminate endosperm of a seed; these folds collectively. Also: the condition of being ruminate. Cf. ruminate adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > ridge channel > [noun]

wrinkle1545

crest1597

ruga1683

tubea1704

furrow1725

flute1728

stria1731

rib1740

carina1774

striolet1826

vallecula1856

channel1875

carination1880

rumination1889

striola1903

riblet1949

1889 Bot. Gaz. 14 24 In Anonaceae the plates producing the ‘rumination’ arise in four vertical rows by local growth of the outer integument.

1902 New Phytologist 1 153 It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that rumination plays an important part in the nutrition of the endosperm.

1971 Kew Bull. 25 13 The inner layer of the testa bears spine-like processes which enter the ruminations of the endosperm.

1994 W. B. Zomlefer Guide Flowering Plant Families 33/1 The ruminations of the endosperm are transverse infoldings caused by overgrowth of the integuments.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rumination
释义	ruminationn. Brit. /ˌruːmᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌruməˈneɪʃən/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rūminātiōn-, rūminātiō. Etymology: < classical Latin rūminātiōn-, rūminātiō process of chewing the cud, chewing over (of plans) in the mind < rūmināt- , past participial stem of rūmināre ruminate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French ruminacion , French rumination recitation of a psalm from memory (14th cent. in an isolated attestation), action of chewing the cud (1732), Catalan ruminació (1546), Spanish ruminación (a1500), Italian ruminazione (1598 in Florio; earlier as †rugumazione (transmission error, 14th cent.)). In sense 3 either after German Rumination (1876 or earlier in this sense) or after ruminate adj. 1. a. The action of revolving something in one's mind; meditation, contemplation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > [noun] thoughta1387 consideration1388 contemplationc1390 meditationa1393 musinga1393 speculationa1450 studier1472 musea1500 recollection1576 contemplature1580 rumination1585 contemplating1587 amuse1606 meditating1609 theory1611 meditancea1625 amusement1694 cogitabundation1729 cogibundity1734 cogitabundity1744 think1834 recueillement1845 thunk1922 noodling1942 1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie i. i. 9 He hath published a law vnto vs with so greate charge..to make it our cogitation, our discourse, our talke, our excercise our rumination, and our delight. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 18 In which by often rumination, wraps me in a most humorous sadnesse. View more context for this quotation 1658 J. Robinson Endoxa iii. 26 If at any times..we sin, by rumination on the foregoing signs, we may draw fresh solace. 1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber xi. 213 Like the Ideas of a delightful Spring, in a Winter's Rumination. 1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 156 From his bury'd Flock Retiring, full of Rumination sad. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. liii. 15 To throw away life..in frivolous amusements, or useless austerities, or indolent rumination. 1864 G. M. Musgrave Ten Days in Fr. Parsonage II. ii. 42 The mind wanders into endless rumination. 1921 R. C. Benchley Of All Things xiii. 130 Such futile rumination is all well enough for those who like it. 1957 Times 28 Dec. 5/6 There was little inclination here to-day for philosophic rumination. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 Apr. 11/4 Daniel Defoe's rumination on evil will now be available..to new readers. b. As a count noun: a meditation, thought, or reflection. Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > [noun] > act(s) of thinkingsa1225 meditationa1393 contemplationa1400 musing?a1430 reverie1477 musea1500 rumination1622 walking meditation1756 reckon1902 1622 T. Scott Belgicke Pismire 14 A rumination of the judgement, pondering, and reuoluing some matter in hand, vntill the same be perfectly digested, setled, and disposed by reason. 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 221 Ruminations of joy in the Memory..are good. 1744 S. Fielding Adventures David Simple (ed. 2) I. i. iii. 36 After much amusing himself with the deepest Ruminations on this Subject..he at length took the oddest, most unaccountable Resolution that ever was heard of. 1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 540 In my lonely ruminations I called to mind a coffer. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 214 Each being wrapped in his own unpleasant ruminations. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness v. 56 A study which inweaves the Word into the daily life of the Christian, a rumination..which is more or less continual. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. ix. 161 If the Arrowpoints had such ruminations. 1924 C. S. Churchill Let. 24 Feb. