betrayv.

/bɪˈtreɪ/

Forms: Middle English bitrai(e, -y(e, by-, betraye, Middle English–1600s betrai(e, Middle English– betray. past participle Middle English betrayne.

Etymology: Middle English bi- , betraien , < bi-, be- prefix 2 + traien tray n.¹, < Old French traïr < Latin tradĕre to deliver, hand over.

a. transitive. To give up to, or place in the power of an enemy, by treachery or disloyalty.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > disloyalty > [verb (transitive)]

betrayc1275

disalliege1649

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > treacherous action > [verb (transitive)]

trechec1230

betrayc1275

trayc1275

treason13..

traise1320

trechetc1330

betradec1375

betraisec1386

deceivea1400

bewray1535

reveal1640

double-cross1889

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > betrayal > betray [verb (transitive)]

sellc950

forredea1000

belewec1000

trechec1230

betrayc1275

trayc1275

wrayc1275

traise1320

trechetc1330

betradec1375

betraisec1386

bewray1535

betrantc1540

boil1602

reveal1640

peacha1689

bridge1819

to go back on (also upon)1859

to sell (a person) down the river1921

c1275 Passion Our Lord 93 in Old Eng. Misc. On me scal bi~traye · þat nv is vre yuere.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxvi. 15 An ynnocent blod ȝee shul betraȝe aȝen ȝou self.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16514 He come als traitur ful fals His lauerd for to be-trai.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvi. 21 Verely I saye vnto you, that one of you shall betraye [ Wyclif, bitraye] me.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxviii. 11196 The toune to be-tray, truly, þai thoght.

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 374 Lhewelyn was betraied by the men of Buelht.

1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 521 Once a Traytor, thou betray'st no more.

1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xiii. 310 The faithless guardian..tempted..to betray the sacred treasure.

†b. To give up or expose to punishment. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > give up or expose to punishment

damnc1320

betraya1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 91 She did betray me to my owne reproofe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. iii. 185 To betray him to another punishment.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 29 Circumvented & betray'd to excessive punishments.

a. To be or prove false to (a trust or him who trusts one); to be disloyal to; to disappoint the hopes or expectations of.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > be unfaithful to [verb (transitive)] > principles, etc.

betraya1300

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1634 ‘Noe,’ God said, ‘i tell till þe, All þis world bitrais me.’

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 294 Let us speke of Eneas How he betrayed hir allas.

?1561 Syr Tryamoure (new ed.) sig. A.iii^v Syr he sayde for certente, Your quene hath you betrayne [a1500 Cambr. done þe trayne].

1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido v. sig. F2^v Why wilt thou so betray thy sonnes good hap?

1791 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 278 People who..betray every cause that they have in hand.

1844 A. B. Welby Poems (1867) 24 Those whom I trust are the first to betray.

b. figurative. To prove false to, let go weakly or basely.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)]

to fall from ——a1425

waivec1450

forthink1483

to leave up1523

unresolve1608

startle1612

betray1614

recant1648

recede1650

to turn round1808

to unmake one's mind1848

unwill1871

1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Benefits in tr. Seneca Wks. 1 Without any election we rather betray than bestow our benefits.

1624 F. Quarles Job Militant (1717) 171 Worn bare with grief, the patient Job betraid His seven-days silence.

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto iii. 99 Scorning..to betray the courage he had always manifested.

†3. loosely. To cheat, disappoint. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > disappointment > disappoint, frustrate [verb (transitive)]

swikeOE

beguile1483

deludea1513

disappointa1513

dispointa1513

forsake1526

betray1594

mock1600

frustrate1663

evade1692

elude1694

balk1735

to let down1795

slip1890

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. ii. 147 Reuenge now goes, To lay a complot to betray thy foes.

a1704 T. Brown Satire upon Quack in Wks. (1720) I. 73 Her much wrong'd Child was of its Life betray'd.

a. To lead astray or into error, as a false guide; to mislead, seduce, deceive (the trustful).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)] > into a place, action, etc.

betrayc1250

weyec1315

deceivea1375

to draw out1579

fond1628

drill1662

seduce1673

surprise1696

to rope into1859

forset1872

steer1889

c1250 Laȝamon Brut 8924 He wende [þat Andr]ogius bi-traie [c1205 swiken] hi[ne wo]lde.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 137 Had hem bitraied with his sophistrye.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 6 Yet she must die, else shee'll betray more men.

1647 A. Cowley Bargain in Mistress i Take heed, take heed, thou lovely Maid, Nor be by glittering ills betraid.

1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 35 Their wit has not yet betrayed them to heresy.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 239 Pride and self-confidence betray man to his fall.

b. spec. To induce (a woman) to surrender her chastity by false promises; to seduce. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > seduce

sardc950

jape1382

transvertc1450

seducec1560

debauch1711

betray1766

to do over1823

make1910

to race off1965

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. v. 78 When lovely woman stoops to folly, And finds too late that men betray.

