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单词 rundlet
释义

rundletn.1

Brit. /ˈrʌndlᵻt/, U.S. /ˈrəndlət/
Forms:

α. Middle English rundelete, Middle English–1500s rundelet, Middle English– rundlet, 1500s rwndlett, 1500s–1600s rundlett, 1600s ryndlett (Scottish).

β. Middle English roundelettes (plural), Middle English rowndlet, Middle English 1600s– roundlet, 1500s roundelet.

γ. Middle English ronlett, Middle English 1600s– runlet, 1500s roneletes (plural), 1500s rvmlete, 1500s–1700s runlett, 1600s ronlet.

δ. Middle English–1500s rondelet, 1500s (1600s North American) rondlett, 1500s–1600s rondlet.

ε. 1600s renlet, 1600s renlett.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rondelet.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rondelet, rundelete (a1350 or earlier), probably < rondel rondel n. + -et -et suffix1. Compare Middle French rondelle (14th cent.), and also (in different senses) Middle French rondelet (see roundlet n. and rondelet n.). Compare post-classical Latin rondelectum , rondellettum , roundelettum (frequently from 1324 in British sources), apparently < Anglo-Norman, hence implying earlier currency of the Anglo-Norman word. Compare roundlet n.
1. A cask or vessel of varying capacity; (also) the quantity of liquid contained in this, often used as a measure for wine or spirits. Now historical.Large rundlets appear usually to have varied between 15 and 18½ gallons (approx. 68 to 84 litres), small ones between a pint and 6 gallons (approx. 0.6 to 27 litres).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > barrel or cask > [noun]
barrelc1300
kovec1320
rubbour1362
bossc1375
rundlet1380
cade1387
kemp1391
cuve14..
keup1480
tonnel1483
colle?a1500
fostella1510
cap1519
firkett1523
cask1557
butt1572
botozio1622
rindell1640
drum1871
α.
1380–1 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 590 (MED) In uno rundlet vini del Rien cont. 60 lag. empt. apud Nov. Castr.
c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 187 Of every rundelet [Fr. rundelete] of the same merchaundise, ob.
1542 in Hist. MSS Comm.: MSS Duke of Rutland (1905) IV. 324 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2606) LXIII. 301 For the carege off a rwndlett off Mus[c]adene, viij d.
1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) iv. iv. 457 Any kilderkins, tertian, firkins or rundlets.
1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will 486 in Wks. (Grosart) VI. 105 Actors, bring now a black Iack, and a rundlet of Renish wine.
1636 J. Winthrop Let. 10 Apr. in Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. App. 391 A rundlet of sack.
1703 W. Dampier Voy. New Holland iii. 150 My Men came aboard and brought a Rundlet of brackish Water.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 6 122 small Anchors or Rundlets of Brandy.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. xxviii. 121 A rundlet, that hath lost Its middle or side stave, gapes not so wide.
1895 M. A. Jackson Mem. Stonewall Jackson 523 He commended to my own use a rundlet of cognac, as being much too good to be staved.
1913 A. F. Wallis Idonia (1914) xxiii. 280 The fellow that had just entered the hold with a handful of biscuits and a little rundlet of burnt wine.
1931 A. Bryant King Charles II i. ii. 51 [He] assured the authorities that they contained nothing but a rundlet of wine and two firkins of soap.
1960 J. Barth Sot-weed Factor ii. xxvii. 413 This blackguard Bradnox never paid me for that liquor—a rundlet in all, give or take a dram.
2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons iii. v. 273 Smith..took a rundlet from his saddlebag and drank a long pull.
β. 1434–6 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 237 vj Roundelettes of Resins of Corence.1466 Expenses J. Paston's Funeral in Paston Lett. (1904) IV. 227 For a roundlet of red wine of xv. gallonys.1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 109 The price of the But, Tone, Hoggeshede, Punchion, Tierce, Barel or Roundelet to be sold in grosse.1594 H. Plat Jewell House 70 Set your roundelet in the sunne.1656 T. Blount Glossographia Roundlet, a certain measure of Wine, Oyle, &c. containing eighteen Gallons and an half.1684 T. Guidott True & Exact Acct. Sadlers Well 2 Some of those who used to have it of him in Bottles, found so much good by it, that they desired him to bring it in Roundlets.1727 P. Longueville Hermit 238 There being a small Roundlet lying by empty, he takes one of the Ends of it, in which the next Day he beat Butter.1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. II. xviii. 83 Horses loaded with Roundlets of Usky.1809 A. Clifford in State Papers Sir R. Sadler I. vii. 590 In bishop Gibson's days, a roundlet of good claret was as frequently to be met with in Northumberland as in Middlesex.1879 Belfast News-let. 31 Oct. 1/4 (advt.) Implements.—Thrashing machine..milk tubs, roundlets, churn, [etc.].1903 Irish Law Times Rep. 37 52/2 A quantity of buttermilk was delivered in six roundlets.2003 I. S. Hornsey Hist. Beer & Brewing vi. 353 After a while the fermenting mass was run into the casks known as roundlets—where further fermentation occurred.γ. 1471 E. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 634 My modyre..prays ȝow þat ȝe wyl bye here a runlet of malmesey owthe of þe galey.1491–2 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 179 For a ronlett of malvinseyn gevyn vnto master plomere.1530 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 184 Quatuor roneletes vini dulcis vocati Malvesy.1579 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 401 Bruers measures, as barells,..firkins, runletts, ladlemeales.1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus i. 7 They make their bodies like runlets or wine caskes.1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest ii. 18 The Runlet of Brandy was a loving Runlet, and floated after us out of pure pity.1736 Compl. Family-piece i. v. 194 Then strain it out, and put it in a Runlet.1814 R. Southey Carmina Aulica in Poet. Wks. III. 314 Many a runlet of right Nantes, I ween, Hath suffer'd percolation through that trunk.1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. iii. 124 Æneas [Sylvius] had received at a certain monastery a few loaves and a runlet of red wine.1882 Good Words 23 606 Who brought him venison pasties and apple turnovers and runlets of ale.1910 E. Phillpotts Thief of Virtue iii. ii. 209 He rested presently, and the boy brought him a little runlet of cider.1932 H. Quinn Quiet Twelfth in Mrs. McConaghy's Money 92 The words come trippin' out of ye betimes like buttermilk gurglin' out of a runlet.1988 H. A. Klein Sci. Measurem. iii. 44 The kilderkin corresponded to a measure known in 1483 as the runlet.δ. 1484 Rolls of Parl.: Richard III (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1484 §31. m. 21 Every rondelet to holde .xviij. galons and an half.1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 7 §4 The prices of..the butt, tonne, pype,..teers, barrell, or rondlett.1593 G. Harvey New Let. in Wks. (1884) I. 280 Her beginning [is] like the purest Oyle in the crowne of the rondelet.?1600 H. Plat Delightes for Ladies sig. E9 I haue knowne Roseleaues kept well in Rondlets.1618 M. Dalton Countrey Justice 117 Sixteene gallons. maketh the Rondlet.a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 72 1 Rundlet or Rondlet = 18½ Gallons.ε. 1616 in Lismore Papers (1886) 1st Ser. I. 112 I sent my lord Careie a Renlett of choice aquavite.1637 in E. George et al. Bristol Probate Inventories 1542–1650 (2002) 103 4 renletts of sixe gallones apeece of french brand wine... One renlett of 4 gallons of the same wine.1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew v. sig. N1 And perhaps save me the expence of a Renlet of Sack the while.
2. figurative. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1594 J. Lyly Mother Bombie iii. ii. sig. E2 My bodie being the rundlet, and my mouth the vent.
1608 T. Middleton Familie of Love (new ed.) ii. sig. B4 v Lets pierce the Rundlets of our running heads.
1638 J. Cleveland in Obsequies 10 in Justa Edouardo King When we have fill'd the rundlets of our eyes, We'll issue 't forth.