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xii. 279 I fear these ruminations may not seem very intelligent as I am cut off from knowing what really is going on. 1989 V. Glendinning Grown-ups (1990) xi. 126 He generalized, even in his private thoughts... This gave his ruminations a certain intellectual stature. 2006 New Yorker 10 Apr. 12/1 ‘This Is Not a Time for Dreaming’ is a rumination on creativity, authorship, and institutions. c. Psychiatry. Obsessive repetition of the same thoughts to a degree which interferes with normal psychological functioning. Also: an instance of this. ΚΠ 1922 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry Jan. 326 We also find the ‘mental rumination’ which I have described as existing in cases of psychasthenia. 1942 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 95 121 Keeping people busy and occupied was one of the best ways of preventing mental breakdown after facing tragedy,..thus avoiding a period of rumination which may precede a remote psychological reaction. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 831/1 Those making up the second vector [of obsessional personalities] were indecisiveness and definite symptoms of neurosis, such as anxiety, phobias, obsessions, and ruminations. 2010 N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Feb. 40/2 Psychiatry has come to see rumination as a dangerous mental habit, because it leads people to fixate on their flaws and problems, thus extending their negative moods. 2. a. The action of chewing the cud; the chewing by a herbivorous animal of partially digested food from the rumen. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > [noun] > rumination ruminating1598 rumination1624 remastication1803 1624 J. Norden Imitation of David sig. a4^v For as rumination precedes digesture in cleane beasts; so holy Meditation goes before effectuall prayer in Christians. 1681 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Stomachs & Guts vi. 25 in Musæum Regalis Societatis The Voluntary Motion of the Stomach, is that only which accompanies Rumination. 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xi. 199 The very Act itself of Rumination is an excellent Provision for the compleat Mastication of the Food. 1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. i. Pref. p. vi They possess the remarkable power of rumination. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 151 When rumination ceases..this is a most serious business. 1900 H. Stewart Domest. Sheep (ed. 2) 16 These glands are large and exude a copious amount of saliva, especially during the act of rumination. 2006 M. Pollan Omnivore's Dilemma iv. 77 When the diet contains too much starch and too little roughage, rumination all but stops, and a layer of foamy slime forms in the rumen. b. Medicine. A medical condition in which food is regurgitated after a short period in the stomach, and is then either swallowed again (with or without re-chewing) or spat out; = merycism n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > reflux or regurgitation upbraiding1541 regurgitation1601 reflux1630 water brash1757 pyrosis1772 rumination1772 water-brash1811 merycism1857 1772 W. Cullen Inst. Med. §iv. cxcvii. 181 The ordinary motions of the stomach..are..subject to other modifications, as in eructation, rumination, and vomiting, which, however, as morbid, we reserve to be considered in the pathology. 1846 Lancet 15 Aug. 186 The rumination which sometimes occurs in dyspepsia. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 473 Regurgitation and even rumination of the upcast food are curious features of some cases of nervously irritable stomach. 1935 D. Paterson & J. F. Smith Mod. Methods Feeding in Infancy & Childhood (ed. 5) vii. 117 Habit vomiting or rumination (merycism). 1967 Jrnl. Pediatrics 70 333/1 Two children with rumination were included in this group because they also had a good appetite. 2006 Eating & Weight Disorders 11 e85 Rumination usually lessens with improvement of the eating disorder. 3. One of the folds in the ruminate endosperm of a seed; these folds collectively. Also: the condition of being ruminate. Cf. ruminate adj. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > ridge channel > [noun] wrinkle1545 crest1597 ruga1683 tubea1704 furrow1725 flute1728 stria1731 rib1740 carina1774 striolet1826 vallecula1856 channel1875 carination1880 rumination1889 striola1903 riblet1949 1889 Bot. Gaz. 14 24 In Anonaceae the plates producing the ‘rumination’ arise in four vertical rows by local growth of the outer integument. 1902 New Phytologist 1 153 It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that rumination plays an important part in the nutrition of the endosperm. 1971 Kew Bull. 25 13 The inner layer of the testa bears spine-like processes which enter the ruminations of the endosperm. 1994 W. B. Zomlefer Guide Flowering Plant Families 33/1 The ruminations of the endosperm are transverse infoldings caused by overgrowth of the integuments. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1585
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