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. xvi. 208 A conviction not so entirely unknown to the ‘betrayed’ as some amiable theorists would have us believe.

1926 J. Black You can't Win v. 52 Betrayed and deserted, she stole enough of her father's money to take her to the city and into a hospital where her baby was born.

5. To disclose or reveal with breach of faith (a secret, or that which should be kept secret).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets

discovera1375

labc1400

bewray1578

blab1582

discabinet1605

eviscerate1607

eliminate1608

to give upa1640

vent1678

betray1734

confide1735

leak1859

to shell out1862

clatfart1913

spill1917

unzip1939

1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 294 Who tells whate'er you think, whate'er you say, And, if he lyes not, must at least betray.

1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne v. 150 The officious doctor..betrayed his patient's confidence.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 65 He betrayed to Barillon all the schemes adverse to France.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxv. iii, in Maud & Other Poems 91 A statesman there, betraying His party-secret, fool, to the press.

6. To reveal or disclose against one's will or intention the existence, identity, real character of (a person or thing desired to be kept secret).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets > prejudicially

wraya1300

bewrayc1386

descrya1400

blab1594

betray1598

sell1831

peach1852

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. ii. 125 I do betray my selfe with blushing.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 116 Ire, envie and despair..betraid Him counterfet.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 90 Antick Vests; which thro' their shady fold, Betray the Streaks of ill dissembl'd Gold.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. xv. 104 Lest they should betray their rank by their unusual behaviour.

1822 ‘B. Cornwall’ Voice She tries to hide The love her eyes betray.

7. To reveal, disclose or show incidentally; to exhibit, show signs of, to show (a thing which there is no attempt to keep secret).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)] > incidentally