Compounds

rundlet-cooper n. now historical and rare a cooper who makes small casks to hold liquids, esp. wine or spirits.
ΚΠ
1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 235/2 Rundlet-cooper is a second branch of this trade.
1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades 161 The Rundlet-cooper works principally for distillers and makers of various cordials.
1910 J. A. Rees Grocery Trade II. 172 There were doubtless in the same district many ‘dry-coopers’, so called..in opposition to the ‘rundlet-coopers’ who made casks capable of holding liquids.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rundletn.2

Brit. /ˈrʌndlᵻt/, U.S. /ˈrəndlət/
Forms: 1500s– rundlet, 1600s rundelet.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rundle n.1, -et suffix1.
Etymology: < rundle n.1 + -et suffix1, partly as alteration of roundlet n.
1. Botany. A small or secondary umbel. Cf. rundle n.1 7. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. cxxi. 564 The leaues [of mountain sideritis] are much narrower, otherwise like, hauing small rough rundlets or tufts, pale of colour like Marrubium.
1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. I. Introd. p. xxxvi We examine the specimen, and find a Fence to each Rundle and likewise a Fence to each Rundlet.
1831 W. Patrick Pop. Descr. Plants Lanarkshire 132 Each of the stems or rays, which form these rundles or umbels, as they are called, are frequently crowned by a rundlet, or smaller set of rays.
2. A small round or circular object; a small circle. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > a circle or ring > small
circleta1529
rundlet1611
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Fondello, rundlets to lay vnder dishes as they vse in Germany.
1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) at Trochisk A little Rundlet or Cake whereinto divers medicinable things are reduced.
1671 J. Webster Metallographia xvii. 242 I do not know that great masses of Copper..have been digged up; but rather certain little masses of a very various figure: to wit, sometimes in the figure of drops or isicles, of little rods, or little rundlets, or globes.
1704 tr. I. de la Peyrère Acct. Greenland in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. II. 466/1 The Demi-circle underneath being fastened to the uppermost Circle, or round Hole like a Rundlet, where it opens towards its Paniers.
1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Rundlet, a small circle.
1917 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 43/2 The rundlets and pegs of the yoke.
3.
a. A circular piece of cloth sewn on to a garment; = roundel n. 6a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > designs or patterns
imagerya1393
imagery work1500
roundel1546
essefirme1600
branch1606
rundlet1672
veining1814
tracery1827
crow's foot1830
Berlin pattern1841
Venetian bar1882
wheatear1882
wheel1903
1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter xxi. 574 These Mantles are of Taffety..; upon the right shoulder of which is a Scutcheon of St. Georges Arms within a Rundelet, imbroidered with Gold and Silk.
b. Heraldry. A circular charge or bearing; = roundel n. 6b. Obsolete. rare.roundlet n. is the more usual word in the work cited in quot. 1688, and it is possible that this instance simply shows a typographical error.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > less honourable charge > circular device
roundel1562
rundle1562
roundlet1680
rundlet1688
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. vi. 60/2 It is not requisite in Blason, to name the colloars of these nine Rundlets, except they be counter changed.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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