discovera1500

bewray?1578

betray1697

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 135 His Bowels bruis'd within, Betray no Wound on his unbroken Skin.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 106. ¶3 If he coughs, or betrays any Infirmity of old Age.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 174 A temple of this sort, which betrayed great antiquity.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §14. 51 An irreverence which betrays an utter unconsciousness of our due position.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 92 No prince of the house of Lancaster betrayed a wish to renew the quarrel with the Church.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	betray
释义	† betrayn. Etymology: < betray v. Obsolete. rare. = betrayal n. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > treacherous action > [noun] treason?c1225 treacheryc1300 trechettingc1330 traisementc1380 betrayinga1382 betraisingc1385 proditionc1425 trayment1468 tradition1483 tradiment1535 foul play1546 betrayment1548 false play1567 betray1600 treacherizing1656 betrayal1817 treasony1828 double-crossing1834 trahison1858 dobbing1968 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > betrayal > [noun] trechettingc1330 traisementc1380 betrayinga1382 betraisingc1385 trayment1468 tradition1483 betrayment1548 betray1600 betrayal1817 sell1838 backstabbing1855 ratting1946 1600 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliad xxiv. 74 O thou that to betray and shame art still companion! This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021). betrayv. /bɪˈtreɪ/ Forms: Middle English bitrai(e, -y(e, by-, betraye, Middle English–1600s betrai(e, Middle English– betray. past participle Middle English betrayne. Etymology: Middle English bi- , betraien , < bi-, be- prefix 2 + traien tray n.¹, < Old French traïr < Latin tradĕre to deliver, hand over. 1. a. transitive. To give up to, or place in the power of an enemy, by treachery or disloyalty. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > disloyalty > [verb (transitive)] betrayc1275 disalliege1649 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > treacherous action > [verb (transitive)] trechec1230 betrayc1275 trayc1275 treason13.. traise1320 trechetc1330 betradec1375 betraisec1386 deceivea1400 bewray1535 reveal1640 double-cross1889 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > betrayal > betray [verb (transitive)] sellc950 forredea1000 belewec1000 trechec1230 betrayc1275 trayc1275 wrayc1275 traise1320 trechetc1330 betradec1375 betraisec1386 bewray1535 betrantc1540 boil1602 reveal1640 peacha1689 bridge1819 to go back on (also upon)1859 to sell (a person) down the river1921 c1275 Passion Our Lord 93 in Old Eng. Misc. On me scal bi~traye · þat nv is vre yuere. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxvi. 15 An ynnocent blod ȝee shul betraȝe aȝen ȝou self. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16514 He come als traitur ful fals His lauerd for to be-trai. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvi. 21 Verely I saye vnto you, that one of you shall betraye [ Wyclif, bitraye] me. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxviii. 11196 The toune to be-tray, truly, þai thoght. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 374 Lhewelyn was betraied by the men of Buelht. 1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 521 Once a Traytor, thou betray'st no more. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xiii. 310 The faithless guardian..tempted..to betray the sacred treasure. †b. To give up or expose to punishment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > give up or expose to punishment damnc1320 betraya1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 91 She did betray me to my owne reproofe. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. iii. 185 To betray him to another punishment. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 29 Circumvented & betray'd to excessive punishments. 2. a. To be or prove false to (a trust or him who trusts one); to be disloyal to; to disappoint the hopes or expectations of. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > be unfaithful to [verb (transitive)] > principles, etc. betraya1300 a1300 Cursor Mundi 1634 ‘Noe,’ God said, ‘i tell till þe, All þis world bitrais me.’ c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 294 Let us speke of Eneas How he betrayed hir allas. ?1561 Syr Tryamoure (new ed.) sig. A.iii^v Syr he sayde for certente, Your quene hath you betrayne [a1500 Cambr. done þe trayne]. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido v. sig. F2^v Why wilt thou so betray thy sonnes good hap? 1791 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 278 People who..betray every cause that they have in hand. 1844 A. B. Welby Poems (1867) 24 Those whom I trust are the first to betray. b. figurative. To prove false to, let go weakly or basely. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] to fall from ——a1425 waivec1450 forthink1483 to leave up1523 unresolve1608 startle1612 betray1614 recant1648 recede1650 to turn round1808 to unmake one's mind1848 unwill1871 1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Benefits in tr. Seneca Wks. 1 Without any election we rather betray than bestow our benefits. 1624 F. Quarles Job Militant (1717) 171 Worn bare with grief, the patient Job betraid His seven-days silence. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto iii. 99 Scorning..to betray the courage he had always manifested. †3. loosely. To cheat, disappoint. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > disappointment > disappoint, frustrate [verb (transitive)] swikeOE beguile1483 deludea1513 disappointa1513 dispointa1513 forsake1526 betray1594 mock1600 frustrate1663 evade1692 elude1694 balk1735 to let down1795 slip1890 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. ii. 147 Reuenge now goes, To lay a complot to betray thy foes. View more context for this quotation a1704 T. Brown Satire upon Quack in Wks. (1720) I. 73 Her much wrong'd Child was of its Life betray'd. 4. a. To lead astray or into error, as a false guide; to mislead, seduce, deceive (the trustful). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)] > into a place, action, etc. betrayc1250 weyec1315 deceivea1375 to draw out1579 fond1628 drill1662 seduce1673 surprise1696 to rope into1859 forset1872 steer1889 c1250 Laȝamon Brut 8924 He wende [þat Andr]ogius bi-traie [c1205 swiken] hi[ne wo]lde. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 137 Had hem bitraied with his sophistrye. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 6 Yet she must die, else shee'll betray more men. View more context for this quotation 1647 A. Cowley Bargain in Mistress i Take heed, take heed, thou lovely Maid, Nor be by glittering ills betraid. 1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 35 Their wit has not yet betrayed them to heresy. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 239 Pride and self-confidence betray man to his fall. b. spec. To induce (a woman) to surrender her chastity by false promises; to seduce. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > seduce sardc950 jape1382 transvertc1450 seducec1560 debauch1711 betray1766 to do over1823 make1910 to race off1965 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. v. 78 When lovely woman stoops to folly, And finds too late that men betray. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. xvi. 208 A conviction not so entirely unknown to the ‘betrayed’ as some amiable theorists would have us believe. 1926 J. Black You can't Win v. 52 Betrayed and deserted, she stole enough of her father's money to take her to the city and into a hospital where her baby was born. 5. To disclose or reveal with breach of faith (a secret, or that which should be kept secret). ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets discovera1375 labc1400 bewray1578 blab1582 discabinet1605 eviscerate1607 eliminate1608 to give upa1640 vent1678 betray1734 confide1735 leak1859 to shell out1862 clatfart1913 spill1917 unzip1939 1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 294 Who tells whate'er you think, whate'er you say, And, if he lyes not, must at least betray. 1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne v. 150 The officious doctor..betrayed his patient's confidence. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 65 He betrayed to Barillon all the schemes adverse to France. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxv. iii, in Maud & Other Poems 91 A statesman there, betraying His party-secret, fool, to the press. 6. To reveal or disclose against one's will or intention the existence, identity, real character of (a person or thing desired to be kept secret). ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets > prejudicially wraya1300 bewrayc1386 descrya1400 blab1594 betray1598 sell1831 peach1852 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. ii. 125 I do betray my selfe with blushing. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 116 Ire, envie and despair..betraid Him counterfet. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 90 Antick Vests; which thro' their shady fold, Betray the Streaks of ill dissembl'd Gold. View more context for this quotation 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. xv. 104 Lest they should betray their rank by their unusual behaviour. 1822 ‘B. Cornwall’ Voice She tries to hide The love her eyes betray. 7. To reveal, disclose or show incidentally; to exhibit, show signs of, to show (a thing which there is no attempt to keep secret). ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)] > incidentally discovera1500 bewray?1578 betray1697 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 135 His Bowels bruis'd within, Betray no Wound on his unbroken Skin. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 106. ¶3 If he coughs, or betrays any Infirmity of old Age. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 174 A temple of this sort, which betrayed great antiquity. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §14. 51 An irreverence which betrays an utter unconsciousness of our due position. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 92 No prince of the house of Lancaster betrayed a wish to renew the quarrel with the Church. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1600v.c1250
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† betrayn.

betrayv.